Annals of Agric. Sci., Moshtohor ISSN 1110-0419 Vol. 52(1 ...aasj.bu.edu.eg/upload/2014/7.pdfMohamed (2008), Shafshak et al. 2010 and Jamali et al. (2013) found that spraying plants

Annals of Agric. Sci., Moshtohor ISSN 1110-0419

Vol. 52(1) (2014), 57– 70 http://annagricmoshj.com

Response of Strawberry to Salicylic Acid and Yeast Extract Applications under Different

Nitrogen and Potassium Combinations

Abo-Sedera*, F.A.; L.A. Badr*; Amany A. Abd- Elatif** and S.M. Rezk**

*Hort. Dept., Fac. of Agric., Moshtohor, Benha University.

**Potato and Vegetatively Propagated Crops Dept., Hort. Res. Institute, ARC.

Abstract This study was conducted during the two successive seasons of 2011/2012 and 2012/2013 in a private farm

at El–Dair village, Kalubia governorate, to investigate the response of strawberry to salicylic acid and yeast

extract applications under different nitrogen and potassium fertilizers combinations. Data were recorded on

vegetative growth, chemical constituents, yield and its components as well as fruit quality.

Results indicate that application of mineral fertilizers at the highest used levels ( 150 kg N + 200 kg

K2O or 200 kg N + 300kg K2O) per fed. combined with spraying the plants with salicylic acid at 1g/L or yeast

extract 100 ml/L exhibited the highest values in the measured growth parameters i.e., plant height, number of

leaves and crowns per plant, crown diameter, average leaf area as well as fresh and dry weight per plant during

both seasons. Also, the same treatments gave the highest values of phosphorus, potassium and total

carbohydrates during both seasons of study. Results also show that using the highest rate of N and K fertilizers

(200 kg N+ 300 kg K2O) and spraying the plants with salicylic acid (1g / liter) reflected the highest produced

yield and its components. Moreover, it reflected also the highest values of all determined physical and chemical

fruit quality characters (average fruit length, diameter, weight and fruit firmness, TSS, Vitamin C, acidity, total

sugars and anthocyanin) during both seasons .The study recommend adding 200 Kg N + 300 kg K2O per fed and

spraying the plants with salicylic acid at 1g /L to enhance plant growth and increase yield and its components

particularly early and exportable yield as well as physical and chemical fruit characteristics, under Kalubia

governorate conditions.

Keywords: Strawberry, salicylic acid, yeast extract, N, K fertilization, yield, fruit quality.

Introduction

Concerning the effect of NPK fertilizers

on plant vegetative growth traits, Abd El-Aziz

(2007) indicated that potassium fertilization had

insignificant effect on plant growth characteristics

except plant length. Abo Sedera et al. (2009) found

that, using mineral –N fertilizer alone or along with

compost at the recommended dose (200kg N/fed.)

had better effect on the studied vegetative growth

traits. Mosalem (2010) on strawberry indicated that

application of mineral fertilizers at 125% of the

recommended dose (250kg N + 100kg P2O5 + 300kg

K2O) reflected the highest plant height, number of

leaves and secondary crowns /plant, leaf area, crown

diameter, fresh and dry weight per plant. Mohamed

(2008), Shafshak et al. 2010 and Jamali et al.

(2013) found that spraying plants with natural anti

disease substances i.e. salicylic acid increased plant

height, number of leaves and crowns per plant, fresh

and dry weight per plant as well as leaf area , Saleh

(2004) on strawberry showed that spraying plants

with 25 ml/l yeast extract plus mixture of

micronutrients significantly increased number of

leaves, number of crowns, fresh weight and dry

weight per plant. On the other hand, Ahmed (2011)

on strawberry found that foliar application of yeast

extract at rate of 2.5% did not reflect any significant

effects on all studied growth aspects except number

of leaves. Kaponski and Kaweeki (1994) on

strawberry reported that using 90kg N and 160 kg

K2O/ ha increased leaf K and P contents. Abd El-

Aziz (2007) on strawberry reported that there were

significant increments in potassium and

carbohydrates content of plant with increasing

potassium fertilizer units from 250 up to 500units

K2O/ fed. In addition, non significant effect on nitrogen

and phosphorus content in foliage was noticed.

Mosalem (2010) on strawberry reported that

application of mineral fertilizers at 125% of the

recommended dose (250 kg N + 100kg P2O5 + 300kg

K2O/fed) reflected the highest values of total nitrogen,

phosphorus, potassium and total carbohydrates content in

plant foliage. Karlidag et al (2009) found that the

greatest values of almost contents of all nutrients of

leaves were obtained with 1.00 mM salicylic acid

treatments in both saline and non-saline conditions.

