SAIncreasing our Compassionate FootprintOctober 2014

SA big businessmoves into Africato monopolisechicken, dairy andanimal feed production.

Millions of small-scale farmers stand to lose their livelihoods.

A N I M A L

VOICEVOICEF O R C O M P A S S I O N I N W O R L D F A R M I N GO F F I C I A L M O U T H P I E C E I N S O U T H A F R I C A

See page 3

C O N TE N TS

A NIM AL V O ICE

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W E BSIT E: S A O F F IC Ew w w .ci w f .o r g .z aw w w .h u m a n e-e d uca t i o n .o r g .z aE m a il: a v o ic e @ y e b o .co .z a

W E BSIT E: CIW F H Qw w w .ci w f .o r g

UPDATE SA F o o d Gian ts3 introduce A frica t o ne w st aple food

W o o l w or t hs8 cla ims ano ther “f irst ” for Animal Welf are

INSIGHT D e b a t e6 Should animals be of f our SA menus?

BOOK REVIEW Ev e ry T w e lv e Seconds17 Writ t en by Timothy Pachira t

ACTION Act ion A l e r ts18 Wha t you can do...

La w Pro f essor ca lls f or r eco gni t ion9 of animals as individuals

SA

Bro k e n Chick e ns4 Appe al to SA Poultry Associa t ion

M e a t-fr e e M ond ays13W ill City of CT reinst a t e MFM in int erest of food security?

Con f essions o f a conv e r t15 Mee t Ivank a Corradi

INSPIRATION F e lici t y10 The f ight for her and billions of o thers...

Dear Supporter,

Factory farming is spreading like wildfire through Africa and those who promote it are calling it 'progress'.

You and I know that factory farming is poisoning our planet, swallowing up small family farms and completely ruining the lives of animals. Yet, the African continent has become the new target for aggressive expansionism for factory farming.

With your help, Compassion can persuade more food industry leaders to use their massive marketing machines to promote humane, sustainable farming. We can expand our investigations into cruelty. And we can build our army of voices through public events and global online campaigns.

Please give generously to our South African office!

L o uis e v a n d e r M e r w eD ir ect or: CIW F (SA)

Philip Lymberyis Chief Executive of Compassion in World Farmingand author of FARMAGEDDON:The true cost of cheap meat

The Humane Education Trust is licensed to represent Compassion in World Farming in South Africa.Account Name THE HUMANE EDUCATION TRUSTBank Name ABSA, Somerset WestAccount Number 9094070046

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A new report by the Johannesburg-based NGO African Centre for Biosafety claims South African Agribusiness conglomerates and food retailers are fast moving into the continent of Africa to take advantage of untapped markets created by burgeoning urban populations. By 2030, it states, Africa's top 18 cities will have a combined spending power of US$1.3 trillion, of which US$400 billion will likely be spent on food each year.

In this 'nutrition transition' brought on by urbanisation and the “aggressive expansionism” of South African food giants, people will move away from existing diets primarily derived from plant-based sources, low in fat and high in fibre, to more western-style diets that are energy-dense and low in fibre.

The report, titled 'Africa an El Dorado for South Africa's Agribusiness Giants' states that SA's Big Businesses are setting themselves up throughout the continent bringing promises of food security, job creation, skills transfer and infrastructure development while ignoring the fact that traditional farming systems on which millions of Africans depend for survival will be displaced. The report predicts that while smallholders around Africa still produce 90% of Africa's agricultural output, this will all change with the infiltration of the modern industrialised farming model (factory farming) which is focused on ‘biotechnology, synthetic fertilisers and debt-driven commercialisation’.See

Moreover, it states, there are potentially dire implications for Africa's food sovereignty movement too. Food Sovereignty is defined as “the right of people to healthy and culturally appropriate food produced through ecologically sound and sustainable methods and their right to define their own food and agriculture systems.” Modern industrialised (factory) farming does not deliver food sovereignty and, says the report, despite achieving increases in yield “has not necessarily translated into increased access to food, increased income or increased nutritional security, ecological sustainability or social

,

http://www.acbio.org.za/

ar e changing t h e d ie t o f A frica's burg e oning urb an p o pula t ions w i t h p o t e n t ia lly d ir e socia l, h e a l t h and

e nvironm e n t a l conse qu e nces claims n e w r e p or t .

justice.”Rainbow Chicken features prominently in the report. However, it states, “Rainbow is not the only South African poultry company interested in new African markets.”

