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Anna university Question papers for V sem BE CSE( DBMS)« on: November 11, 2009, 05:03 AM »
B.E/B.Tech DEGREE EXAMINATION Apr/May 2008
Fifth semester
Computer Science and Engineering
CS1301 -DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
(Regulation 2004)
Time: 3 hours Maximum marks: 100
Answer ALL questions
PART A (10 x 2 =20 marks)
1. Define Data independence.
2. Distinguish between primary key and candidate key
3. With an example explain a weak entity in an ER diagram.
4. With an example explain referential integrity.
5. What is domain integrity? Give example.
6. Distinguish between dense and sparse indices.
7. List the properties that must be satisfied by a transaction,
8. Define deadlock.
9. State the advantages of distributed systems.
10. What is data warehousing?
PART B (5 x 16 = 80)
11. (a) (i) Construct an ER diagram for a car insurance company that has a set of customers, each of
whom owns one/more cars. Each car has associated with it zero to any number of recorded accidents.
(
(ii) Construct appropriate tables for the above ER diagram. (
(or)
(b) (i) Define data model. Explain the different types of data models with relevant examples. (10)
(ii) Explain the role and functions of the database administrator. (6)
12 (a) (i) with relevant examples discuss the following in SQL.
(i) Data Definition Language. (4)
(ii) Data Manipulation Language (4)
(iii) Data Control Language (4)
(iv) Views (4)
(or)
(b) What is normalization? Explain normalization techniques using functional dependencies with
relevant examples. (16)
13 (a) Explain following with relevant examples:
(i) B tree (5)
(ii) B+ tree (5)
(iii) Static and dynamic hashing (6)
(or)
(b) With a relevant example discuss the steps involved in processing a query. (16)
14 (a) Explain testing for serializability with respect to concurrency control schemes. How will you
determine, whether a schedule is serializable or not. (16)
(or)
(b) Explain the following concurrency control:
(i) Lock based protocol (
(ii) Time stamp based protocol (
15 (a) State and explain the object oriented data model. Use banking application as an example. (16)
(or)
(b) Write detail notes on following:
(i) Distributed Databases (
(ii) Data Mining (
B.E/B.Tech DEGREE EXAMINATION May/Jun 2007
Fifth semester
Computer Science and Engineering
CS1301 -DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
(Regulation 2004)
Time: 3 hours Maximum marks: 100
Answer ALL questions
PART A (10 x 2 =20 marks)
1. List Five Responsibilities of the DB manager.
2. Give the limitations of E-R model? How do you overcome this?
3. Define Query language. Give the classification of the query language.
4. Why it is necessary to decompose a relation?
5. Give any two advantages of sparse index over dense index.
6. Name the different types of joins supported in SQL.
7. What are the types of transparencies that a distributed database must support? Why?
8. What benefit is provided by strict-two phase locking? What are the Disadvantages result?
9. Briefly write the overall process of data warehousing.
10. What is an active database?
PART B (5 x 16 = 80)
11. (a) (i) What are the types of knowledge discovered during data mining? Explain with suitable
example. (
11. (a) (ii) Highlight the features of object oriented database (
(or)
11. (b) (i)What is nested relations? Give example. (
11. (b) (ii) Explain the structure of XML with suitable example. (
12. (a) (i) Compare file system with database system (
12 (a) (ii) Explain the architecture of DBMS. (
(or)
(b) (i) What are the steps involved in designing a database application? Explain with an application.
(10)
(ii) List the possible types of relations that may exist between two entities. How would you realize that
into tables for a binary relation? (6)
13 (a) (i) What are relational algebra operations supported in SQL? Write the SQL statement for each
operation. (
(ii) Justify the need for normalization with examples.
