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www.eia.govU.S. Energy Information Administration Independent Statistics & Analysis
Annual Energy Outlook 2016
Renewables Working Group
Preliminary Results
Renewables AEO2016 Working Group
February 9, 2016| Washington, DC
By
EIA, Renewable Electricity Analysis Team
WORKING GROUP PRESENTATION FOR DISCUSSION PURPOSES
DO NOT QUOTE OR CITE AS RESULTS ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE
Overview
2Renewable Electricity Analysis Team
February 9, 2016
• Key policy provisions
• Update on CPP model representation
• Update on status of Leidos capital cost study
• Preliminary results
WORKING GROUP PRESENTATION FOR
DISCUSSION PURPOSES. DO NOT QUOTE OR
CITE AS RESULTS ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE.
Assumptions
3Renewable Electricity Analysis Team February 9,
2016
WORKING GROUP PRESENTATION FOR
DISCUSSION PURPOSES. DO NOT QUOTE OR
CITE AS RESULTS ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE.
AEO 2016 reflects new RPS policies and the
ITC/PTC extension
4Renewable Electricity Analysis Team
February 9, 2016
• RPS updates:
– Vermont 75% RPS, Hawaii 100% RPS, California 50% RPS
– We do not directly model HI, but evaluated an exogenous representation of
their targets to include in results accounting
– Kansas has ended their RPS requirement
• ITC/PTC were extended in December 2015:
– ITC for utility-scale solar will remain at 30% through the end of 2019, then
decrease to 10% by 2022.
– PTC for wind is extended at full value through 2016, then phase down to zero
for projects under construction by 2020.
WORKING GROUP PRESENTATION FOR
DISCUSSION PURPOSES. DO NOT QUOTE OR
CITE AS RESULTS ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE.
AEO2016 Reference case final Clean Power
Plan must assume some policy choices
5Renewable Electricity Analysis Team
February 9, 2016
• The Reference case will assume that states select a mass-
based approach that covers both new and existing sources
• Credit trading will be represented at the EMM region level
• Allowances will be allocated to load serving entities
• Side cases will explore alternative approaches
– Rate-based regulation
– Credit trading at the interconnect level
– Allocation of allowances to generators
– No CPP case
WORKING GROUP PRESENTATION FOR
DISCUSSION PURPOSES. DO NOT QUOTE OR
CITE AS RESULTS ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE.
We have commissioned a new study to
update power-sector capital costs
6Renewable Electricity Analysis Team
February 9, 2016
• We have limited the scope of the update to technologies we
think may have changed substantially and technologies that
are likely to be built in the model
• The initial cost estimates are complete
• Stakeholder outreach identified several key questions/issues
– Need for a 111b compliant coal technology
– Lack of differentiation between fixed tilt and tracking PV costs
– Large discrepancy for wind costs with other public sources
WORKING GROUP PRESENTATION FOR
DISCUSSION PURPOSES. DO NOT QUOTE OR
CITE AS RESULTS ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE.
Costs have seen the most change for coal,
solar, and wind
7Renewable Electricity Analysis Team
February 9, 2016
* Technology specification on some items may have changed from report to report. Pulverized coal has changed from super-critical to ultra-
supercritical with 30% CCS.
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
Pulverized Coal * Coal/Biomass Co-Fire
(15%Biomass)
Adv Gas/OilComb. Cycle
Conv Gas/OilComb Cycle
ConventionalComb. Turbine
Advanced Comb.Turbine
PV (fixed tilt) PV (tracker) Wind Farm -Onshore
Total Overnight Capital Costs (2014$/KW)Leidos 2015 (latest) AEO 2015 SAIC 2013 R.W. Beck 20102014$/KW
WORKING GROUP PRESENTATION FOR
DISCUSSION PURPOSES. DO NOT QUOTE OR
CITE AS RESULTS ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE.
New wind costs yield a capacity-weighted average of approximately
$1770/kW (in 2015$), when compared to 2014 capacity additions
8
• LBNL reports $1743/kW cap-wt average for 2014 ( 2015$, reported as $1710/KW in
2014$)
Region
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
Net Reg.
Cost
(2015$/KW) 1,654 2,444 2,256 1,861 2,301 2,301 2,301 2,301 2,301 2,256 2,256 2,444 2,256 2,444 2,444 2,444 1,555 1,555 2,021 2,021 2,021 1,555
2014 New
Cap. (MW) 577 0 0 1,259 0 0 0 37 0 317 240 0 0 0 0 0 0 1781 0 331 20 235
Renewable Electricity Analysis Team
February 9, 2016
WORKING GROUP PRESENTATION FOR
DISCUSSION PURPOSES. DO NOT QUOTE OR
CITE AS RESULTS ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE.
