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A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 1 7
ANNUAL REPORT 2017
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 WORD FROM THE CHAIRMAN 4
2 VISION & VALUES 5
3 2017 HIGHLIGHTS 6
4 GOVERNANCE 7
5 RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY 10Additive Manufacturing 10Lifetime Assessment (Damage and Fracture Mechanics) 12Polymer Processes 13Manufacturing Processes of Metallic Structures 16High Resolution CFD for Aerospace Applications 17Turbomachinery Design 18Buildings and Smart Cities 20Applied Thermo-Fluid Dynamics 21Design Space Exploration and Optimization 22
6 INFRASTRUCTURES 25High Performance Computing Facilities 25Composite Laboratory 25
7 QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 26
8 FAIRS & EVENTS 27
9 RESEARCH PROJECTS 28
10 SCIENTIFIC &TECHNICAL DISSEMINATION 30
11 FINANCIAL RESULTS OF CENAERO ASBL 32
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ANNUAL REPORT 2017
Throughout its 15 years of existence, Cenaero has become a recognized and important research center aiming at helping Walloon and European industrial organizations to keep their leading positions over world-wide competition by intensive use of sophisticated numerical simulation tools.
During 2017, Cenaero continued to demonstrate its capabilities to deliver top notch research activities in high fidelity numerical simulation using its in-house software (Argo, Minamo and Morfeo) and also some third parties’ ones.
2017 revenues decreased to 5.990 million euros, but with operating expenses reduced to 5.910 million euros thanks to good control of main sources of expenses. Resulting operating profit has been transferred in accumulated profit..
Even though Cenaero remains focused on the aeronautical sector, its developed numerical tools and abilities are also used to serve other sectors like manufacturing, energy, health and buildings, etc. This allows Cenaero to entertain relationships with approximately 40 Walloon compagnies in both contract-based and collaborative research projects.
None of this could have been done without continuous support from Regional and European authorities since day one in 2002. Most important ERDF 2014-2020 portfolio projects which started in 2016 (additive manufacturing activities and bio-based composite materials) have produced their first results in 2017.
As Chairman of the board, I thank the board members for their contribution to Cenaero’s development and I congratulate Cenaero team for their 2017 achievements under the leadership of Philippe Geuzaine, General Manager.
● Michel Milecan Chairman
ANNUAL REPORT 2017
WORD FROM THE CHAIRMAN 1
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Cenaero is a private non-profit applied research center providing to companies involved in a technology innovation process numerical simulation methods and tools to invent and design more competitive products. Our ambition is to be internationally recognized as a technology leader in modeling and numerical simulation, to be a strategic partner of large global industries as well as a real support to regional companies including SMEs. Cenaero is mainly active in the aerospace (in particular turbomachinery), process engineering, energy and building sectors. Cenaero operates experimental facilities in composite manufacturing and prototyping as well as the Tier-1 Walloon supercomputing infrastructure.
Passion drives us. The technological challenges of our partners and customers stimulate our creativity and our envy to continuously improve ourselves. Scientific rigor and intellectual curiosity nourish our passion for high-quality work. We make it a priority to establish a trustworthy long-term relationship with our partners and customers, as well as within the Cenaero team. Boldness moves us forward to ambitious projects. We solve these challenges by mobilizing our willingness, our competences, our organization and our capability to master risks. We believe our team is the source of our success. Therefore, we care for the personal development of our collaborators and seek to make them harmoniously progress.
VISION & VALUES 2
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ANNUAL REPORT 2017
During the year Cenaero has continued to develop and apply its expertise through a strong participation in more than 30 collaborative research projects at European, French and Walloon levels. Within these projects and industrial contracts, Cenaero has been involved with over 30 Walloon companies, about three quarters of them being SMEs. Cenaero has also been very active in creating new development opportunities and was partner in seven successful proposals, three of them allowing Cenaero to secure more than 130 millions core hours on supercomputers in Europe and the United States.
As illustrated in this report, the year has seen first results from Structural Funds 2014-2020 projects started in 2016 in the fields of additive manufacturing, bio-based composite materials and coatings. Regional and international visibility for these results and others has been achieved through the participation in about 40 fairs and conferences.
In terms of partnership, the year has seen the first release of FINE/Design3D of NUMECA International integrating Minamo as their default optimization kernel and data-mining tool. Minamo is the design space exploration and optimization platform developed by Cenaero and offers to engineers the capability to efficiently optimize with a very limited number of high fidelity simulations in order to broaden and gain full insight into their design space. Positive feedback has been received from the market and first sales have been recorded. Still with Minamo, Cenaero pushed the boundaries of large-scale optimization for turbomachinery at Safran. In addition to optimization, the expertise and pro-activity of Cenaero has continued to be highly appreciated by Safran in the fields of advanced fluid aerodynamics and manufacturing of metallic structures. In the frame of the partnership with École Centrale de Nantes on the development of innovative simulation tools for the full degradation scenario of a component, promising results have been obtained on realistic applications proposed by Walloon companies.
Thanks to Walloon funding, Cenaero has continued to operate to the highest standards its high performance computing infrastructure counting more than 14,000 compute cores. It maintained a remarkable effective usage rate of more than 90 % and a 99.5% availability over the year. The infrastructure offers a unique working tool to researchers of the Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles as well as Walloon companies.
In the frame of Industry 4.0, Cenaero has joined the Made Different Digital Wallonia programme that addresses Wallonia’s manufacturing industry’s biggest challenges in its history, that is guaranteeing flawless quality, maintaining affordable prices for small production runs, achieving high volumes quickly, ensuring effective administration, doing business sustainably. Related to this initiative, but in the field of the construction industry, Cenaero has submitted with key stakeholders of the sector a proposal for the development of a demonstration infrastructure based on Cenaero’s future building.
The strategic axes of Cenaero have been reviewed by the management and validated by the Board of Directors at the end of the year. Three axes have been selected for the next four years. The first one aims at ensuring a minimum of 50% of industrial funding and this on a large technology readiness range. The second axis seeks to amplify a technology watch in emerging themes related to high performance computing. The third one targets to improve the management of projects and infrastructures in order to further control the costs.
With this revised strategy, I am confident that Cenaero is prepared to successfully tackle future challenges.
● Philippe GeuzaineGeneral Manager
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2017 HIGHLIGHTS3
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Following its legal establishment, Cenaero ASBL is a Belgian non-profit research center administered by a Board of Directors with representatives of the members of the association. The Board of Directors involves representatives of seven companies representing the Walloon Aeronautics Association, six representatives of university members, two representatives of IGRETEC and one representative of the Von Karman Institute, the University of Namur and the Walloon Region as observers. The Board Directors are nominated by the General meeting of the association for a period of six years. The Board of Directors elects its Chairman and vice-chairmen. The Board of Directors is currently chaired by Mr. Michel Milecan. The Board of Directors elects a Scientific Committee for counseling on scientific matters. The Scientific Committee is composed of academic and industry representatives and is
currently chaired by Prof. Grégoire Winckelmans of Université catholique de Louvain. The Board of Directors entrusts the General Manager, together with the Management Committee, with the daily management of Cenaero. The Management Committee is composed of three managers (Business Development & Innovation, Quality, Research & Technology) and the General Manager. The Remuneration Committee is appointed by the Board of Directors for a period of three years and is composed of the President, the General Manager and two Board Directors. It assists the Board of Directors in defining a consistent and balanced salary policy.
Established in 2009 and located in Moissy Cramayel, Cenaero France SASU is a 100 % subsidiary of Cenaero ASBL and is geared mainly to perform collaborative research and industrial services.