(or)
13 (b) (i) What is Normalization? Explain 1NF, 2NF, 3NF and BCNF with suitable example
(b) (ii) What is FD? Explain the role of FD in the process of normalization. (
14 (a) (i) Explain the security features of provided in commercial query languages. (
(ii) What are the steps involved in query processing? How would you estimate the cost of the query? (
(or)
(b) (i) Explain the different properties of indexes in detail (
(ii) Explain various hashing techniques? (
15. (a) (i) Explain the four important properties of transaction that a DBMS must ensure to maintain
database. (
15. (a) (ii) What is RAID? List the different levels in RAID technology and explains its features. (
(or)
15. (b) (i) What is concurrency control? How is it implemented in DBMS? Explain. (
15. (b) (ii) Explain various recovery techniques during transaction in detail. (
B.E/B.Tech DEGREE EXAMINATION Nov/Dec 2006
Fifth semester
Computer Science and Engineering
CS1301 -DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
(Regulation 2004)
Time: 3 hours Maximum marks: 100
Answer ALL questions
PART A (10 x 2 =20 marks)
1. Compare database systems with file systems.
2. Give the distinction between primary key, candidate key and super key.
3. Write a SQL statement to find the names and loan numbers of all customers who have a loan at
Chennai branch.
4. What is multivalued dependency?
5. Give the measures of the quality of the disk?
6. What are the two types of ordered indices?
7. List out the ACID properties.
8. What is shadow paging?
9. Compare DBMS versus object oriented DBMS.
10. What is Data warehousing?
PART B (5 x 16 = 80)
11. (a) (i) Describe the system structure of database system. (12)
(ii) List out the functions of DBA (4)
(or)
(b) (i) Illustrate the issues to be considered while developing an ER-diagram. (
(ii) Consider the relational database
employee (empname, street, city)
works (empname, companyname, salary)
company (companyname, city)
manages (empname, managername).
Give an expression in the relational algebra for each request.
Find the names of all employees who work for first bank Corporation.
Find the names, street addresses and cities of residence of all employees who work for first bank
corporation and earn more than 200000 per annum.
Find the names of all employees in this database who live in the same city as the company for which
they work.
Find the names of all employees who earn more than every Employees of small Bank Corporation. (4 *
2 =
12. (a) (i) Discuss about triggers. How do triggers offer a powerful mechanism for dealing with the
changes to database with suitable example. (10)
(ii) What are nested queries? Explain with example. (6)
(or)
(b) (i) What is normalization? Give the various normal forms of relational schema and define a relation
which is in BCNF and explain with suitable example. (12)
(ii)Compare BCNF versus 3NF. (4)
13. (a) (i) Describe about RAID levels. (10)
13.(a)(ii) Explain why allocations of records to blocks affects database system performance
significantly. (6)
(or)
(b) (i) Describe the structure of B+ tree and give the algorithm for search in the B+ tree with example.
(12)
(ii) Give the comparison between ordered indexing and hashing
14. (a) (i) Explain the different forms of Serializability. (10)
(ii) What are different types of schedules are acceptable for recoverability? (6)
(or)
(b) (i) Discuss on two-phase locking protocol and timestamp-based protocol. (12)
(ii) Write short notes on log-based recovery. (4)
15. (a) (i) Discuss in detail about the object relational database and its advantages. (
(ii) Illustrate the issues to implement distributed database. (
(or)
(b) (i) Give the basic structure of XML and its document schema. (
(ii) What are the two important classes of data mining problems?
Explain about rule discovery using those classes. (
B.E/B.Tech DEGREE EXAMINATION Nov/Dec 2007
Fifth semester
Computer Science and Engineering
CS1301 -DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
(Regulation 2004)
Time: 3 hours Maximum marks: 100
Answer ALL questions
PART A (10 x 2 =20 marks)
1. List any two advantages of database systems.
2. Give the reasons why null values might be introduces into the database.
3. What is static SQL? How does it differ from dynamic SQL?
4. What are the different types of integrity constraints used in designing a relational database?
5. Compare sequential access devices versus random access devices with an example.
6. What can be done to reduce the occurrences of bucket overflows in a hash file organization?
7. Give the ACID properties.
8. State the benefits of strict two-phase locking.
9. What is the need for complex data types?
10. What is data mining?
PART B (5 x 16 = 80)
11. (a) Explain the system structure of a database system with neat block diagram. (16)
(or)
(b) (i) Construct an ER-diagram for hospital with a set of patients and a set of medical doctors.
