Anritsu BTS Master Training (MT8222A)

MT8222A BTS MasterHigh Performance Handheld Base Station Analyzer AKOct05

MT8222A BTS MasterTest Set Description

Product Outline:• Antenna and Cable

Analyzer – 10 MHz to 4 GHz

• Spectrum Analyzer– 100 KHz to 7.1 GHz

• T1 Tester• Interference Analyzer• Power Meter

Measurement– High Accuracy Meter– Internal Power Meter

• Channel Power Analyzer

An Economic Choice

More for Less…

• cost

• training

• maintenance

• procurement problems

Site Master

Spectrum Analyzer

T1/E1Tester

Power Meter

Transmitter Tester

GPS

Interference Analyzer

Channel Scanner

More…

The Technicians Best Friend

Cell Site

BTSTransmitter

Receiver

T1/E1Network Interface

Card Channel Service Unit

Switch Center

Backhaul

RF Measurements DemodulationOTA GSM/GPRS/EDGE WCDMA/HSDPAWiMAX

Cable and Antenna AnalyzerReturn LossCable Loss DTF

Antenna Tower

Power Meter/Monitor


Spectrum Analyzer E1 TesterTransmit and Receive simultaneouslyLocal and Remote Loop Back BER, FER testing dBdsx

Network Interface Card

Transmission Measurement64 Kb/s, Voice Channels Channel Scanner

Cable/Antenna Problems

• Problems in the system, such as connector transitions, jumpers, kinks in the cable or moisture intrusion

• Of all cable and antenna system problems

– 60% are connector related– 20% are cable related– 5% are antenna related

• The BTS Master includes Anritsu Site Master capabilities which is the de-facto industry standard for these measurements RadioRadio

Cable and Antenna Measurements

• The measurements– Return Loss– Cable loss – Distance To Fault (DTF)– 2 Port Gain (TMA/LNA)– 2 Port Loss (Duplexer/Diplexer)

• Precision Calibration– OSL Cal

• Standard open, short, load– Flex Cal

• No recalibration required

Cable and Antenna Measurement

AnritsuMT8222A

Cable & Antenna -VSWR-Return Loss-Cable Loss-DTF (Return Loss)-DTF (VSWR)-2 Port Gain

√√√√√√

• The goal of a wireless communications system is to transfer the maximum amount of RF energy in one direction to achieve desired coverage

– Garden hose and sprinkler• To accomplish this, a wireless communications system

must “Match” from an RF standpoint– Otherwise, reflections occur

• Reflections affect the overall performance of our system

BTS Master TrainingIntroduction to Line Sweeping - RF Basics


• What do we mean by “Match”– In a RF/Wireless communications system, it is often necessary to connect

various components together to deliver the signal from the transmitter/radio to the antenna

• Cables, connectors, adapters, etc.

– Each of the components within the system must match “electrically” (typically 50 ) as we are in essence transferring electrical energy

• 75 50


• What do we mean by reflection?Signal Power From Source = Pi

Reflected Poweris Proportional toImpedance Mismatch

ImpedanceNot Matched,Not 50 Ohms

Reflection Coefficient = = Pr / Pi Expressed in Voltage Terms, = Er / Ei

Pi

Pr


• How can we tell if our system has a reflection or is not meeting specified performance?

– Two types of measurements• VSWR Measurement• Return Loss Measurement

VSWR and Return Loss Measurements provide a quick pass/fail measurement of a wireless system.


VSWR Return Loss (dB) Description1.0:1 Perfect match. Cannot be done.

1.5:1 15.0 Very good match, very little reflection.(Often a design goal)

2.0:1 10.0 Acceptable match, acceptableamount of reflection.

10:1 2.0 Terrible match, significant reflections.Something is definitely wrong.

:1 0 Should find another line of work!

