ANNUAL STATUS OF EDUCATION REPORT 2011Khyber Pakhtunkhwa & FATA

National Launch in Islamabad: January 26, 2012Provincial Launch in Peshawar: February 8, 2012

ASER PAKISTAN 2010-2015

ASER - The Annual Status of Education Report (ASER) is a citizen led large scale national household survey about the quality of education in rural and some urban areas of Pakistan. Inspired by the ASER India & East Africa UWEZO methodology it seeks to fill a gap on learning outcomes by providing a reliable set of data at the national level on an annual basis, that is comprehensive and easy to understand. The survey’s objectives are three fold: To get reliable estimates of the status of children’s schooling and basic

learning (reading and arithmetic level) To measure the change in these basic learning and school statistics from

last year To interpret these results and use them to affect policy decisions at

various levels.

Scale & Scope of Survey

Coverage : In all five provinces i.e. Sindh, Balochistan, Punjab, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Gilgit Baltistan, and FATA & AJK.- Rural

Phase I : Year I 2010 – 32 districts across Pakistan Phase II: Year II 2011 – 85 districts across Pakistan (84 Rural + 3 Urban /2

overlap with rural districts)Phase III : Years III, IV , V all districts across Pakistan (138 districts) Sample: 600 households per district. Two-stage stratified sample; 30 Villages will be selected randomly using the village directory of the

latest Census. The Probability Proportional to Size Sampling (PPS) technique will be adopted as an appropriate one when the sampling units are of different sizes. 20 households per village (quadrants) 5 from each Nuances between public and private schools. In each village profile 1 govt. and 1 private school- Gender disaggregated data

ASER Pakistan Assessment Tools Grade IIASER Assessment tools are prepared in following Categories•Reading

Urdu Sindhi Language

•Arithmetic abilities•English

Section I : Scale of Survey

ASER 2011

ASER 2011

KP: 419 Villages & 36 Blocks, 8706 Household, 25301 Children, 9326 Mothers and 445 Govt School & 290 Pvt School surveyed

FATA: 60 Villages, 1200 HH, 4508 Children, 1555 Mothers and 50 Gov schools & 24 Pvt schools surveyed

Scale:• Pilot Year in 2008 – 11 districts • 2010 – 32 districts• 2011 – 85 districts, 84 rural and 3 urban.

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa• 4 districts in 2010 • 14 districts in 2011 Peshawar Urban was also surveyed for the first time

FATA• 2 Agencies in 2011

14 Districts were surveyed in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.

The districts with * were surveyed in 2010 as well.

Section II : Access?

Enrollment (6-16 years) - KP 85% of 6-16 year olds in rural Punjab are enrolled in schools15% children are out of schoolRural Peshawar enrollment in Govt schools (50%) is greater than Urban Peshawar (28%)28% Rural children enrolled in private/ non-state sector Peshawar (Urban) 72% children enrolled in private sector

Enrollment for boys higher as compared to girls in all provinces Difference most significant in FATA! Boys enrolment (65%) nearly double that of girls (35%) in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.

Inter-province Comparison Enrollment

District Wise Enrollment - KP Among the 14 Districts surveyed, Tank has the highest number of out-of-school children (24%), followed by Charsada.Swat has the lowest number of out-of-school children (4.4%)

Enrollment decreases sharply as class level increases

Class Wise Enrollment

KP FATA

Gender difference for out of school children very significant in KP and FATA for this age 6-10 years

Action : Important to ensure that mainstreamed children, especially girls, are sustained in school over time.

Out of school Children

FATAKP

Enrollment - Urban

KARACHI LAHORE PESHAWAR

Gender Gap highest in Peshawar compared to Lahore & Karachi

Boys Girls Boys GirlsGovt

SchoolPvt School

-

20

40

60

80

100

55.3 44.7

50.6 49.4

Enrollment by Gender and Type of School

% C

hild

ren

Boys Girls Boys GirlsGovt School Pvt School

-

20

40

60

80

100

66.3

33.7

64.3

35.7

Enrollment by Gender and Type of School

% C

hild

ren

Boys Girls Boys GirlsGovt School Pvt School

-

20

40

60

80

100

36.8

63.2 52.6

47.4

Enrollment by Gender and Type of School

% C

hild

ren

Pre-School Enrollment - KP

Enrollment of children of 3 - 5 years 45.2% in 2011 in KP Enrollment lowest in Peshawar Urban (41%) compared to Karachi and Lahore Urban (69% and 59% respectively)

Action : Early years need the best investment – the foundation years

for future learning. Special attention and resources needed to increase enrollment with trained

teachers and safe learning environment .

Section III : Quality?

Learning levels – Urdu

ASER tools are created after analyzing textbooks

Std 2 level text

As compared to other provinces, KP has the Lowest level of learning for Class 5 Urdu

Leaning levels – English

Almost 64% children in KP and 65% in FATA may complete primary without learning to read sentences at grade II competencies

Std 2 level text

Basic Arithmetic levels

Almost 71% children in KP and 72% in FATA may complete primary without learning how to do division at grade II competencies

Std 2 level

Learning levels – Urdu - KP Swat ranks highest in URDU Reading Levels, but 2nd last in case of Arithmetic.