Jamali et al. (2013) on strawberry found that foliar spray

with salicylic acid at rates of 1, 2, and 3 mM

significantly increased nitrogen concentration within

leaves. Abd El-All (2009) on tomato illustrated that

spraying yeast extract significantly increased N, P,

K, Ca and Mg concentrations of treated plants

compared with the control treatment. Ali (2010) on

common bean found that spraying plants with dry

yeast at rates of 2 and 4 g/l after 20, 30 and 40 days

from sowing significantly increased all macro-

elements content compared with the control

treatment. EL-Shal et al. (2003), found that

increasing NPK rate was accompanied with

- 58 - Abo-Sedera, F.A. et al.

Annals of Agric. Sci., Moshtohor, Vol. 52 (1) 2014.

significant increases in yield potentials (early

yield/plant, non-marketable yield and total

yield/plant.

Mosalem (2010) reported that application

of mineral fertilizers (NPK) at 125% of the

recommended dose (250kg N + 100kg P2O5 + 300kg

K2O/fed) resulted in the highest total fruit yield and

its components expressed as early, exportable and

marketable strawberry yield per feddan. In addition,

no significant differences were noticed in total yield

and its components in case of using mineral

fertilizers at 100%. Shafshak et al. (2010) showed

that spraying strawberry plants with salicylic acid at

5mM positively increased early, total and marketable

fruit yield. El Sayed (2010) on strawberry reported

that different NPK levels increased fruit length,

weight and firmness. However, it increased ascorbic

acid, anthocyanin and TSS. Abd El-Aziz (2007)

indicted that application of K-fertilizer had no

significant effect on physical characters of

strawberry fruits. Mosalem(2010)on strawberry

indicated that fertilizing the plants with mineral

fertilizes (NPK) at 125% of the recommended dose

significantly increased all the studied physical fruit

parameters, i.e., average fruit length, diameter and

weight except fruit firmness which was not

significantly affected. Saleh (2004) reported that

spraying the strawberry plants with yeast extract

increased vitamin C concentration.

Therefore, this study was conducted to

investigated the response of strawberry to salicylic

acid and yeast extract applications under different

nitrogen and potassium combinations,

Materials and Methods

Two field experiments were carried out

during the two successive seasons of 2011/2012 and

2012/2013 in a private farm at El–Dair village,

Kalubia governorate, to investigate the response of

strawberry to salicylic acid and yeast extract

applications under different nitrogen and potassium

combinations,

Table a. Mechanical and chemical analyses of the used soil.

Physical analysis Chemical analysis

Cations meq/l Anions meq/l

Coarse sand 17.3% Ca++

2.4 CO3-- Zero

Fine sand 35.4% Mg++

1.0 HCO3- 3.5

Silt 29.2% Na+ 6.0 Cl

- 7.4

Clay 18.7% K+ 7.0 SO4

-- 2.7

Texture class clay loam

Soil pH 7.32 Available N 21.4mg/kg

E.C, dS/m 1.91 Available P 15.3mg/kg

Organic matter 2.4% Available K 210mg/kg

The area of the experimental plot was 14m2

included two beds each four meters in length and

1.20 meters in width. Each bed included four rows

and the transplanting was done at 25 cm apart

between transplants in the same row. Transplanting

was done on 15 and 12 of September in 2011/2012

and 2012/2013, respectively. Sprinkler irrigation was

used in the first month after transplanting, after that

the beds were covered with 40 micron black plastic

mulch. After planting the drip irrigation was used

after mulching until the end of the growing season.

This experiment included 9 treatments

resulted from the combination between three levels

of N,K mineral fertilizer and two spray treatments

(antioxidant) in addition to the control treatment on

strawberry plants cv. Florida. As follows

a- N, K fertilization treatments.

1- 100kg N + 100kg K2O./fed

2- 150kg N + 200kg K2O./fed

3- 200kg N + 300kg K2O/fed (control).

b- Spray treatments.

1- Foliar spray with yeast extract at 100 ml/l

2- Foliar spray with salicylic acid (SA) at1g/l.

3- Foliar spray with distilled water( control).

Ammonium nitrate (33% N) and potassium salphate

(50%K2O) were used as a source of nitrogen and

potassium All treatments received 80 kg/fed.of P2O5

phosphorus. The amounts of mineral fertilizers were

devided into equal portions and were added thought

the irrigation water (fertigation) two times per week

starting 21 days after transplanting and ended 15

days before the end of harvesting season. Foliar

spray treatments were started after 20 days from

transplanting and every 15 days four times

throughout the growing season.

Data recorded:

Vegetative growth characteristics.

Five plants were taken from each experimental

plot as a representative sample on February after130

days from transplanting and the following data were

recorded.