• Comparison of VSWR and Return Loss

• Common VSWR and Return Loss Values

VSWR RL (dB) Component1.5:1 -14 Antenna1.22:1 -20 Lightning Arrestor1.06:1 -30 Connector1.01:1 -45 Cable


BTS Master TrainingLine Sweeping Fundamentals

• In all, there are six measurements that provide the information required to verify the integrity of the transmission line or cable and antenna system

– Cable Loss (Insertion Loss) of the transmission line. (1)• With an open or short connected

– Return Loss / VSWR of the transmission line (3)• With a 50 Ohm termination connected

– Return Loss / VSWR of the transmission line (5)• With Antenna connected

– DTF-RL/ DTF-SWR of the transmission line (2)• With an open or short connected.

– DTF-RL/ DTF-SWR of the transmission line (4)• With a 50 Ohm termination connected.

– DTF-RL/ DTF-SWR of the transmission line (6)• With an Antenna connected.

BTS Master TrainingLine Sweeping Fundamentals

• Must have three pieces of information to properly conduct a line sweep1. Frequency Range

• This can be determined from your system specs – Make sure that your antenna matches the specified frequency range

2. Cable Type(s)• This can be determined from your system specs

– Make sure that your cable(s) match the specified cable type

3. Distance of Cable Run• This is not always outlined in your system specs, but is important

– For less experienced line sweepers, it is suggested that you draw out the system before conducting a line sweep

BTS Master -Cable and Antenna AnalysisMeasurement Setup

• Select the Shift key, then the Mode (9) key, using rotary knob or up/down arrow keys select Cable & Antenna Analyzer and press the Enter key to select.

• Press the Freq/Dist function hard key.• Press the Start Freq soft key and enter the desired start frequency

manually then press the Stop Freq and enter the desired stop freq, or press the Signal Standard soft key and select the applicable standard.

• Select the Measurement hard key to select the desired measurement – VSWR– Return Loss– Cable Loss– DTF Return Loss– DTF VSWR– 2-Port Gain

• Calibrate BTS Master

BTS Master -Cable and Antenna AnalysisMeasurement Setup – Calibration Procedure

• Select the Shift key, then the Calibrate (2) key, using soft key select Cal Type 1-Port or 2-Port. The selected Cal Type will be underlined.

– Select 1 port for RTN Loss and DTF Measurements– Select 2 port for testing gain and insertion loss of TMAs and Duplexers

• Select Cal Power – High or Low. The selected Cal Power will be underlined.

– 1 port measurements, low power is the only selection.– 2 port measurements, low power or high power can be selected.

• Select low power for testing active devices such as TMAs.• Select high power for testing passives devices such as cables and filters.

• Select Start Cal soft key to start calibration. – Follow instructions provided on the display of the BTS Master.– For two port calibrations two loads and two phase stable cables are

required.

BTS Master -Cable and Antenna AnalysisSetting Limit Lines and Markers

• Setting Limit Lines– Select the Shift key, then the Limit (6) key, using soft key select

Limit Upper or Limit Lower. The selected Limit Type will be underlined.

– Select Limit Edit soft key to set limit. Both an upper and lower limit can be set separately.

– Select Limit On/Off soft key. Limit state will be underlined.• Setting Markers

– Select Marker hard key to display marker menu. – Select Marker soft key to choose marker number. Chosen Marker

will be underlined.– Selected marker will appear in Red on the display and can be

adjusted using the daisy wheel.– Non selective markers will appear in Green on the display and can

not be adjusted.

BTS Master -Cable and Antenna AnalysisMeasurement Setup – Saving/Recalling Setups

Saving Setup• Select the Shift key, then the File (7) key, using soft key select Save. • Select Directory Management soft key. • Select Current Location soft key to select data storage location.

– Int. – Data stored to internal memory of BTS Master– USB – Data stored to external USB storage device.– CF – Data stored to compact flash drive.

• Select Back soft key to return to previous page.• Select Save Setup soft key to save setup.

– Use the daisy wheel or soft keys to name setup.• Select the Shift key, then the File (7) key, using soft select Recall.Recalling Setup• Select Recall soft key, then highlight desired setup for recall.• Select Recall soft key to recall setup.