Bannu consistently comes last in terms of learning levels in URDU, ENGLISH and ARITHMETIC .

The consistently better districts in all three subjects include D. I. KhanMardan

The consistently worse districts include Peshawar Batagram

Learning levels – Public vs. Private KP

Reading levels better in Private schools for both English and Urdu

0

20

40

60

80

31.4 27.8 26.4

45.1 43.8 38.6

Arithmetic Levels in Govt. and Pvt. Schools

Government Private

% C

hil

dre

n

Almost 42% of the children in Government schools and 65% of children in private schools may complete primary without learning how to read fluently in English at grade II competencies

72% children in government and 58% children in private schools in class 5 are still unable to read a class 2 level Urdu text

Almost 68% of the children in Government schools and 58% of children in private schools may complete primary without learning how to read fluently in English at grade II competencies

74% children in government and 61% children in private schools are still unable to do Class 2 level division

Learning levels – Public vs. Private FATA

Reading levels better in Private schools for both English and Urdu

Almost 42% of the children in Government schools and 65% of children in private schools may complete primary without learning how to read fluently in English at grade II competencies

70% children in government and 58% children in private schools in class 5 are still unable to read a class 2 level Urdu text

Almost 76% of the children in Government schools and 50% of children in private schools may complete primary without learning how to read fluently in English at grade II competencies

81% children in government and 56% children in private schools are still unable to do Class 2 level division

Learning levels – Boys vs. Girls - KP

Reading levels better for boys in Urdu, English and Arithmetic

-

20

40

60

27.3 36.8

Learning Levels - Arithmetic by

Gender

-

20

40

60

31.8 42.3

Learning Level - Eng-lish by Gender

-

20

40

60

26.1 35.6

Learning Level - Urdu by Gender

Learning levels Boys vs. Girls - FATA

Reading levels better for boys in Urdu, English and Arithmetic

Learning Levels for Out of School Children

• 5.4% of out-of-school children could read a sentence in Urdu In KP and 3 % in FATA.

Section IV : Private Supplementary Tuition?

Additional learning support FATA has highest tuition for children in private schools (46.8%)

Rural

Section V : Attendance?

Students “attendance as per register” higher compared to “attendance as per headcount” – faulty registering?

Teachers attendance lowest at the Primary level –80.8% in Government schools and 85.1% in Private schools ;

Overall better attendance in Private sector

Attendance- KP

Teachers attendance lowest at the Primary level – 78% in Government schools and 76% in Private schools ;

Overall better attendance in Private sector

Attendance- FATA

Section VI : Other dimensions that influence teaching and learning?

Mother’s Literacy Percentage of Illiterate mothers:

72% in Rural KP.

87% in Rural FATA!

As compared to Urban Lahore and Karachi, Urban Peshawar has the highest % of illiterate mothers (39%)

Basic Facilities – Toilet and Water

FATA ranks lowest in provision of clean water (28%) in primary schools!

Useable Water

Useable Toilet

58.9

51.6

84.7

80.6

Toilet and Water Facility Primary School in KP

Pvt. Govt.

Useable Water

Useable Toilets

28.1

25.0

100.0

33.3

Toilet and Water Facility Primary School in FATA

Pvt. Govt.

KP FATA

Basic Facilities – Playground and Boundary Wall

Playground

Boundary

28.8

71.2

45.8

84.7

Playground and Boundary Wall in KP

Pvt. Govt.

Playground

Boundary

15.6

75.0

66.7

100.0

Playground and Boundary Wall in FATA

Pvt. Govt.

KP FATA

Section VII: FATA; A special case to consider Second lowest enrollment – 25.3% children out of school Lowest girls enrollment – only 22% Highest % of out of school girls 6-10 years of age when compared to boys (8.5% girls compared to 4.2 % boys) Worst girls enrollment even in Private schools – 14.2% Highest incidence of tuition in Private schools! – 46.8% Lowest rank in Urdu Learning level – 24.4% can read story Second lowest rank for English and Arithmetic learning (18.3% can read sentences and 15.9% can do division) Lowest level of mother’s literacy – 12.8% Lowest in provision of clean water (28%), third lowest in provision of usable toilets (25%) in primary schools

Section VIII: How far have we come on RTE compliance?

Article 25 A : “The state shall provide free and compulsory education to all children of the age of five to sixteen

years in such a manner as may be determined by Law”

How can ASER 2011 inform the planning, resourcing and implementation of 25 A? ASER can help assess education with respect to:AccessQualityEquity

Planning according to district based assessmentUse of ASER data and teams for advocacy on Right to Education – focusing on gender & the excluded groups Forming District RTE Committees (DRCs) across the country and working with other coalitions/alliances/media, teachers and bar associations.

For more information visit: www.aserpakistan.org

Email: safedafed@gmail.com