1- Plant length, fresh and dry weight per plant,

number of crowns/plant, number of leaves/plant,

leaf area (cm2) and crown diameter

2- Total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium: were determined in the digested dry matter of

plant foliage according to the methods described

Response of strawberry to salicylic acid and yeast extract applications - 59 -


by Kock and Mc Meeckin (1924), Trough and

Meyer (1939) and Brown and Lilliland (1946),

respectively

3- Total protein: Protein content was calculated by

using the conversion factor (N x 6.25) as

described by Pregl (1945).

4- Total carbohydrates: It was determined

colormetrically according to method described

by James (1995).

5- Fruit yield and its components:

A. Early fruit yield: It was determined as weight of

all harvested fruits at the ripe stage during

November, December and January.

B. Total fruit yield: It was calculated using total

fruit yield per plot.

C- Fruit yield (per plant): It was calculated from

fruit yield/plot and number of plants/plot.

D- Marketable yield: it was calculated after

discarding the infected fruits.

E- Un-marketable yield (kg/fed): It was calculated

as weight of infected fruits during the harvesting

season.

F- Exportable yield (t/fed): it was calculated as

weight of harvested fruits at the 3/4 color stage

during November, December and January, after

discarding the misshaped fruits.

6- Fruit quality

Physical and chemical fruit quality: A random

sample of 10 fruits at marketable stage from

each experimental plot was taken to determine

the following properties. Average fruit weight,

fruit firmness. Total soluble solids (T.S.S.), total

titratable acidity, ascorbic acid and anthocyanin

as the method described in A. O. A.C. (1990).

Total sugars were detrimined as the method

described by Nelson (1974). Nitrate content was

determined as the method described by Cafado

et al. (1975).

Statistical analysis:

All collected data were subjected to

statistical analysis according to Sndecor and

Cochran (1991) where the least significant

difference was considered when even possible.

Results and Discussion

1. Vegetative growth characteristics:-

Data presented in Tables 1 and 2 show that using

the highest rate of fertilizer i.e. 200kg N + 300 kg

K2O/fed significantly reflected the highest values in

all studied growth traits i.e., plant height, number of

leaves and crown per plant, crown diameter, average

leaf area as well as fresh and dry weight per plant

during both seasons . Such increment in all studied

growth parameters as a result of increasing the

amounts of mineral fertilizers to 200 kg N + 300 kg

K2O may by attributed to the main role of macro –

nutrients (N and K) on formation of protoplasmic

material, cell division and cell elongation as well as

increase the bio- chemicals reactions which affect the

rate of plant growth. as found by, Abd El- Aziz

(2007), Abo Sedera et al. (2009),and Mosalem

(2010)

In Tables 1 and 2 obtained data show clearly that

spaying strawberry plants with salicylic acid at 1 g/

Liter and yeast extract at 100 ml/ Liter gave the

highest values of all vegetative growth characters

during both seasons. The increase in growth due to

the application of the tested stimulants may be

attributed to the role of such materials as antioxidants

which contract the free radicals which affect the

activity and viability of plant cells. Also it affects the

physiological processes of plants and promotes plant

growth.

Obtained results are in accordance with

those reported by Saleh (2004), Abo Sedera et al.

(2009), Shafshak et al. (2010) and Ahmed (2011) Data recorded in Tables 1 and 2 show cleary that

application of mineral fertilizers at the highest used

levels 150 kg N + 200 kg K2O and 200 kg N + 300kg

K2O combined with spraying the plants with salicylic

acid at 1g/L or yeast extract at 100 mL/L exhibited

the highest values in all measured growth parameters

during both seasons of study.

2- Chemical constituents of plant foliage Data recorded in Table 3 indicate that the

highest level of mineral (N and K) fertilizers (200 kg

N + 300 kg K2O/ fed) recorded the highest values in

all assayed chemical constituents except total

nitrogen and total crud protein which recorded the

highest values in case of moderate mineral fertilizer

level (150 kg N + 200kg fed) during both seasons.

Such increments in N, P and K content as a result of

increaseing fertilization level may be due to the

increase of such nutrients in roots biosphere and

consequently increases its uptake and accumulation

of such macro nutrients in plant foliage. Also the

increase in total carbohydrate contents might be

attributed to the main role of used macro–nutrients

(NPK) as constituents of photo synthetic pigment

molecules and increase assimilation rate for

precursors of carbohydrates in leaves.