BTS Master Return Loss Measurement

RTN Loss with Load RTN Loss with Antenna

Select RTN Loss Measurements from Measurement Menu

BTS MasterDTF Measurement Procedure

• Press Measurement hard key

• Select DTF RTN Loss soft key

• Press Freq/Dist hard key• Select Cable soft key and

choose the appropriate cable from the cable list. Press Enter Key

• Select the Stop Dist soft key and enter the estimated distance of the transmission system

• Press the More soft key to enter unit preference – meter or ft.

BTS MasterDistance to Fault Measurement

DTF with Open DTF with Antenna

TMA Measurement

• Tower Mounted Amp/Masthead Amplifiers Testing

– On Tower Testing-RTN Loss• By Pass Circuitry- AMP in By Pass Mode• No By- Only TX Band will be swept

– Pre-installed TMA Testing• Two port gain measurement

TMA MeasurementsTypical TMA Configurations

• Simplex Configuration– Used in antenna systems that

have separate RX and TX antennas and separate feed lines to the base station.

• Single Duplex Configuration– Used in antenna systems that

have a common RX and TX antenna and separate feed lines for the RX signal and TX signal to the base station.

• Dual Duplex Configuration– Used in antenna systems that

have both a common RX and TX antenna and a common transmission line to the BTS.

TMA MeasurementsBTS Master Set-up Procedure – TMA Gain

• Testing TMA Prior to Installation (Two Port Gain) – Press the blue Shift key then press the Mode (#9)

key then select Cable and Antenna Analyzer.– Press the Measurement hard key then select 2-port

Gain.– Press Freq/Dist hard key then select Start Freq

soft key to set the start freq next select Stop Freq soft key to set stop frequency.

– Press the blue Shift key then press the Cal (#2) key. Set Cal Type to 2-port and set Cal Power to Low. Start Calibration.

– Connect the RF Out port of the BTS Master to the Antenna port of the TMA and connect the RF In port to the BTS port of the TMA.

– Press the Shift key then press the Sweep (#3) key, then select Bias Tee soft key. Set the required Bias Tee Voltage (+12 to +24), then set the Bias Tee to On.

– Press the Shift key then press the Sweep (#3) key, then select Bias Tee soft key. Set the required Bias Tee Voltage (+12 to +24), then set the Bias Tee to On.

TMA MeasurementsInterpreting TMA Gain Measurement

• 10 to 12 dB Gain in RX Band– Check Manufactures Spec

• Reference Level equals 0 dB– Green Line

• Bias T On – Top Slide• Bias T Off – Bottom Slide

BTS Master BTS Power Measurements

• High Accuracy Power Meter– PSN50– .16 dB of Accuracy– 50 MHz to 6 GHz freq– -30 dB to +20 dB – USB Interface

• Internal Power Meter– .5 dB Accuracy– No External Power Head

Cable & Antenna Measurements

Return Loss/VSWR


Return Loss/VSWR

Cable Loss 2 Port Gain

Distance to Fault


Return Loss/VSWR

Cable Loss 2 Port Gain

Distance to Fault

Basic Transmitter Measurements

• For basic measurements the BTS Master will be directly connected to the base station. (connect directly to RF out with an attenuator or use Test/Monitor connector)

• Use a 30 or 40 dB attenuator on RF output

Base Station

Transmit

Receive

BTSMaster

GSM/EDGE RF/Demod Measurements• RF measurements

– Spectrum display– Pass/Fail Slot Timing Mask– Complete Frame view

• Demodulation measurements– Demodulation display

• GSM, GMSK• EDGE, 8PSK

– EVM– Phase Error– Carrier to Interference

• Pass/Fail mode– Create custom test sets

GSM/EDGERF Measurement

AnritsuMT8222A

GSM/EDGE RF -Occupied Bandwidth-Channel power-Burst power -Carrier frequency -Frequency error-Power vs Time (Frame)-Power vs Time (Slot)

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GSM/EDGEDemodulation

AnritsuMT8222A

GSM/EDGE Demod -Phase error-EVM-C/I -Origin offset -Magnitude error-Modulation type

√√√√√√

BTS Master GSM/EDGE Measurements - Setup

• Select the Shift key, then the Mode (9) key, using rotary knob or up/down arrow keys select GSM/GPRS/EDGE Signal Analyzer and press the Enter key to select.

