Annual Scientific Conference and Annual General Meeting of the … · Proceeding of the Annual scientific conference of the ECVPH 2018 Proceedings of the Annual Scientific Conference

ProceedingoftheAnnualscientificconferenceoftheECVPH2018

AnnualScientificConferenceandAnnualGeneralMeetingofthe

EuropeanCollegeofVeterinaryPublicHealth

"FadingoftheHACCPafterfourdecades:newtrendsinVPHforfoodsafety"

Perugia,17th–19thOctober2018


ProceedingsoftheAnnualScientificConferenceandtheAnnualGeneralMeetingoftheEuropeanCollegeofVeterinaryPublicHealth,17-19October2018,UniversityofPerugia,ItalyEditors:BeniaminoCenciGogaandMariaFrancescaIulietto©Contentoftheproceedings:EuropeanCollegeofVeterinaryPublicHealth–Proceedingsoftheannualscientificconference2018|Perugia,ItalyAllrightsreserved.No parts of these proceedings may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic ormechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any other information storage or retrieval system, withoutpermissioninwritingfromtheEuropeanCollegeofVeterinaryPublicHealth


3

TableofContentsProgramme 6

Presidentialforeword 10

Organisersforeword 11

ScientificCommittee 12

OrganisingCommittee 12

Sponsors 13

Underthepatronage 14

Abstracts 15

Keynotelectures 16

Keynotelecture1-HACCP,whywehaveitandwhatweuseitfor 16

Keynotelecture2-Foodsafetyinmilitaryoperation 18

Keynotelecture3-TheEuropeanFoodSafetyAuthority’sriskassessmentofvector-bornediseases:anexamplefocusingontheriskofmosquito-borneviruses. 19

Keynotelecture4-Controlofbrucellosis:thelessonlearntaftereradicationcampaignsinlessdevelopedcountries 20

Workshops 21

Workshop1-Thequantitativeoutcomesofa«onehealth»approachtostudyglobalhealthchallenges:ajointresidencyproject 21

Workshop2:Scienceandpolicy:someexamples 22

Workshop3-Bigdataanalysisinveterinarypublichealth:fromsequenceanalysistoriskassessment 23

Challengesession 24

Thecontroversialtopicofrawmilkproductionanduse 24

1.Canrawmilkbesafe?Riskanalysisandmanagementplansforrawmilkdairyfarms 24

2.Allergypreventionbyrawcow’smilk-Epidemiologicalevidenceandpossibleinvolvedmechanisms 24

3.Quantitativeassessmentofexposuretomilkpathogens 25

Posterabstracts 26

P1:Evaluationoftheeffectsofcattlehidetreatmentwithaqueousshellacsolutionsonmicrobialstatusofbeefmeat 26

P2:ComparativeepidemiologyofE.coliresistancetothird-generationcephalosporinsindiseasedfood-producinganimals 28

P3:ExperimentalinoculationofcalveswithEHECO157:H7MC2strainisolatedfromcattle 30

P4:OuterMembraneVesiclesofenterohemorrhagicEscherichiacoliO80:H2altertheautophagyfluxandcreateaninflammatorystateinhumanhostcells 31


4

P5:PrevalenceofcarriageofEHECserotypesO26:H11,O45:H2,O103:H2,O111:H8,O121:H19,O145:H28andO157:H7,amongslaughteredvealcalvesinFrance 33

P6:AntimicrobialresistancedeterminantsinSalmonellaisolatesfromswine 34

P7:BiosecurityandantimicrobialusageinswinefarmsinSpain 35

P8:StudyonthegrowthandenterotoxinproductionbyStaphylococcusaureusspikedincannedmeat 36

P9:Livestock-relatedmicrobialairpollutionatresidentiallevel:spatiotemporalvariationofconcentrationsinambientairandassociatedlivestock-relatedcharacteristics 37

P10:DefiningtheEvolutionarySpaceandModeofFoot-and-MouthDiseaseVirusLineagesEmergence 39

P11:Associationbetweenwithin-herdseroprevalenceandriskfactorsforToxoplasmagondiiinfatteningpigsintheNetherlands 40

P12:CharacterizationofE.colistrainsisolatedduringHACCPprocedureinmeatplants 41

P13:Anisakisspp.larvaeinmarketedproductsmadeofherring(Clupeaharengus) 42

P14:DeterminationofOchratoxinAinEuropeanseabassandGiltheadseabreamfarmedinItaly 43

P15:AntimicrobialresistanceofStaphylococcusaureusstrainsisolatedfromsometraditionalmilkandmeatproductsinKosovo 44

P16:RelativeriskassessmentofListeriamonocytogenesinaready-to-eatchickensaladusingachallengetestaftercoldstress 46

P17:Antibioticresistancegenesinhoneybees(Apismelliferaligustica)fromUmbria-Italy 47

P18:Currentpracticesinpigmeatinspection:effectsonthedetectionofdiseasesoflowpublichealthimpact 48

P19:Housecricketsmall-scalefarming:onsitemonitoringofmicrobiallevels 49

P20:Foodbusinessoperators’opinionsondisclosedfoodsafetyinspections 50

P21:ChallengesinorganizingpracticalmeatinspectiontrainingofveterinarystudentsinFinland 51

P22:Inter-sectorialrankingofantimicrobialresistancetransmissionpathwaysrelevanttoconsumers 52

P23:EconomicassessmentofpolicyoptionstoreduceantibioticprescribinginvealcalfproductioninSwitzerland 53

P24:FullMoon,oranyotherlunarphase,isnotassociatedwithahigherbirthrateincattle54

P25:IsSonoSteamthesolutioninthefightagainstCampylobacter? 55

P26:PopulationstructureandvirulencegeneprofilesofStreptococcusagalactiaecollectedfromdifferenthostsworldwide 56

P27:Aujeszky´sDiseaseViruscirculatinginwildboarpopulationsoftheIberianPeninsula 58

P28:LowhealthliteracyaboutdirofilariasisinacommunityfromanendemicregionfromPortugal 59


5

P29:HighprevalenceofpotentiallyzoonoticToxocaracatiincatsfromthenorthandcentreofPortugal 60

P30:UpdateonVPH-focussedveterinaryschoolinHongKong 61

P31:Man-imal:AnexperimentalOneHealthdegreeprogram 62

P32:DevelopmentofalocalriskmapforAfricanSwineFeverinGermany 64

P33:BlaBlablacksheep,haveyouanyAMR? 65

P34:Utilisingsocialmediaasanadjuncttotraditionalzoonoticsurveillancesystems.Acasestudy:LymediseaseanddogsintheUKandIreland 66

P35:FasciolagiganticainslaughteredcattleinCapeVerde:Flukegeneticidentificationandcoprologicalanalysis 68

P36:GastrointestinalparasitesandTrichinellaspp.inwildcarnivoresfromPortugal 70

P37:Challengestothediagnosisofruminants’hydatidosisduringmeatinspectionanditsimportancefordiseasecontrol 72

P38:Potentialuseofalpha-1-acidglycoproteinasabiomarkeroffebrileassociateddarkcarcassesinslaughteredpoultry 74

Listofparticipants(updatedonOctober2nd2018) 76


6

ProgrammeDay-1Wednesday17thOctoberWhere:UniversityofPerugia,Rettorato,PiazzaUniversità1,06123Perugia16,00–17,00 ErasmuswelcomeDayIUniversityChoirandwelcomeaddressfromthe

Chancellor(Universityauditorium)

16,00–19,00 ECVPHCouncilmeeting(RoomV)

17,30–19,00 Residentsmeeting(RoomVII)

Where:ADISUBarVillage,ViaFrancescoInnamorati6,06123Perugia From19,30 WelcomeeveningattheBarVillageofUniversityofPerugia

DiplomatesinteractionwithlocalErasmuscoordinators


7

Day-2Thursday18thOctoberWhere:HotelGiòJazzandWineArea,viaR.D’Andreotto19,06124Perugia8,00–9,00 Conferenceregistrationand«registrazioneECM»

9,00–9,15 Welcomeandopeningaddresses

ChairEdVanKlink,UniversityofBristol,UK

9,15–10,00 Keynotelecture1

•PavelBystrický-Universityofveterinarymedicineandpharmacy,Košice,SKHACCP,whywehaveitandwhatweuseitfor10,00–10,45 Keynotelecture2

•SimoneSiena,ItalianarmyFoodsafetyinmilitaryoperation10,45–11,15 Coffeebreak,posterviewingChairLisaBoden,UniversityofEdinburgh,UKOpensession-residentsselectedoralpresentations11.15–11.25 AfrimHamidi–AntimicrobialresistanceofStaphylococcusaureusstrains

isolatedfromsometraditionalmilkandmeatproductsinKosovo–P1511.25–11.35 AnaïsLéger-Economicassessmentofpolicyoptionstoreduceantibiotic

prescribinginvealcalfproductioninSwitzerland–P2311.35–11.45 DorienEppink-Associationbetweenwithin-herdseroprevalenceandrisk

factorsforToxoplasmagondiiinfatteningpigsintheNetherlands–P1111.45–11.55 JohnTulloch-Utilisingsocialmediaasanadjuncttotraditionalzoonotic

surveillancesystems.Acasestudy:LymediseaseanddogsintheUKandIreland-P34

ChairLenLipman,UtrechtUniversity,NL

12,00–12,45 Keynotelecture3

•SofieDhollander,Europeanfoodsafetyauthority,Parma,ITEFSA’sriskassessmentonvectorbornediseases12,45–13,30 Lunch


8

ChairBeniaminoCenciGoga,UniversityofPerugia,IT

13,30–16,30 Workshopsinthreeparallelinteractivesessions

Workshop#1: LauraFalzon,UniversityofLiverpoolThequantitativeoutcomesofa«onehealth»approachtostudyglobalhealthchallenges:ajointresidencyproject

Workshop#2: EdVanKlink,UniversityofBristol,UKScienceandpolicy:someexamples

Workshop#3:

FriederikeHilbert,UniversityofVeterinaryMedicine,Vienna,ATBigdataanalysisinveterinarypublichealth:fromsequenceanalysistoriskassessment

16,30–17,00 Coffeebreak,posterviewing

17,00–18,00 AnnualGeneralMeetingoftheECVPH

From19,00

Departurefromtheconferencevenuebybus.ConferencedinneratLadolcevitarestaurant


9

Day-3Friday19thOctober

Where:HotelGiòJazzandWineArea,viaR.D’Andreotto19,06124Perugia

08,00–09,00 ECVPHCouncilMeeting

ChairKurtHouf,GhentUniversity,BE

9,00–11,00 Challengesession-Thecontroversialtopicofrawmilkproductionanduse

•AnnaCatharinaBerge,Bergeveterinaryconsulting,BECanrawmilkbesafe?Riskanalysisandmanagementplansforrawmilkdairyfarms•AgnesWold,UniversityofGothenburhg,S.Allergypreventionbyrawcow’smilk-Epidemiologicalevidenceandpossibleinvolvedmechanisms•GiorgioVarisco,IstitutozooprofilatticosperimentaledellaLombardiaedell’EmiliaRomagna,ITQuantitativeassessmentofexposuretomilkpathogens

11,00–11,30 Coffeebreak,posterviewing

ChairGertyVanantwerpen,DGZ,Ghent,BEOpensession-residentsselectedoralpresentations11,30–11,40 LisaGuardone-Anisakisspp.larvaeinmarketedproductsmadeofherring

(Clupeaharengus)–P1311.40–11,50 MyrnadeRooij-Livestock-relatedmicrobialairpollutionatresidentiallevel:

spatiotemporalvariationofconcentrationsinambientairandassociatedlivestock-relatedcharacteristics–P9

11.50–12-00 RiikkaLaukkanen-Ninios-ChallengesinorganizingpracticalmeatinspectiontrainingofveterinarystudentsinFinland–P21

ChairEdVanKlink,UniversityofBristol,UK12,00–13,00 Keynotelecture4

•CherylMEMcCrindleFacultyofhealthsciences,UniversityofPretoria,SouthAfricaControlofbrucellosis:thelessonlearntaftereradicationcampaignsinlessdevelopedcountries

13,00–13,30 Posterprize-Presentationofthenextyear’svenue-Closingsession-«TestfinaleECM»

13,30–14,30 Lunchanddeparture


10

Presidentialforeword

DearDiplomates,Residents,guestsandcolleagues,

ItiswithgreatpleasurethatIwelcomeyoutotheannualconferenceoftheEuropeanCollegeofVeterinaryPublicHealthinPerugia.OneoftheoldestuniversitiesofEurope,foundedinthe14thcentury, is based in Perugia. The university has a strong veterinary school, and this year theschool’sfoodsciencegroupisourhostforourannualconference.Iamlookingforwardtomeetingyouandenjoywithyouthescientificprogramme.OfcoursetheAnnualGeneralMeeting(AGM)willalsotakeplace;youropportunitytodiscussallaffairsoftheCollege.IfyouareaDiplomate,IwouldstronglyliketorecommendthatyoutakepartintheAGM.