Results show also that foliar application of

salicylic acid at 1g liter exhibited the highest values

of N, P, K, protein and carbohydrates in plant foliage

compared with the control and other used growth

stimulant. during two seasons. In this connection,

promoting effect of growth stimulants on the

concentration of macro- elements was connected

with its positive effect on vegetative growth

parameters (Tables, 1 and 2), Moreover, such

increasing tendency of N, P, K, protein and

carbohydrates as a result of studied growth

stimulants may be attributed to its main role on the

enzymes which may control the active absorption of

nutrients and water from the soil. Obtained results

are in the same line with those reported by

- 60 - Abo-Sedera, F.A. et al.


Mohamed (2008),Shafshak et al.(2010) and Jamail

et al. (2013).

As for the effect of the interaction, the same

data in Table 3 indicate that fertilizing strawberry

plants with the highest used level of macro- nutrients

(N and K) combined with spraying the plants with

either salicylic acid at 1g/L or yeast extract at 100

m/L exerted the highest values of phosphorus,

potassium and total carbohydrates during both

seasons of study. In addition, using the medium level

of mineral fertilizer (150 kg N plus 200 kg K2O / fed)

combined with foliar spray of salicylic acid at g/L reflected the highest values of both total nitrogen and

crud protein in the two seasons of study.

Abd El-All (2009) and Karlidag et al (2009) reported similar results.

3- Fruit yield and its components:

Data recorded in Tables 4 and 5 show that

application of mineral fertilizers (N and K) at (200

Kg N + 300 Kg K2O fed) exhibited the highest

values for total produced yield and its components.

Such increments in total produced yield and its

components were connected with the increase in

vegetative growth rate Tables (1 and 2) and fruit

physical parameters (Table 6) which in turn affect

the total fruit yield. In this connection, El Shal et al.

(2003), Ulvi et al. (2009)and Mosalem (2010) on

strawberry indicated that total fruit yield and its

components were enhanced as a result of mineral

fertilizers (NPK). Data in Tables 4 and 5 reveale that

spraying plants with salicylic acid at 1g / liter

exhibited the highest values in all determined yield

parameters compared with other studied spray

treatments during both seasons . Such increments in

total produced yield and its components were

connected with the increase in vegetative growth

parameters Tables (1 and 2). Obtained results are in

parallel to those reported by Shafshak et al. (2010).

Also, data in Tables 4 and 5 reveale also that using

the highest rate of (N, K)fertilizers (200 kg N+ 300

kg K2O) and spraying the plants with salicylic acid

(1g / liter) reflected the highest produced yield and

its components compared during with the other tested

treatments both seasons of study.

4-Fruit quality:-

Data in Table 6 show that application of mineral

fertilizers (N, K) at (200 kg N+ 300kg K2O/fed)

exhibited the highest values for all measured fruit

quality traits. Increasing the rate of N, K fertilizer up

to (200kg N +300kg K2O). Such results may be

attributed to such macro-nutrients are necessary to

cells formation and division as well as increasing

rates of photosynthetic assimilates and migration of it

to storage organs (fruit) and in turn increase its

parameters. In this regard, Abo-El Hamed et al.

(2006) reported that application of nitrogen and

potassium fertilizers increased physical fruit quality

expressed as fruit length, diameter and size.

However, Abd El- Aziz (2007) indicated that

application of mineral fertilizer did not affect

physical fruit quality. Obtained results are similar to

those reported by Ghoneim et al. (2003), El- Sayed

(2004), Abo El Hamd et al. (2006) and Abd El-

Aziz (2007) . In Table 6 data reveale also that

spraying plants with salicylic acid at 1g /Liter and

yeast at 100ml /Liter significantly increased average

fruit length, diameter, weight and fruit firmness

compared with the control treatment. Such increment

in fruit parameters due to salicylic acid treatment

may be attributed to the role of salicylic acid on

increasing the uptake of NPK (Table 6) and the

absorption of water by roots which in turn increased

fruit size. Similar observation were recorded by

Saleh (2004), Babalar et al. (2007) and Shafshak et

al. (2010) on strawberry. As for the interaction, data

in Table 6 reveal that supplying the plant with

mineral fertilizer at rate (200 kg N + 300 Kg

K2O/fed) combined with spraying the plants with

salicylic acid at 1/Liter reflected the highest values of

all determined physical fruit quality characters

(average fruit length, diameter, weight and fruit

firmness) during both seasons.

Data recorded in Tables 7 and 8 indicate that

fertilizing the plant with mineral fertilizer (N and K)

at 100 kg N + 100 kg K2O, 150 Kg N + 200 kg K2O

or 200kg N + 300 kg K2O /fed significantly affected

TSS, V.C and total sugars content during the first

season and TSS, total sugars and nitrate content

during the second season. However it did not affect

total acidity, anthocyanine and nitrate content during

the first season and V.C, total acidity and

anthocyanine pigment contents during the second

season. In this respect, the highest level of mineral

(N and K) fertilizers (200 kg N + 300 kg K2O/fed)

recorded the highest values in all assayed chemical

constituents during both seasons.

Spraying the plants with salicylic acid increased

all assayed organic constituents (TSS, Vitamin C,

acidity, total sugars and Anthocyanine content

compared with yeast extract and control treatment

(Table 7 and 8). Finally, using the highest rate of N

and K (200 kg N + 300 kg K2O / fed) fertilizers and

spraying the plants with salicylic acid (1g/Liter)

increased all determined constituents (TSS, Vitamin

C, acidity, total sugars and anthocyanine) compared

with the other interaction treatments.

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Table1. Effect of fertigation using N K mineral fertilizers and foliar spray with growth stimulants as well as their interaction on vegetative growth characteristics of

strawberry plants cv. Florida during 2011/2012 season.

Treatments 2011/2012

N,K(kg/fed) Spray Plant height

(cm)

Fresh

weight(g)

Dry

weight(g)

Number of

Leaves

Number of

crowns

Crown

diameter (cm) Leaf area(cm2)

100kgN+100kg K2O 19.13 31.92 9.86 13.83 2.04 1.82 792.6

150kgN+200kg K2O 20.78 51.38 12.95 17.29 2.77 2.15 884.7

200kgN+300kg K2O 20.94 62.93 15.77 18.05 3.02 2.39 984.6

LSD at 0.5% 1.07 15.22 3.20 2.85 0.61 0.06 NS

Control 18.21 37.22 10.26 14.63 2.09 1.94 736.7

Salicylic acid (1g/l) 21.73 55.53 14.44 17.81 3.08 2.41 989.6

yeast extract (100ml/l) 20.90 53.50 13.88 16.74 2.65 2.02 935.6

LSD at 0.5% 1.11 13.78 1.75 2.53 0.48 0.22 150.4

100kgN+100kg K2O

Control 17.44 24.95 7.72 11.83 1.65 1.67 584.7



150kgN+200kg K2O

Control 18.39 36.97 8.80 16.78 2.00 1.95 793.9



200kgN+300kg K2O

Control 18.80 49.73 14.25 15.28 2.63 2.20 831.3



LSD at 0.5% 1.9190 23.87 3.03 4.54 0.76 0.38 260.6

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Table2. Effect of fertigation using N K mineral fertilizers and foliar spray with growth stimulants as well as their interaction on vegetative growthcharacteristics of



N,K(kg/fed) Spray Plant height

(cm)

Fresh weight

(g)

Dry weight

(g)

Number of

Leaves

Number of

crowns

Crown diameter

(cm)

Leaf area

(cm2)

100kgN+100kg K2O 24.26 65.99 17.28 28.24 3.875 2.52 1374.2

150kgN+200kg K2O 25.29 78.03 18.82 32.15 3.92 2.68 1462.4

200kgN+300kg K2O 25.57 82.24 20.17 32.45 3.89 2.87 1496.7

LSD at 0.5% 0.86 5.77 1.89 2.73 NS 0.24 NS

Control 24.46 65.53 16.60 25.90 3.25 2.48 1312.2

Salicylic acid

(1g/l) 25.78 83.67 20.44 33.87 4.48 2.77 1559.3

yeast extract

(100ml/l) 24.88 77.06 19.22 33.07 3.96 2.82 1461.8

LSD at 0.5% 1.08 5.54 1.30 2.59 0.66 0.23 127.3

100kgN+100kg K2O

Control 23.30 59.63 15.90 24.33 3.38 2.38 1261.8

Salicylic acid

(1g/l) 25.05 70.09 18.45 31.28 4.50 2.56 1504.6

yeast extract

(100ml/l) 24.42 68.27 17.48 29.10 3.75 2.63 1356.3

150kgN+200kg K2O

Control 25.10 67.18 16.20 26.67 3.25 2.38 1298.0

Salicylic acid

(1g/l) 25.88 89.52 21.20 34.83 4.25 2.78 1585.9

yeast extract

(100ml/l) 24.89 77.40 19.09 34.94 4.26 2.90 1503.4

200kgN+300kg K2O

Control 24.99 69.79 17.71 26.70 3.13 2.70 1376.8

Salicylic acid

(1g/l) 26.41 91.41 21.68 35.50 4.68 3.13 1587.4

yeast extract

(100ml/l) 25.32 85.51 21.13 35.16 3.88 2.79 1525.8

LSD at 0.5% 1.87 13.18 2.25 6.16 1.14 0.40 220.5

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Table 3. Effect of fertigation using N,K mineral fertilizers and foliar spray with growth stimulants as well as their interaction on chemical constituents of plant foliage of

strawberry plants cv. Florida during 2011/2012 and 2012/2013 seasons.

Treatments 2011/2012 2012/2013

N,K(kg/fed) Spray N% P% K%

Total crude

protein

Carbohydrate

s

(g/ 100 g d.w.)

N% P% K%

Total crude

protein

Carbohydrate

s

(g/ 100 g d.w.)

100kgN+100kg K2O 1.58 0.45 1.45 9.84 14.93 1.58 0.45 1.44 9.89 14.52

150kgN+200kg K2O 1.81 0.47 1.49 11.34 15.4 1.75 0.48 1.48 11.03 14.52

200kgN+300kg K2O 1.69 0.48 1.53 10.55 15.64 1.68 0.49 1.52 10.48 14.62

LSD at 0.5% N S 0.03 0.03 NS N S NS 0.02 0.04 NS N S

Control 1.64 0.45 1.44 10.24 14.49 1.59 0.45 1.43 9.93 14.33

Salicylic acid

(1g/l) 1.73 0.48 1.53 10.84 15.92 1.73 0.48 1.52 10.79 14.79

yeast extract

(100ml/l) 1.71 0.48 1.5 10.66 15.56 1.71 0.48 1.49 10.68 14.64

LSD at 0.5% NS 0.02 0.03 NS 0.96 NS 0.02 0.03 NS N S

100kgN+100kg K2O

Control 1.66 0.4 1.42 10.36 14.71 1.46 0.41 1.42 9.14 14.90

Salicylic acid

(1g/l) 1.57 0.48 1.48 9.78 15.13 1.80 0.48 1.47 11.27 14.54

yeast extract

(100ml/l) 1.5 0.47 1.45 9.39 14.96 1.48 0.47 1.43 9.26 14.12

150kgN+200kg K2O

Control 1.8 0.47 1.44 11.26 14.37 1.71 0.48 1.43 10.67 14.47

Salicylic acid

(1g/l) 1.82 0.47 1.53 11.39 15.94 1.76 0.48 1.51 11.02 14.56

yeast extract

(100ml/l) 1.82 0.48 1.51 11.37 15.88 1.82 0.48 1.51 11.39 14.86

200kgN+300kg K2O

Control 1.45 0.47 1.47 9.09 14.38 1.59 0.47 1.46 9.97 13.61

Salicylic acid

(1g/l) 1.81 0.48 1.58 11.34 16.68 1.61 0.48 1.57 10.08 15.27

yeast extract

(100ml/l) 1.80 0.48 1.55 11.22 15.85 1.82 0.48 1.53 11.39 14.98

LSD at 0.5% NS 0.03 0.05 NS 1.67 NS 0.04 0.06 NS 1.06

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Table 4. Effect of fertigation using N K mineral fertilizers and foliar spray with growth stimulants as well as their interaction on total fruit yield and its components of

strawberry plants of cv. Florida during 2011/2012 season.


N,K (kg/fed) Spray Early yield

(ton/fed)

Exportable yield

(ton/fed)

Marketable yield

(ton/fed)

Total yield

(g/plant)

Total

Yield

(t/fed)

Unmarketable yield

(kg/fed)

100kgN+100kg

K2O 6.706 2.562 16.427 424.39 16.976 548.20

150kgN+200kg

K2O 7.839 3.266 18.787 485.99 19.440 652.53

200kgN+300kg

K2O 8.593 3.637 19.898 514.24 20.570 671.78

LSD at 0.5% 1.333 0.524 1.9450 49.818 1.993 77.699

Control 6.891 2.737 16.201 422.80 16.912 710.49

Salicylic acid (1g/l) 8.256 3.408 20.040 514.82 20.593 552.60

yeast extract (100ml/l) 7.990 3.321 18.871 487.00 19.480 609.42

LSD at 0.5% 1.121 0.376 2.752 68.452 2.738 79.49

100kgN+100kg

K2O

Control 6.120 2.120 14.857 386.05 15.442 585.20



150kgN+200kg

K2O

Control 6.286 2.878 15.803 413.01 16.520 717.60



200kgN+300kg

K2O

Control 8.267 3.213 17.945 469.33 18.773 828.67



LSD at 0.5% 1.942 0.652 4.767 118.56 4.743 137.67

An

na

ls of A

gric. S

ci., Mo

shto

ho

r, Vo

l. 52

(1) 2

01

4.