• Press the Freq function hard key.• Press the Center Freq soft key and enter the desired frequency

manually, or press the Signal Standard soft key and select the applicable GSM standard.

• Select the Channel soft key and use the Up/Down arrow keys, the keypad, or the rotary knob to select a channel number for the selected signal standard. The center of the channel is tuned to the center of the display.

• Press the Setup function hard key.• Press the GSM/EDGE Auto to automatically select the GSM or EDGE

signal.• Press the Amplitude hard key to set the power offset.

– In put Power Off Set when external attenuator is used.– Set Auto Range to ON. BTS Master will automatically adjust attenuation.

BTS Master SM/EDGE Measurements – Setup

• Press the Select Reference Frequency soft key to display a list of the available reference frequencies and select the desired reference frequency to get accurate frequency measurements as described in the previous section or Activate the GPS to get High Accuracy frequency error measurements.

GPS Setup• Install the Anritsu GPS antenna to the GPS antenna connection on the

BTS Master connector panel.• Select the Shift key, then the Mode (8) key. • Select GPS soft key to view GPS settings. • Select GPS On/Off to activate the GPS. Selected state will be

underlined.• Select the GPS Info key to view the GPS information.

– Number of Tracked Satellites– Latitude– Longitude– Altitude

• Select the Measurement hard key to select the desired GSM Measurement.

GSM/GPRS/EDGE Measurements

• MT8222A offers two GSM/GPRS/EDGE measurements that will each be addressed separately in the following guide:

– GSM/GPRS/EDGE RF Measurements, with the MT8222A connected directly to the base station or to an antenna

– GSM/GPRS/EDGE Demodulator Measurements, with the MT8222A connected directly to the base station or to an antenna.

GSM/GPRS/EDGE RF Measurements

• GSM RF measurements are useful to quickly view the RF signal characteristics of the GSM carrier

• GSM RF Measurements consist of:– Spectrum Measurements

• GSM Channel Spectrum• Multi-channel measurements

– Power versus time (frame),– Power versus time (slot)

GSM/EDGE Channel Spectrum

• The GSM Channel Spectrum and multi-channel measurements. Include:

– Channel Power– Occupied Bandwidth– Burst Power– Frequency Error– Modulation Type (GMSK for

GSM and 8PSK for EDGE) – Training Sequence Code (TSC)

• Channel Spectrum Key Strokes– Press the Measurements

function hard key. – Press the Spectrum soft key to

activate the spectrum measurement

– Select Channel spectrum for a single channel view or Mutli-channel spectrum key to display the multiple channels in a 2MHz span

GSM/EDGE Power Versus Time (Frame)

• The GSM Power versus Time Frame shows the 8 GSM time slots bursts or the combined EDGE time slots and GSM voice time slots bursts.

• . Include:– Channel Power– Occupied Bandwidth– Burst Power– Frequency Error– Modulation Type (GMSK for

GSM and 8PSK for EDGE) – Training Sequence Code (TSC)

• Power versus Time (Frame) Key Strokes

– Press the Measurements function hard key.

– Press the Power vs. Time (Frame) soft key to activate the Power vs. time Frame measurement.

GSM/EDGE Power Versus Time (Slot)

• The GSM/EDGE Power vs. Time Slot shows:

– Single GSM/EDGE timeslot with a mask

– The rise and fall of the timeslot are the vertical signal traces within the mask

– The top flat section is the data burst.• It is very important that the rise and fall of

the timeslot falls within the mask, if there is too much variation then timeslot collisions may occur, causing degraded signal quality.

• Power versus Time (Frame) Key Strokes


– Press the Power vs. Time (Slot) soft key to activate the Power vs. time Slot measurement.