Associate with each patient a log of the various tests and examinations conducted. (
(ii) Discuss on various relational algebra operators with suitable Example. (
12. (a) (i) Consider the employee database, where the primary keys are underlined.
Employee (empname, street, city)
Works (empname, companyname, salary)
Company (companyname, city)
Manages (empname, managername)
And given an expression in SQL for the following queries:
(1) Find the names of all employees who work for First Bank Corporation.
(2) Find the names, street addresses, and cities of residence of all employees who work for First Bank
Corporation and earn more than 200000 per annum.
(3) Find the names of all employees in this database who live in the same city as the companies for
which they work.
(4) Find the names of all the employees who earn more than every employees of Small Bank
Corporation. (4 * 2 =
(ii) Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the trigger mechanism. Compare triggers with other
integrity (
(or)
(b) (i) What is normalization? Explain the various normalization
techniques with suitable example. (12)
(ii) Give the comparison between BCNF and 3NF. (4)
13. (a) (i) Explain how the RAID system improves performance and reliability. (
(ii) Describe the structure of B+ tree and list the characteristics of a B+ tree. (
(or)
(b) (i) Explain the steps involved in processing a query. (
(ii) Give the algorithm for hash join. (
14. (a) (i) Describe about the testing of serializability. (6)
(ii) Discuss on two-phase locking protocol. (10)
(or)
(b) (i) Explain the differed and immediate-modification versions of the log-based recovery scheme (10)
(ii) Write the short notes on shadow paging (6)
15 (a) (i) Highlight the features of OODBMS (
(ii) Write short notes on distributed databases (
(or)
(b) (i) Give the structure of XML data. (4)
(ii) Explain the architecture of a typical data warehouse and Describe the various components of data
warehouse. (12)
Anna University Question paper
1.1. Name the ACID properties of database transactions.2. Enumerate any two concurrency problems associated with database
transactions.3. Why is "Two Phase Locking" called so?4. When is "Two Phase Commit" important?5. Complete the given statement -
The expression "(A JOIN B) [projection]" is equivalent to the expression "(A [A-projection]) JOIN (B [B-projection])", if and only if ..... ?
6. Consider a database organisation in which key is hashed to an address in a table that contains pointer to the actual record in program data file. Give (dis)advantages of this organisation wrt following issues -
1. Variable length records.2. Random retrieval of records.
7. Let transactions T1, T2 and T3 be defined to perform the following operations on some item A in the database -
T1 : Add one to A T2 : Double A T3 : Display current value of A on screen and then set A to one
If these transactions are allowed to execute concurrently -
1. How many possible correct results are there?2. Enumerate all the correct results and corresponding transaction
sequences, assuming the initial value of A as N.2. Give the implications of following on recovery -
1. Force writing buffers to database at commit.2. Never physically writing buffers to database prior to commit.
3. Consider the situation that updates are not made directly to the database itself, but instead are recorded in a physically distinct file, called as differential file, and are merged with the actual database at some suitable subsequent time. Briefly discuss the merits/demerits of this scheme wrt following issues -
1. Database recovery.2. Sequential access to the data.
4. Consider a naive database system that executes user query as given, w/o performing any query optimisation. Which out of below two queries will you choose for better performance. Justify your choice.
1. (A JOIN B) where (A.ja = B.ja and B.ja > 50)2. ((A where A.ja > 50) JOIN (B where B.ja > 50)) where (A.ja = B.ja)
5. Consider a secure database that permits queries that derive aggregated information but not queries that derive individual information. For example, the query - "What is the average salary of teachers?" will be permitted, while the query - "What is the salary of teacher Rustom?" will not be. Is there a possiblity to find the salary of Rustom via legal query/queries? If yes, give the query/queries in verbal English (the way example queries are given in this question).