Therewill alsobeampleopportunities tomeet sociallyand informally. I look forward to seeingmanyofyouandhavingtheopportunitytospeakwithyou.AparticularwordofwelcometoourResidents, the futureofour college.Grab theopportunity to forgeor refresh connectionsbothwithfellowResidentsandDiplomates.Theseedsoffuturecollaborationscanoftenbeplantedattheseconferences.

Iwouldliketoendwithapleaandarecommendationinone.OurCollegeisrunbyitsmembers.TherearemanydifferentrolesinwhichpeoplecouldcontributetotherunningoftheCollege.WehavecommitteesliketheEducationCommitteeandtheCredentialsCommittee,workingveryhardtomanagethecoredutyoftheCollege,theeducationofnewDiplomatesandtheaccreditationofnewandexistingDiplomates, but there are also several other positionswithin theCollege thatrequireinputfromthemembership.Theseincludeexaminationteams,assessmentteamsforthequestionsdatabaseandseveralotheroptions. Ifyouare interestedtoactivelycontributetotheCollege,pleasespeak tooneof theCouncilmembers. Ifanything, itwillgiveyousatisfactionaswellaspointsforyourreaccreditation!

EdvanKlink

PresidentoftheEuropeanCollegeofVeterinaryPublicHealth


11

Organisersforeword

Perugiawas foundedby theUmbrian andbetween theVI and theV centuryBeforeChristwaspopulatedbytheEtruscans,inexpansiontowardstheTyrrhenianSea.Itistransmittedthatafterthe tragic defeat suffered by the Romans at Lake Trasimeno, they took refuge in Perugia andincreasedtheirpopulation.After the fallof theRomanEmpirePerugia, likemanyothercities incentral Italy suffered the barbarian invasions. Later, Perugia accepted the protection of thePontiffs, but not the lordship. Otherwise, they ruled Perugia until 1859, when inhabitants ofPerugiaexpelledthepapallegateandestablishedaprovisionalRegencyCommittee.PiusIXtroopsresumedthePope’scontrol,butayear later,onSeptember14th1860,thepeoplefromPerugiajoinedtherestofItaly.

LocatednorthofRome, incentral Italy,Perugiaoffersall theadvantagesofa largecitywithoutsharingmetropolitanproblems: there isanairport thatcanbe reached in less than20minutes,trafficisnotintenseandthesearchforparkingisnotspasmodicasinthemetropolis,thanksalsoto a modern Minimetro. A mobile escalator system connects car parks to the city center.CharacteristicisthepathoftheescalatorsinsidetheRoccaPaolina,afortressbuiltbetween1540and1543bythewillofPopePaulIIIand,until1860,asymbolofpapalpoweroverthecity.Thevariousfacultiesareclosetothecitycenter,andalsototheUniversityofPerugia,foundedin1308withthepapalbullofPopeClementV,followedin1355bytheDiplomasofEmperorCharlesIV:Perugia is a university campus in all respects. Perugia is also home to the oldest and mostprestigiousUniversityforforeigners.Ontheoutskirts,wellservedbypublictransport,istheareaof Pian diMassianowhere, in addition to the stadium and the sport palace, there are joggingtracks,skatingrinks,slopesbicyclesandbasketballfields.Forloversofcitylife,CorsoVannucciisameeting place and the city centre offers art places, such as the National Gallery of Umbria,established in the second half of the 16th century, and leisure like the Morlacchi theater,inauguratedin1781.

TheECVPHAnnualScientificConferenceandAGM2018therefore,willbepartofacontextthathas alwaysbeena stageof theperfectblendof scienceand culture. Theorganizing committeehopes that event in this opportunity will enable the participation of qualified speakers, all ofinternationallyrenowned,toofferideasandstimulitotheparticipants.

We like to saluteyouwitha sentencebyBarnabasSuebu,governorof the IndonesianprovincePapuauntil2011and“HerooftheEnvironment”fortheTimesmagazinein2007:

“Thinkbig,startsmall,actnow“

BeniaminoCenciGoga&MariaFrancescaIuliettoLocalorganizingcommittee


12

ScientificCommitteeEdvanKlink,SchoolofVeterinaryScience,UniversityofBristol,UnitedKingdomJeroen Dewulf, Department of Reproduction Obstetrics and Herd Health, Ghent University,BelgiumSøren Saxmose Nielsen, Section of Animal Welfare and Disease Control, University ofCopenhagen,DenmarkKurtHouf,DepartmentofVeterinaryPublicHealthandFoodSafety,GhentUniversity,BelgiumEleni Iosifidou, Department of Hygiene and Technology of Food of Animal Origin, AristotleUniversityofThessaloniki,GreeceLisaBoden,EPIC-CentreofExpertiseonAnimalDiseaseOutbreaks,UniversityofGlasgow,UnitedKingdomBojanBlagojevic,DepartmentofVeterinaryMedicine,UniversityofNoviSad,SerbiaLenLipman,InstituteforRiskAssessmentSciences,Utrecht,theNetherlandsGertyVanantwerpen,DierengezondheidszorgVlaanderen,BelgiumAndreasWunsch,VeterinaryFoodSafetyExpert,FSTraining&Consultancy,Austria

OrganisingCommitteeCoordinatorsBeniaminoCenciGoga,DepartmentofVeterinaryMedicine,UniversityofPerugia,ITMariaFrancescaIulietto,DepartmentofVeterinaryMedicine,UniversityofPerugia,ITMembersAnnaGiovannaFermani,ASLLatina,ITCaterinaMonaco,USLUmbria2,ITFabrizioSantini,ASLRoma4,ITFrancoMarioIulietto,AuslToscanaSudEst,ITLucaBudelli,USLUmbria1,Perugia,ITLucaGrispoldi,DepartmentofVeterinaryMedicine,UniversityofPerugia,ITLudovicoRenda,Expertinfarmanimalnutrition,Perugia,ITMargheritaCeccarelli,DepartmentofVeterinaryMedicine,UniversityofPerugia,ITPaolaSechi,DepartmentofVeterinaryMedicine,UniversityofPerugia,ITPietroTuccini,USLUmbria2,IT


13

Sponsors


14

Underthepatronage


15

Abstracts


16

Keynotelectures

Keynotelecture1-HACCP,whywehaveitandwhatweuseitforPavelBystrickýUniversityofveterinarymedicineandpharmacy,Košice,SKAfter many years since its legal enforcement, HACCP is to be considered as a natural part oforganizingthingsatfoodproduction.ItwasdesignedtoextendtheGMPsandpro-activelycontrolpossiblefoodbornehazardssothattheywouldnotreachconsumers.Practisehadshowntobeaneffectivetooltouse.Europeanlegislatorsdecidedthat“Foodbusinessoperatorsshallputinplace,implementandmaintainapermanentprocedureorproceduresbasedontheHACCPprinciples“oruse„guidestogoodpracticeforhygiene“toboth increasefoodsafetyandrelievefinancial loadnecessary for controlof thehygienecontrol.At that timeonlya smallnumberofexperts reallyunderstoodthesystemandmany,especiallymiddleandlowthroughputproducerswereshortofknowledgeandexperience.Expertiselevelatthecontrollingauthoritiessidewassimilar.Despitealltheodds,HACCPwasimplementedandtheimplementationcheckedascomplete.Theanswerforthequestion“whywehaveit”istherefore“becausethegovernmentdecidedso”.

However,enforcementof theHACCPdidnotendthere.The legislatorsdecidedtoregulatealsotheHACCPevolutionandissuedspecificCCPstobedulyestablished(e.g.Reg.853/2004)andlotsoflimitstobefollowed(e.g.microbiological,chemical).BoththecompulsoryCCPsandthelimitshaveimpactonthe(HACCP)system:FBOshadbeenlimitedinimaginationwithpossibleslowingeffectintechnologydevelopmentandthecontrollingauthoritiesenjoysomePouStousthatmakeiteasiertoconcludewhetherthelawisfollowed.AfterclarifyingsomemattersbothFBOsandthecontrolling authorise settled the relations and the statistics showed noticeable improvement inpublichealth.Theanswerforthequestion“whatweuseitfor”shouldthereforebe“toimprovethepublichealth”.

It is not that straightforward, however.After establishing theHACCP, there are someevolutiontraitstobeobserved.Firstly,duetoformalrevisions(frequentlybecauseofeconomicalpressure)or convenient “not noticing possible hazards” it loses its preventive effect and shifts into thepositionofretroactiveGMPatmanyplaces.Astheonsetoffoodborneproblemsisnotimmediate,thisshiftstaysofteneithernotnotedor ignoredbythecontrollingauthoritiesandmajorfailuremaybepredicted(andobserved,e.g.asleaksofuncontrolledmeatintofood).Thesecondtraitispossiblenegativeeffectoflong-termprotectionofconsumersfromfood-bornehazards.E.g.needto complywith themicrobiological criteria often leads to devitalization ofwhatwe call naturalmicroflora and thus flow of information to the immune system and consequent errors inimmunological responses. Consumersmay have health problemswhen they eat “safe” food indistant regions (e.g. holidays) or enter different population group (e.g. enrol school) as theirimmunesystemdoesnothaveproper informationand reactby readying forgottendefences. Inlong term, the immune system without anything to fight starts to be engaged with what isavailable,i.e.ownbody.Weseeitasincreaseofautoimmunediseaseswithinthepopulation.

It may be concluded that the HACCP system is obviously functional in respect of protectingconsumers from food-borne hazards. Theworld around is not static, however, and the system


17

mustobserveit.Whatispossiblythemostslowingitsresponseisthe“hazardcommunication”aspartofthehazardanalysisprinciple.Alltheparties(producers,controllingauthorities,consumers)areinvolvedandshouldprovidetheirrelevantdataonthefly,notasyearlystatisticalreportsorevenconcealthemonthebasisthatitis“notgoodforbusiness”.Also,thesystemwouldbenefitifthelegislativeresponsetoalreadyrecognisedproblemisfaster.


18

Keynotelecture2-FoodsafetyinmilitaryoperationSimoneSienaItalianarmyMilitary operations are conducted in different environments and situations in which, often,hygieneconditionsarecriticalincomparisonwithnationallevelofsafety.Forcehealthprotectionisapriorityinordertoguaranteethemaximumoperationalcapabilityofpersonnel.Foodsafetyisoneofthemostimportantmeasureswithinforcehealthprotection.ThepresentationgivessomeexamplesaboutNATOstandardizedprocedures,particularlyorientedtoensurethequalityoffoodprocessorsandfoodsuppliersduringallfieldoperations,toprovideatemplateforauditreportsforbothfoodsuppliersandfoodproducersandtoestablishminimumrequirementsforfoodproductionfacilitiesintermsofsafety,sanitationandfoodquality.