GSM/GPRS/EDGE Demodulator• GSM/GPRS/EDGE demodulator

demodulates the GSM/GPRS/EDGE signal and displays a constellation diagram showing the Phase and Amplitude vector changes in a graphical display.

• The GSM/GPRS/EDGE demodulator measurement displays:

– Phase error,– Error Vector Magnitude (EVM) - (EDGE

only)– Origin Offset (EDGE only),– Carrier to Interferer (C/I) - (EDGE only)– Modulation type– Magnitude error

• GSM and GPRS GMSK modulation• EDGE uses 8PSK modulation• GMSK modulation only has a Phase Shift

vector parameter, the constellation diagram it looks like a ring

• 8PSK modulation has both a Phase Shift and Amplitude Shift for it’s vector parameters, in the constellation diagram EDGE tends to look like a plate of spaghetti

• Demodulator Key Strokes


– Press the Demodulator soft key to activate the Demodulator measurement.

GSM/GPRS/EDGE/TDMA RF Measurements

RF Spectrum

Power vs Time Frame Demodulation Display

Power vs Time Slot with Mask

GPS

• GPS hardware – Provides location information

(longitude, latitude, altitude) for storage with traces.

– Required for high accuracy frequency error measurements when measuring Over-The-Air.

• High Accuracy measurements– Standard Accuracy: 0.3 ppm– GPS Accuracy: < 0.025 ppm – High Accuracy: < 0.025 ppm, <24 Hrs after GPS disconnect

< 0.05 ppm, <72 Hrs after GPS disconnect

Note: 3GPP standard +0.05 ppm +12 Hz – 0.05 ppm –12 Hz

GPS Info Display

Typical Performance

GPS info display

Spectrum Analyzer

• Wide Frequency Range– Specified 100 kHz to 7.1 GHz– Usable down to 9 kHz

• Low Phase Noise– -100 dBm/Hz @ 10 kHz offset

• Low Displayed Average Noise Level (DANL)– -153 dBm typical @ 1 GHz in 10 Hz RBW

• Wide Dynamic Range– >80 dB

Real Spectrum Analyzer performance without compromiseCapabilities and Specification comparable to Bench Top solutions


Spectrogram

• Applications– To find intermittent interference – To identify and locate an interferer– To measure the signal strength over time

• Measurements – Spectrogram

• Spectrogram allows engineers and technicians to identify intermittent interfering signals that cause dropped calls

• Can measure a signal down to -153 dBm • Save data up to 72 hours

– Signal Strength • Locate an interfering signal based on

signal strength– RSSI

• Measure signal strength over time• Measure the signal up to 72 hours

Signal Strength

Power Measurements

• For power measurements the BTS Master will be connected to the base station directly. (connect directly to RF out with an attenuator or use Test/Monitor connector)

• Use a 30 or 40 dB attenuator on RF output

Base Station

Transmit

Receive

BTSMaster

Power Measurements • Power Meter (base model)

– Channelized power meter• Only measure actual channel

– Based on spectrum analyzer circuitry• Calculated from real shape

– No external probe required• Pass/Fail view

– Set Pass/Fail tolerance– Easy Red or Green display

• Power Monitor (Option)– For Microwave Backhaul– Broadband power– Can measure power up to 50 GHz – Needs external detector

Power Meter

Power MonitorPower Monitor is mutually exclusive with T1/E1 option

Channel Scanner• Applications

– Measure multiple channels transmitted signals power

– Easy setup for channel equalization• Precise channel leveling improves

system performance– Easy Uplink, Downlink view

• Display– Display 20 channels power as bar graphs

or in table format– Sequential Scan– Stepped Channel Scan– Custom Scan– Uplink/Downlink Scan

• Max Hold– See Max hold of each channel– Display either current or max value

Bit Error Rate Measurements

• For T1 measurements the BTS Master will be connected to the base stations Network interface directly. (direct connect for Testing or Monitoring)

