Annual Natural Gas Questionnaire Overview

© OECD/IEA 2013

Annual Natural Gas Questionnaire OverviewEnergy Statistics TrainingParis, 4-8 March, 2013

Ana-Luísa São-Marcos, HP ChungAnnual Gas Statistics

© OECD/IEA 2013

Natural Gas StatisticsPlan of the presentation

Background to Natural Gas StatisticsDefinitions; Global trends in Natural gas; Production, supply

and consumption

Structure of the QuestionnaireStructure and presentation; basic concepts, overview of the

tables, relations within the questionnaire

Data treatmentSubmission; verification; specific problems

Access Natural Gas information/data

© OECD/IEA 2013

comprises gases occurring in underground deposits, whether liquefied or gaseous, consisting mainly of methane. It includes:

Natural Gas StatisticsBasics

Natural Gas

• Associated gas – found in association with crude oil

• Non-associated gas – originating from fields producing hydrocarbons only in gaseous form

• Shale gas is included

• Colliery gas – methane removed from coal mines and coal seams

© OECD/IEA 2013

Natural GasGaseous gas Liquefied gas

Same methane (CH4) content

Volume of natural gas varies with temperature and pressure

Cooled at -160 degrees Celsiusand 1 atm

Different physical state

At the IEA measured at 15 degrees Celsiusand 1 atm

Liquefied gas shrinks more than 600 times in volume

© OECD/IEA 2013

* Other includes geothermal, solar, wind, heat, etc

World total primary energy supply (1971-2010)Mtoe

GAS

16% 21%

977 Mtoe

2721Mtoe

© OECD/IEA 2013

1226 bcm

3388 bcm

1971 2011

Natural gas production from 1971 to 2011billion cubic metres (bcm)

2.7 x

© OECD/IEA 2013

Natural gas production from 1971 to 2011 by regionbillion cubic metres

* Asia excludes China

1226 bcm 3388 bcm

71%36%

© OECD/IEA 2013

• Collecting

• Processing

• Disseminating

1 product = Natural Gas

© OECD/IEA 2013

Natural Gas - Production

Marketed Production

Vented

Gas Flared or reinjected

Removal of Liquids in Natural Gas

Processing Plants

Removal of Sulphur and Impurities

Extraction of Crude Oil and Associated Gas

Extraction of Non-Associated Gas

Other Separation (offshore wells)

Wellhead Separation

(onshore wells)

NGL

Crude Oil

Annual Oil Questionnaire

Associated Gas

Non-Associated

Gas

Colliery GasCoal Mines

Annual Gas Questionnaire

© OECD/IEA 2013

Natural Gas - Supply and Consumption

Marketed Production

Imports

Exports Stock Build

Inland Consumption

Transport

Transformation

IndustryResidentialCommercialAgriculture

Stock Draw

Distribution Losses

Energy

© OECD/IEA 2013

Questionnaire structureGas balance

ProductionImportsExportsStock Change

Statistical DifferenceTransformation

…Energy Sector

…Final Consumption

Transport…

Industry…

Other Sectors …

DemandInland Consumption

(Observed)

SupplyInland Consumption (Calculated)

© OECD/IEA 2013

Questionnaire structureGas balance

ProductionImportsExports…

Statistical DifferenceTransformation

…Energy Sector

…Final Consumption

Transport…

Industry…

Other Sectors…

Table 3Table 4Table 1

Table 2b

Table 2a

© OECD/IEA 2013

Table 2b

Inland consumption

Table 1 Table 2a Tables 3 & 4

Supply

Total final consumption

Exports/Imports

Table 5

Gas storage capacity

© OECD/IEA 2013

Table 2b

Inland consumption

Table 1 Table 2a Tables 3 &4

Supply


Exports/Imports

Table 5


© OECD/IEA 2013

Supply of Natural Gas, Table 1

Million m3 (at 15°C, 760 mm Hg)

TJ(Gross Calor.

Value)

Average GCV (kJ/m3)

Average NCV (kJ/m3)

A B C DIndigenous Production 1 0

Associated Gas 2 0

Non-Associated Gas 3 0

Colliery Gas 4 0

From Other Sources 5 0

Total Imports (Balance) 6 0

Total Exports (Balance) 7 0

International Marine Bunkers 8 0

Stock Changes (National Territory) 9 0

Inland Consumption (Calculated) 10 0 0 0 0

Statistical Differences 11 0 0

Inland Consumption (Observed) 12 0

Recoverable Gas

Opening Stock Level (National Territory) 13 0

Closing Stock Level (National Territory) 14 0

Memo:Gas Vented 15

Gas Flared 16

Memo: Cushion GasCushion Gas Closing Stock Level 17

Memo: From other sourcesFrom Other Sources - Oil 18 0From Other Sources - Coal 19 0From Other Sources - Renewables 20 0