6. Consider a DBMS with write-ahead logging. Which underlying file system will you choose for it, for better performance - ext2 or ext3? Justify your choice.
Hints for Mid Semester Examination
1. FALSE. Depends on (bucket) data distribution in search space (partitions, bucket is associated with).
2. FALSE. Sequential data could be laid on consecutive sectors on a track (and consecutive tracks, if needed) on the disk.
3. FALSE. As long as insertions are happening in different buckets that can accomodate them, no issue.
4. TRUE. B# tree is minor variation of B tree to achieve better space utilisation.
Hints for End Semester Examination
1. To-the-point answers.1. Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation and Durability2. Mention any two of following -
- The lost update problem - Temporary update OR Dirty read OR The uncommitted dependency problem - Incorrect summary OR The inconsistent analysis problem - Unrepeatable read
3. Because in Two Phase Locking, the transaction has two phases - a lock acquisition phase and a lock releasing phase. In practice the second
phase is usually compressed into the single operation of COMMIT at end of transaction.
4. Two Phase Commit is important whenever a given transaction can interact with multiple, independent "resource managers", each of them managing it's own set of recoverable resources, eg. a transaction than updates both an IMS database and a DB2 database.
5. the attributes named in "projection" consist of the union of the attributes named in "A-projection" and "B-projection" and include all of the attributes that are common to the two relations.
6. Hints - 1. (Advantage) Variable length records can be accomodated easily.2. (Disadvantage) Additional block access for random retrieval of
records.7.
1. Six possible correct results, corresponding to the six possible serializations of the three transactions.
2. Following table enumerates all the correct results and corresponding transaction sequences -
3. Transaction Sequence | Final Value of A | Value of A displayed on screen
4. ---------------------+------------------+-------------------------------
5. T1 - T2 - T3 | 1 | 2*N + 2
6. T1 - T3 - T2 | 2 | N + 1
7. T2 - T1 - T3 | 1 | 2*N + 1
8. T2 - T3 - T1 | 2 | 2*N 9. T3 - T1 - T2 | 4 | N 10. T3 - T2 - T1 | 3 |
N 11.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
2.1. REDO is never necessary following system failure.2. Physical UNDO is never necessary, and hence UNDO logs are also
unnecessary.3.
1. Recovery after a program/hardware failure is fast. The risk of a serious data loss is reduced.
2. Sequential access to the data - eg., via an index, is not efficient.
4. "Query B" will (always?) result in smaller size tables (subsets of A and B) being joined (cartesian product) and thus smaller table on which restriction is applied. Look out for overall I/O and comparison operations.
5. Yes. A possibility exists with queries like the one given below.
Q1 : How many male PUCSD teachers aged between 38 and 42 are there, who are MCA graduates from PUCSD and expert in Functional Programming? Q2 : What is the average salary of male PUCSD teachers aged between 38 and 42, who are MCA graduates from PUCSD and expert in Functional Programming?
If answer to query Q1 is one and Rustom matches the criteria of this query, we will get salary of Rustom via query Q2.
6. Ext3 is a logging based (journalling) flesystem.
Anna University Question paper 2005.
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Term-End ExaminationDecember, 2005CS 06 : Database Management System
Note: Question number 1 is compulsory. Answer any three questions from the rest.
Q.1. (a) Design an ER diagram for an IT training group database that will meet the information needs for its training program. Clearly indicate the entities, relationships and the key constraints. The description of the environment is as follows :
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The company has 12 instructors and can handle upto 100 trainees for each training session. The company offers 5 Advanced technology courses, each of which is taught by a team of 2 or more instructors Each instructor is assigned to a maximum of two teaching teams or may be assigned to do research Each trainee undertakes one Advanced technology course per training session.
(b) Examine the table shown below :
Staff No.
Branch No.