19

Keynotelecture3-TheEuropeanFoodSafetyAuthority’sriskassessmentofvector-bornediseases.Anexamplefocusingontheriskofmosquito-borneviruses.Dhollander Sofie,Beltran-BeckBeatriz,BicoutDominique,CzwienczekEwelina,DeKoeijerAline,DeVos Clazien,GoginAndrey,MirandaMiguel Angel, ThulkeHans-Hermann and Stegeman JanArend.Europeanfoodsafetyauthority,Parma,ITGlobalisation, extreme weather events attributable to climate change, social and politicalinstability,changesinlandscapeuseormanagementareallpotentialdriversfortheintroductionofpathogens inpreviouslyfreeregions.Vector-bornediseases,withtheircomplexepidemiologybeingtheresultofadelicateinteractionbetweenvectors,hostsandpathogens,areamongstthemost complex diseases to prevent and control. Their potential impact on plant, animal and/orpublichealth,tradeorenvironmentjustifyeffortstopredicttheirriskandimprovepreparedness.The European Food Safety Authority has an important role in supporting risk managers toeffectively increase preparedness for emerging diseases. In this study, a previously developedMethodfor INTegratedRISKassessment(MINTRISK)developedwasusedtoassessandcomparethepossiblerateofintroductionof14exoticmosquito-bornediseases(MBDs)intotheEuropeanUnion.Adetailedmethodologywasdevelopedtointegrateexistingdatabasesintheassessment,thusmaking theassessmentdata-drivenandquantitativewherepossible.However,whereonlyexpertopinionwasavailable,guidelineswereused tomakequalitativeassessments repeatable.Theassessmentresultedinacharacterisationof14MBDscontaininganassessmentoftheirglobaloccurrence,therateofentry,probabilityoftransmissionandestablishment.Thesestepsresultedin a first assessment of the overall rate of introduction of the MBDs that is comparable andupdatable and pointed out diseases with an annual rate of introduction such as Bunyamweravirus,VesicularstomatitisvirusandEasternequineencephalitisvirus,whichwasmore than lowandcouldmeritamorein-depthanalysis.


20

Keynotelecture4-Controlofbrucellosis:thelessonlearntaftereradicationcampaignsinlessdevelopedcountries

CherylMEMcCrindleFacultyofhealthsciences,UniversityofPretoria,SouthAfricaBovinebrucellosis isan importantoccupationalzoonosis fordairyandbeefproducersaswellasveterinarians and abattoir workers, causing fever, joint pains, urogenital symptoms and severechronicdisability. Research intobovinebrucellosis inAfrican farming systemshas shown that itremains endemic in both humans and livestock, despiteOIE regulations and the best efforts ofveterinary services and farmers. In Africa, cattle farming systems include large and small scalecommercial dairy, dual purpose and beef production; sedentary small-scale, communal andsubsistence;aswellastranshumantdualpurpose.Mostanimals inthesesystemsareeventuallyslaughtered for food. Although brucellosis is most often transmitted to consumers throughunpasteurised dairy products; both formal and informal beef and dual purpose productionsystemspresentaveryhighriskofzoonotictransmissiontoveterinariansandfarmers,aswellasabattoirworkers.InSouthAfrica,abattoirlegislationhasalwaysbeenbasedmoreonauditingandhygiene assessment systems than HACCP, although all registered abattoirs must be HACCPcompliant. Informal slaughter for cultural purposes and home consumption is legal. Recentresearch has enabled comparative risk assessment of both formal and informal beef and dairyproductionsystems.ItappearsthatHACCPmaybeabetterwaytoestimateandreducetheriskofoccupationalexposureandzoonotictransmissionofbovinebrucellosis,duringbothinformalandformal slaughter. The research has also raised questions about environmental transmission toboth humans and livestock via effluents and fomites from infected cattle, before and duringslaughter.Keyreferences:

1. AbulGoutondjiLéopoldineES(2008)Preventingwaterpollutionbydairybyproducts.Riskassessmentandcomparison of legislation in South Africa and in Benin. Masters Dissertation. Veterinary Faculty Library,UniversityofPretoria/SouthAfrica.225p.upetd.up.ac.za.ETD_du/

2. BwalaDG,McCrindleCME,FasinaFO,IjagboneI(2015)AbattoircharacteristicsandseroprevalenceofbovinebrucellosisincattleslaughteredatBodijaMunicipalAbattoir,Ibadan,Nigeria.JournalofVeterinaryMedicineandAnimalHealth7(5):164-168(DOI:10.5897/JVMAH20150370.Articlenumber79909E052227)

3. Chaminuka P, McCrindle CME & Udo HMJ (2012) Cattle Farming at the Wildlife/Livestock Interface:AssessmentofCostsandBenefitsAdjacenttoKrugerNationalPark,SouthAfrica.Society&NaturalResources25(3)239-250Http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/08941920.2011.580417

4. Gudza-Chanetsa N (2017) Reducing the risk of occupational exposure of abattoir workers in Gauteng tobovinebrucellosis.MPHDisseration,SHSPH,FacultyofHealthSciences,UniversityofPretoria

5. IbironkeAA,McCrindle CME, FascinaO,Godfroid J (2008). Evaluation of problems and possible solutionslinkedtothesurveillanceandcontrolofbovinebrucellosis inSubSaharanAfrica,withspecialemphasisonNigeria.VeterinariaItaliana44(3)

6. MadzingiraO,McCrindleCME (2014)PrevalenceofBrucellaantibodies in sheepandspringbok (Antidorcasmarsupialis)rearedtogetherintheKarasregion,Namibia.BulletinofAnimalHealthandProductioninAfrica62(3).

7. ManotoSN(2016)VaccinationandtestingforBrucellaabortusintheNorthWestProvincefrom2009-2013.MPHDissertation,SHSPH,FacultyofHealthSciences,UniversityofPretoria.


21

Workshops

Workshop1-Thequantitativeoutcomesofa«onehealth»approachtostudyglobalhealthchallenges:ajointresidencyprojectLauraFalzon,UniversityofLiverpool,UKandIsabelLechner,SAFOSO,CHObjectives:-todescribethepreviousjointresidentproject-howitcameabout,studyfindings,andopportunitiesitcreated;-todiscussideasandtopicsforfutureresidentprojectsandtosharetipsontheresidencyexperienceoverall;DescriptionoftheworkshoptopicandthemesThetargetaudienceforthisworkshoparecurrentresidents,thoughanyoneiswelcometoattend.Wewillbrieflydescribethejointresidencyprojectweworkedon(i.e.ascopingreviewonthequantitativeoutcomesofaOneHealthapproach),describinghowtheprojectwasconceivedanddeveloped,projectfindings,andthebenefitsandopportunitiescreatedthroughsuchacollaborativework.Weshallthenopenthefloortoallparticipantstodiscussongoingcollaborativeprojects,andbrainstormideasforfutureresidentprojects.


22

Workshop2:Scienceandpolicy:someexamplesEdVanKlink,UniversityofBristol,UK;LisaBoden,UniversityofGlasgow,UK;DominicMellor,UniversityofGlasgow,UKandSimonMore,UniversityCollegeDublin,IE.ObjectivesMuchresearchinanimalhealthisdoneinthefieldofnotifiableanimaldiseaseorinsubjectsthatarehighlypoliticallysensitive.Thereoftenisnotagoodmatchbetweenwhatpolicyexpects,andwhat science can provide. As was discussed in a challenge session last year, policy often forexamplewants quick answers. It is important for scientists to knowwhere andhow theirworkmeets the requirements of the policy makers, as governments are often a major funder forresearchinourfield.DescriptionoftheworkshoptopicandthemesA few examples of policy-related research projects will be used to illustrate where difficultiesmightariserelatedtoresearchbeingconductedonbehalfofpolicymakers.Theparticipantsintheworkshopwillbeaskedtoprovidesolutionstosolvethedisconnectbetweenscientistsontheonesideandpolicymakersontheother.Severalexamplesofresearchsubjectswillbeconsideredandtheparticipantswillbeaskedtoassessthesubjectspresentedfromboththescientistangleandthepolicymakerangle.Theworkshopwillprovide theparticipantswithabetterunderstandingof the intricaciesof thepolicyrole.Understandingthepolicymakerasaclientishelpfulinimprovingallignmentbetweenwaht the clientwants andwhat the scientist can deliver, ultimately improving science – policycooperation.


23

Workshop3-Bigdataanalysisinveterinarypublichealth:fromsequenceanalysistoriskassessment

FriederikeHilbert,UniversityofVeterinaryMedicine,Vienna,ATRoswithaMerle,InstituteforVeterinaryepidemiologyandstatistics,FreieUniversitätBerlin,DE“Bigdata”hasbecomea trendyword in the last yearsbut a commondefinition is stillmissing. Nevertheless,especiallyinVeterinaryPublicHealthnewtechnologiesallowthecollectionofhugeamountsofdata,tobeextremelyusefulwhenanalysedproperlyandhereweare,discussing“BigData”andspecifictechnologyforanalysis.Wellknownexampleslikedatafromwholegenomesequencingofpathogensandtheusefulnessforrapidfoodborneoutbreakinvestigationsorpandemicdiseasecontrol,dataforqualitativeriskassessmentforvisual-onlypostmortemmeatinspection,datafromthetotalfoodchain,traceablefoodproductionandtransportormultiscaleindividualhealthdataforelectronichealthrecordsforanimalsandhumanscanbenamed.Hard- and software requirements and education to develop and apply these properly arechallenges to cope with as an individual and within the society. Interdisciplinary connectionsbetween biologists, veterinarians, bioinformatics, mathematicians, sociologists and many morearerequiredtooptimisebenefitsandtopreventmisuse.Twoexampleswillbeprovided:Analysis of whole genome sequencing data of foodborne pathogens using a novel developed(duringanEFSAfundedresearchprojectnamedINNUENDO)freelyavailabletool.Asecondexamplewill lookinsidethepredictionofproteinstructuresbasedontheiraminoacidsequenceonly,usingTet(O),aribosomalbindingproteinandanewvariantofit,recentlydetectedinCampylobacter.


24

Challengesession

Thecontroversialtopicofrawmilkproductionanduse

1.Canrawmilkbesafe?Riskanalysisandmanagementplansforrawmilkdairyfarms

AnnaCatharinaBergeBergeveterinaryconsulting,BE.Thereisaworld-wideincreasinginterestintheconsumptionofrawmilkandmilkproductspartlyduetohealthreasonssuchasreductioninallergiesandasthma,butalsofortaste,freshness,closenesstotheproducerandtosupportlocalfoodproduction.Thepasteurizationrequirementsforrawmilkaroseinthe1930’swhenthehygienicqualityandsafetyofrawmilkcouldnotbeassuredthroughmethodsand systems that we have available today. Raw milk producers in numerous countries havedemonstrated that raw milk can be extremely safe and hygienic, adopting HACCP principles andprofessional risk reduction and management plans. Proper risk assessment and management ofdedicatedrawmilkproductionsystemsareneededtoallowconsumerstochoosefoodwithdesirablequalities.

2.Allergypreventionbyrawcow’smilk-Epidemiologicalevidenceandpossibleinvolvedmechanisms

AgnesWoldUniversityofGothenburgandSahlgrenska,S.Allergy is the most common chronic disease among adolescents and young adults in affluentcountries.Theprevalenceofallergyhasrisencontinuouslyduringthe20thcentury,inparallelwitheconomicdevelopment,higherlivingstandardsandincreasedsanitation.Atopicallergycomprisesanumberofdiseases,includingatopicdermatitis(atopiceczema),hayfever(allergicrhinitis)andasthma. They are all caused by an overly aggressive immune system that reacts to innocuouscompoundspresentinthefoodandair,socalled“allergens”.Normally,foodandinhalantproteinsshould elicit physiological immune tolerance, so called oral tolerance. There is currently noeffectivemethodtopreventallergydevelopment.Theriskofbecomingallergicistoalargeextentdeterminedbythemilieusurroundingtheinfantandyoungchild.A traditional life-stylewith large familiesand frequentcontactswithanimals isassociatedwithlowriskofallergydevelopment,whilethemodernWesternlifestylecharacterizedbysmallfamiliesandlackofanimalisassociatedwithhighrisk.Childrengrowinguponsmalldairyfarmshaveparticularlylowriskofbecomingallergicandpartofthisprotectiveeffectislinkedtoconsumption of raw milk. Furthermore, consumption of raw milk by children who do notthemselves live on a farm, has been shown to exert protection against allergy development.Notably,rawmilknotonlyconfersprotectionagainstallergytocow’smilkproteins,butalsotoabroadrangeofairborneallergens,suchaspollens.Themechanismsbehindtheprotectiveeffectarecurrentlyunknown,butmayrelatetoanumberofcomponentspresentincow’smilk,suchasviable bacteria, viable immune cells and fat droplets. If a microbially safe raw milk could beproduced,wemightbeabletodevelopaneffectivepreventivetreatmentagainstallergy,ourmostcommonchronicdisease.