GOVERNANCE
ORGANIZATION CHART
GOVERNANCE 4
Technology LeadersKoen Hillewaert (Fluid Mechanics)
Nicolas Poletz (AM & Metallic Processes)David Dumas (Polymer Processes & Composite Lab)
Computational Multiphysics Software DevelopmentÉric Wyart
Turbomachinery Multiphysics Simulation & Design (Cenaero France)
Emmanuel Chérière
Turbomachinery Multiphysics Simulation & DesignLieven Baert
Methods for Structural Applications & ProcessesBenoît Dompierre
MinamoCaroline Sainvitu
Energy & BuildingsSébastien Pecceu
Board of DirectorsScientific Committee
General ManagementPhilippe Geuzaine
Management & Human Resource AssistantSéverine Quinet
Business Support & Finance Landry De Wulf
HPC & InfrastructureDanielle Coulon
QualityFrançois Thirifay
Research & TechnologyIngrid Lepot
Business Development & InnovationCécile Goffaux
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BOARD OF DIRECTORS (AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2017)
Tony Arts Observer The von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics
Nathalie Burteau Director Université catholique de Louvain
Jean-François Cortequisse Director Safran Aero Boosters
Grégory Coussement Director Université de Mons, représentant Igretec
Gérard Degrez Director Université Libre de Bruxelles
Pierre Galland Director Université Libre de Bruxelles
Pierre Guillaume Director Safran Aircraft Engines
Olivier Gillieaux Director Université de Liège
André Grégoire Director Sonaca
Guy Janssen Director GDTech
Philippe Lambin Observer Université de Namur
Fabian Lapierre Observer Région wallonne
Michel Milecan Chairman EWA (Entreprises Wallonnes de l'Aéronautique)
Jean-Philippe Ponthot Director Université de Liège
Didier Descamps Director Sabca
Nicolas Sottiaux Director Igretec
Michel Tilmant Director LMS Samtech
Grégoire Winckelmans Director Université catholique de Louvain
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SCIENTIFIC COMMITEE
Benoît Colson LMS Samtech
Gérard Degrez Université libre de Bruxelles
Grégoire Winckelmans, President Université catholique de Louvain
Grégory Coussement Université de Mons
Herman Deconinck The von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics
Ingrid Lepot Cenaero
Dimitri Gueuning Sonaca
Vincent Brunet Safran Aircraft Engines
Philippe Minot Safran Aero Boosters
Michaël Bruyneel GD Tech
Thierry Loréa Sabca
Vincent Terrapon Université de Liège
Philippe Lambin Université de Namur
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ANNUAL REPORT 2017
Additive ManufacturingAdditive Manufacturing (AM) technologies are today progressively adopted in industry and they must be considered from a fresh perspective in terms of process-product material design. The understanding and the mastering of the physical phenomena involved during the AM processes are major challenges to move towards improved components’ quality and optimized product/process. To achieve this, the research effort should rely on experimental studies as well as numerical modeling. The experimental data are used to formulate the most appropriate simulation hypothesis and methodology, and to feed and validate the models. This facilitates checking the processes for a given part beforehand, and eventually feeding a robust design tool, which incorporates manufacturing constraints, to optimize the process, the material and the product.
Research activities at Cenaero for AM technologies are broken down into three main axes:
• AM process modeling;• In-service behavior of AM products including lattice
structures;• Integrated design methods from conceptual to optimized
products.
Following the algorithmic development for AM process modeling of last year, meth-odologies were developed during 2017 to simulate the temperature and mechanical fields evolution during the process. Especially, a “layer by layer” macro-scale approach has been developed based on both process parameter and meso-scale model ensuring thermal energy conservation. This methodology has proven
to be able to detect the over-heating experimentally observed on technological samples with varying section (see Figure 1) within a collaboration with Any-Shape.
A similar approach has been applied both for thermal simulation coupled with immersed boundary method and for thermo-mechanical simulation to predict resulting distortions and residual stresses on a thick section specimen within a collaboration with Safran Additive Manufacturing (see Figure 2). A fairly good agreement between the simulation and experimental measurements has been found after cutting the sample both in terms of deformation mode and distortion magnitude.
In terms of micro and meso-scale, within the context of the IAWATHA project, the year 2017 has focused on extending the immersed boundary method, on moving interface in 3D and on the coupling with Navier-Stokes equations to target hydro-dynamic simulation of melt-pool in additive manufacturing. This will eventually allow to help understanding the influence of process parameter on its stability.
In addition, the high-order Argo thermo-mechanical solver was further improved and validated and will enable an accurate simulation of the residual stresses in manufactured component.
FIGURE 1: LAYER-BY-LAYER MACRO SCALE LBM PROCESS SIMULATION ON TECHNOLOGICAL SAMPLE WITH VARYING SECTION. TEMPERATURE FIELD AT DIFFERENT TIME STEP DURING THE PROCESS
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In addition, with regards to integrated design, the development of a dedicated design analysis tool within the framework of the CAFEINE project has started in 2017. This project aims to develop a proof of concept to evaluate and optimize the “printability” of metal parts produced by powder bed process. To help designers to assess their technological choices with respect to AM process constraints, a set of geometrical criteria
and rules commonly adopted in industry (such as support requirements, section variation, wall thickness, etc.) was integrated as a dedicated workbench in FreeCAD v0.17 (https://www.freecadweb.org) (see Figure 3). It will eventually enable an early identification of critical areas in the development cycle and bring multiple gains in competitiveness, cost and associated development time.
FIGURE 2: TEMPERATURE FIELD DURING THE PROCESS USING ON A NON-LAYER CONFORMING MESH USING IMMERSED BOUNDARY (LEFT) AND FINAL PART DISTORTION AFTER MACHINING OPERATION (RIGHT)
FIGURE 3: FREECAD CAFEINE WORKBENCH (LEFT). CRITICAL ANGLE ANALYSIS USING CAFEINE WORKBENCH ON AN AIRPLANE BEARING BRACKET: SURFACE REQUIRING SUPPORTS ARE HIGHLIGHTED IN RED (RIGHT)
GOVERNANCE
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Finally, a topology optimization strategy based on the level set and X-FEM has been developed. A parametrized level set strategy, which enables to parametrize the design with a well-defined and crisp interface between the solid and void phases, has been adopted and enables the use of a gradient-based algorithms as for the SIMP method. Different filtering techniques and geometric constraints, enabling local feature size control, have also been integrated to ensure that the optimized design will be manufacturable and deployable in practice. This topological optimization algorithm was tested on the GE jet engine bracket challenge (https://grabcad.com/challenges/ge-jet-engine-bracket-challenge) and an optimized design is presented in Figure 4.
Lifetime Assessment (Damage and Fracture Mechanics) In addition to historical activities in the field of fracture mechanics, Cenaero had in 2017 a particular focus on the development of innovative simulation tools for the full degradation scenario of a component: from sane materials to damage initiation, growth, development into macro cracks until complete failure. This damage model, called the Thick Level Set (TLS) method, was initially developed at Ecole Centrale de Nantes (ECN) by the team of Prof. Moës. In collaboration with ECN and funded through the CEMDAM project, Cenaero contributes to the development of the method with a special focus on the industrialization driven by realistic applications proposed by Walloon companies.
In a first step, an in-depth investigation of damage mechanisms occurring during shrinkage of a concrete elliptical ring was analyzed. The shrinkage from drying is restrained internally due to the presence of a metallic part. The successful comparison with experimental results gives a bright future to this method for this crucial problem of restrained shrinkage of concrete parts.