Base Station

Transmit

Receive

BTSMaster

T1/E1Network Interface

Card Channel Service Unit

Switch Center

Backhaul

Network Interface Card

T1/E1 Measurements

• Capabilities– Carrier, frame sync and pattern sync have

color LED indicators.– Frequency of the E1 or T1 carrier is

displayed – Make BERT measurements– Histogram display for fault correlation– Send Loop codes– Can listen to VF channels

• Analyzer ITU-T G.821 analysis

– Errored seconds– Severely errored seconds– Unavailable seconds– Available seconds– Error free seconds– Degraded minutes

Ch Power ( dBm)

Error/Alarm Measurements

-6.0dB

BERT

VF

Clear History

MeasurementTime

Manual

Save Results

Configuration Pattern/Loop Start/Stop

Test Mode DS1

Line Code B8ZS

Tx Clock Internal

Rx LevelTerminate

FramingESF

Payload64Kb

PatternPRBS-9

Error/Alarm Bit

Loop CodeLine Data Link

BERT

SignalFrame SyncPattern Sync

RxHAlarmsErrorsB8ZS

DS1HAlarm OnError OnLoop On

Tx

Rx = 6.5 Vpp ( 0.8 dBdsx ) Start Time = 03.00.00 - 12.31.06Elapsed Time = 3 hr 59 min 10 secMeasurement Time = Manual

PATL

-6.0dB

Results OK

Ch Power ( dBm)


-6.0dB

BERT

VF

Clear History

MeasurementTime

Manual

Save Results


Test Mode DS1

Line Code B8ZS

Tx Clock Internal

Rx LevelTerminate

FramingESF

Payload64Kb

PatternPRBS-9

Error/Alarm Bit


BERT


RxHAlarmsErrorsB8ZS


Tx

Rx = 6.5 Vpp ( 0.8 dBdsx ) Start Time = 03.00.00 - 12.31.06Elapsed Time = 3 hr 59 min 10 secMeasurement Time = Manual

PATL

-6.0dB

Results OK


DS1

AUTO


Test Mode : DS1Line Code : B8ZSTx Clock : InternalTx LBO : 0dBRx Input : TerminateFraming : ESF

Signal Setup

Test Mode DS1

Line Code B8ZS

Tx Clock Internal

Rx LevelTerminate

FramingESF

Payload1.544Mb

PatternPRBS-23

Error/Alarm Bit



RxHAlarmsErrorsB8ZS


Tx


DS1

AUTO


Test Mode : DS1Line Code : B8ZSTx Clock : InternalTx LBO : 0dBRx Input : TerminateFraming : ESF

Signal Setup

Test Mode DS1

Line Code B8ZS

Tx Clock Internal

Rx LevelTerminate

FramingESF

Payload1.544Mb

PatternPRBS-23

Error/Alarm Bit



RxHAlarmsErrorsB8ZS


Tx

PC and LAN connectivity

• The MT8222A includes the Master Software Tool program for management of all results on the PC

• The BTS Master has both USB and Ethernet connectivity easy retrieval of results data

• The Flash Memory Card (included) can store 64Mbyte of data

Base Station

Transmit

Receive

BTSMaster

Master Software Tools 1• Easy access to traces/results

– 2000 plus stored results in instrument• The user can

– View multiple traces/results– Zoom into a trace in both amplitude and

frequency– Overlay traces on one graph– Save traces/results on computer

• GPS support with maps– Requires Microsoft Map point program– View Map with GPS info and Data

• Report Feature– All the measurement parameters are listed– Export graphic files for use in other programs– Export text data files for use in spreadsheets– Print graphs on any local or network printer

Master Software Tools 2• All editors are combined

– Signal standard Editor, – Antenna table Editor, – Cable table Editor, – Language Editor, 7 standard plus 2 custom– Pass/Fail Editor for Test model set-ups – All editors allow editing and upload into the

instrument• Installation options for:

– Users Guide, Programming Manual, App. notes, Copy of current firmware version, Measurement conversion utility, Remote Access tool, Dot Net Framework

• Integrated codeloader with automatic web updates

– Under Tools, webupdate

Documents

Anritsu BTS Master Training (MT8222A)