25

3.Quantitativeassessmentofexposuretomilkpathogens

GiorgioVarisco1,GuidoFinazzi1,PaoloDaminelli1,GiuseppeBolzoni1,MarinaNadiaLosio1.IstitutozooprofilatticosperimentaledellaLombardiaedell’EmiliaRomagna,ITDirectrawmilksellinghasbeenallowedinItalysince2004.Thepresenceofpathogenicbacteriainrawmilk has been well documented both in Europe and in USA, and the isolation rate variesconsiderablyfromstudytostudy.The main objective of this study was to estimate the risk of different pathogens, such asSalmonella,Listeriamonocytogenes,Campylobacterjejuni,E.coliVTECduetoconsumptionofrawcow’smilkpurchasedfromvendingmachineslocatedindifferentItalianregions.Thedevelopmentand implementationofdifferentquantitative riskassessment (QRA)models isonemeanstoensurefoodsafetycontrol.TheQRAconsideredthepresenceofthesepathogensindairy farms, the field handling conditions of raw milk during distribution and delivery to theconsumer,consumerhabitsandthebehaviourofpathogensthroughoutthefoodchain.Datawerecollectedfromaprevioussurveythatgatheredtogethermicrobiologicalrecordsofofficialcontrolsmonitoring raw milk samples from self service vending machine in different regions of Italyperformedbytheregionalveterinaryauthoritiesfrom2008to2011One hundred seventy-eight of 60,907 samples were positive for one of the four foodbornepathogensinvestigated:18sampleswerepositiveforSalmonella,83forL.monocytogenes,24forE.coliO157:H7,and53forC.jejuniinthesevenregionsinvestigated.Nosignificantdifferencesinprevalence were found among regions, but a significant increase in C. jejuni prevalence wasobservedovertheyearsofthestudy.Dataonconsumerhabitsrevealedthatsomebehaviorsmayenhancetheriskofinfectionlinkedtorawmilkconsumption:37%ofconsumersdidnotboilmilkbeforeconsumption,93%neverusedan insulatedbag to transport rawmilkhome, and rawmilkwas consumedby childrenyoungerthan5yearsofageTheRAmodelspredictednohumanlisteriosiscasesperyeareither inthebestorworststorageconditions and with or without boiling raw milk, whereas the annual estimated cases ofsalmonellosis depend on the dose-response relationships used in the model, the milk storageconditions,andconsumerbehaviorinrelationtoboilingrawmilkornot.Consideringfrom10,000upto20,000consumerseachyear,themodelspredictedforthebestandworststorageconditions(4°Cand12°C),respectively,2.12and1.14campylobacteriosiscasesand0.02and0.09HUScasesinthe0-to5-yearagegroupand0.1and0.5HUScasesintheover5-yearagegroupQuantitative riskassessment related to rawmilk consumption isnecessary fromapublichealthperspectiveandtheproposedRAmodelrepresentsausefulandflexibletool to performfutureRAsbasedonlocalconsumerhabitstosupportdecision-makingonsafetypolicies.Further educational programmes for rawmilk consumers or potential rawmilk consumers arerequiredtoencourageconsumerstoboilmilktoreducetheassociatedriskofillness.


26

PosterabstractsP1: Evaluation of the effects of cattle hide treatment with aqueous shellac solutions onmicrobialstatusofbeefmeatDraganAntic1,EleniMichalopoulou1,ChristianJames2,GrahamPurnell2,ManfredPenning3,MartinRose4

1University of Liverpool, United Kingdom, 2Grimsby Institute, United Kingdom, 3PennConsult, Germany, 4Jorvik FoodandEnvironmentalChemicalSafety,UnitedKingdom.BackgroundCattle hides are very significant source of microbial contamination of beef carcasses duringdehiding. Themicrobial immobilisation on cattle hides has been proposed to reducemicrobialtransmissionfromhidesontobeefcarcasses.ObjectiveThis study evaluated the effectiveness of aqueous shellac solutions (ASL) applied to hides inreducing the transferability ofmicrobiota from hide tomeat under laboratory and commercialabattoirconditions.MaterialsandMethodsVarious ASL efficacy in preventing transfer onto beef meat of aerobic bacteria (ACC),Enterobacteriaceae (EBC) naturally occurring on cattle hides and inoculated E. coli O157, wasinvestigated using direct hide-to-meat contact laboratorymodel. Hide treatment with ASL wasalso evaluated in beef abattoir where twenty clean and dry cattle were spray treated (afterbleeding,beforedehiding),overhideareawhereskin-openingcutsaremade.Theeffectsofhidecoatingwithshellacwasevaluatedbyswab-sampling fourcarcassmeatsitesafterdehidingandexaminingforACCandEBC.ResultsThereductioneffectsforASLinpreventingtransferofbacteriafromhidesontomeatinlabtrialswereupto3logsofACCand2.4logsofEBC,withaveragereductionof2logs.Thereductioneffecton microbial transfer from cattle hides onto resulting carcass meat in abattoir comparing tountreatedanimalswasondifferentcarcasssites from0.3-1.1 logforACCandfrom0-0.7 logforEBC.DiscussionandConclusionThe best properties (efficacy and practicality for use) were observed with ASL with propyleneglycol, with a reduction in transfer of 2 log of ACC and 1.7 log of EBC. The efficacy of ASL inabattoirwascomparableandbetterthanreportedinsomeotherhidedecontaminationstudies.Perspectives


27

The results provided a scientific basis for further optimisation of cattle hide treatment withaqueousshellacsolutionsforuseinacommercialabattoirsetting.


28

P2: Comparative epidemiology of E. coli resistance to third-generation cephalosporins indiseasedfood-producinganimalsClémence Boireau1,2,3, Claire Chauvin4, Éric Jouy5, Géraldine Cazeau2, Nathalie Jarrige2, AgnèsLeblond3,ÉmilieGay2

1École Nationale des Services Vétérinaires, ENSV, VetagroSup, Marcy l’Étoile, France;2Université de Lyon, ANSES,Laboratoire de Lyon,Unité EAS, 31 avenue TonyGarnier, 69007 Lyon, France; 3EPIA,UMR0346, Epidémiologie desmaladies Animales et zoonotiques, INRA, VetagroSup, University of Lyon, F-69280,Marcy L’Etoile, France; 4ANSES,LaboratoiredePloufragan-Plouzané,UnitéEpidémiologieetBien-êtreduporc,UniversitéBretagneLoire,TechnopôleSaint-BrieucArmor,22440Ploufragan,France;5ANSES,LaboratoiredePloufragan-Plouzané,UnitéMycoplasmologie,Bactériologie et Antibiorésistance, Université Bretagne Loire, Technopôle Saint-Brieuc Armor, 22440 Ploufragan,France.BackgroundCategorizedbyWHOascriticallyimportantantibiotics,third-generationcephalosporins(3GCs)areone of the latest therapeutic alternatives to fight severe infectious diseases in humans. Someantibiotics belonging to this class are prescribed to treat food-producing animals in specificpathologicalcontexts.ObjectivePreserving the effectiveness of 3GCs requires characterization and careful monitoring of 3GCsresistanceandtheidentificationandimplementationofmeasuresthatcanlimitthisantimicrobialresistance (AMR). Here, we characterized the 3GCs resistance in Escherichia coli isolated fromdiseasedanimals.MaterialsandMethodsUsingdata collected frombroilers,hens, calves,piglets, sows, turkeysandducksbetween2006and 2016 by the French surveillance network of AMR in pathogenic bacteria of animal origin(calledRESAPATH),weinvestigatedthedynamicsofresistanceto3GCsandconfrontedresistancetrendswithpracticeschanges.ResultsOurnon-linearanalysis applied to time series showed that theevolutionofE. coli resistance to3GCsisspecifictoeachanimalcategory.From2006to2010,resistanceto3GCsincreasedformostanimal categories.We observed peaks of high-level of resistance for hens (21.5% in 2010) andbroilers (26.7% in 2011), whereas trends stayed below 10% for the other animal categoriesthroughout the study period. Resistance later decreased and, since 2014, 3GCs resistance hasdropped below 10% for all animal categories. Our findings demonstrate that inversion ofresistancetrendscanrapidlyoccur.DiscussionandConclusionTheseextensivedataprovideabasisforevaluatingcontrolstrategies.TheparallelbetweentrendsandmeasurestolimitAMRovertheperiodshedlightsontheimpactofpracticeschanges,public


29

policies (EcoAntibio Plan) and sector-led initiatives (moratorium in swine sector). Our resultsprovideaguideforfutureAMRcontrolstrategiesfromariskanalysisperspective.PerspectivesFinally, they highlight the usefulness and importance of AMR surveillance networks in animalhealth.


30

P3:ExperimentalinoculationofcalveswithEHECO157:H7MC2strainisolatedfromcattleDelphine Bibbal1, Thomas Secher1,Monique Kérourédan1, Audrey Segura2, Hervé Cassard3, EricOswald1,4,YolandeBertin2,EvelyneForano2,HubertBrugère1

1IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France; 2UMR-MEDIS, Université ClermontAuvergne, INRA, Clermont-Ferrand, France; 3UMR 1225, INRA, ENVT, Toulouse, France; 4CHU de Toulouse, HôpitalPurpan,Toulouse,France.BackgroundMC2strainisanEHECO157:H7isolatedfromacattlefarmwhereapersistentsheddinghadbeenidentified.ObjectivesThe objectives were to better characterize (i) the shedding of EHEC O157:H7 MC2, (ii) thecolonizationofcattlebythisstrainand(iii)thehostresponse.MaterialsandMethodsMC2strainwas inoculatedtoagroupoffive3month-oldcalvesatthedoseof1010CFU.Calveswere re-inoculated 3 weeks after the first inoculation, and were necropsied 4 days after thesecond inoculation. A NaCl solution was administered to a control group of five calves. Thisproject,referencedunderthenumberAPAFIS#4704-2016032517325815V4,wasestimatedontheethicalplanbytheFrenchethicscommitteeinanimalexperimentN°115.Itwasauthorizedhavingreceivedafavorableopinion.ResultsandDiscussionDuring the first 7 days post inoculation (dpi), fecal excretion of MC2 was high, and then hasgradually declined. At necropsy, all digestive lymph nodes were negative for MC2. HighconcentrationsofMC2weredetected in contentsof ileum, cecum, spiral colonanddescendingcolon. As regards digestive tissues, the recto-anal junction was the predilection site ofcolonization;butother tissues couldbe colonizedathigh concentrations,notably tissuesof theileon,theileocecalvalveandthecolon.Finally,MC2strainwassystematicallydetectedfromhidesandearsof inoculatedcattle.MC2 inoculationdidnotaffect theclinical status, thebiochemicalparameters,orthenumerationbloodformulationofcattle.Atasystemic level,MC2inoculationdidnot leadtotheproductionofpro-inflammatorycytokines.Onthecontrary,MC2 inoculationledtoalocalinflammationwithahigherproductionofINFγandIL1bintherecto-analjunctionofinoculated cattle compared to control calves. Histological studies also revealed differencesbetween inoculated and control calves: effaced microvilli, detached squamous epithelial cells,hyperemiaandlocalinfiltrationbyeosinophils.PerspectivesThemodel of experimental inoculation developed in this studymight be used to evaluate theefficacyofpreharvestfoodsafetypractices.