Branch Address
Name PositionHrs/Week
E101
B02
Sun Plaza, Delhi, 110001
RamAssistant
16
E101
B042/3 UT, Delhi, 110111
RamAssistant
9
E122
B02
Sun Plaza, Delhi, 110001
Mohan
Assistant
14
E122
B042/3 UT, Delhi, 110111
Mohan
Assistant
10
(i)Why is the table above not in 2NF ?(ii) Describe the process of normalizing the data shown in the table above to third normal form (3NF).(iii) Identify the primary and foreign keys in your 3NF relations.
(c) With the help of an exampte, explain ihe Direct file organization method.
(d) Explain the following integrity rules of a relational model with the help of an example :(i) Entity Integrity
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(ii) Referential Integrity
(e) Explain how the "GROUP By" clause works. What is the difference between the WHERE and HAVING clauses ? Explain them with the help of an example for each.
Q.2. (a) Consider the following relations :Employee (emplD, FirstName, LastName, address, DOB, sex, position, deptNo)Department (dtptNo, deptName, mgr, empID)Project (projNo, projName, deptNo)Work on (empID, projNo, hours worked)
Write the SQL statements for the following :(i) List the name and addresses of all employees who work for the IT department.(ii) List the total hours worked by each employee, arranged in order of department number and within department, alphabetically by employee surname.(iii) List the total number of employees in each department for those departments with more than 10 employees.(iv) List the project number, project name and the number of employees who work on that project.
(b) What is a database model ? Explain any two types of data models with an example for each.
Q.3. (a) What is the need for evaluation of a DBMS ? List the technical criteria that are to be considered during the evaluation process.
(b) What are the main features of the Object Oriented Database Management System ? How is this advantageous over RDBMS ?
(c) What is a knowledge-base system? With the help of an example for each, explain how it is different from a conventional DBMS.
Q.4. (a) Explain the issues that are to be addressed for a distributed database design. Explain how these issues apply to the global system catalogue.
(b) Why is a B+ tree a better structure than a B-
tree for implementation of an indexed sequential file ? Explain this with an example.
(c) With the help of an example, explain the concept of multilist file organization.
Q.5. (a) Given the relational schemes :ENROL (S#, C#, Section) - S# represents student numberTEACH (Prof, C#, Section) - C# represents course numberADVISE (Prof, S#) - Prof is thesis advisor of S#PRE_REQ (C#, Pre_C#) - Pre_C# is prerequisite courseGRADES (S#, C#, Grade, Year)STUDENT (S#, Sname) - Sname is student name
Give queries expressed in relational algebra, tuple calculus and domain calculus for the following :(i) List all students taking courses with Zeba.(ii) List all students taking at least one course that their advisor teaches.(iii) List those professors who teach more than one section of the same course. (9)
(b) What are the design goals of a good relational database design ? Is it always possible to achieve these goals ? If some of these goals are not achievable, what alternate goals should you aim for and why ?
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Term-End ExaminationDecember, 2005MCS-023 Database Management Systems Note : Question number 1 is compulsory. Answer any three questions from the rest.
Q.1. (a) Consider the following requirements of a university database system :
The university keeps track of its students. It stores the student name, enrolment number, date of birth, phone number, gender and address.The university also keeps track of the programmes offered by it. The information that is to be kept about the programme is : programme code, programme name, fee, minimum eligibility and date of start of programme.The university has many departments. A programme is associated with only one department. Each department has a location address and name.A student can register only for one programme at a timeDraw an E- R diagram for the university. Make suitable assumptions, if any.
(b) Consider the following relational scheme:- Books (book_id, b_name, author, purchase_date, cost)- Members (member_id, m_name,
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address, phone, birth_date)- Issue_return (book_id, member_id, issue_date, return_date)
Formulate SQL queries to the following :(i) Find the names of all those books that have not been issued.(ii) Display the member_id and the number of book issued to that member. (Assume that it a book in issue_return relation does not have a return_date, then it is issued.)(iii) Find the book that has been issued the maximum number of times.(iv) Display the names and authors of books that have been issued at any time to a member whose member_id is "ab".(v) List the book-id of those books that have been issued to any member whose date of birth is less than '01 01-1985', but have not been issued to any member having the birth date equal to or greater than '01-01-1985'.