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FIGURE 4: GE JET ENGINE BRACKET OPTIMIZED DESIGN USING LEVEL SET AND XFEM TOPOLOGICAL OPTIMIZATION
FIGURE 5 : HALF-GEOMETRY OF THE PRE-STRESSED CONCRETE RAILWAYS SLEEPER
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In a second step, damage mechanisms occurring in a pre-stressed concrete railway sleeper are studied (see Figure 5). Loading includes the pre-stress itself as well as the restrained shrinkage due to the presence of the metallic wires. The simulation was able to highlight critical areas where damage and cracks could develop (see Figure 6). This information is particularly useful as these locations where unexpected, and in particular invisible from the outer surface. Thanks to additional simulations, alternatives have been proposed with reduced risks of damage.
In the field of linear elastic fracture mechanics, and more specifically the simulation of a pre-existing crack propagation submitted to fatigue loads, Cenaero has participated to various benchmarks proposed by Safran, EDF UK and the French research group Fatacrack. In addition to these benchmarks and our consultancy activities in the field, we continue to maintain and develop Morfeo/Crack. Our plug-in for Samcef was integrated into 4 different releases, including the major revision V18. A particular effort was devoted to the detection of potential problems during the setup phase.
Polymer ProcessesTooling for processes on composite materials is of prime importance when it comes to forming, injection and finishing of the parts. Process parameters as well as tooling geometry drive the compaction, curing and surface finish. While process experience and feedback from past realizations are both essential to increase part quality and first-time right, simulation is also an important enabler to increase the process know-how and reduce any deviations from the nominal geometry.
In the TECCOMA project, Cenaero focuses on the analysis of part tool interactions and predictions of the out of mold distortions and part quality that can be expected. Integrated composite structures are made of a multitude of plies, materials and thicknesses. These variables make it more complex to predict the exact effect resin cure shrinkage and differential thermal expansion coefficients will have on the part.
As composite processes are driven by mechanical, thermal and chemical evolution of the system, all of these are integrated into the multi-physics simulations. While material properties will depend on accurate and efficient material characterization campaign (both numerical and experimental), boundary conditions will be dictated by the process being studied and these will be crucial in reaching the best result.
For resin injection processes such as Resin Transfer Molding (RTM), the part will be in contact on all faces with the rigid tooling. This tooling will potentially have thermal expansion behavior that will be different to that of the part itself. Cenaero has worked in modeling different levels of complexity of the mold and see what gain in accuracy comes at what price in the modeling of composites. This has been done on a simple but representative geometry that can easily be exploited. A corner bracket made of three perpendicular faces is processed through Autoclave, RTM or Same Qualified Resin Transfer Molding (SQRTM) on an aluminum tooling.
FIGURE 6 : DAMAGE (COLORS) AND CRACKS (RED) DUE TO PRE-STRESS AND SHRINKAGE
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Taking the resin curing cycle, the tooling and part geometry (see Figure 7) and the different lay-up configurations, the distortions and stress levels in the part are predicted. Based on these, the way the part will deform after machining (trimming and cut at mid length) will change and deviations to the nominal geometry will reach angles up to 5 degrees (see Figure 8).
Through appropriate compensation techniques, the distortions are greatly reduced (typically down to 0.2° deviations), and this will make the difference between a part that can be assembled to others and a part that will show gaps or overlaps requiring more rework.
From a structural point of view, Cenaero’s simulations also bring insight on the conditions the part will be in under the RTM inner and outer pressure load. Excessive contact initiated at certain locations when applying pressure may shear the fibers, while the differential thermal expansion of the tooling and the composite can create loss of contact between the part and the tooling. Both of these result in higher risk of non conformal part production that should be identified as early as possible in the design stage. Friction between the part and the tooling is studied. Details such as fiber orientation against the tooling, longitudinal or through thickness temperature gradients show influence on the deformations and tool interaction (see Figure 9) taken from scientific publications.
As illustrated in Figure 10, shrinkage coupled to inadequate application of pressure on the mold leads to locations where the part will lose contact with the mold. Although the initial results are promising, further work is still planned to introduce the adequate material properties and behavior at the different stages of the curing process and phases the resin will go through.
These elements will be correlated experimentally through the manufacturing and monitoring/measuring capabilities available in Cenaero’s composite lab (see Section 6: Composite Laboratory). Together with partners such as Safran Aero Boosters, Sonaca, Sabca and Coexpair, the TECCOMA project will improve composite manufacturing capabilities of the aeronautical composite manufacturing sector in Wallonia, and potentially other sectors as well.
FIGURE 8: SPRING IN MEASUREMENTS ALONG THE LENGTH OF THE BRACKET AFTER DIFFERENT FINISHING STEPS
FIGURE 7: TEST BRACKET GEOMETRY AND ASSOCIATED TOOLING
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FIGURE 9: WARPAGE AND SPRING-IN EFFECTS DUE TO TOOLING INTERACTION AND THERMO-CHEMICAL SHRINKAGE
FIGURE 10: PART TOOLING INTERACTION AND CONTACT PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION DURING THE HEATING PHASE OF THE PREFORM
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Manufacturing Processes of Metallic StructuresTime reduction and improvement of quality in the field of industrial manufacturing and material forming require more and more the use of a virtual approach coupled with the classical trial and error method. In order to perfectly fit industry specific needs, a finite element software (Morfeo) is developed for the numerical simulation of manufacturing processes of metallic structures with among them, fusion welding with/without filler material, rotary friction welding and machining. Following the activities of the past six years, development of dedicated features were performed in close collaboration with industry.
Morfeo is interfaced with the precipitation kinetics (nucleation, growth, …) software PreciSo developed by INSA-Lyon. The interface allows to get insight into precipitate micro-structure evolution during welding. It was initiated in 2013 with fusion welding models (Lagrangian framework, fixed mesh) as first target. Its extension to friction welding models (updated Lagrangian framework, adaptive mesh) requires transport of the precipitate distributions when mesh topology changes. An original transport method was co-designed with PreciSo developers. The very first results obtained with a demonstrator show feasibility of the approach (see Figure 11). Further analyzes are foreseen to assess and improve the transport strategy.
The level-set based strategy developed in 2015 to account for filler material with fusion welding was investigated for coating-like processes. A shadowing feature was implemented. It is designed to prevent from coating surfaces which are shadowed by the one closest to the spray (see Figure 12). This
work was performed in the framework of 3DCoater project. Further assessment and development of such additional features are planned.
Besides the development of new features, improvement of the parallelization of Morfeo was pursued in the framework of HPC4WE project, mainly regarding the investigation of hybrid (SMP and MPI) parallel linear system solvers.
FIGURE 11: VOLUME FRACTION OF PRECIPITATES AT THREE DIFFERENT TIME STEPS IN A 2D SEMI-INFINITE MEDIUM (NOT ENTIRELY SHOWN) SUBJECTED TO A NON-MONOTONIC TIME-DEPENDENT HEAT FLUX (AT THE BOTTOM ~ WELDING LINE) WHILE A CIRCULAR RE-MESHING BOX IS TRAVELING UP AND DOWN, PARALLEL TO HEAT FLUX DIRECTION
FIGURE 12: SIMULATION OF COATING OF A GEARING. THE RED AREA IS THE DEPOSITED MATERIAL LAYER. ON THE LEFT, THE SHADOWING ALGORITHM IS NOT ACTIVATED AND THE SIMULATION PREDICTS NON PHYSICAL MATERIAL DEPOSITION. ON THE RIGHT, THE SHADOWING ALGORITHM IS ACTIVATED TO AVOID DEPOSITION INSIDE THE GEARING
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High Resolution CFD for Aerospace ApplicationsAn important part of the developments of the high order solver Argo has been dedicated in 2017 to its integration in an industrial simulation environment for Large Eddy Simulation of turbomachinery flows.