Year & Country

© OECD/IEA 2013

Supply – Table 1

Indigenous Production• dry marketable production (after purification and extraction of

NGL and sulphur)• Exclude gas vented and flared, losses, reinjected quantities

Imports and Exports• are considered imported or exported when having crossed the

physical boundary of a country• Exclude transit and re-exports

Stock changes and levels• stock levels of recoverable gas, i.e. excluding cushion gas• change of stock is opening - closing stock level of recoverable

gas

Natural Gas QuestionnaireDefinitions and Basic Concepts

© OECD/IEA 2013

Units: Natural gas data are collected inVolume : million m3 - under Standard Conditions (15

degrees Celcius and 760 mm Hg)Energy unit : TJ - Gross Calorific Value

Conversionspecific kJ/m3 calorific value

• Indigenous Production• Imports• Exports• Inland Consumption (calc)• Inland Consumption (obs)


© OECD/IEA 2013

Table 2b

Inland consumption


Supply


Exports/Imports

Table 5


© OECD/IEA 2013

Inland Consumption, Table 2a

Unit: TJ (GCV)

Consumption

AInland Demand (Total Consumption) 1

Transformation Sector 2

Main Activity Producer Electricity Plants 3

Autoproducer Electricity Plants 4

Main Activity Producer CHP Plants 5

Autoproducer CHP Plants 6

Main Activity Producer Heat Plants 7

Autoproducer Heat Plants 8

Gas Works (Transformation) 9

Coke Ovens (Transformation) 10

Blast Furnaces (Transformation) 11

Gas-to-Liquids (GTL) Plants (Transformation) 12

Non-specified (Transformation) 13

Energy Sector 14

Coal Mines 15

Oil and Gas Extraction 16

Petroleum Refineries 17

Coke Ovens (Energy) 18

Blast Furnaces (Energy) 19

Gas Works (Energy) 20

Own Use in Electricity, CHP and Heat Plants 21

Liquefaction (LNG) / Regasification Plants 22

Gas-to-Liquids (GTL) Plants (Energy) 23

Non-specified (Energy) 24

Distribution Losses 25

Total Final Consumption 26

Only TJ, conversion in m3 is done at the IEA using Calorific value from Table 1 – Inland consumption obs.

Transformation sector

Energy sector

Inland Demand (Total Consumption)

Distribution losses


© OECD/IEA 2013

Inland Consumption - Table 2a

Transformation Sector• Natural Gas used for producing another type of energy

(electricity, heat) which is then used for final consumption

Example: Electrical power company (Main electricity producer)

Energy Sector• Natural Gas consumed by Energy Industry to support

extraction or transformation activity.Example: Liquefaction plants, Petroleum refineries

Distribution Losses (losses due to transport & distribution)

Total Final Consumption (end-use sectors)


© OECD/IEA 2013

Table 2b

Inland consumption


Supply


Exports/Imports

Table 5


© OECD/IEA 2013

Sector\Plant Electricity plant CHP plant Heat plantTransformation

Main activity producer

All production and all fuel used

All electricity and heat produced and all fuel used

All heat produced and all fuel used

Autoproducer All electricity produced and only heat sold with corresponding fuel used

Only heat sold and corresponding fuel used

Industry Natural gas consumed in heat and CHP plants for the production of heat used by the plant itself.

© OECD/IEA 2013

Inland Consumption, Table 2b Unit: TJ (GCV)

Energy Use Non-Energy Use

A B

Total Final Consumption 1

Transport Sector 2

Road 3 of which Biogas 4

Pipeline Transport 5 Non-specified (Transport) 6

Industry Sector 7

Iron and Steel 8 Chemical (including Petrochemical) 9 Non-Ferrous Metals 10 Non-Metallic Minerals 11 Transport Equipment 12 Machinery 13 Mining and Quarrying 14 Food, Beverages and Tobacco 15 Paper, Pulp and Printing 16 Wood and Wood Products 17 Construction 18 Textiles and Leather 19 Non-specified (Industry) 20

Other Sectors 21

Commercial and Public Services 22 Residential 23 Agriculture/Forestry 24 Fishing 25 Non-specified (Other) 26

Energy Use Total Final Consumption

Non-energy Use

Transport sector

Industry sector

Other sectors

TJ(GCV)

© OECD/IEA 2013

Final Consumption - Table 2b (= delivered to final consumers)

Different Use• Energy Use

Report Natural Gas used as fuel (E.g. Compressed natural gas for use in road vehicles, natural gas used in households for heating purposes)