Resp

on

se of stra

wb

erry

to sa

licylic a

cid a

nd

yea

st extra

ct ap

plica

tion

s 6

5

Table 5. Effect of fertigation using N K mineral fertilizers and foliar spray with growth stimulants as well as their interaction on total fruit yield and its components of



N,K (kg/fed) Spray

Early

yield

(ton/fed)

Exportable yield

(ton/fed)

Marketable yield

(ton/fed)

Total yield

(g/plant)

Total

Yield

(t/fed)

Unmarketable

yield(kg/fed)

100kgN+100kg

K2O 6.730 2.618 14.474

367.15 14.686

211.37

150kgN+200kg

K2O 7.245 2.872 18.294

468.48 18.739

444.70

200kgN+300kg

K2O 7.847 3.176 18.709

481.34 19.254

545.72

LSD at 0.5% 0.9178 0.492 1.118 25.937 1.038 236.47

Control 6.290 2.476 15.797 407.65 16.306 509.23



LSD at 0.5% 1.055 0.380 1.547 38.244 1.530 123.02

Control 6.232 2.145 13.688 349.58 13.983 296.47

100kgN+100kg

K2O Salicylic acid (1g/l)

6.734 2.931 14.991

379.52 15.181

187.35


Control 6.146 2.561 16.949 438.93 17.557 607.35

150kgN+200kg


7.986 2.986 19.163

486.85 19.474

310.88


Control 6.493 2.721 16.754 434.43 17.377 623.88

200kgN+300kg


9.255 3.668 20.203

516.11 20.644

440.92


LSD at 0.5% 1.827 0.658 2.679 66.241 2.650 213.08

An

na

ls of A

gric. S

ci., Mo

shto

ho

r, Vo

l. 52

(1) 2

01

4.

66

A

bo

-Sed

era, F

.A. et a

l.

Table 6. Effect of fertigation using N K mineral fertilizers and foliar spray with growth stimulants as well as their interaction on physical fruit quality of strawberry plants cv.

Florida during 2011/2012 and 2012/2013 seasons.

Treatments 2011/2012 2012/2013

N,K(kg/fed) Spray Fruit weight

(g)

Fruit length

(cm)

Fruit diameter

(cm)

Fruit firmness

(g/cm2)

Fruit

weigh

t (g)

Fruit

lengt

h

(cm)

Fruit

diamete

r (cm)

Fruit

firmnes

s

(g/cm2)

100kgN+100k

g K2O 15.83 4.14 2.98 142.38 19.88 4.19 3.12 98.78

150kgN+200k

g K2O 17.56 4.29 3.19 155.63 21.03 4.28 3.32 100.25

200kgN+300k

g K2O 17.85 4.33 3.27 162.01 21.04 4.31 3.26 107.59

LSD at 0.5% 1.31 0.19 0.15 11.31 0.96 0.08 0.12 1.49

Control 14.84 4.01 2.99 147.70 19.16 4.19 3.12 100.29

Salicylic acid (1g/l) 18.80 4.42 3.24 157.99 22.07 4.33 3.32 105.43

yeast extract

(100ml/l) 17.59 4.33 3.20 154.33 20.71 4.26 3.26 100.90

LSD at 0.5% 0.89 0.12 0.12 7.21 0.85 0.09 0.12 3.39

100kgN+100k

g K2O

Control 13.40 3.99 2.89 130.00 18.19 4.11 3.01 97.55

SA 1g/l 17.25 3.21 3.04 147.50 21.31 4.32 3.22 102.50

yeast 100ml/l 16.84 3.21 3.01 149.64 20.85 4.15 3.09 96.28

150kgN+200k

g K2O

Control 15.67 4.04 3.07 155.84 19.99 4.22 3.28 100.33

SA 1g/l 19.28 4.51 3.29 158.97 22.23 4.30 3.35 100.67

yeast 100ml/l 17.73 4.32 3.21 152.08 20.85 4.32 3.37 99.75

200kgN+300k

g K2O

Control 15.47 4.00 3.04 157.25 19.30 4.24 3.08 102.97

SA 1g/l 19.88 4.54 3.40 167.50 22.66 4.37 3.39 113.13

yeast 100ml/l 18.20 4.46 3.37 161.28 21.14 4.33 3.32 106.67

LSD at 0.5% 1.54 0.20 0.21 12.49 1.48 0.17 0.21 5.89

An

na

ls of A

gric. S

ci., Mo

shto

ho

r, Vo

l. 52

(1) 2

01

4.