A first important point concerns the support of CGNS as the main database for storing the data associated to a computation and as a mean to exchange data between codes. To this end, Cenaero has been elaborating colloquially with many academic partners and Safran a proposal for extension for storage of high order solutions and a generalization of the storage of meshes in CGNS databases. These extensions are currently being finalized.
The direct generation of curved meshes is a second point of importance and is still an academic research topic, which is fortunately starting to make headway towards implementation in commercial tools. We can mention the collaborative research by Distene and Cenaero in the recently started ICARUS project or the recently announced collaboration between PointWise and NASA. In the short run, workarounds are still needed to support the computational campaigns. Over the past year, Cenaero has therefore integrated the software Gmsh with industrial tools for mesh generation, in view of curving reliably the straight-sided unstructured meshes. This involved upgrading the CGNS interface, reconstructing the CAD topology in order to match the mesh with the CAD, improving the robustness of the snapping onto the actual geometry with respect to tolerances and automatically establishing and applying periodic connections during curving.
A third point concerns the extension of the curved mesh database MAdLib in the frame of the ELCI project. This involved the migration of curved element operations from Argo to MadLib and their subsequent integration in the adaptation routines, which previously only supported linear elements. Another development concerns the automated computation and application of mesh periodicities, in particular for its
use during point searches, non matching connections and adaptation.
Also, the post-processing capabilities were extended. This mainly concerns the integration of a co-visualization strategy developed during the ATALANTA project and based upon the Catalyst software.
Finally, 2017 has also been a significant year in terms of computational campaigns on Tier-0 supercomputers. The first concerns the PRACE allocation R2Wall at the Jülich SuperComputing Centre. This campaign targeted the generation of detailed boundary layer statistics for wall model improvement (see Figure 13). Two further computational grants were obtained in 2017. The first one, called FullStuP, concerns a collaborative PRACE project at the Barcelona Supercomputing Centre. This campaign, performed in collaboration with MTU, Numeca and the University of Bergamo in the framework of the TILDA project, focuses on the DNS of a full LP turbine cascade (see Figure 14). The second grant concerns the INCITE project LES_Turbomach. In collaboration with Safran, it will be used to perform wall modeled LES of the multistage compressor Create2bis. During both projects, the new functionalities, in particular the CGNS interface for storing results, unstructured mesh generation and co-visualization will be used and further refined.
FIGURE 13: INTERMEDIATE RESULTS OF THE LES OF THE FLOW AROUND THE NACA4412 AIRFOIL AT RE=1.6 MILLION
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Turbomachinery Design Turbomachinery design has become a simulation-driven process, continuously confronted to the dual need to reduce the cycle time and to further integrate complexity and multiple physics. This duality pushes towards high-dimensional design spaces and favors a multi-simulation environment that assesses different operating points, disciplines, or even fidelity levels. To manage computational costs, surrogate-based optimization (SBO) is becoming a game changer in turbomachinery design, whether focusing on single components or on complete engine modules. Its integration at early stages of the design process boosts innovation and efficient decision taking. SBO is also widely used during the final phase of the design process to reach high performance and reliability.
In 2017, Cenaero pushed back the frontiers of high-dimensional design space SBO and demonstrated the capabilities and performance of the optimization platform Minamo in an industrial context. An aerodynamic optimization of a complete low pressure turbine has been successfully performed, considering more than 350 design parameters and 35 constraints. An efficient methodology to handle this type of problems has been developed and that takes full
advantage of Minamo’s capabilities with interactive and dynamic monitoring and data mining tools (see Figure 15). Substantial performance gains have thus been achieved while reducing the duration of design iterations.
Turbomachinery components have an important role to play in reducing noise as well as greenhouse gas emissions. European collaborative research significantly contributes to a cleaner and quieter aviation future. By preparing for Ultra High Bypass Ratio (UHBR) Aero Engines, the ENOVAL project focused on the next step of engine technologies to achieve or surpass the ACARE 2020 goals (50% cut in CO2 and 80% cut in NOx emissions) on the way towards Flightpath 2050.
FIGURE 14: PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF THE DNS ON THE MTU T161 CASCADE AT RE=90,000
FIGURE 15: INTERACTIVE AND DYNAMIC MONITORING AND DATA MINING TOOLS WITH MINAMO
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In the ENOVAL project, Cenaero has developed a new methodology to assess flutter stability analysis and applied it to the high-speed booster of the UHBR that has been designed and built by Safran Aero Boosters (see Figure 16 and Figure 17). This new methodology is based on unsteady simulations and exploits Minamo’s surrogate models and smart adaptive search algorithms to supply a maximum of relevant design insights at a minimal computational cost. Variations in rotational speed, throttling, eigen mode and nodal diameter of the booster have been analyzed to identify the zones on the performance map with minimal aerodynamic damping. Given the expensive nature of the unsteady flutter computations, the exploitation of surrogate models has allowed for a significant reduction of the computational cost. The experimental validation of the obtained results will be of great interest to validate the methodology and to improve the confidence in numerical results for flutter stability.
As a partner of the IRON project, within the Clean Sky2 Innovative Aircraft Demonstrator Platforms on Regional Aircraft (R-IADP), Cenaero participates in the design of an innovative low-noise propeller concept for a 90-passengers aircraft configuration. This design consists in reducing the noise footprint while confirming and possibly enhancing the advantage of turboprops on fuel consumption with respect to a turbofan aircraft. During the project, six low-noise concepts
will be studied by the partners (CIRA, Cenaero, GRC, NLR, ONERA, UNINA) starting from a baseline geometry provided by Dowty Propellers. Among these six concepts, two geometries will be manufactured and tested in the wind tunnel.
In 2017 the validation of the tools that will be used later on in the project has been performed based on the IMPACTA propeller (designed by Dowty Propellers, see Figure 18) for which experimental results are already available. The aerodynamic and aeroacoustic outputs have been analyzed and compared to the results obtained by other partners. A dedicated SBO design methodology for this multidisciplinary context will be further developed for the next phase of the project, where data mining capabilities and machine learning techniques are exploited for finding improved geometries, as well as for getting a better understanding of the design space.
FIGURE 16: ENOVAL HIGH-SPEED BOOSTER (COURTESY OF SAFRAN AERO BOOSTERS)
FIGURE 17: DEFORMATION OF THE ROTOR BLADE AT THREE DIFFERENT OPERATING POINTS
FIGURE 18: ILLUSTRATION OF
THE WAKE FOR THE IMPACTA PROPELLER
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Buildings and Smart Cities The Building Information Modeling (BIM) is a process existing since the 1970s, but particularly gaining popularity over the last few years. This is due to the combination of the compulsory adoption of numerical technologies among the society and the BIM promising impacts for increasing the construction sector productivity while increasing the quality of the delivered buildings. It essentially relies on the capacity at enabling all the actors of the Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) to work more efficiently together by sharing all the information of the building in a unified environment and allowing to exploit them on the principle of “by the right actor at the right time” along the building life cycle.
From an ICT point of view, BIM allows to go further than the traditional 2/3D CAD-based representation of a building by addressing it as a “collection of objects”, roughly speaking, that can be handled as such in the building numerical mock-up. Additional layers of data are also stitched to those objects to be informed first on their intrinsic features, such as cost, performance, raw materials used, and second on how those objects have been implemented, maintained, refurbished, declassified. This is enabled by the long-term development of standardized and open exchange file formats such as the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC).