31

P4:OuterMembraneVesiclesofenterohemorrhagicEscherichiacoliO80:H2altertheautophagyfluxandcreateaninflammatorystateinhumanhostcellsLaure David1, Frédéric Taieb1, Patricia Martin1, Marie Penary1, Frédérick Barreau1, PriscillaBranchu1,HubertBrugere1,EricOswald1,2

1IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France; 2CHU de Toulouse, Hôpital Purpan,Toulouse,France.BackgroundThe enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) of serotype O80:H2 has emerged in France andrepresentsanewthreatintermsofpublichealth.Indeed,thisstrainhasahighvirulencepotential,it can provoke an hemolytic and uremic syndrome (HUS) and extra-intestinal manifestations.Moreover,itwasthe3ndleadingcauseofpediatricHUSinFrancein2015and2016.InadditiontoEHEC virulence factors, EHECO80:H2 gained a virulence plasmid that is characteristic of extra-intestinalE.coli and is absent inotherEHEC strains. It codes for thehemolysin F (HlyF)protein.Interestingly, ithasbeenshownthatHlyFstimulatestheproductionofoutermembranevesicles(OMVs) with the capacity to modulate the autophagic process in host cells. As autophagy isinvolved in inflammation regulation, an alteration of this process by OMVs could promote aninflammationexacerbationinintoxicatedcells.ObjectiveThe aimof this project is to decipher howHlyF andOMVs could contribute to the virulenceofEHECO80:H2.MaterialsandMethodsEHECmust bemanipulated in a biosafety level 3 laboratory.Due to the technical difficulty,wemanaged pilot experiments on laboratory strains over-expressing or not hlyF as preliminarymodels.We prepared, purified and evaluated the biological effects of OMVs on epithelial andmonocytic cells.Wemeasuredautophagybydetectionof theautophagy-associatedproteinLC3andinflammationbydosageofproinflammatorycytokinesinthesupernatantofculture.ResultsPilot results showthatOMVsproducedbyhlyF+strainsinduceamassiveautophagyblockadedue toadefectinthefusionautophagosomes–lysosomesstepinhostcells,associatedtotheactivationofpro-inflammatoryhostresponse.DiscussionandConclusionOurexperimentsshowthatOMVsproducedbyhlyF+strainsinduceamassiveautophagyblockadeduetoadefectinthefusionautophagosomes–lysosomesstepinhostcells,associatedtotheactivationofpro-inflammatory host response. Altogether, these results highlight the pro-inflammatory role ofHlyF-stimulatedOMVs.Perspectives


32

Ultimately,thisprojectwillinvestigatethemechanismofactionofthesecrucialvirulencefactorstodecipheriftheyparticipateinthepathogenicityofEHECO80:H2.


33

P5:Prevalenceof carriageofEHECserotypesO26:H11,O45:H2,O103:H2,O111:H8,O121:H19,O145:H28andO157:H7,amongslaughteredvealcalvesinFranceF. Auvray1, M.M. Um1, C. Bièche-Terrier2, L. Allais3, M. Drouet2, E. Oswald1-4, D. Bibbal1, H.Brugère1

1IRSD,UniversitédeToulouse, INSERM,INRA,ENVT,UPS,Toulouse,France;2Institutdel’Elevage,ServiceQualitédesViandes,Villers-Bocage,France;3Institutdel’Elevage,LaboratoireAnalyseetTechnologiedesProduits,Villers-Bocage,France;4CHUdeToulouse,HôpitalPurpan,Toulouse,France.BackgroundThe main enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) belong to serotypes O26:H11, O45:H2,O103:H2,O111:H8,O121:H19,O145:H28andO157:H7.DataontheoccurrenceofEHECincalvesarelimitedcomparedtoadultcattle.ObjectiveTheobjectiveofthisstudywastoevaluatetheprevalenceofthe“topseven”EHECinvealcalvesslaughteredinFrance.MaterialsandMethodsAtotalof500vealcalffecalsamplesoriginatingfrom103vealcalffatteningunitsrepresentativeof French productionwere collected from five abattoirs from January toDecember 2017. TheywereanalyzedusinganapproachsimilartoISO/TS13136,thatincludedreal-timePCRscreeningofstx, eae variants andO-groupDNAmarkers from the top seven EHEC. EHECwere isolated andenumeratedusing immuno-magneticseparationandthemostprobablenumber (MPN)method,respectively.CharacterizationofisolatesshowedthatEPECstrains(stx-)mightalsoberecovered.ResultsOutofthe500individualstested,atotalof69E.coliisolatesfromthetopsevenserogroupswererecoveredthatincluded30EHECand39EPEC.EHECbelongedtoO103:H2(13strains),O26:H11(9strains),O145:H28(5strains)andO157:H7(3strains)serotypes.EPECbelongedtoO145:H28(24strains),O26:H11(13strains),O103:H2(1strain)andO157:H7(1strain)serotypes.TheprevalenceofthetopsevenEHECwas5.6%.Seasonalvariationwasobserved.SimultaneouscarriageoftwoEHECserotypeswasdetectedintwoanimals.EHECenumerationrangedfromlessthan0.5to2.5104MPNpergramoffeces.ConclusionsConsistent with previous studies that evaluated the influence of animal age on EHEC fecalshedding,theprevalenceofcarriageinvealcalveswashigherthanthatdeterminedinadultcattle(1.8%).Onlytwosuper-shedderswereidentified.PerspectivesFutureworkwillbeperformedtodeterminethesourceofcontaminationofvealcalvesbyEHEC.


34

P6:AntimicrobialresistancedeterminantsinSalmonellaisolatesfromswineHéctor Argüello1,2, Beatriz Guerra3,4, Pedro J. de Nova2, Rubén Miranda2, Pedro Rubio2, AnaCarvajal2

1UniversityofCórdoba,Spain,2UniversityofLeón,Spain,3EuropeanFoodSafetyAuthority,Parma,Italy,4DepartmentBiologicalSafety,GermanFederalInstituteforRiskAssessment,Berlin,Germany.BackgroundAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) and Salmonella are a primary concerns in public health.Furthermore, Salmonella isolates from husbandry animals usually exhibit resistance to severalantimicrobials.MolecularcharacterisationoftheAMRandtheirlocationisofparamountinteresttounderstandthemechanismsofAMRandpotentialriskofhorizontaltransference.ObjectiveThe present study characterises the AMR determinants of 62 multi-drug resistant (MDR)Salmonellaspp.isolatesfromswine.MaterialsandMethodsSixty-twomulti-resistantSalmonella isolates recovered from finishingpigs in twocross-sectionalstudiesconductedinSpainwereincluded.Inallofthem,theantimicrobialresistantdeterminantswere investigated by PCR, checking the presence of class 1, class 2 integrons and 29 genesresponsible for resistance aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, amphenicols, tetracyclines,sulphonamidesandquinolones.ResultsGenes sul1, blaTEM1-like, aadA2, tetA and dfrA12 were more prevalent (p


35

P7:BiosecurityandantimicrobialusageinswinefarmsinSpainOscarMencía1,SoniaMartínez1,HéctorPuente1,JuanI.Méndez1,ManuelGómez1,PedroRubio1,ElíasF.Rodríguez-Ferri1,CésarB.Gutiérrez1,AnaCarvajal1

1UniversityofLeón,Spain.BackgroundAntimicrobial resistance is a major public health problem and accordingly, the reduction ofantimicrobialusageinintensiveswineproductionisanurgentneed.ObjectiveTheaimof thepresent research is todescribebiosecurityandantibioticusage inSpanishswinefarms suffering from respiratory and digestive disorders and to investigate the relationshipsbetweentheseparametersandseveralfarmcharacteristics.MaterialsandMethodsAtotalof33swinefarmsthatsubmittedsamplesfordiagnosticofrespiratoryorentericdisorderstotheAnimalHealthDepartmentoftheUniversityofLeónandagreedtoparticipateinthestudyfulfilledquestionnairesregardingbiosecurity(Biocheck-UGentTM),antibioticusageinthepreviousthreemonths and several farm characteristics (number of pigs, years of experience, number ofworkersandageofbuildings).ResultsTotalbiosecurityscorerangedbetween40and81,withanaverageof65.45(SD10.49).Externalbiosecuritywasingeneralhigher(mean76.82,SD8.41)thaninternalbiosecurity(mean53.61,SD15.28). Antibiotic usage was very variable with a median of 431.68 mg/PCU. No correlationbetweenantibioticusageandbiosecurityscoreswasfoundusingSpearmancorrelationcoefficienttest.However,atendencyofhigherantibioticusageinlargerfarmswasevidentbyANOVA(F=3.0;p=0.093).DiscussionandConclusionOur results allow us to conclude that there is room for improvement of biosecurity in Spanishswine farms, particularly with regard to internal biosecurity. Moreover, antibiotic usage in thesampledfarmswashighandveryvariablewithtetracyclinsandpenicilinderivativesasthemostusedsubstances.Thelackofinterconnectionbetweentheantibioticsconsumptionandbiosecurityscorescouldberelatedtoaverycommonprophylacticormetaphylacticuseofthesemoleculesinswinefarms.PerspectivesThe results obtained are important to promote interventions for the necessary reduction ofantibioticconsumptioninSpanishswineproduction.


36

P8:StudyonthegrowthandenterotoxinproductionbyStaphylococcusaureusspikedincannedmeatB.T.Cenci-Goga1,2,P.A.Popescu3,M.Karama2,V.Gullo1,G.Poerio1,E.Borgogni1,P.Torlai1,G.Chianese1,P.Sechi1,M.F.Iulietto1,L.Grispoldi1

1MedicinaVeterinaria,LaboratoriodiIspezionedegliAlimentidiOrigineAnimale,UniversitàdegliStudidiPerugia,06126Perugia,Italy;2UniversityofPretoria,FacultyofVeterinaryScience,DepartmentofParaclinicalSciences,Onderstepoort,SouthAfrica;3UniversityofAgronomicalScienceandVeterinaryMedicine,FacultyofBiotechnologyBucharest,Romania.BackgroundPossiblecontaminationbyStaphylococcusaureusoftheproductionenvironmentandofthemeatofacannedmeatproducingfactorywasanalysed.ObjectiveTodeterminehowmuchtimecanelapsebetweentheseamingofthecanandthesterilizationinautoclavewithoutanyriskofenterotoxinproductionbyS.aureusandconsequentlyriskof foodpoisoning for the consumer, the growth and enterotoxin production of an enterotoxin A and EproducingstrainofS.aureusincannedmeatbeforesterilizationwasinvestigated.MaterialsandMethodsTwotypesofmeatwhereused,onewithsodiumnitrateandonewithout.Meatwasspikedwithan enterotoxin A and E producing strain of S. aureus and incubated at three differenttemperatures(37,20and10°C).ResultsIn the canned products the spiked bacteria spread throughout the meat and attained highnumbers.Enterotoxinproductionwasdemonstratedstartingfrom12hoursof incubationwithabacterial loadapproximatelybetween8and9 logcfug-1ofmeat.The statisticalanalysisof thedatashowedthatthedifferencebetweenthetwodifferenttypesofmeatwasnotsignificant (pvalue>0.05).DiscussionandConclusionSinceitiswellknownthatafterheattreatmentstaphylococcalenterotoxinscanbeundetectable(lossof serological recognition)butstillactive (in invivoassays),dependingon foodmatrixandpH, it is quite difficult to foresee the impact of heat treatment on enterotoxin activity. Thus,although the bacteria are eliminated, the toxins may remain and cause food poisoning. Thesignificanceoftheresultsofthisstudytotheimplementationofgoodmanufacturingpracticesandhazardanalysiscriticalcontrolpointinacannedmeatfactoryarediscussedwithreferencetothemanagementofpre-retortingstepsafterseaming.


37

P9: Livestock-related microbial air pollution at residential level: spatiotemporal variation ofconcentrationsinambientairandassociatedlivestock-relatedcharacteristicsMyrnaM.T.deRooij1,DickJ.J.Heederik1,HeikeSchmitt1,2,GerardHoek1,IngmarJanse2,ArnoSwart2,IngeM.Wouters1

1UtrechtUniversity,InstituteforRiskAssessmentSciences,EnvironmentalEpidemiology-VeterinaryPublicHealth;2NationalInstituteforPublicHealthandtheEnvironment(RIVM),CentreforInfectiousDiseaseControl.BackgroundMicrobial airpollution from livestock industryhas raisedconcernsaboutpotentialpublichealthand environmental impact. Elevated concentrations of airborne bacteria have been reported atcloseproximitytofarms.Knowledgeonconcentrationsatfurtherdistancesislimited,whilethisisimportant regarding public health relevance. Availability ofmolecular techniques opens up thepossibilitytostudymicrobialairpollutionatresidentiallevel.ObjectiveOur aim was to measure airborne livestock-related bacterial markers at residential level.Objectivesweretogaininsightinthelevelofconcentrations,toassessspatiotemporalvariation,andtoexploreassociationswithlivestock-relatedcharacteristicsofthesurroundings.MaterialsandMethodsMeasurementswereperformedintheNetherlandsfromMay2014-December2015.Ambientfinedustwas collected repeatedly at 61 residential sites representing a variety of nearby livestock-related characteristics. Quantitative-PCR was used to assess DNA of bacteria (commensals:Escherichiacoli,Staphylococcusspp;pathogen:Campylobacterjejuni)andantimicrobialresistance(AMR)genes (tetW,mecA).Concentrationswere log-transformed,except forC.jejuniwhichwasanalyzed binary. Multivariable mixed models were used to explore associations with livestock-relatedcharacteristics.ResultsVariationinairborneDNAconcentrationswaslargeforE.coli,Staphylococcusspp,tetWandmecA(95thpercentileof:2.5E+02,3.7E+04,1.8E+04,1.8E+02;respectively),42%ofsampleswaspositiveforC.jejuni.Clearvariationovertimeandbetweensiteswasobserved(concentrationdifferencesof factors of tens-hundreds). Farm densities were significantly associated to airborne DNAconcentrations/levels,associationswerestrongestwithpoultry-andpigfarms.DiscussionandConclusionResidential exposure to airborne livestock-related bacteria and AMR genes was identified,exposure concentrations varied considerably. Identified associations suggest contribution oflivestockindustrytomicrobialairpollutioningeneral,andattributiondifferencesbetweenfarm-types.Perspectives


38

Healthimplicationswillhavetobeestablished.Associationsofzoonoticdiseaseswithresidentialproximityto farmshavebeenobserved,buttransmissionroutesareunknown.More insightwillbegainedbyimplementingairborneexposuresinfuturehealtheffectstudies.


39

P10: Defining the Evolutionary Space and Mode of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus LineagesEmergenceAntonelloDiNardo1,LucaFerretti1,JemmaWadsworth1,DonaldPKing1,NickJKnowles1

1ThePirbrightInstitute,Pirbright,Woking,Surrey,UnitedKingdom.BackgroundStudyingthegenomicsofFMDVimprovesourunderstandingoftheprinciplesandprocessesthatdrivestheevolutionaryfitnessandgeographicalstructureofFMDVlineagesinendemicsystems,aswellasthevirusadaptationandvirulenceevolutioninresponsetoresistancevariabilityamonghostpopulations.ObjectivesWe seek to map the fitness landscape of FMDV in endemic systems by reconstructing: (i) thetransmissioneventsinspace-time;(ii)thegeographicalstructureofphylogeneticclusters;and(iii)thedynamicsofviralpopulations.MaterialsandMethodsA dataset comprising n=2495 FMDV VP1 coding sequences belonging to contemporaryO/ME-SA/PanAsia2(n=1321),A/ASIA/Iran-05(n=843),andAsia-1/ASIA/Sindh-08(n=331) lineageswas analysed using Bayesian phylogeographic methods and metapopulation phylodynamicmodels.ResultsEvolutionary trajectoriesof FMDV lineages revealeda cyclicaldynamicof virus transmissionsbyalternating serotypes, with single lineages predominating at time intervals. Emergence of newlineagesweresustainedatgeographical levelbyvirus transmissionsperiodicallyoriginated fromcountriesoftheSouthernAsiaregion.Differentlineageswerereportedtodiffuseattheverysamegeographicalscale,withtransitionsbeingreconstructedinawesterlydirectionfromtheSouthernAsiaregiontoWesternAsiaandNorthAfrica.Pakistan,AfghanistanandIranactbothasprimaryconveyorofinfectionsandforgeneratingvirusdiversity.DiscussionandConclusionThe circulation of multiple FMDV serotypes at the endemic level is a complex evolutionarydynamicsprocess involvingcompetitionbetweengeographicallyco-existing lineages,co-evolvingwithinthesamehostpopulationstructure.Inthiscontext,theSouthernAsiaregionrepresentsthe‘mixingvessel’ecosystemformovingvirusesalongwithlivestocktradepathwaysbothwestwardstoWestEurasiaandintoNorthAfrica,andeastwardsintoSoutheastandEastAsia.PerspectivesInsightsonthespaceandmodeofFMDVevolutionarydynamicscanbetranslated intoeffectiveinterventionandpreventionstrategies,inordertosupporttheprogressiontowardsFMDcontrolinlinewithglobalefforts.


40

P11:Associationbetweenwithin-herdseroprevalenceandriskfactorsforToxoplasmagondiiinfatteningpigsintheNetherlandsD.M.Eppink1,M.Bouwknegt1,D.Oorburg1,H.A.P.Urlings1,M.A.P.M.VanAsseldonk2,C.P.A.VanWagenberg2,I.Krijger3,J.W.P.VanderGiessen4,M.Swanenburg4,H.J.Wisselink5

1Vion, Boxtel, The Netherlands; 2Wageningen Economic Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands; 3 WageningenLivestock Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands; 4National Institute for Public Health and the Environment,Bilthoven,TheNetherlands;5WageningenBioveterinaryResearch,Lelystad,TheNetherlands.BackgroundToxoplasmagondiiisarelevantfoodbornepathogenranking3rdforitsdiseaseburdeninEurope.IntheNetherlands,thecontributionofporktomeatborneT.gondii infectionsisestimatedtobe11%.EFSAadvisedtoperformserologicaltestingofpigsandonfarmauditsonriskfactors.ObjectiveTodeterminetheassociationbetweenwithin-herdseroprevalenceandriskfactorsforT.gondiionfatteningpigfarmsintheNetherlands.MaterialsandMethodsFrom2015to2018,75auditswithaHACCPbasedquestionnairewereperformedon50casefarmsand25control farmstoassesspotentialriskfactors.CasefarmshadaminimumofonepositivemonsterintheyearbeforetheauditandcontrolfarmshadnopositivemonstersasmeasuredbyPrioCHECK™ Toxoplasma Antibody ELISA on 6263 serum samples from a private food safetymonitoring programme. Data were analysed using logistic regression, with the within-herdseroprevalence as dependent variable and potential risk factors as independent variables.VariablesshowingaunivariableP-value


41

P12:CharacterizationofE.colistrainsisolatedduringHACCPprocedureinmeatplantsL.Grispoldi1,P.Sechi1,M.F. Iulietto1,M.Ceccarelli1,M.Revoltella1,G.Ventura1,C.Crotti1,B.T.Cenci-Goga1

1Medicina Veterinaria, Laboratorio di Ispezione degli Alimenti di Origine Animale, Università degli Studi di Perugia,06126Perugia,Italy.BackgroundApotentialsourceofpathogenicbacteriaingroundbeefisthelymphaticsystem,specificallythelymphnodes.ObjectiveTheobjectiveofthecurrentstudywastodeterminetheprevalenceofEscherichiacoli inbovinelymphnodes.MaterialsandMethodsBovinelymphnodeswerecollectedfrom597carcassesatacommercialslaughterhouselocatedincentral ItalybetweenMay2012andSeptember2017.492 (82.41%) lymphnodes sampleswereobtainedfromregularslaughter,andtheremainder105(17.58%)wereobtainedfromemergencyslaughter.Subiliacilymphnodeswerecollectedforthisstudy.TheisolateswereanalysedbyPCRforthepresenceofthestx-1,stx-2,hlyandeaegenesandbytheKirbyBauertestforsusceptibilitytothemostcommonlyusedantimicrobials.Results204E. coli strainswere isolated, 157 from regular slaughter and 47 fromemergency slaughter,with an overall prevalence of 34.17%. The prevalence of E. coli in limph nodes from regularslaughterwas31.91%whileitwas44.76%inlimphnodesfromemergencyslaughter.Thirty-four(16.6%) strains were positive for the hly gene, 41 (20.09%) for stx-1, 23 (11.27%) for stx-2, 11(5.39%)foreaeAand4(1.96%)forbothstx-1andstx-2.Theprevalenceofthegenesinthestrainsisolatedfromregularslaughterwas:20.38%hly,11.46%stx-1,13.37%stx-2and5.73%eaeA.Theprevalenceofthegenesinthestrainsisolatedfromemergencyslaughterwas:4.25%hly,48.93%stx-1,4.25%stx-2and4.25%eaeA.DiscussionandConclusionTheprevalenceofE.coliwashigher in lymphnodes isolated fromemergencyslaughterandthedifference was statistically significant (p


42

P13:Anisakisspp.larvaeinmarketedproductsmadeofherring(Clupeaharengus)LisaGuardone1,MarcoBordino1,NicolettaRosellini1,DanieleNucera2,AlessandraGuidi1,AndreaArmani1

1UniversityofPisa,Italy;2UniversityofTurin,Italy.BackgroundAtlantic herrings (Clupea harengus) are the thirdmost commercialized species in the EuropeanUnionandcommonhostsofAnisakisspp.larvae.ObjectiveToassesstheoccurrenceandviabilityofAnisakisspp.larvaeinherringproductssoldinItaly.MaterialsandMethods120 products (50 smokedwhole and 70 filleted herrings) were visually inspected and digestedusing Trichineasy® (CTSV srl, Brescia). For whole herrings, viscera and muscle were separatelydigested. Collected nematodes were checked for viability, identified, counted and stored untilmolecularanalysis.Thepositivityrateandthelarvaldensitypergram,atmuscleandviscerallevel,whenpossible,were calculated;differenceswere investigatedbyChi-square,Kruskal-Wallis andMann-Whitneytests.ResultsAt least oneAnisakis spp. larva was found in 56 products (46.7%) and 1715 dead larvae werecollected.Most of them (1559, 91%)were found in the viscera of 49 of the 50whole herrings(98%). A highly significant difference (p


43

P14:DeterminationofOchratoxinAinEuropeanseabassandGiltheadseabreamfarmedinItalyLisaGuardone1,LaraTinacci1,GiacomoLuci1,ValentinaMeucci1,LuigiIntorre1,AndreaArmani1

1UniversityofPisa,Italy.BackgroundTheincresinguseofalternativerawmaterialsforaquafeeds,includingoilsandproteinsofplantsorigin, can introduce contaminants previously not associated with fish farming, such asmycotoxins.Inparticular,OchratoxinA(OTA),amycotoxinproducedbyAspergillusandPenicilliumspecieswithnephrotoxic,carcinogenicandteratogenicpotential,hasbeenfoundinseveralfoodcommodities, including cereals, and can be present in food of animal origin due to carryover.Therefore, utilization of fishfeeds contaminated with OTA can result in bioaccumulation andbioconcentrationinfishtissues.ObjectiveTodetermineOTAconcentrationsinGiltheadseabreamsandEuropeanseabassfarmedinItaly.MaterialsandMethodsAnalysiswereperformedonmuscle,liverandkidneyof10seabreamsand10seabassbyusinganenzymatic digestion (ED) method coupled to high-performance liquid chromatography with afluorescencedetector (HPLC-FLD).Themethodwasvalidated for: specificity, recovery, trueness,selectivity, linearity, limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quntification (LOQ), repeatability andreproducibility.ResultsRecoverieswere higher than 85% for all tissues. Intra- and inter-day repeatability expressed asrelativestandarddeviationwere


44

P15: Antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from some traditionalmilkandmeatproductsinKosovoAfrim Hamidi1, Driton Sylejmani1, Artiola Xhaka1, Era Jusufi1, Diellza Shala1, Flakëresa Nikçi1,Erënesa Gorçaj1, Mensorina Mustafa1, Adhuron Samadraxha1, Fatjona Alushaj1, DorentinaHumolli1,DianaNeziri1,ArmendaBerisha1,ErzaOsmani1,DavidBaumler2,KarstenGiffey31FacultyofAgricultureandVeterinary,UniversityofPrishtina“HasanPrishtina”,Kosovo;2CollegeofFoodandAgriculturalandNutritionalSciences,UniversityofMinnesota,USA;3EuropeanCollegeofVeterinaryPublicHealth,Brussels.BackgroundBasedonthereportfromtheWHO,Kosovo’spopulationisamongthecountrieswithhighestuseof antibiotics. High resistance levels of S. aureus strains isolated from dairy farms have beenregistered,especiallyforpenicillin,streptomycinandchloramphenicolbuttherearenodataaboutAMRofS.aureusfromfoodproducts.ObjectiveThe objective of this studywas to determine the level of AMR of coagulase positive S. aureusisolates,isolatedfromtraditionaldairyandmeatproductsforantibioticsmostlyusedinVeterinaryandHumanMedicine.MaterialsandMethodsIn this study77S.aureus strains isolated fromtraditionaldairyandmeatproductswerespreadonto Mueller Hinton agar, and 10 different antibiotic disks (Vancomycin, Gentamycin,Chloramphenicol, Erythromycin, Kanamycin, Neomycin, Novobiocin, Penicillin G, Streptomycin,Tetracycline)wereplacedtotestforresistance.ResultsTheAMRofS.aureusrangedfrom16.1%forVancomycinto80.6%forStreptomycinfromisolatesfromsoftcheesesamples;from11.1%forErythromycinandTetracyclineto88.9%forPenicillinfromisolatesfrompaprikaincrèmeandricotta;from0%forGentamycinandNeomycinto80%forPenicillinfromisolatesfromhomemadesausagesamples;andfrom4.5%forVancomycinto77.2 % for Penicillin from isolates from salçiçe samples. 4 isolates showed resistance to allantibioticstested.DiscussionandConclusionIn general, high AMR results were registered in S. aureus strains for Penicillin, Streptomycin,NovobiocinandKanamycin.Althoughinlowrate,allthefoodtested,containedS.aureusstrainsresistanttoVancomycin.Theresults indicatethatAMRofS.aureus isemerging,consideringthepresenceofmultidrugstrains.DataaboutresistanceofS.aureusfromotherproductsandhumanshavetobeacquiredandcompared.


45

PerspectivesThe one health initiative needs to be instituted for better surveillance of AMR in human andveterinarymedicine,stricterpolicyonantibiotic registration,controlofuseboth inhumansandanimals.


46

P16:RelativeriskassessmentofListeriamonocytogenesinaready-to-eatchickensaladusingachallengetestaftercoldstressJoanaSantosFerreira1,AntónioSalvadorBarreto1,TelmoNunes1,AnaRitaHenriques1

Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal (CIISA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University ofLisbon,Portugal.BackgroundListeriamonocytogenes is the causal agent of human listeriosis, an infection almost exclusivelytransmitted by food consumption. L. monocytogenes may thrive in refrigerated foods reachingunsafe limits during shelf-life. Food challenge testing is useful to provide information on thebehaviourofpotentialpathogensduringfoodstorage.ObjectiveAchallengetestwasconductedtoestablishthemaximumconcentrationofL.monocytogenesthatmaybepresentat theproductionstagetocomplywiththemandatory limitof100cfu/gat theendofshelf-life.Usinganexponentialdose-responsemodel(EDRM),therelativeriskofdifferentscenariosatpackagingandattheendofshelf-lifewerecalculated.MaterialsandMethodsL.monocytogenesserotype1/2astrainwaskeptat5°C/12days,torecreateanadaptationtotheindustrial refrigerated environment, and its viability was regularly monitored. Ready-to-eatchicken salad (RTECS) were inoculated and kept at 5°C/7 days. L. monocytogenes detection(ISO11290-1:1996) andenumeration (ISO11290-2:1998)wereperformed togetherwith samples’pHandawdetermination.Three replicateswere considered.ComBasePredictorandR softwarewereusedasapredictivemodelandforstatisticalanalyses,respectively.TodeterminetheriskofacquiringlisteriosisfromexposuretocontaminatedRTECS,FAO/WHOEDRMwasused.ResultsFromday4today7,L.monocytogenesrangedfrom6.1±0.6to6.4±0.8logcfu/g,whilepHvariedfrom6.1±0.6 to6.4±0.3andaw from0.95±0.03 to0.98±0.01.L.monocytogenes averagegrowthwas1.22logcfu/g.DiscussionandConclusionRTECSwasconfirmedasabletosupportthegrowthofL.monocytogenes,although itsobservedgrowthwas lower thantheoneestimatedby thepredictivemodelusingday0parameters.TheEDRMrevealedanextremelylowriskofacquiringlisteriosisduringRTECSshelf-life.PerspectivesUsing the EDRM, a portion of RTECS contaminated with less than 100 cfu/g, represents anextremelylowriskoflisteriosis,evenforriskgroups.


47

P17:Antibioticresistancegenesinhoneybees(Apismelliferaligustica)fromUmbria-ItalyPaolaSechi1,MariaFrancescaIulietto1,RosaCiavarella1,LucaGrispoldi1,MariaVittoriaPipistrelli1,EnzoGoretti1,BeniaminoT.CenciGoga11UniversityofPerugia,DepartmentofVeterinaryMedicine,Italy.BackgroundThehoneybeescanserveasbioindicatorsofthestateofpollutionoftheenvironment inwhichthey live.Furthermore,theycanactascollectoranddisseminatorofantibioticresistancegenes;theuseofantibioticsfortherapeuticpurposesinhumansandanimalsovertimecanbeassociatedwiththepresenceofantimicrobialresiduesintheenvironmentand,insomecases,accumulatedbyhoneybees.Theuseofantibioticshasexertedselectivepressureinrecentyearstodeterminethe onset and spread of antibiotic resistance genes, some of which are responsible for thetherapeuticfailureofinfectiousdiseasesinhumansandanimals.ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the occurrenceof antibiotic resistance genes in honeybees. To thisend, the prevalence of 4 selected genes [tet(M), aac(6')-aph(2”), blaZ and sul1] coding forresistancetotetracycline,aminoglycosides,beta-lactamsandsulfonamidewasdetermined.MaterialsandMethods36 samples of 10 bees each were collected in 35 Umbrian apiculture sites (Italy). After DNAextraction, the PCRwas performed for the following target genes: tet(M),aac(6')-aph(2”),blaZandsul1.ResultsOfthesamplesbeingtested, threewerepositive for tet(M)gene(8,33%), twowerepositive foraac(6')-aph(2”)gene(5,56%),sixforblaZgene(16,67%),tenforsul1(27,78%)andeightsamplesshowedmultipledrugresistances.DiscussionandConclusionsThisstudycontributestothemonitoringofthepresenceofantibioticresistancegenesininsectswhicharenotdirectlytreatedwithantibioticsbutwhichcanbeexposedthoughtheenvironment.Thehoneybeerepresentsinfact,anenvironmentalbioindicatorandasentinelofthepresenceofantibiotic resistance genes in the ecosystem, suggesting a prudent use of antimicrobialcompounds.


48

P18:Currentpracticesinpigmeatinspection:effectsonthedetectionofdiseasesoflowpublichealthimpactRolando Piccioni1, Maria Francesca Iulietto2, Marianna Ciancaglini3, Monica Castagna4, RosalbaLembo5

1ASLn.4Teramo,Italy;2DepartmentofVeterinaryMedicine,UniversityofPerugia,Italy;3MasterinVeterinaryPublicHealthandFoodHygiene,UniversityofPerugia,Italy;4ASLPescara,Italy;5SanRaffaeleHospitalInstituteforHospitalizationandScientificCare,Milano,Italy.BackgroundMeatinspectionisaimedtoensurethatthemeatisfitforhumanconsumptionandtoreviewandidentify notifiable animal diseases. From the 1st June 2014, pigmeat inspection practicesweremodified: only visual inspection without compulsory palpation or incision (to avoid cross-contamination). The low sensitivity of this method hasn’t any impact on zoonosis such astuberculosis and brucellosis because of the ongoing preventive programs on farm. However,diseasesconsideredof lower importance intermsof impactonpublichealth– i.e.non-zoonoticonesornon-foodborne–mightbedetectedwithalesserefficiency.ObjectiveAnanalysis«before/after»wasappliedtoestimatetheeffectofthecurrentpracticesofpigmeatinspectiononthedetectionoflowerpublichealthimpactspigdiseases.MaterialsandMethodsEvidences from 7764 pig meat inspections conducted from 2011 to 2017 at a medium scaleabattoir located in Teramo (IT) were analyzed to compare the prevalence of hepatic andrespiratory diseases before and after the 1st June 2014 with the introduction of the simplifiedpractices.ResultsTheresultsshowsastatisticallysignificantreduction(p-value


49

P19:Housecricketsmall-scalefarming:onsitemonitoringofmicrobiallevelsMaria Francesca Iulietto1, Paola Sechi1, Luca Grispoldi1, Giuliana Mezzio1, Beniamino T. CenciGoga1DepartmentofVeterinaryMedicine,UniversityofPerugia,Italy.BackgroundInsect farming inwesterncountries isapproachingandtherequirementsshouldbethesameasforotheranimals.Rearinghousecrickets(Achetadomesticus)canbealow-techactivityrequiringlimited capital investment; insects in fact are kept in a closed environmentwhere high level ofbiosecuritycanbeensured.ObjectiveConsideredthatlittleisknownonthemicrobiologyofhousecricketfarming,thisresearchaimsatmonitoringthemicrobiallevelsonfarmduringathreemonthsadultraisingperiodinasmall-scalefarmincentralItaly.MaterialsandMethodsThepresentresearchanalysedatotalofthirty-sixsuperficialswabsamplesduringthreemonthsofproduction.Eachweek,anareaof400cm2 foreachcagewas swabbed toevaluate the leveloftotal aerobic mesophilic bacteria, Pseudomonas spp., Enterobacteriaceae, coliforms,Staphylococcus spp., Enterococcus spp., lactic acid bacteria, yeasts and moulds through viablecountplating.ResultsThe mean values of total aerobic mesophilic bacteria were 4.29 log cfu/400 cm2 (sd 1.21)Pseudomonas spp.2.31 log cfu/400 cm2 (sd 1.67),Enterobacteriaceae2.50 log cfu/400 cm2 (sd1.52),coliforms2.33logcfu/400cm2(sd1.49),Staphylococcusspp.2.88logcfu/400cm2(sd1.48),Enterococcus spp. 3.88 log cfu/400 cm2 (sd 1.56), lactic acid bacteria 3.48 log cfu/400 cm2 (sd2.00),yeastsandmoulds1.59logcfu/400cm2(sd0.52).Salmonellaspp.wasneverdetectedwhileCitrobacter youngae was frequently isolated. Furthermore, from themicrobiological analysis ofdeadcrickets,SerratiamarcescensandProteusmirabiliswereisolatedgrowingsymbiotically.DiscussionLow insect density and high frequency in sanitization of the cages is required to maintain themicrobial value constant throughout the life cycle. These results give valuable and updateinformationforstakeholders:farmscanbeareservoiroffoodbornepathogensandprevalenceofmicrobiologicalhazardshasbeenstudiedinlivestockfarmswhilemoredataarerequestedbytheEuropeanFoodSafetyAuthorityforriskassessmentininsectfarming.