EIA has adjusted capacity factor assumptions up by 3 pts to
reflect recent turbine models
9
• However, cap-wt avg. capital costs approx. match recent installations
– Performance also reflects performance of the fleet, not just an individual model
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Number of Observations
Annual Net Capacity Factor
CF Distribution, Wind Plants Built in 2011-2013
Class 3Class 6
Class 3
Class 6
AEO 15 performance by class2015 vintage
NREL estimated performance by class,GE 1.7 x 100 m
Class 6
48%
Class 5
43%
Class 4
38%Class 3
33%
AEO 16 performance by class2015 vintage
Renewable Electricity Analysis Team
February 9, 2016
WORKING GROUP PRESENTATION FOR
DISCUSSION PURPOSES. DO NOT QUOTE OR
CITE AS RESULTS ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE.
Solar PV costs decline sharply in the short-term, and continue to
decrease slowly in the long-term
10
• Initial PV costs are ~20% lower; increased PV uptake results in faster, deeper cost reductions
over time
• For 2014, LBNL reports $3,800/kW cap-wt average (all tech), with $2,800/kW median for fixed-tilt
c-Si
Renewable Electricity Analysis Team
February 9, 2016
WORKING GROUP PRESENTATION FOR
DISCUSSION PURPOSES. DO NOT QUOTE OR
CITE AS RESULTS ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE.
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
2014 2019 2024 2029 2034 2039 2044
PV Cost Trajectory
AEO2016 AEO2015$/kW
EIA PV learning is more optimistic than fleet average, similar to
fixed tilt average
11
• Note: AEO shows gross cost reduction from learning and macro cost adjustments
$/W
ac
Cumulative Installed Capacity (MW)
~5% reduction in cost per doubling of capacity
~10% reduction in cost per doubling of capacity
1.00
10.00
1 10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000 1,000,000
LBNL, all tech
LBNL, Fix c-Si
AEO 2016
Renewable Electricity Analysis Team
February 9, 2016
WORKING GROUP PRESENTATION FOR
DISCUSSION PURPOSES. DO NOT QUOTE OR
CITE AS RESULTS ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE.
Results
12Renewable Electricity Analysis Team
February 9, 2016
WORKING GROUP PRESENTATION FOR
DISCUSSION PURPOSES. DO NOT QUOTE OR
CITE AS RESULTS ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE.
Summary results changes in renewables
• More renewable capacity additions through 2025 and 2030-
2040. Renewable capacity is over 30% higher by 2040 in the
AEO2016 than AEO2015, primarily from solar PV and wind.
• Growth results from 3 major changes to AEO
– Extension and phase-out of federal tax credits
– Implementation of the Clean Power Plan
– Lower initial cost assumptions
• Natural gas prices still play a big role in renewable electricity
markets
• Mass-based CPP implementation is less favorable to
renewables than rate-based
13Renewable Electricity Analysis Team
February 9, 2016
WORKING GROUP PRESENTATION FOR
DISCUSSION PURPOSES. DO NOT QUOTE OR
CITE AS RESULTS ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE.
Natural Gas prices are significantly lower than
AEO 2015
14Renewable Electricity Analysis Team
February 9, 2016
WORKING GROUP PRESENTATION FOR
DISCUSSION PURPOSES. DO NOT QUOTE OR
CITE AS RESULTS ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE.
$0.00
$1.00
$2.00
$3.00
$4.00
$5.00
$6.00
$7.00
$8.00
$9.00
2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040
2013$/M
MB
tu
Coal-AEO2016 Reference Gas-AEO2016 Reference
Coal-AEO2015 Reference Gas-AEO2015 Reference
Coal-CPP2015 Gas-CPP 2015
Source: Ref2016.0206a, Ref2015.0209a, rf15_111_all.0306a
15Renewable Electricity Analysis Team
February 9, 2016
WORKING GROUP PRESENTATION FOR
DISCUSSION PURPOSES. DO NOT QUOTE OR
CITE AS RESULTS ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040
History Projections
AEO2015 Reference
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040
Cap
acit
y A
dd
ed
(G
W)
Coal Other Nuclear Oil and Gas Wind Solar
AEO2016 Reference
Additions to electricity generating capacity in the
AEO2015 Reference case, 2000-2040
Natural gas and coal-fired generation, EIA CPP Study 2015 vs. preliminary
AEO2016
16
WORKING GROUP PRESENTATION FOR
DISCUSSION PURPOSES. DO NOT QUOTE OR
CITE AS RESULTS ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE.
Billion kilowatthours Billion kilowatthours
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
Coal-AEO2015 Reference
Gas-AEO2015 Reference
Renew-AEO2015 Reference
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
Coal-AEO2016 Reference
Gas-AEO2016 Reference
Renewables-AEO2016 Reference
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
Coal-2015 CPP 2015
Gas-CPP 2015
Renewables-CPP 2015
Source: Ref2016.0206a, Ref2015.0209a, rf15_111_all.0306a
Renewable Electricity Analysis Team
February 9, 2016
Renewable generation in AEO2016 is 43% higher by 2040 than
in AEO 2015, but lower than proposed CPP rule analysis
17Renewable Electricity Analysis Team
February 9, 2016
WORKING GROUP PRESENTATION FOR
DISCUSSION PURPOSES. DO NOT QUOTE OR
CITE AS RESULTS ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE.