This “building as a data-base” perspective and the development of adequate methodologies hence open the doors for bridg-ing the exploration of con-cepts at the architectural level to more and more detailed energy analyses that can bring a feedback to the design of the pro-ject as soon as the first decisions need to be tak-en. It also allows for pre-
fabrication and customization of buildings based on industrial and modular constructive systems since construction rules can be available in BIM, hence boosting their easier prescrip-tion and implementation by AEC.
This is precisely the goal of the two CIMEDE projects, led by “L’Atelier de l’Avenir” developing a wood-based modular prefabrication system whose specification rules will be available through BIM.
In this context, Cenaero is in charge of developing an IFC-compliant plug-in through Autodesk Revit’s API (see Figure 19) in order to automate several otherwise manual manipulations, and to include the actual material database into each project implementing the constructive system. By doing so, three main evaluations can be quickly done by the user: a building energy assessment, for which the actual material database has to be used, an acoustic evaluation from room-to-room, performed through the implementation of expert-based formulas provided by ULg-CEDIA, and a cost assessment based on the building metrics and the constructive system related portion. The automation of each of these tasks enables the user to explore multiple designs until reaching a satisfactory result in a quick and consistent mode.
5 RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY
FIGURE 19: AUTODESK INTERFACE FOR THE CIMEDE PROJECT
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Applied Thermo-Fluid Dynamics Cenaero has enriched its competences in applied thermo-fluid dynamics, particularly in its participation in the PCC80 project, led by Stûv. This project is part of fruitful collaboration between Cenaero and Stûv since many years. Previously involved in the design of a new burner for pellet-stove, Cenaero now contributes to the design of new product, a water-boiler using pellets as energy source, using high fidelity model based on CFD simulations. One challenge in the project is to optimize the heat transfer between the combustion area and the water heat exchanger and to reach a yield of at least 80% (ratio between heat transferred to water and the combustion energy). To succeed in this task, different physical phenomena must be addressed: heat release due to combustion, heat transfer between combustion products (hot fumes) and combustion chamber, heat exchanger, etc. To overcome the complexity of wood combustion modeling, normally composed of different phases (pyrolysis, gasification, combustion of gas, etc.), a pragmatic approach has been retained. Starting from a completed combustion assumption and a well-known combustion air excess and pellet composition, the fumes flow rate and composition are evaluated using classical combustion equations. A view of the temperature field inside the combustion chamber is given in Figure 20.
The modeling efforts have been concentrated on the heat transfer and especially the convective and radiative parts inside the combustion chamber. Indeed it is composed of many elements having different thermal behavior and radiative properties: steel parts forming the water heat exchanger, insulation panels, front door and its glass window. For the radiative heat transfer, a particular attention has been paid to the exchange inside the combustion products, hot fumes, and through the transparent glass window. A view of the temperature field is given in Figure 21.
Different models have been developed corresponding to different versions and designs tested by Stûv. The model’s assessments based on experimental data have enabled to obtain confidence in the numerical approach and to enter in the next phase of the project: the use of the numerical model in a predictive way to optimize the final design.
FIGURE 20: TEMPERATURE FIELD INSIDE COMBUSTION CHAMBER: LEFT SIDE WITH INSULATION, RIGHT SIDE WITHOUT INSULATION
FIGURE 21: TEMPERATURE FIELD, FRONT VIEW OF WATER-BOILER, LEFT SIDE WITH INSULATION, RIGHT SIDE WITHOUT INSULATION
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ANNUAL REPORT 2017
Design Space Exploration and OptimizationMinamo is Cenaero’s in-house design space exploration and optimization platform, tailored to answer design needs in various domains by tackling mixed variables mono- and multi-objective highly constrained optimization problems involving high-fidelity simulations. The Minamo platform encloses efficient surrogate modeling and adaptive search strategies allowing a smart exploration of high-dimensional design space, especially when available resources, in terms of computational capacity and/or time slots, are limited. The inherent surrogate-based paradigm, aided by advanced data analysis tools for a dynamic steering of the search process, allows to simultaneously acquire new knowledge (exploration) identifying promising areas of the design space and to further refine current designs (exploitation). The powerful data analytics features, such as analysis of variance, self-organizing maps or parallel coordinates plots, help to identify key factors and trades, to visualize and to discover patterns and correlations within the data and to better understand the impact of antagonistic goals on the search process, offering a thorough understanding of the conception space.
Cenaero has entered into a strategic partnership with NUMECA International in 2016 to promote multi-disciplinary optimization by integrating Minamo in the software environment FINE™/Design3D of NUMECA. The first version of FINE™/Design3D (v12.1) extending its capabilities through the coupling with Minamo was officially released in September 2017, offering to engineers the capability to efficiently explore and optimize within their design space with a very limited number of high-fidelity simulations.
The complete refactoring of Minamo towards a modular integrative algorithmic platform, allowing the advanced user to easily integrate any user-developed surrogate modeling or search strategy, has been pursued in 2017 with a first beta version of Minamo v3 in July 2017. The flexibility of this new architecture opens perspectives towards innovative advanced
developments in Minamo in order to strengthen our position as key optimization partner. Among others, developments in the algorithmic library have been performed in 2017 in order to enhance the capability of simulation failures allowing for a maximal exploitation of the available simulation data, resulting in more accurate surrogate models and a faster convergence of the search process.
Indeed, one of the key enablers for efficient simulation-driven optimization methodologies is to be able to avoid areas in the design space where simulation failures occur in order to drive the search process towards regions with higher numerical stability. Failed geometry regenerations, volumetric meshes with negative cells, and crashed or non-converged CFD computations are just a few examples. To solve the problem of failure data, two main approaches exist: imputation or discarding. Imputation-based methods replace missing data with substituted values, forcing the search process to avoid these failure regions. Minamo implements a smart discarding approach excluding failures for the generation of surrogate models predicting responses of interest while integrating a success/failure classifier into the optimization process to bias the search away from numerically unstable, failure zones. Imputing large values introduces artificial noise with typically a negative impact on the quality of the surrogate response models and a direct consequence for the efficiency of the search process. This is illustrated on a simple 2D analytical problem in Figure 22.
While the location of the failure zones is rather well predicted with the imputation approach, it is clearly shown that the prediction error of the models in the vicinity of the failure zones is extremely high and the feasible zone of the design space is not well captured. The performance of the Minamo’s strategy compared to the imputation method is significant, the precision of the surrogate responses models is very good and the feasible zone is also well identified. However, in a
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multi-simulation framework, e.g. the assessment of different operating points or different disciplines, the failure of a single computation does not necessarily imply the systematic failure of the other computations. Especially when multiple, expensive high-fidelity computations are involved, it is crucial to keep and exploit all reliable data and only discard the bare essentials. Therefore, a new success/failure handling approach has been implemented in Minamo allowing the definition of several local success/failure flags instead of one
global flag. This new feature, made possible thanks to the flexible code architecture, enables to build each response model with a maximal amount of information, and to couple them with the success models that are equally more accurate. The improved model quality, obtained by using partial information, allows for more efficient search processes.