• Non-Energy UseReport Natural Gas used as a raw material for

producing other products (Petrochemical Industry) E.g. Natural gas used as feedstock to make hydrogen

3 Sectors• Industry Sector (steel plants, cement plants, …)• Transport Sector (CNG in fuel stations, …)• Other Sectors (Households, hospitals, offices, …)


© OECD/IEA 2013

Table 2b

Inland consumption

Table 1 Table 2a Tables 3 & 4

Supply


Exports/Imports

Table 5


© OECD/IEA 2013

Imports/Exports, Tables 3 and 4

Million m3 TJ (GCV)

COUNTRY OFDESTINATION

Total Exports of which: LNG Total Exports of which: LNG

A B C D

Australia 1

Austria 2

Belarus 3

….

Pipeline+LNG

=

© OECD/IEA 2013

Imports / Exports - Tables 3,4

Requested Data• 2 Units: Million m3 and TJ• Total imports and LNG => pipeline is derived

Geographical Breakdown• 70 import origins• 65 export destinations

Trade• Importance of the ultimate origin or destination• Transit trade and re-exports are not to be included

© OECD/IEA 2013

Country A

Country B

A special case in trade reporting

Imports LNG

Regasification process (value added activity)

Exports Gaseous gas

This is not transit and should be reported in both Imports and Exports tables

© OECD/IEA 2013

Table 2b

Inland consumption


Supply


Exports/Imports

Table 5


© OECD/IEA 2013

Gas storage capacity, Table 5

Name TypeWorkingCapacity

(mcm)

PeakOutput

(mcm/day)

TOTAL

Gas security – important energy policy issue in gas consuming countries

In case of supply disruption it is crucial to know the available storage facilities in one region.

© OECD/IEA 2013

Gas Storage Capacity – Table 5

Location of the storage

Type of storage• Depleted oil and gas fields• Aquifers• Salt Cavities• for LNG if it is above, in or below ground and # tanks

Technical Characteristics• Working Capacity = total gas storage capacity minus

cushion gas • Peak Output = maximum rate at which gas can be

withdrawn from storage


© OECD/IEA 2013

Table 3Imports by Origin

Table 3Imports by Origin

Table 4Exports by Destination

Table 4Exports by Destination

Table 2Inland Consumption

= Transformation + Energy + Distribution Losses + Total Final Consumption

Table 2Inland Consumption

= Transformation + Energy + Distribution Losses + Total Final Consumption

Table 1Supply

Table 1Supply

Imports = Total Imports

Exports = Total Exports

Inland Consumption (observed)

= Inland Consumption

Table 2a

Net Inland Consumption by Sector

Table 2aInland

Consumption by Sector

Table 2bTotal Final Consumption by sector

Energy- use Non - energy use

Table 2bTotal Final Consumption by sector

Energy-use Non-energy use

Electricity and Heat

questionnaireTable 6a - 6c

Electricity and Heat

questionnaireTable 6a - 6c

Inputs to Gross Electricity and Heat Production

Oil questionnaire

Table 1

Oil questionnaire

Table 1

LPG

Coal questionnaire

Table 1

Coal questionnaire

Table 1

Renewablesquestionnaire

Table 1

Renewablesquestionnaire

Table 1Biogases

Manufacturedgases

Natural Gas QuestionnaireRelations between the tables

© OECD/IEA 2013

OECD … World …

What happens when data arrive at IEA?

© OECD/IEA 2013

What happens when data arrive at IEA? Questionnaire in excel format received via E-mail on

Generic Account Or data can be uploaded or entered into a web-based

version of the questionnaire (EDC) Data are loaded in the IEA databases Data are checked

• Arithmetically• Internal consistency• Inter-fuel comparison• Time Series Check• Comparisons of monthly and annual data• Comparisons with national publications

Natural Gas QuestionnaireData treatment

© OECD/IEA 2013

Tradeincreasing difficulties with liberalised markettransit trade is often reported as import / exportspot purchases exchange contracts

Unitsmeasurement in million cubic metres under Standard

conditions - often reported under Normal conditions data in TJ often reported as Net rather than Gross

Some specific problems regarding gas reporting

© OECD/IEA 2013

Natural Gas Information (hard copy, pdf)

CD-ROM

On-line Data Service• Pay-Per-View• Data download

Derived publications/analysis:• Energy Statistics of OECD Countries• Energy Balances of OECD Countries• CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion

Accessing Natural Gas information

© OECD/IEA 2013

Natural Gas Questionnaire

Exercise Preparation Key Points Units of Measurement Calorific Values Weighted Average Production Trade: Imports and Exports Electricity and Heat Generation