Resp

on

se of stra

wb

erry

to sa

licylic a

cid a

nd

yea

st extra

ct ap

plica

tion

s 6

7

Table7. Effect of fertigation using N K mineral fertilizers and foliar spray with growth stimulants as well as their interaction on on chemical constituents in fruits of



N,K (kg/fed) spray TSS% Vit.C

(mg/100g f.w) Acidty (mg/100g f.w)

Total

sugars% Anthocyanin (mg/100g f.w) Nitrate (ppm)

100kgN+100kg K2O 10.35 42.26 1.655 6.19 81.54 155.56

150kgN+200kg K2O 10.54 43.33 1.69 6.28 83.51 198.89

200kgN+300kg K2O 10.73 46.75 1.72 6.62 87.57 286.67

LSD at 0.5% 0.17 0.94 NS 0.30 NS NS

control 10.32 42.28 1.62 6.16 79.18 247.78



LSD at 0.5% 0.37 1.12 0.079 0.41 6.53 NS

control 10.07 41.33 1.66 5.61 75.62 228.33

100kgN+100kg K2O Salicylic acid (1g/l) 10.47 42.47 1.70 6.40 86.15 116.67


control 10.34 41.50 1.59 6.26 80.80 186.67



control 10.56 43.99 1.60 6.62 81.14 328.33



LSD at 0.5% 0.64 1.93 0.14 0.71 11.31 161.32

An

na

ls of A

gric. S

ci., Mo

shto

ho

r, Vo

l. 52

(1) 2

01

4.

68

A

bo

-Sed

era, F

.A. et a

l.

Table 8. Effect of fertigation using N K mineral fertilizers and foliar spray with growth stimulants as well as their interaction on on chemical constituents in fruits of



N,K (kg/fed) spray

TSS% Vit.C

(mg/100g f.w) Acidty (mg/100g f.w)

Total

sugars% Anthocyanin (mg/100g f.w)

Nitrate (ppm)

100kgN+100kg K2O 8.98 51.44 1.44 6.08 82.03 131.67

150kgN+200kg K2O 9.34 51.67 1.53 6.17 86.00 238.89

200kgN+300kg K2O 9.74 53.22 1.56 6.48 87.31 267.78

LSD at 0.5% 0.69 NS NS 0.38 NS 97.737

control 8.80 50.00 1.48 5.82 80.13 253.89



LSD at 0.5% 0.40 1.97 NS 0.85 7.43 NS

100kgN+100kg K2O

control 8.54 48.33 1.37 5.66 75.48 203.33



150kgN+200kg K2O

control 8.89 51.33 1.57 5.75 82.13 273.33



200kgN+300kg K2O

Control 8.98 50.34 1.50 6.04 82.77 285.00



LSD at 0.5% 0.70 3.42 0.37 1.48 12.87 183.89

Response of strawberry to salicylic acid and yeast extract applications 69


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إستجابة الفراولة لمعامالت حمض السمسميك ومستخمص الخميرة تحت تراكيب مختمفة من

النيتروجين والبوتاسيوم

. وسيد منصور رزق **؛ أمانى عطية عبد المطيف**لطفى عبد الفتاح بدر ؛ * فتحي أبو النصر أبو سديرة ؛*جامعة بنيا - قسم البساتين كمية الزراعة بمشتير*

. مركز البحوث الزراعية–معيد بحوث البساتين –قسم بحوث البطاطس والخضر خضرية التكاثر **

الممخص العربي في مزرعة خاصو بقرية الدير مركز طوخ بمحافظة القميوبية لبحث إستجابة 2012/2013و2011/2012 إجريت ىذه الدراسة خالل موسمي

ات عمي النمو ننباتات الفراولة لممعاممو بحمض السمسميك ومستخمص الخميره تحت تراكيب مختمفو من النيتروجين والبوتاسيوم وسجمت البيا. الخضري والمكونات الكييماوية والمحصول ومكوناتة

كجم 300+كجم نيتروجين 200كجم بوتاسيوم وكذلك 200+كخم نيتروجين 150)تظير النتائج أن اعمي المستويات من االسمدة المعدنية لتر اعطي اعمي القيم لصفات النمو /مل100لمتر او مستخمص الخميرة بمعدل /جم 1لمفدان مع الرش بحمض السمسميك بمعدل (بوتاسيوم

الخضري وىي ارتفاع النبات وعدد االوراق والتيجان الثانويو لمنبات وقطر التاج ومساحو سطح الورقة والوزن الطازج والجاف لمنبات وكذلك . الحصول عمي اعمي قيم الفوسفور والبوتاسيوم والبروتين في االوراق خالل موسمي الدراسو

مع الرش بحمض (ا2كجم بو300+كجم نيتروجين 200)وتظير النتائج أيضا ان التركيبو ذات المعدل العالي من النيتروجين والبوتاسيوم أعطت اعمي قيم المحصول ومكوناتة خاصو المحصول المبكر والمحصول الصالح لمتصدير واعطت اعمي القيم (لمتر /جم 1)السالسميك

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Documents

Annals of Agric. Sci., Moshtohor ISSN 1110-0419 Vol. 52(1 ...aasj.bu.edu.eg/upload/2014/7.pdfMohamed (2008), Shafshak et al. 2010 and Jamali et al. (2013) found that spraying plants