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040
Renewable Generation (bill KWh)
AEO2016 AEO2015 AEO2015-CPP
Source: Ref2016.0206a, Ref2015.0209a, rf15_111_all.0306a
Solar grows to over 200 GW by 2040, with growth in both
utility and distributed sectors
18Renewable Electricity Analysis Team
February 9, 2016
WORKING GROUP PRESENTATION FOR
DISCUSSION PURPOSES. DO NOT QUOTE OR
CITE AS RESULTS ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE.
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040
Utility Solar (bill KWh)AEO2016 AEO2015 AEO2015-CPP
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040
Solar PV--End Use (bill KWh)
Source: Ref2016.0206a, Ref2015.0209a, rf15_111_all.0306a
Wind generation by 2040 is 42% higher in AEO2016 than in
AEO2015, but lower than rate-based proposed CPP rule
analysis
19Renewable Electricity Analysis Team
February 9, 2016
• Near-term growth is accelerated by PTC extension
– In longer-term, PV and low NG prices constrain growth
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040
Wind Generation (bill KWh)
AEO2016 AEO2015 AEO2015-CPP
Source: Ref2016.0206a, Ref2015.0209a, rf15_111_all.0306a
WORKING GROUP PRESENTATION FOR
DISCUSSION PURPOSES. DO NOT QUOTE OR
CITE AS RESULTS ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE.
Biomass generation is down at both dedicated and co-fired
facilities relative to AEO 2015
20Renewable Electricity Analysis Team
February 9, 2016
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
2000 2010 2020 2030 2040
Generation at dedicated biomass plants(bill KWh)
AEO2016 AEO2015 AEO2015-CPP
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
2000 2010 2020 2030 2040
Generation at cofiring biomass plants(bill KWh)
Source: Ref2016.0206a, Ref2015.0209a, rf15_111_all.0306a
WORKING GROUP PRESENTATION FOR
DISCUSSION PURPOSES. DO NOT QUOTE OR
CITE AS RESULTS ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE.
Geothermal growth is also constrained by more competitive PV
and natural gas
21Renewable Electricity Analysis Team
February 9, 2016
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040
Geothermal Generation(bill KWh)
AEO2016 AEO2015 AEO2015-CPP
Source: Ref2016.0206a, Ref2015.0209a, rf15_111_all.0306a
WORKING GROUP PRESENTATION FOR
DISCUSSION PURPOSES. DO NOT QUOTE OR
CITE AS RESULTS ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE.
Hydroelectric maintains historical generation levels
22Renewable Electricity Analysis Team
February 9, 2016
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040
Hydroelectric Generation (bill KWh)
AEO2016 AEO2015 AEO2015-CPP
Source: Ref2016.0206a, Ref2015.0209a, rf15_111_all.0306a
WORKING GROUP PRESENTATION FOR
DISCUSSION PURPOSES. DO NOT QUOTE OR
CITE AS RESULTS ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE.
For more information
Renewable Electricity Analysis Team
February 9, 2016 23
U.S. Energy Information Administration home page | www.eia.gov
Annual Energy Outlook | www.eia.gov/aeo
Short-Term Energy Outlook | www.eia.gov/steo
International Energy Outlook | www.eia.gov/ieo
Monthly Energy Review | www.eia.gov/mer
Today in Energy | www.eia.gov/todayinenergy
State Energy Portal | www.eia.gov/state
WORKING GROUP PRESENTATION FOR
DISCUSSION PURPOSES. DO NOT QUOTE OR
CITE AS RESULTS ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE.
Supplemental Slides
Renewable Electricity Analysis Team
February 9, 2016 24
WORKING GROUP PRESENTATION FOR
DISCUSSION PURPOSES. DO NOT QUOTE OR
CITE AS RESULTS ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE.
NREL “modeled” turbine performance provides a reasonable
bracket around observed performance for popular models
25
• Newer model used by Leidos lacks sufficient data for calibration
• Modeled performance skews a bit high
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
0.22 0.26 0.3 0.34 0.38 0.42 0.46 0.5 0.54 0.58
Nu
mb
er
of
Ob
serv
ati
on
s
Capacity Factor
Frequency Distribution of Capacity Factors (GE 1.5 SLE)
2013 2014Class 3
(32%)
Class 5
(40%)
Class 4
(37%)
Class 6
(44%)
Class 7
(52%)
Modeled NREL performance bywind class
Renewable Electricity Analysis Team
February 9, 2016
WORKING GROUP PRESENTATION FOR
DISCUSSION PURPOSES. DO NOT QUOTE OR
CITE AS RESULTS ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE.
Model changes in other areas may have significant impact on
the electric power sector
26Renewable Electricity Analysis Team
February 9, 2016
• Preliminary macro-economic updates suggest lower interest
rates, lower construction-cost escalation factors
– This is making the more capital intensive technologies (nuclear and
renewables) more attractive
• Near-term natural gas costs are lower than last year
– Longer-term price path remains to be seen
• With the CPP in place, slowing demand growth may have
less of an impact than in previous years
– Substantial coal retirements/re-dispatch will create opportunities for new
capacity not seen in several years
WORKING GROUP PRESENTATION FOR
DISCUSSION PURPOSES. DO NOT QUOTE OR
CITE AS RESULTS ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE.