ANNEXUREI BRICK INDUSTRY CLUSTER IN MALURshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/87728/18/18...ANNEXUREI BRICK INDUSTRY CLUSTER IN MALUR Intermittent Downdraught Kiln Fuel for Brick

ANNEXUREI BRICK INDUSTRY CLUSTER IN MALUR

Intermittent Downdraught Kiln

Fuel for Brick Kilns (Eucalyptus Leaves)

136

IDK Firing Chamber

Air Pollution in the Unit

137

Ash in the Unit

Brick Units Cluster in Malur

138

BRICK INDUSTRY CLUSTER IN TIRUVALLUR

I I ^^^^^^^^^^^^K ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^HV

PP "'•^wr:^

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Continuous Kiln

Brick Moulding

139

Fuel for Brick Kilns (Coal)

Air Pollution in the Unit

140

Brick Units Cluster in Tiruvallur

BRICK INDUSTRY CLUSTER IN KRISHNA

Rural Clamp Kiln

141

Brick Moulding

Fuel for Brick Kilns (Coal)

142

Rice Husk

Clamp Firing

143

Brick Units Cluster in Krishna

144

ANNEXURE II UNIT ADDRESS - BRICK CLUSTER, MALUR

SI. No.

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

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14

15

16

17

18

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20

21

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23

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25

26

27

28

29

Company / Unit owner

CBI, Narayanasvvamy

SVB, Nagaraj

SVB, Anand Reddy

MTB, Syed Pasha

SKB, Samiulla

Royal Brick Works, Asiff

MTB, Chinna Reddy

Srinivasa Brick Works, Srinivas

SVB, Sarvar Basha

SLV, Venkatesh

SVB, Krishna Reddy

Tirumala Natesh Bricks, N.R.Srinath

Bagavathi Bricks, Bagavathi

BBI, Sri Byraveshwara Bricks

SVB, Shankar

MTB, Krishna Singh

MTB, Chandrashekar

CBI, Chinnaiah

MTB, Manjunatha

MTB, Thammana

MTB, Ravi

BBC, Ajith

MTB, Shammana

ALA, Anjanadri

Srinivasa Brick Works, D.T.Putappa

Venugopal Brick Works, Appayanna

MTB, Aleem

Sri Ragahvendra Brick Works, Jaipal

Sri Lakshmi Venkateshwara Brick Works, K Muniswamy

Address

Tekal Road, Malur

Tekal Road, Malur

Tekal Road, Malur

Tekal Road, Malur

Tekal Road, Malur

Tekal Road, Malur

Tekal Road, Malur

Tekal Road, Malur

Tekal Road, Malur

Tekal Road, Malur

Tekal Road, Malur

Gudnahally Road, Malur

Kadadenahally Road, Malur Taluk

Kadadenahally Road, Malur Taluk

Masthi Road, Malur

Masthi Road, Malur

Masthi Road, Malur

Masthi Road, Malur

Masthi Road, Malur

Masthi Road, Malur

Chennakal, Malur

Chennakal, Malur

Chennakal, Malur

Chennakal, Malur

Old Masthi Road, Malur

Dypsandra Road, Malur




145

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

40

41

42

43

44

45

46

47

48

49

50

Sri Kumbeshwara Bricks, Kumar

Ranganatha Brick Works, Narayanaswamy

MTB, Devaraj

SAB, Rathnamma

MTB, Harish

MBW, Harish

PMI, Hanumantha Reddy

PMI, Narayana Reddy

MTB, Manjanna

MTB, Gopala Reddy

PMI, Ramareddy

AHB, Manju

MTB, Manjunatha

MTB, Lakshmi Narayana

SPB, Errappa

Sri Manneshwara Brick Works, M Balaraj

KRB, Krishnappa

Venugopal Brick Works, Ragahavendra

Maruthi Brick Works, Hemanth

VBI, Prakash

Sri Venkateshwara Bricks, H.R. Venu Gopala Krishna



Lakkur, Malur

Lakkur, Malur

Lakkur Malur,

Chikka Tirupathi, Malur






Seegapura, Malur

Hoskote Road, Malur

Hoskote Road, Malur

Hoskote Road, Malur

Hoskote Road, Malur

Kolar Road, Malur

Kolar Road, Malur

Kolar Road, Malur

Hungenhalli, Malur

Narasapura Road Hungenahalli, Malur

UNIT ADDRESS - BRICK CLUSTER, TIRUVALLUR

SI. No.

1

2

3

4

5

Company / Unit owner

Supradeepam Brick Works, Ramana

Saravanadeepam Brick Works, Bhaskar, Venkatachalam

Thenaigvelu Brick Works, Jayanaidu

Thannagi Murugan Bricks, Shridhar.B

Dhanalakshmi Bricks, Rajendra

Address

Chokkanallur Village, Tiruvallur



Kavalchery Village, Vayalanallur Post, Tiruvallur

Kavalchery, Tirumalazi centre, Poonamalle, Tiruvallur

146

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

P.S. Mohan Bricks, Mohan, Ravi

Sri Selvavinayaka Brick Industries, R. Sridhar

Nava Jyothi Brick Works, Uday Kumar

Abilash Brick Works, S. Soundaraj, S. Gurumurthy

Sri Suri Krishna Bricks, Hari Krishna

C. Sundara Vinayagar Bricks, Perumal Naidu

Sri Mahalakshmi Brick Fields, A. Rajendran

Sree mahalakshmi Brick Industries, Mahalakshmi

S.K, Shesadri

Gajapathi Brick Works, P. Ramayya

Mahalakshmi Bricks, Gandhi

Rathna Bricks, Rathna

Rasi Brick Works, Lakshman, Rajendran, A Pasi

R.V.K, Chowdhary, Niranjan

MMK, R.S. Munirathnam, Gopi

R.M.N, Chandran, R. Murali Naidu

S.J.P, Soundar, A. Murugan

Balaji Brick Industries, Sivaram, Jaya Babu

Sathya Ganapathi Bricks, Balaraman, Gajendra

Dhana Chamber, Sukumar, mani

P.S.N Brick Industries, Vijayakumar, Padmanaban

P.V.B, Arun

S.B.I, S. Mohan Kumar, Balaji

Sri Kaniyamman Bricks, Gunashekar, Umapathy.K

Saravan Balaji Brick Works, M.G. Babu

Sri Chelliamman Brick works,

Kavalchery Village, Tiruvallur

Thirumanam Village, Tiruvallur District

Vayalanallur, Tiruvallur

Thirumanam Village, Tiruvallur District

Chittakadu, Tiruvallur

Chittakadu, Tiruvallur

Melamanambedu, korutur Village, Tiruvallur

Vayalanallur Village, Tiruvallur

Parivakkam, Tiruvallur

Thiruverkadu, Tiruvallur



Pakkam, Thirumaliasai, Tiruvallur

Puchi Athipedu, Tiruvallur

Ramapuram, Tiruvallur

Ramapuram, Tiruvallur




Vellaveedu, Keelamanambedu, Tiruvallur

Keelamanambedu, Tiruvallur

Poonamalle, Tiruvallur

Melamanambedu, Tiruvallur

Melamanambedu, Tiruvallur

Melamanambedu, Vellavedu post, Tiruvallur

Thirumanam Village, Poonamalle,

147

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

40

41

42

43

44

45

46

47

48

49

50

Ravindrababu

Saraswathi Bricks, V. Kondanan

Sri Vigneshwara Brick Works, Shekar, Ramesh

Sai Bala Bricks, Prabhakar, Mullai

Kamadhenu Brick Works, G. Ranganathan, Rajendra

M.S.R Brick Works, S. Rama Murthy

Sri Guruvariappar & Sons G.K.S, Dhanashekar

S.M Brick Works, Babu, Mohan

Sarguna Brick Works, Shekar

S.S.B Bricks, S. Anand

C.B.I, Dhanushekar

Amamath Bricks, Manivanan, Desinga

S.A.B Sherathaman Bricks, Ramachandra, Shivakumar

Raghu Chamber, Raghu, Rajesh

S.B.M Sundara Chamber, Madhavan

K.S.M, G. Kuppan

O.S.B, Mukherji

V.B.C, Venkatnarayan

S.L.N Sri Lakshmi Narasimha Brick Fields, V. Sampath

P.M.K, Suresh.K

Tiruvallur

Adambakkam, Tiruvallur

Nemam, Tiruvallur

Koratur, Ncmam, Poonamalle Post. Tiruvallur

Pudhuchatiram, Kannadapalayam, Tiruvallur

Nemam, Tiruvallur

Pudhuchatiram, Koratur, Tiruvallur

Pudhuchatiram, Tiruvallur

Amman Kovil Theruvu, GK kannadapalayam, Tiruvallur

Nemam, Tiruvallur

Kothimbakkam. Tiruvallur

Kothimbakkam, Tiruvallur




Kalmedu, Tiruvallur

Puchi Athipedu , Tiruvallur

Thirukanadalam, Tiruvallur

Thirukanadalam Panchayathi, Tiruvallur

Puchi Athipedu , Thirukandalam , Tiruvallur

UNIT ADDRESS - BRICK CLUSTER, KRISHNA

SLNo.

1

2

3

4

Entrepreneur Name

Nagababu

Lakshmaiah

V. Ramu, Vinayaka Bricks

Raghavendra

Address

Kumaravolu, Krishna District

Muthanahalli, Kaikalur Taluk, Krishna District

Nagarapadu, Ellur Road, Krishna District

Ramanapudi, near check post.

148

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

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14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

Nagababu

Raghavendra

Subbaya

Kiran babu, Balu

S. Sambashiva Rao

Ramakrishna

Meragu Subbarao, Venkateshwara Fire Bricks

Srinivasarao

Hari Babu, Venkateshwara Brick Works

Venkat Rao

Ramesh, Renuka Brick Works

Venkateshwara Rao

Subramani .V

Gopi

Ramesh

Vasanthawada Swamy

Lakshmaiah

Kondaiah .V

Seenu

C. H. Venkatreddy

Anamneni Shivayya

Rataiah

Janardhan Rao, Ramesh

Rattaiah

Sambasiva Rao

Shankar Rao

Adasmill Srinivas Rao

Srinivasa

Pamar, Krishna District

Ramanapudi, near check post, Pamar, Krishna District

Ramanapudi, near check post, Pamar, Krishna District

Ramanapudi, Gudiwada, Krishna District

Ghandiashram, near check post, Krishna District

Ghandiashram, near check post, Krishna District

Nagarapadu, Ellur Road, Krishna District

Thotallaullur, Krishna District




ThottalauUur, Krishna District

Kumaravolu, Krishna District

Lingawaram, Krishna District



Vasanthawada, Krishna District

Vasanthawada, Krishna District




Gudiwada, Krishna District


Gudiwada, Krishna District

Pessar Lanka, KoUur

Pessar Lanka, KoUur

Pessar Lanka, Kollur



149

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

40

41

42

43

44

45

46

47

48

49

50

Surya Prakash Rao, Suresh

Ratna Reddy

G. Narayana Reddy

Krishna Reddy

Naga Subbareddygaru

Bhaskar Reddy

Parandhamaya, Bhaskar Reddy

Venkateshvarulu Naidu

Shivaram krishna

Obullareddy, Ramarao

Venkateshwaralu Naidu

Prasad

Ramachandra Reddy

Uday Babu

Obullareddy, Nani

Shankar Rao

Paravathalu

Venkat Rao


Thurukarapallayam, Kollur



Thippalakatta, Kollur









Kanchilu, Kessar road, Krishna District

Krishna Nadi peradu, Krishna District

Kessar road , Krishna District

Krishna Nadi peradu, kessar road , Krishna District

Kessar road Munieru, Krishna District

150

ANNEXURE III QUESTIONNAIRE FOR BRICK UNIT CLUSTER

A. Unit Profile

1. Name of the Unit

2. Name of entrepreneur

3. Address

4. Phone No

5. Age of entrepreneur

6. Entrepreneurial Qualifications

7. Age of Units

8. Origin of Enterprise

9. Nature of the organization

10. Working Period of The Unit

Below 21 a 21-30 D 31-40 D 41-50D 51-60 • 60 and above • Up to SSLC • PUC/Diploma/ITI L BA/B.SC/B.COM//BBM • BE/B.Tech L MA/M.Sc/M.Com D MBA/MCA U 1970's a 1980's D 1990^s a 2000andafterr First time entrepreneur • Inherited from father Cl! Started with partner(s) D Inherited with partner(s) L Proprietorship firm Q Partnership firm Q Private limited ( 1 Others | | Perennial( 12 months) • Seasonal •

B. Investment

1) Preliminary and Pre-operative Costs

Item

1. Initial Investment in Land and buildings (Rs.) Type of land: a. Own b. Rented/lease Rate: Rs months/year,

2. Source of water: Bore well • Tanked) (Rate) Open well D Others D

3. Own the transportation Lorry • Tractor • 4. Total

5. Present market value of land and buildings(Rs.)

Amount (Rs.)

2) Machinery and Tools

Item

1. Kiln and chimney

2. Initial Investment in Tools (wooden moulds, vessels, water buckets & accessories)

3. Generator set,pug mills, wire cut machinery, wood cutfing machine, mixers. Moulding M/c others

Amount (Rs.)

151

4. Total

3) Administrative Expenses

Description

1. Repairs and maintenance, Others Yearly

2. Advance to employees

3. Total

Amount(Rs)

>t Sources of Funding: Own capital (equity) O Bank Loan (Interest) D

Others (specify)

C. Functional Characteristics

1) Raw Materials Input

Items

1. Clay

2. Sand

3. Water

4. Additives

5. Total

Quantity Total Cost in Rs.(including

transportation cost)

g< Sources of Raw Material Pvt Q Govt D Local Q Outside •

^ What is the distance from which raw material is transported? Kms

2) Human Resource

Process

1. Mixing+ Brick Making(Molders) + Shifting to dry Yard

2. Dried bricks from yard to kiln + Loading + Unloading and Stacking of bricks

Unit

Per 1000 bricks

Rate of labor (Rs)

No. of labor

Total cost (Rs)

152

3. Firing (foremen)

4. Supervisor (Accountant, office staff, administration)

5. Total

• "~

3) Nature of Technology:

Type of Klin

1. Rural Clamps(open kiln) Q

2. Intermittent Down Draught kiln(lDK) Q

3. Continuous Hoffmann Kiln(CHK) 1—.

4. Vertical Shaft Brick Kilns(VSBK) (—)

5. Fixed chimney • Moveable Chimney D

Number Overall dimensions

4) Energy Consumption

Description

I. Electricity consumption(running motor, fan, lighting(HP), labour quarters,etc.,)

2. Coal

3. Diesel

4. Eucalyptus Leaves

5. Firewood

6. Other fiiels (if any) (Kerosene, Agri. Waste, Charcoal, etc.)

7. Generator set YES D NO • If yes fijel used is

Quantity

Rate (including

transportat ion cost)

Total (Rs.)/year

"Js. To what extent you consider the importance of energy as an input in production?

Very imp. Q Imp. O Moderately imp. Q Un imp. Q Totally unimp. •

^ Sourcesof Energy Particulars Pvt O Govt D Local • Outside D

153

^ Problems of Energy Sources High Cost D Tax Q Irregular Supply •

Govt Restriction O High Tr. Cost O Others •

5) Production

a) Sequence of production processes and duration:(cycle time)

Production Process (per cycle)

1. Mixing of soil

2. Green brick making

3. Drying

4. Transportation & Loading of bricks

5. Brick Firing

6. Brick unloading & selling

Description of Equipment /Manually

Period /Cycle Time(Month/No. of

days/hrs)

b) Records of production:

Description

1. Size/specifications of Product

2. Average number of green bricks loading in the kiln (Number of bricks) /cycle

3. Number of days/hrs kiln in operation /cycle

4. Saleable number of bricks /cycle

5. No. of cycles/year

6. Total number of bricks/year

7. Rate per brick

Estimate

^ The average weight in Kg: Green brick Fired brick

^ Whether you are using the fiill production capacity? Yes I I No I I

Capacity utilized below 25% D 25% to 50% D 50% to 75% D 75% to 100% D

If No, why? Give reasons for under utilization

154

6) Wastage

Item

1. Ash

2. Charcoal

3. Bricks Overbumed , Underbumed & Pieces

Quantity/ cycle/year Price Usage

7) Marketing

^ Type of Marketing Directly D Through agent Q Both Q

JT Degree of competition on sales market Limited O Average O Strong •

^ Location of competitors mainly in Same place D Less than 50% district I I

More than 50% state •

D. Barriers And Drivers For Energy Efficiency

Please indicate the importance of each of the barrier dimensions on a keeping your unit in perspective?

five -point scale.

1 = Disagree, 2 = Somewhat Agree , 3 = Agree, 4 = Very much Agree, 5 = Completely Agree

No

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Barriers

Management finds production more important than energy efficiency There is a lack of awareness of the terms like "Energy efficiency", Energy audit", etc.

There is a lack of technical knowledge within the brick units.

Lack of training programmes to the employees with regard to energy aspects in our firm.

Energy carrier used in the process is easily available in the area of location of the unit causing least attention towards improvement in energy efficiency.

Energy is cheap or Energy costs do not merit consideration.

Management is concerned about the investment costs of energy efficient technology adoption and long payback period.

The Unit is reluctant to invest because of high risk.

There is lack of policies and procedures within the unit.

1 2 3 4 5

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Management believes there is no or little scope for improvement.

Lack of energy related focus in local association meetings.

Only new and expensive technologies can improve energy efficiency in the units. New technology can only be considered after the existing technology becomes completely outdated. There is lack of coordination regarding energy related issues among the brick units in the cluster. There is lack of public and NGOs participation towards energy efficiency improvements. Lack of research personnel or trained manpower in the area of energy efficiency. Other investments are more important compared to investing in Energy efficiency improvements. It is difficult to obtain financing for energy efficiency projects from external sources.

Environmental policies and legislations relating to energy are weak.

There is a lack of strict enforcement of energy and environmental regulations and absence of "carrot & sUck" approach. Lack of motivation due to absence of subsidies / specific government grants for energy efficiency measures. It is difficult to introduce new technology due to internal organizational structure. There is lack of effective programmes to improve energy efficiency fi^om external organizations like institutions, Research & Development centers, Universities, MSME development Our unit does not possess targets in terms of energy efficiency improvements.

Employees in the unit do not want to change the way they work.

Present technology is easy and we are familiar with it and more over we are not confident of the suitability of new processes and Benefits of implemented energy efficiency measures are not quantifiable, poor financial gain/return. Size of the unit is too small, the production volume is too low and hence the incentive for the better technology and energy efficiency improvements is very low. Lack of market demand and severe competition for the product makes energy efficiency issue less important as priority is to improve the sales rather than efficiency. It is felt that the government should help MSME units to improve energy efficiency.