(c) What is data independence in the context of a DBMS ? Explain with the help of an example.
(d) List at least four problems of concurrent transactions. Explain each with the help of an example.
(e) What is a primary index ? How is it different from secondary index ? Explain them with the help of an example each. Why is secondary index more helpful in increasing the efficiency ? Explain what the help of an example.
Q.2. (a) Explain the six limitations of file based systems. How can the problem of data dependence be solved by Database systems ?
Explain this with the help of an example.
(b) A bank has many branches. A customer can open his/her account in any branch and can operate his/her account from any branch. The information that is stored about the account includes account number, branch, name of the customer, address of customer, guarantors of the customer, account balance
(i) Suggest a suitable fragmentation scheme for the bank. Give reasons in support of your scheme.
(ii) Suggest a suitable replicaiion scheme. Justify your suggestion.Make suitable assumptions, if any.
(c) Write at least two advantages and two disadvantages of data replication.
Q.3. Consider the following relation :UNIVERSITY (student_id, s-name, programme, subject, subject name, credits, number_of_hrs, date_of_registration_to_programme, maximum-duration-of_programme)Please note the following points about the database above :
A student can enrol for many programmes at a time.Number_of_hrs per credit is 30.A programme may consist of many subjects. One subject belongs to only one programme.(i) Explain at least three anomalies that exist in the relation above.(ii) What are the functional dependencies in the relation above ? What is the primary key of the relation ?
(iii) Normalise th e relation to first 2NF and then to 3NF.(iv) Write the SQL commands for creation of tables.Make suitable assumption, if any.
Q.4. (a) What is a log ? What are its contents ? How can log be used for database recovery ? Explain this with the help of an example. How is a checkpoint useful for log based recovery ? Explain with the help of an example.
(b) Why are multiple access paths needed for database files ? Explain with the help of an example. Explain the multilist file organisation with the help of an example.
Q.5. Explain the following in the context of database systems with the help of an example each :(i) The three level architecture and its need(ii) 2 Tier-client server architecture(iii) Authorisation in databases(iv) Creation of view(v) JOIN operation
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Term-End ExaminationJune, 2006 - RevisedMCS23 Database Management Systems Note : Question number 1 is compulsory. Answer any three questions from the rest.
Q.1. (a) Draw an E R diagram for inventory management systems by selecting suitable entity types, attributes and their relationship. Also give the relationship cardinality and participation constraints.
(b) Consider the following relational schema:EMPLOYEE (Fnarne. Mname. Lname, SSN, Bdate. Address, Sex, Salary, SuperSSN, DNO)DEPARTMENT (Dname, DNO, MgrSSN, MgrStartDate)PROJECT (PNO, PNAME, PLOCATION, DNO)DEPENDENT (ESSN. DEPENDENT_NAME, SEX, BDATE. RELAT1ONSHIP)Make necessary assumptions, if any. Formulate SQL queries for the following:
(i) Retrieve the name and address of all employees who work for the Computer Science and Engineering’ Department.(ii) Retrieve the name of the manager of each department.(iii) Retrieve, for each female employee, a list of the names of her dependents.(iv) Retrieve the first name, last name, and salary of all empioyees who work on Project number 10.(v) Retrieve the SSNs of all
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employees who either work in Department Number 2 or supervise an employee who works in Department Number 2.
(c) What are the insertion, deletion and update anomalies that occur in a database ? Explain the mechanism to remove these anomalies from tables, with the help of an example.
(d) Explain the 2-phase locking protocol with the help of an example. What are the disadvantages of basic 2-phase locking ? How can these disadvantages be overcome ?
(e) Explain the indexed sequential file organisation. What are its advantages over sequential organisation?