Within a CIFRE doctoral research project in collaboration with Ariane Group and Université de Technologie de Compiègne and the ORFI project, activities have been performed to
FIGURE 22: ILLUSTRATION OF A 2D PROBLEM WITH FAILURE ZONES USING THE IMPUTATION APPROACH (TOP) AND THE SMART DISCARDING STRATEGY OF MINAMO COMBINING REGRESSION AND CLASSIFICATION SURROGATES (BOTTOM) : COMPARISON BETWEEN THE ACCURATE VALUES (LEFT) AND THE PREDICTIONS BY THE SURROGATES BUILT FROM 200 SAMPLES (RIGHT). FIGURES ARE COLORED BY THE OBJECTIVE VALUE AND HATCHED FOR REGIONS THAT DO NOT RESPECT THE CONSTRAINTS; THE RED STAR MARKS THE BEST KNOWN ACCURATE SOLUTION, THE BLACK SQUARE THE FAILED REFERENCE POINT
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ANNUAL REPORT 2017
develop efficient reliability analysis methods in Minamo, targeting small failure probabilities. There are numerous sources of uncertainties that should be considered in an engineering design and these methods allow to account for these uncertainties to assess the ability of systems or components to remain safe and operational during their lifecycle. An adaptive strategy smartly combining regression and classification modeling techniques has been investigated. In order to attain low probabilities, both modeling methods are blended using the principle of subset simulation. The main idea of the developed method is to explore before exploiting: the strategy starts with an exploration phase during which a regression approach is coupled with active learning and then switches to a more exploitation phase based on a classification approach associated with a dedicated enrichment criterion due to the lack of quantitative information in the failure zone.
This reliability analysis approach is currently tested to assess the probability of failure for damage tolerance of space engine component on an industrial application (see Figure 23). FIGURE 23: DAMAGE TOLERANCE CASE - TEG BLADE SUPPORT
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High Performance Computing FacilitiesThe Tier-1 supercomputer of the Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles operated by Cenaero entered its fourth year of operation. The supercomputer counts more than 14,000 compute cores delivering a compute capacity of more than 400 Tflop/s (Rpeak). It maintained a remarkable effective usage rate of more than 90 % and it showed a 99.5% availability over the year. The efficient operation of the machine has been continuously monitored by the steering committees gathering the interested parties, namely the Walloon Region, Universities – through the CÉCI consortium – and Cenaero, which will insure further improvements of the service provided to these communities.
Besides, Cenaero remained actively involved in the follow up of the participation of Belgium to the PRACE (Partnership for Advanced Computing in Europe) initiative which provides large-scale HPC resources in Europe. This framework also involves coordination of involvement of all interested parties in HPC in Belgium. Cenaero has also been involved in the EuroHPC initiative that aims to develop a pan-European High-Performance Computing and data infrastructure.
Composite Laboratory In the effort of studying better ways to manufacture and design composites, the Composites Innovation Lab of Cenaero was used over the past year in different research projects.
Manufacturing processes in composites are finding their way towards more environmentally aware technologies and materials. Consumables as well as materials are developed to reduce the environmental footprint. While the composite industry may be a far way from a circular economy, an important part of research is carried out to make this possible.
Cenaero has been involved through the MACOBIO project in the design and manufacturing with bio-sourced resins and
fibers. From the design point of view, work is mostly focused on defining appropriate designs taking into account adapted processes that in which increased levels of variability. An appropriate design with a wider tolerance on material or process properties can be done through a robust approach.
Equivalent properties can be reached with adapted designs (see Figure 24). Characterizations, demonstrations and life cycle analysis with bio-sourced composites will be further developed to bring more insight to the development of products reducing environmental footprint.
The CNC 5 axis machine is now used both for machining of plugs, tooling and molds for prototype and proof of concept manufacturing. Also this machine is used in the trimming and drilling of composite parts with dedicated composite tools to reduce fiber pull-out and delamination problems.
INFRASTRUCTURES 6
FIGURE 24 : MANUFACTURING OF BIO-SOURCES AND CONVENTIONAL COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
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ANNUAL REPORT 2017
The certification of Cenaero against the EN 9100:2009 standard firstly obtained in June 2013 has been successfully renewed after the 2017 external audit performed by Bureau Veritas certification. The audit highlighted amongst some other strengths that the client satisfaction is a value strongly integrated in Cenaero’s culture and that the teams’ reactivity contributes to its improvement. The audit also confirmed the ability of Cenaero, recognized by the clients, to supply services satisfying relevant technical requirements and the underlying competence and expertise of Cenaero’s employees.
The continuous improvement of Cenaero and its performance was besides pursued.
The capitalization of our developed technical expertise has been improved by a better exploitation of our projects database.
Moreover, adjustments in our Quality Management System (QMS) have also been conducted to take in account of the external evolutions. For instance, the purchase process has been updated to be compliant with the new legal framework in the public tenders. The transition towards EN9100:2016 has also been carefully prepared over the year. A fine grained analysis of the Cenaero’s context, including a better identification of the stakeholders and their requirements as well as the opportunities and the risks have led to the redefinition of our strategic axes.
The follow up of these actions and their results has been reviewed systematically by Cenaero’s Quality Steering Committee making sure that the planned improvements are effectively being considered and then implemented.
7 QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
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Journée des entreprises, Université de Mons February 23, 2017 ◗ Mons, Belgium
Journées de l’Industrie, Université catholique de Louvain March 8, 2017 ◗ Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
JobFair, Université libre de Bruxelles March 8, 2017 ◗ Bruxelles, Belgium
JEC (mission AWEX) March 14-16, 2017 ◗ Paris, France
Forum Entreprises, Université de Liège March 15, 2017 ◗ Liège, Belgium
Métamorphose March 28-29, 2017 ◗ Liège, Belgium
Bourget June 19-25, 2017 ◗ Paris, France
Smart City Wallonia September 19,2017 ◗ Marche-en-famenne, Belgium
SMART CITY EXPO November 14-16, 2017 ◗ Barcelona, Spain
8FAIRS & EVENTS
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ANNUAL REPORT 2017
3DCOATERPlateforme combinée d’outils de revêtement par voie humide et par voie sèche d’objets 3D à l’échelle pilote pré-industrielle (3D COmbined wet and dry CoATERs)
ERDF 2014-2020 (WAL) ULG (BE)
APPLES Aerodynamic Performance Prediction using Large Eddy First Doca (WAL) CENAERO (BE)
ATALANTA Accurate, adaptive Large Eddy Simulations for Aerodynamics and Wind Turbines Applications BEWARE (WAL) CENAERO (BE)
CAFEINE Développement d’outil d’aide à la conception pour la fabrication Additive FSN (FR) CENAERO (FR)
CASCADE Concentré de technologies d’avenir FSN (FR) TURBOMECA (FR)
CEMDAM Computation of structural EleMents with DAMage and fracture BEWARE (WAL) CENAERO (BE)
CIMEDE2 Construction Industrielle de Maisons Evolutives, Durables et Economiques 2
Plan Marshall (WAL)
ATELIER DE L’AVENIR (BE)
COMP2BLADES Composite à architecture complexe pour pales d’éoliennes Plan Marshall (WAL) FAIRWIND (BE)
ECOCITYTOOLS Plate-forme d’aide à la décision en matière de développement durable des villes et éco-quartiers
Plan Marshall (WAL) 1SPATIAL (BE)
EI-OPT Environnement Intégré d’Optimisation Multiphysique Plan Marshall (WAL) NUMFLO (BE)
ELCI Environnement Logiciel pour le Calcul Intensif FSN (FR) BULL SAS (FR)
ENOVAL Engine Module Validators FP7 (EU) MTU AERO ENGINES (GER)
HCOMP Développement de pièces en matériaux COMPosites Hybrides (verre-carbone) CWALity (WAL) SOBELCOMP (BE)
HIPAC Encapsulation Haute Température pour composants semiconducteurs de puissance
Plan Marshall (WAL) CISSOID (BE)
HPC4WE High Performance Computing for Walloon Enterprises Plan Marshall (WAL) GDTECH (BE)
IAWATHA InnovAtion en Wallonie pas les TecHnologies Additives ERDF 2014-2020 (WAL) SIRRIS (BE)
9 RESEARCH PROJECTS
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ICARUS Intensive Calculation for AeRo and automotive engines Unsteady Simulations FUI (FR) SAFRAN HE (FR)
IPANEMA Inlet PArticle Separator Numerical & ExperiMental Assessment CleanSky (EU) CENAERO (BE)
IRON Innovative turbopROp configuratioN CleanSky (EU) CIRA (IT)
LOOP-FC Amélioration des rendements d’une pile à combustible par l’intégration d’une boucle diphasique
Energie DGO4 (WAL) EHP (BE)
MACOBIO Matériaux composites biosourcés ERDF 2014-2020 (WAL) UMONS (BE)
MICROLAB Lab-On-Chip laser Micro-manufacturing Plan Marshall (WAL) LASEA (BE)
ORFI (Simulation) Optimisation Robuste et Fiabiliste Plan Marshall (WAL) NUMFLO (BE)
PCC80Mise au point d’une nouvelle génération de poêle-chaudière à condensation avec taux de récupération supérieur à 80% et ballon tampon intégré
Plan Marshall (WAL) STUV (BE)
PSIDESC Predictive Simulation of Defects in Structural Composites CleanSky (EU) CENAERO (BE)
QUALAM Quality in Addictive Manufacturing Recherche Collective (WAL) SIRRIS (BE)
SILENTHALPIC Ventilation décentralisé silencieuse & intelligente avec récupération de chaleur sensible et latente
Plan Marshall (WAL) AIRRIA (BE)
TECCOMA Technologies avancées pour pièces complexes et intégrées Plan Marshall (WAL) SONACA (BE)
TILDA Towards Industrial LES/DNS in Aeronautics – Paving the Way for Future Accurate CFD H2020 (EU) NUMECA (BE)
TOPPRINT Fonctionnalisation de pièces industrielles 3D par l’intégration robuste et fiable de circuiterie électronique
Recherche Collective (WAL) SIRRIS (BE)
WALL-E-CITIES ECO
Évaluation économique et transfert vers le tissu économique wallon
ERDF 2014-2020 (WAL) MULTITEL (BE)
WALL-E-CITIES ENR
Développement et application à l’échelle wallonne d’une boîte à outils numérique pour la gestion intégrée de l’énergie et de l’eau dans les villes 4.0
ERDF 2014-2020 (WAL) MULTITEL (BE)
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ANNUAL REPORT 2017
• J-S. Cagnone, M. Rasquin, K. Hillewaert, S. Hiernaux, “Large Eddy Simulation of a low pressure compressor cascade at high incidence”, 12th European Turbomachinery Conference (ETC), 3-7 April 2017, Stokholm Sweden
• K. Hillewaert, J-S Cagnone, M. Rasquin, “Developing DGM for LES of multistage turbomachinery, Parallel Computational Fluid Dynamics”, PARCFD, 15-17 May 2017, University of Strachlyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
• T. Benamara, P. Breitkopf, I. Lepot, C. Sainvitu, «Optimisation aérodynamique assistée par métamodèles POD multi-fidélité non-intrusifs», 13e colloque national en calcul des structures (CSMA2017), 15-19 May 2017, Giens, France
• R. Chocat, P. Beaucaire, L. Debeugny, J.-P. Lefebvre, C. Sainvitu, P. Breitkopf, E. Wyart, «Evaluation de la fiabilité en Mécanique de la Rupture assistée par un classificateur de machine à vecteurs de support», 13e colloque national en calcul des structures (CSMA2017) , 15-19 May 2017, Giens, France
• B. Dompierre, “Simulation of manufacturing processes @Cenaero”, Ecole Polytechnique, 29 May 2017, Palaiseau, France
• A. Frère, K. Hillewaert, P. Chatelain, G. Winckelmans, “High Reynolds Airfoil: From Wall-Resolved To Wall-Modeled”, DLES11, 29-31 May 2017, Pisa, Italy
• Z. Zeren, A. Châtel, J. Cagnone, M. Rasquin, K. Hillewaert, L. Bricteux, “Assessment of high-order discontinuous Galerkin methods on LES simulations of transonic flows”, DLES11, 29-31 May 2017, Pisa, Italy
• P. Schrooyen, J. Coheur, A. Turchi, K. Hillewaert, P. Chatelain, T.E. Magin, “Numerical Simulation of a Non-Charring Ablator in High-Enthalpy Flows by Means of a Unified Flow-Material Solver”, 47th Thermophysics Conference, 5-9 June 2017, Denver, USA
• T. Benamara, P. Breitkopf, I. Lepot, C. Sainvitu, “Multi-fidelity extension to non-intrusive Proper Orthogonal Decomposition models and dedicated surrogate based optimization methodology”, 12th World Congress of Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization (WCSMO12), 5-9 June 2017, Braunschweig, Germany
• O. Pierard, Y. Jin, S. Bordas, “Error-based mesh adaptation during crack propagation simulation with X-FEM”, CFRAC, 15 June 2017, Nantes, France
• R. Nakhoul, O. Pierard, “A Thick Level Set approach for the numerical Simulation of restrained shrinkage cracking in concrete structures”, CFRAC, 15 June 2017, Nantes, France
• S. Zein, D. Dumas, “Simulation of a Gaussian random field over a 3D surface”, 2nd International Conference on Uncertainty Quantification in Computational Sciences and Engineering, 15-17 June 2017, Rhodes Island, Greece
• P. Schrooyen, J.-S. Cagnone, N. Poletz and K. Hillewaert, “A High-order Extended Discontinuous Galerkin Method For Moving Immersed Interface Problems”, XDMS, 19-21 June 2017, Umea, Sweden
• A. Frère, K. Hillewaert, P. Chatelain, G. Winckelmans, “Towards Large-Eddy Simulation of wind turbine airfoils”, Wind Energy Science Conference, 26-29 June 2017, Lyngby, Denmark
• M. Rasquin, R. Balin, K. Jansen, B. Matthews, C. Smith, “Scalable Implicit Flow Solver for Realistic Wing Simulations with Flow Control”, Platform for Advanced Scientific Computing (PASC) Conference, 26-28 June 2017, Lugano, Switzerland
• T. Benamara, P. Breitkopf, I. Lepot, C. Sainvitu, “LPC blade and non axisymmetric hub profiling optimization using multi-fidelity non-intrusive POD surrogates”, ASME Turbo Expo 2017, 26-30 June 2017, Charlotte, USA
• N. Poletz, “AM process modeling based on Discontinuous Galerkin Method”, Workshop on metal additive manufacturing, 27-28 June 2017, Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium
• O. Pierard, Y. Jin, S. Bordas, “Error-based mesh adaptation during crack propagation simulation with X-FEM”, XDMS, 19-21 June 2017, Umea, Sweden
• L. Baert, P. Beaucaire, M. Leborgne, C. Sainvitu, I. Lepot, “Tackling Highly Constrained Design Problems: Efficient Optimisation of a Highly Loaded Transonic Compressor”, ASME Turbo Expo 2017, 26-30 June 2017, Charlotte, USA
• C. Beauthier, P. Beaucaire, C. Sainvitu, “A Surrogate-Based Evolutionary Algorithm for Highly Constrained Design Prob-lems”, SAEOPT – Surrogate-Assisted Evolutionary Optimisation Workshop @GECCO’17, 15-19 July 2017, Berlin, Germany
10 SCIENTIFIC & TECHNICAL DISSEMINATION
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• J. Blanchard, C. Beauthier, T. Carletti, “A Cooperative Co-evolutionary Algorithm for solving Large-Scale Constrained Problems with Interaction Detection”, GECCO ’17, 15-19 July 2017, Berlin, Germany
• A. Parmentier, D. Dumas, “Influence of Tool-Part Frictionnal Interaction on the Cure-induced Deformations in Thermo-set-based Composite Parts”, 21st International Conference on Composites Materials (ICCM-21), 20-25 August 2017, Xi’an, China
• C. Beauthier, P. Beaucaire, C. Sainvitu, “Surrogate-Based Evo-lutionary Algorithm for Highly Constrained Design Problems”, EUROGEN 2017, 13-15 September 2017, Madrid, Spain
• R. Nakhoul, O. Pierard, “Modeling Restrained Shrinkage-Induced Cracking in concrete elements using the Thick Level Set approach”, EAC, 12-14 September, Brussels, Belgium
• L. Arbaoui, P. Schrooyen, “Immersed interface Discontinuous Galerkin method for additive manufacturing thermal analysis”, Sim-AM 2017, 11-13 October 2017, Munich, Germany
• B. Wucher, R. Nakhoul, L. Arbaoui, “Multiscale modelling of the sintering process of printed nano-ink”, Sim-AM 2017, 11-13 October 2017, Munich, Germany
• A. François, L. Arbaoui, “Thermal analysis of the laser beam melting process based on high order discontinuous Galerkin method”, Sim-AM 2017, 11-13 October 2017, Munich, Germany
• G. Antoni, “Nonlinear finite element modelling and analysis of large repetitive lattice-type structures for additive manufacturing”, Sim-AM 2017, 11-13 October 2017, Munich, Germany
• R. Chocat, P. Breitkopf, L. Debeugny, E. Wyart, Reliability Assessment For Damage Tolerance Of Space Engine Component, Technical Interchange Meeting (TIM) on Fracture Control of Spacecraft, Launchers and their Payloads and Experiments, 2-3 November 2017, ESA-ESTEC, Noordwijk, The Netherland
• A. François, “Additive Manufacturing process simulation”, TEKK Tour, 6 November 2017, Mons, Belgium
• K. Hillewaert, “Development of the ArgoDG for SRS of Turbomachinery Flows”, MTU Scale Resolving Simulations Workshop, 13-14 November 2017, MTU HQ, Munich, Germany
• A. François, «L’apport de la simulation numérique dans l’industrie 4.0», ICT Meets Mecatech, 17 November 2017, Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium
• C. Beauthier, “Multi-disciplinary surrogate-assisted activities at Cenaero”», Seminar at the University of Exeter, 23 November 2017, Exeter, UK
• K. Hillewaert, J-S Cagnone, A. Frère, M. Rasquin, “High Order DG for LES of Turbomachinery Flows, International Workshop on Complex Turbulent Flows”, 27-28 November 2017, Tangiers, Morocco
• T. Van Hoof, “Numerical Design for patient specific P+ therapy treatment plan”, BioWin event - Tasting around artificial intelligence, 28 November 2017, Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium
• Dumas, A. Parmentier, B. Wucher, “Cure simulation, residual stresses and spring back analysis”, SIRRIS Composite Processes Masterclass, 4 December 2017, Brussels, Belgium
• B. Wucher, P. Martiny, F. Lani, T. Pardoen, C. Bailly, D. Dumas, “Simulation-driven mold compensation strategy for composites: experimental validation on a doubly-curved part”, Composites Part A
• P. Schrooyen, A. Turchi, K. Hillewaert, P. Chatelain, T. Magin, “Two-Way Coupled Simulations of Stagnation-Point Ablation with Transient Material Response”, International Journal of Thermal Sciences
• A-S. Crélot, Ch. Beauthier, D. Orban, C. Sainvitu, A. Sartenaer, “Combining Surrogates Strategies with MADS for Mixed-Variable Derivative-Free Optimization”, Optimization and Engineering, Manuscript Number: OPTE_2084
• R. Nakhoul, O. Pierard, “Modeling Restrained Shrinkage-Induced Cracking in concrete elements using the Thick Level Set approach”, RILEM Proceeding PRO 120, Volume 1
• S. Zein, A. Laurent, D. Dumas, “Simulation of a Gaussian random field over a 3D surface for the uncertainty quantification in the composite structures”, Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering
• A. Frère, K. Hillewaert, C. Carton de Wiart, P. Chatelain, G. Winckelmans, “Application of wall-models to discontinuous Galerkin” LES, Physics of Fluid
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ANNUAL REPORT 2017
11
Asset
31-12-17 31-12-16
Fixed Assets 1.132.498 1.925.764
Intangible fixed assets 0 1.407
Tangible fixed assets 887.646 1.485.887
A - Land and buildings 0 0
B - Plant, machinery and equipment 775.408 1.348.791
C - Furniture and vehicles 12.751 14.815
D - Leases and similar rights 0 0
E - Other tangible fixed assets 99.487 122.281
F - Assets under construction and advance payments 0 0
Financial assets 26.673 20.423
Financial assets receivable after one year
Ongoing work 218.179 418.047
Current Assets 7.018.273 4.940.029
Amounts receivable within one year 4.976.331 3.976.174
A - Trade debtors 1.260.064 818.428
B - Other receivables 3.716.267 3.157.746
Short term deposit 0 0
Cash and cash equivalents 1.920.843 780.992
Accruals 121.099 182.862
TOTAL 8.150.771 6.865.792
FINANCIAL RESULTS OF CENAERO ASBL
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Liabilities
31-12-17 31-12-16
Equities 2.854.359 3.437.212
Capital 422.128 422.128
Reserves 120.840 120.840
Accumulated Profit/Loss 1.541.085 1.472.483
Investment grants 770.306 1.421.761
Provisions and differed taxes
A - provision for risks and charges 0 0
Debts 5.296.412 3.428.580
Amounts payable after one year 3.983.312 2.318.281
Amounts payable within one year 1.010.268 847.484
A - Current portion of long term debts 0 434
B - Loans 0 0
C - Trade debts 326.150 224.039
E - Taxes, remuneration and social security 662.869 601.762
F - Other debt 21.249 21.249
Accruals 302.832 262.815
TOTAL 8.150.771 6.865.792
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ANNUAL REPORT 2017
11 FINANCIAL RESULTS OF CENAERO ASBL
Income statement
31-12-17 31-12-16
Revenues 5.990.351 6.329.049
A - Turnover 2.363.227 2.149.546
Ongoing work -240.717 57.550
D - Subsidies 3.731.229 4.047.232
E - Other operating income 136.612 74.721
Operating expenses 5.910.079 6.187.551
A - Raw materials, consumables and goods for resale 280.205 320.257
B - Services and other goods 1.375.150 1.338.634
C - Remuneration, social security and pension 3.449.198 3.234.228
D - Depreciation 714.111 1.288.002
E - Value reduction on stocks and receivables 87.272 0
G - Other operating expenses 4.143 6.430
Operating profit 80.272 141.498
Financial income 1.065 1.215
Financial expenses 4.334 9.710
Profit before taxes and extraordinary items 77.003 133.003
Exceptional revenues 0 3.751
Exceptional expenses 8.400 0
Result before taxes 68.602 136.754
Taxes 0 0
Profit for the period 68.602 136.754
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HOW TO CONTACT US
T. +32 (0)71 910 930F. +32 (0)71 910 931M. [email protected]/company/cenaero
CENAERO ASBL
Rue des Frères Wight 29B-6041 GosseliesBelgium
CENAERO FRANCE SASU
Rue Benjamin Délessert 462 - BP 83F-77554 Moissy-CramayelFrance
FEDER
LE FONDS EUROPÉEN DE DÉVELOPPEMENT RÉGIONAL ET LA WALLONIE INVESTISSENT DANS VOTRE AVENIR