Technology will become cheaper in future, thus go slow.

156

32 Better to await and hear the experience of other units and then we will follow them after the benefit is proved.

Drivers

The following are the generally considered drivers for Energy Efficiency (EE) improvement in brick units. Please indicate which of them are most relevant in your unit by ranking them.

Drivers

1. EE as a tool to reduce energy consumption.

2. EE as a tool to reduce per unit cost.

3. EE as a tool to reduction in wastage.

4. EE as a tool to meet shortage of energy supply and rising energy price.

5. EE as a tool to minimize environmental degradation.

6. EE as a tool to Improve compliance with governmental regulations.

7. EE as a tool to occupational, health and safety improvement.

8. EE as a marketing label and status symbol in improved product quality.

9. EE as a tool to achieve competitiveness and sustainability of the unit.

10. Energy efficiency due to any other reason (please specify).

Rank

E. Environmental Impact

1. How aware are you of the environmental impact of brick units?

> I am very aware and often do my own research into energy saving/efficiency •

^ Mostly aware of the environmental impact through the usual media exposure D

•2S. I am aware of some of the environmental issues

"Js- I am aware of the current debate, but am not yet convinced D

^ I am not aware of the environmental impact D

2. Are you aware of any environmental government policies? Y e s D No D

3. Have you obtained the pollution clearness certificate from pollution control board? Yes D

No a

4. Have you received any pollution control devices from Government/Pollution control

157

board'? Yes D No D

5. Do you consider the pollutants dangerous?

Not at all D Somewhat D Extremely dangerous •

6. Are you following any preventive (or) mitigation measures towards environmental

impact

Yes a No •

If yes what measures?

^ Planting fast growing trees •

^ Using filters in chimney to reduce air pollution

^ Increase in labour skill level

"» Technology shifts say from IDK (biomass) to VSBK (coal)

^ Refractory bricks/ lining to provide insulation of kiln

^ Usually repair/clean the chimney once a year

^ Changing of coal grade/fuel

a • • a a a

F. Characteristics Relating To Interaction And Awareness

1. Do you have interaction among entrepreneurs of other units in any of the follow iiig way

please tick :

a. Nature of Interaction

^ Learning from each other's experiences through informal networks •

^ Direct formal interaction Q

^ Sharing of information with firms linked by family friendship ties •

^ Interaction emanating due to the initiatives taken by the local associations O

^ Interactions during seminars or training O

b. Level of Interaction

^ Solving production and quality related problems •

^ Adaptafions and improvements in production processes D

^ Adaptations of products to changing market needs D

^ Installing and adopting machines and tools '—'

2. Are you aware of energy conservation Yes CD No CD if yes, have you initiated any

158

steps

towards energy conservation? Yes CZl No O if yes please tick any of the following:

>^ Recovering the waste heat from the exhaust of your kiln [—i

^ Improve brick drying before firing Q

^ Improve air flow control O

^ New kiln design/ Better technology D

^ Monitoring and auditing the energy consumption of our finn •

>s- Others please specify

3. Prior to starting this business, did you/ staff ever worked in other similar firms? Yes •

No O • If Yes, • did they undergo any technical training there/ did you send your

employee for training? Yes O No Q if no what is the main reason?

4. Did you get any training or guidance from government organisations/DIC? Yes CD

No a

5. Whether you have received any energy/power subsidy/ state capital subsidy for

investment from the government? Yes • No •

6. Have you gone for any Modernization/Technology up-gradation, or any innovative

steps Yes D No D if yes, state the nature

7. What is your opinion about the future of this business?

Growing • Stable Q Decline D Remain same O Do not know/can't say D

Thank you!

159

Documents

ANNEXUREI BRICK INDUSTRY CLUSTER IN MALURshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/87728/18/18...ANNEXUREI BRICK INDUSTRY CLUSTER IN MALUR Intermittent Downdraught Kiln Fuel for Brick