© OECD/IEA 2013


Energy- Terajoule (TJ) Physical- Volume: 106 cubic meters (Mm3) Volume varies with temperature and pressure

Normal Condition0 ⁰C (273.15 K), 760 mm Hg (1 atm)

Conversion Factors

Units of Measurement

Standard Condition15 ⁰C (288.15 K), 760 mm Hg (1

atm)

1 m30.948 m3x 0.948

x 1.055

© OECD/IEA 2013


Energy- Terajoule (TJ) Physical- Volume: 106 cubic meters (Mm3) Volume varies with temperature and pressure

Normal Condition0 ⁰C (273.15 K), 760 mm Hg (1 atm)

Conversion Factors

Units of Measurement

Standard Condition15 ⁰C (288.15 K), 760 mm Hg (1

atm)

1 m30.948 m3x 0.948

x 1.055

Same energy content

© OECD/IEA 2013


Units of MeasurementIn the questionnaire, data must be reported: For volume: Mm3 in the standard condition For energy: TJ on the basis of Gross Calorific Value

(GCV)

© OECD/IEA 2013


Calorific ValuesThe calorific value is heat value obtained from one volume unit of gas (e.g. TJ/Mm3)Gross Calorific Value (GCV) includes all the heat released by the fuelNet Calorific Value (NCV) excludes the latent heat of vaporizationThe difference between NCV and GCV is typically about 10% for natural gas.

For natural gas: NCV ≈ 0.9 GCV

© OECD/IEA 2013


Calorific ValuesCalorific values of gas may differ for different flows such as:

Production from different fields or same field but different reservoirsImports from different countries

Calorific values change over time (e.g. imports from different countries)Use a weighted average that takes into account the proportional magnitude of each component rather than treating the components equally

© OECD/IEA 2013


Weighted Average Calorific ValueDefinition:

where: CV = Calorific Value (e.g. kJ/kg) Quantity = Physical Quantity (e.g. kg)

© OECD/IEA 2013


Weighted Average Calorific ValueExample:Country AFields Production Calorific Value EnergySite 1 10 Mm3 30 TJ/Mm3 300 TJSite 2 20 Mm3 35 TJ/Mm3 700 TJTotal 30 Mm3 ? 1 000 TJ

© OECD/IEA 2013

Example:Country A


Weighted Average Calorific Value

Fields Production Calorific Value EnergySite 1 10 Mm3 30 TJ/Mm3 300 TJSite 2 20 Mm3 35 TJ/Mm3 700 TJTotal 30 Mm3 33.3 TJ/Mm3 1 000 TJ

© OECD/IEA 2013

Natural Gas QuestionnaireProduction Flow

© OECD/IEA 2013


© OECD/IEA 2013


© OECD/IEA 2013


© OECD/IEA 2013


Trade: Imports and ExportsImports: ultimate origin of gas (country of production)Exports: ultimate destination (country of consumption)Transit and Re-exports not include in trade balances

Example:Russia exports 200 m3 of natural gas. The pipeline goes through Ukraine before reaching Poland. Ukraine consumes 100 m3 and the rest goes to Poland. Then, Poland consumes 50 m3 of the natural gas and exports 50 m3 to Czech Republic

© OECD/IEA 2013


200 m3

Russian Federation

Ukraine 100 m3

Consumed

© OECD/IEA 2013


200 m3

Russian Federation

Poland50 m3

Consumed 100 m3Ukraine 100 m3

Consumed

© OECD/IEA 2013


200 m3

Russian Federation

Poland50 m3

Consumed 100 m3Ukraine 100 m3

Consumed50 m3

Czech Rep.50 m3

Consumed

© OECD/IEA 2013


Trade: Imports and ExportsExample:Russian Federation

Ukraine imports 100 m3 from Russian FederationPoland imports 50 m3 from Russian FederationCzech Rep. imports 50 m3 from Russian Federation

Country ExportsCzech Rep. 50 m3

Poland 50 m3

Ukraine 100 m3

© OECD/IEA 2013


Electricity and Heat GenerationGeneration plants are classified by output:

Electricity-only plantsCHP (Combined Heat and Power) plantsHeat-only plants

Generation plants are also classified by function:Main Activity Producers (ex. Nuclear power plant)Autoproducers (ex. Steel mill producing electricity)

© OECD/IEA 2013


Exercise Preparation Key Points Units of Measurement Calorific Values Weighted Average Production Trade: Imports and Exports Electricity and Heat Generation

© OECD/IEA 2013


Thank you

[email protected]

Documents

Annual Natural Gas Questionnaire Overview