Q.2. (a) Consider a relation R(A, B, C, D, E) and the set of FD’s: AB->C, C->D, D->A, BD->E.
(i) List the candidate keys for the relation R.(ii) In what normal form is the relation presently, and why?(iii) Normalise the relation till BCNF.
(b) Explain five advantages and five disadvantages of a distributed database system.
Q.3. (a) Explain the various components of a DBMS, with the help of a suitable diagram.
(b) (i) What is a transaction ? Explain this help of a transaction psendocode.(ii) Explain the properties of transactions.
(iii) Explain the various states through which a transaction passes during execution.
Q.4. (a) (i) What are sparse and dense indices ? Give one example of each.(ii) Can we use Binary Search tree as an index ? Justify your answer.(iii) Which data structure is most suitable for implementing indices ? Justify your answer.
(b) For each of the following, write suitable SQL commands and illustrate them through an example:
(i) Creation of views(ii) Creation of a sequence(iii) Outer join(iv) To give access permission to a user
Q.5. Explain the following in the context of DBMS, with the help of a diagram or an example:(i) Data fragmentation(ii) Three-level architecture(iii) Desirable properties of decomposition(iv) Authorization
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Term-End ExaminationDecember, 2006 - RevisedMCS-23 Database Management Systems Note : Question number 1 is compulsory. Answer any three questions from the rest.
1. (a) Draw ER diagram for the situation given below. In a Department many employees are working on many projects which are under the control of the manager of the department. The manager of the department also holds the responsibility of the welfare of the employees. Make suitable choice of the attributes for the concerned entitles and transform your ER diagram into a relational database. (8)
(b) Differentiate between the following : 4x5=20
(i) Physical data independence and Logical data independence(ii) Serial schedule and Serializable schedule(iii) Object based data models and Record based logical data models(iv) File base system and DBMS
(c) R1 and R2 are two given relations
R1:
AB
A1 B1
A2 B2
A3 B3
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A4 B4
R2:
XY
A1 B1
A7 B7
A2 B2
A4 B4
Find Union, Intersection and Set Difference.
(d) Draw suitable graph for following locking requests, and find whether the transactions are deadlocked or not.
T1 : S_lockA
— —
—T2 : X_lockB
—
—T2 : S_lockC
—
— —T3 : X_lockC
—T2 : S_lockA
—
TI : S_lockB
— —
TI : S_lockA
— —
— —T3 : S_lockA
All the locking requests start from here
2. (a) Consider the following relational database schemaEmployee (empcode. ename, eaddress, esalary)Department (deptcode, dname. diocation)Project (projcode . projname, projduration)
Worksfor (empcode, deptcode, projcode, duration)Perform following queries using SQL and relational algebra : (2 1/2 x4=10)
(i) Find the name of the employees whose salary is more than 5 lacs per annum.(ii) Find details of departments located in Delhi.(lii) Find details of employees working on project 'P123'(iv) Find the name of department in which project 'P123' is executed.
(b) What are integrhy constraints ? Discuss difFerent types of integrity constraints which can be imposed on databases.
(c) Why is normalization of database done ? Discuss synthesis and decomposition approach of normalization with an example.
Q.3. (a) What is the importance of File organisation in databases ? What are the different types of file organisations available ? Discuss any one of them in detail.
(b) What are Clustering Indexes ? Discuss with example.
(c) With the help of an example prove the statement "Every relation which is in 3NF is not in BCNF but the converse is true"
Q.4 . (a) What Is the need for distributed database systems ? Discuss the structure of distributed database.
(b) What is Write Ahead Log protocol ? What is the purpose of this protocol?
(c) Discuss the relationship between security and integrity. What are different levels of security measures that may be considered to protect the database?
Q.5. Write short notes on:
(a) Optimistic scheduling for concurrency control(b) Distributed DBMS. its advantages and disadvantages(c) Check points(d) Deadlock prevention protocols(e) Locks arid its type
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