50

P20:Foodbusinessoperators’opinionsondisclosedfoodsafetyinspectionsJenniKaskela¹,AnnukkaVainio²,SariOllila¹,JanneLundén¹

1UniversityofHelsinki,Finland;2NaturalResourcesInstituteFinland,Finland.BackgroundDisclosingfoodsafetyinspectionresultsaimstoincreaseefficacy,consistencyandtransparencyofthe official food control. Food safety inspection disclosure system “Oiva” was implemented inFinland2013 in foodretailandservice,and2015 in food industry. Inspected itemsareassessedbased on publicly available instructions and graded by using a four-step scale.When the Oivasystem was introduced, disagreements on grading between inspectors and food businessoperators(FBOs)wereanticipated.Disagreementscanhaveanegativeeffectonthecorrectionofnon-compliancesandconsequentlyontheefficacyoffoodcontrol.ObjectiveThe aimof the studywas to investigate FBOs’ opinions on the efficacy of theOiva systemanddisagreementsaboutgrading.MaterialsandMethodsAquestionnairestudywasconductedamongFBOsinindustry,serviceandretailin2016.ResultsIn total 1277 answerswere received (total response rate 12.8%).Most of the FBOs in all foodsectors(77.6%)consideredthatdisclosureoftheOivainspectionresultspromotesthecorrectionofnon-compliancesand80.3%ofFBOsconsideredthatthepublicassessmentinstructionsclarifylegal requirements. Still 80.2% of all FBOs did not consider the grading regionally consistent inFinland. Furthermore,overhalf of all respondents (54.9%)hadexperienceddisagreementswiththeinspectoronthegrading.Mostoftendisagreementsconcernedtheassessmentsofpremisesmaintenance,therecord-keepingofown-checkplanandtheadequacyandsuitabilityofpremisesfor operations. FBOs in food service had disagreed more often with the inspector aboutassessmentsthanFBOsinindustryorretail.DiscussionandConclusionOivasystemhasincreasedtheefficacyofinspections,butinconsistencyanddisagreementsaboutassessmentsofinspecteditemsarestillchallengingaccordingtotheFBOs.PerspectivesFurtherstudieswillbecarriedouttoelucidatefactorsaffectingtheoccurrenceofdisagreementssuchasriskperceptionofFBOs.


51

P21:ChallengesinorganizingpracticalmeatinspectiontrainingofveterinarystudentsinFinlandRiikkaLaukkanen-Ninios1,MariaFrederikssonAhomaa11UniversityofHelsinki,Finland.BackgroundThepracticaltraininginmeatinspectionandslaughterhousecontrolrequiredbyEuropeanSystemofEvaluationofVeterinaryTrainingandRegulation(EC)No854/2004isorganizedinFinlandasanexternal training supervised by the official veterinarians in the slaughterhouses. However, thenumberofslaughterhouseshasbeendecreasingandthenumberofstudentsincreasingsincethe2000sandwehavefounditincreasinglydifficulttoorganizethetrainingforallthestudents.ObjectiveTo get an objective viewon the situation,we reviewed the organization of practical training inmeat inspection and slaughterhouse control since 2000s in the University of Helsinki, the soleprovideroftrainingprograminveterinarymedicineinFinland.MaterialsandMethodsWecollectedfromtheFacultyofVeterinaryMedicinetheannualstudentadmissionnumbersandchanges in the organization of the practical training in 2001–2018. The number of activeslaughterhouseseachyearwasobtainedfromFinnishFoodSafetyAuthorityEviraresponsibleformeatinspectioninFinland.ResultsandDiscussionThe number of students training yearly in slaughterhouses increased by 42% from 48 to 68between2001and2018andthenumberofslaughterhouseseligiblefortrainingdecreasedby44%from27 to15.Thenumberof trainingweeksper slaughterhouse increased from7.1 in2001 to13.6in2018.Thehighestratiooftrainingweeksperslaughterhousewasin2012with16trainingweeks/slaughterhouse, after which the training period was reduced from four to three weeksresulting in 10.7 training weeks/slaughterhouse. Since then, the training week/slaughterhouseratiohasbeensteadily increasingtothe13.6trainingweeks/slaughterhousein2018.Inadditiontoshorteningtrainingperiod,wehavetriedtofindalternativetrainingplacesandarrangementsand increased supervision fee for official veterinarians. However, the ever-increasing trainingweeks/slaughterhouseratiorequiresradicalrethinkingofthetraining.


52

P22: Inter-sectorial ranking of antimicrobial resistance transmission pathways relevant toconsumersIsabelLechner1,ClaudiaFreivogel2,VivianneVisschers2,KatharinaD.C.Stärk1

1SAFOSO,Switzerland;2SchoolofAppliedPsychologyFHNW,Switzerland.BackgroundBacteria occur in diverse environments and can become resistant to antimicrobials (AM) bymechanismsofresistancetransfer.Theresultingsystemofexposurepathwaysrelevanttohumansisthereforehighlycomplex.Linkagesbetweendifferentcompartmentswithinwhichantimicrobialresistant (AMR) bacteria can be observed are currently not well understood. Understanding ofAMR exposure pathways is essential to develop effective interventions to reduce the risks ofresistanceexposureforhumans.Thefocusisonexposureofconsumers.ObjectiveThis investigation aims to map existing AMR pathways between animals and humans, andsubsequentlyrankthesepathwaysaccordingtotheirrelativeimportanceforSwissconsumers.MaterialsandMethodsAliteraturereviewwasconductedtoidentifypotentialAMRtransmissionpathwaysfromanimalstohumansandprovidescientificevidencefortheirrelativesignificance.Apreliminaryrankingofidentifiedpathwayswasperformedbytheinvestigator,andvalidatedinanexpertworkshopwithAMR experts from the fields of small and large animal practice, food safety, environmentalsciencesandhospitalhygiene.ResultsExistingAMR transmissionpathwayswere identified andmapped.Results of the rankingof thepathwaysaccording to their significance in termsof theprobabilityofexposureand intensityoftransferwillbepresented.Atthetimeofthemeeting,alsotheoutcomevalidatedinaworkshopofSwissAMRexpertsfromdifferentsectorswillbeavailable.DiscussionandConclusionDiscussionandconclusionwillbebasedonthefinalresults(notyetavailable).PerspectivesMappingofexposurepathwaysforAMRincombinationwiththerankingwillhelpsetprioritiesforrisk management to mitigate AMR exposure in the human population and to providerecommendationsforriskmanagementandinterventionstrategiestopraxisstakeholders.Italsomay inform policy decisions in regard to targeted intervention programs, for example, howexposurepathwaysshouldbeprioritizedinSwitzerland.


53

P23: Economic assessment of policy options to reduce antibiotic prescribing in veal calfproductioninSwitzerlandAnaïsLéger1,JuliePont2,IsabelLechner1,MarenFeldmann2,MartinKaske2,KatharinaD.C.Stärk1

1SAFOSOAG,Switzerland;2Vetsuisse-FacultyZurich,Switzerland.BackgroundThe economic sustainability of veal calf production in many European countries, includingSwitzerland,isisatleastpartiallyreliantontheuseofantibiotics.TheSwissnationalstrategyforantimicrobial reduction (StAR) lists actions to decrease AMusage. However, veterinarians,whoare selling antibiotics with a profit, may at least partially depend on this income. Withoutalternativebuinessmodels,achangeofpracticemaybedifficulttoachieve.ObjectiveTheobjectiveofthisstudywastoassesstheextentofincomerealisedfromAMsalesbyvetsandtoexplorealternativepolicyoptions.MaterialsandMethodsFirst, a workshop was organised with selected European experts to create an inventory ofalternativepoliciesthatcouldbeadoptedtoreduceprescriptionintensity.Second,AMsalesdatawerecollectedovera12-months-periodfrom30practicesfor90vealcalfclients inSwitzerland.Finally,aselectedlistofalternativeserviceswaseconomicallyassessedatveterinarypracticelevelusingpartialbudgetting.ResultsInourmodel,lossofrevenuescouldnotalwaysbecompensatedby,forinstance,rewardsforlowAMprescriptionorincreaseofconsultationprice.Itisanticipatedthatonlyafundamentalchangeinactivitiesandservicesofferedbyclinicscanhelpbalancingtheincomeofveterinariansafterasubstancial decrease of revenue from AM sales (i.e. decrease of prescription, ban of salespossibilities).DiscussionandConclusionThe results will be discussed among veterinarians, industry partners and policy makers toconsolidateviews.Ifeconomicallyattractivealternativescanbeidentified,thiscouldbeexploredinalargerstudy.PerspectivesToreducetheuseofAM in thevealcalvesvaluechain,options targetingotheractorsmightbenecessary such as transparency among the chain, reducing the number of actors or agreeingacceptableapproachesforsharingthecostsofexternalities.


54

P24:FullMoon,oranyotherlunarphase,isnotassociatedwithahigherbirthrateincattleLudovicMartinelle1,E.Moyse2,S.Graff3,J.-L.Deville4,L.Delooz5,61FundamentalandAppliedResearch forAnimals&Health (FARAH), Experimental StationCARE-FEPEX,University ofLiege,Liege,Belgium;2FundamentalandAppliedResearchforAnimals&Health(FARAH),DepartmentofBiostatisticsandBioinformaticsappliedtoVeterinarySciences,UniversityofLiege,Liege,Belgium;3PneumologyDepartment,CHULiege,Liege,Belgium;4CHRVerviersEastBelgium,Verviers,Belgium;5FundamentalandAppliedResearchforAnimals&Health(FARAH),EpidemiologyandRiskAnalysisAppliedtoVeterinarySciences,UniversityofLiege,Liege,Belgium;6ARSIAasbl,Ciney,Belgium.BackgroundTherehasbeenapersistentbeliefregardingtheputativeinfluenceofthelunarcycleonbirthrateinhumanaswellasincattle.Anyparameterallowingtobetteranticipateandcontrolthecalvingisofgreatinteresttoimproveherdmanagement.ObjectiveInthisretrospectivestudyweexaminedatotalof476043calvingoccurringin2015intheWalloonregion of Belgium to evaluate the influence of the lunar cycle on the distribution of deliveriesamongBelgiancattlepopulation.MaterialsandMethodsAnalysesweredoneusingamixedmodelwiththedayoftheweekandthemonthasfixedeffectsandthedateasarandomeffect.Thegenderofthecalvesandthetypeofbreedwereconsidered(dairyn=144005,beefn=280972ormixedn=51066).Theeffectofthelunarphasesonbirthratewastestedonafourandeightphasesbase.ResultsFurtheranalysisusing linear regressionon residual valuesdata showed that themonthand thedayoftheweekcanexplain86%ofthebirths. Aclear“Tuesdayeffect”regardinganincreasedbirth rate for dairy andmixed cattle was reported. This is most likely caused by calf fatteningmanagement in Belgium: male calves are mostly grouped by livestock dealers starting onTuesdays.Indeed,regulationsforbidthesellingofcalvesbeforetheageoftwoweeks.Thereforethereisabiasinbirthdeclarationsinordertosellcalvessooner.Whenfurthertestingaccordingtoa4or8phaseslunarcycletherewerenoeffectofanyparticularphaseonbirthfrequency(P=0.13andP=0.60,respectively).DiscussionandConclusionThe results of the current studydonot support thehypothesis of a relationshipbetween lunarcycleandthefrequencyofcalvingintheWalloonRegionofBelgium.Lunarphasesareofnohelptopredictcalving.


55

P25:IsSonoSteamthesolutioninthefightagainstCampylobacter?MadeleineMoazzami1,EmmaBergenkvist1,IngridHansson11SwedishUniversityofAgriculturalSciences.BackgroundCampylobacter causes the most commonly reported foodborne disease in humans in manyEuropean countries. Poultry and poultry products are known as themost important sources ofhumaninfections.Theslaughterprocessofpoultryishighlyautomatedandahigherslaughterrateincreasestheriskof contaminationof the chicken. Thenumberofhumancampylobacteriosis caseshas increasedthelastyearsinSweden.ObjectiveIs it possible to reduce the number of Campylobacter on broiler carcasses by SonoSteamtreatmentatabattoir?MaterialsandMethodsA combination of steam with ultrasounds (Sonosteam®) was investigated on naturallycontaminatedb

Documents

Annual Scientific Conference and Annual General Meeting of the … · Proceeding of the Annual scientific conference of the ECVPH 2018 Proceedings of the Annual Scientific Conference