Astral is close on the heels of Rainbow , along with others including Pioneer Foods (which owns Quantum Foods which owns Nulaid eggs), AFGRI which deals in day-old chick hatchery supplies, Clover Holdings (dairy giant), and

the Oceana Group Holdings. Retail giants like Shoprite, Pick n Pay, Woolworths and Spar are included in the list. Shoprite, it states, is already operating in 16 African countries through 1525 corporate and 377 franchise outlets and holds more

than 34% of the supermarket market share on the continent.

The report warns that moving away from staple foods such as sorghum, millet and maize to a Western-style diet, has health implications such as obesity, heart disease and strokes.

But more than this, “expansion of the 'mega' into new markets tends to displace the small and varied farms and suppliers who traditionally operate in that space.” South Africa is its own example: By 2007, the 1,700-odd supermarkets in South Africa had replaced an equivalent of 350 000 spaza-type shops. This should be seen in the context that small spaza-type shops provide more jobs per volume than supermarkets and “emerging evidence indicates that mega markets jettison three jobs for every two they create”.

The report concludes: “There is no doubt that African farmers need support. For example, poor post-harvest storage accounts for 40% loss... What is debatable is how this should be done.” While South African agribusinesses move in, disrupting traditional farming systems on which millions of Africans depend for survival, and posing a threat to the environment, ecology and bio-diversity of the continent... “the voices of those likely to be most affected have not been heard.”

SA food giants

RAI N B WO TM

C hicke n to dominate African diet

Compassion sup p or t e r cha ll e ng es p oul t ry indust ry CE O t o s t o p t h e su f f e rin g

‘Bro k e n’ chick e ns

Good day Mr Lovell

T hank you for reading my ema il.

I recen t ly wen t t o a cull depo t t o purchase some ex ba t t ery

hens and was wi t ness t o t he mos t dread ful anima l cruel ty.

I a t t ach pho t os and ask t ha t t he sa le o f live hens t o

in forma l t raders be s t opped immedia t ely. I am sure you will

agree wi t h me a f t er seeing t he shocking images I managed t o

cap t ure. T he t raders were forcing t he live hens in t o

wheelbarrows, t iny boxes, t hey were carrying t he hens away by

t he f ee t, 2 or 3 in each hand, t he owner o f t he bakkie o f hens

pic t ured here was forcing abou t 20 hens in t o a space big

enough for abou t 4. He was ac t ua lly injuring t hem delibera t ely

in order t o force more in. He knew he was being cruel because he

didn’ t wan t a record o f his cruel ty. He asked me i f I was f rom

t he SPCA. He t hen t hrea t ened me and forced me t o dele t e

t he images I had ob t a ined. For t una t ely his knowledge o f cell

phones was lacking and so I managed t o keep t hem.

T he cull depo t workers were indi f f eren t t o t he su f f ering o f

t he hens casua lly t hrowing t he 'broken' ones ou t. I o f f ered t o

buy one o f t he su f f ering hens and was t old I couldn’ t have her

because she was 'broken'.

I f eel sure t ha t you as a compassiona t e man will no t a llow t his

cruel ty t o con t inue.

T hanking you mos t sincerely in advance

Janine Nash

Th e gu t-wr e nching sigh t o f e nd-o f-lay h e ns b e ing crush e d in t o im p ossib l e sp aces and t hro w n ou t if 'bro k e n', has pro m p t e d Co m p assion sup p or t e r J a nin e N ash t o issu e a cha ll e ng e t o K e v in L o v e l l , CE O of the South A frican Poultry Associa t ion. In an o p e n l e t t e r t o K e vin Lov e ll, sh e says: S t o p t h e su f f e rin g!

J a n ine's open le t te r. . .

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Janine's call for compassion has the full force of CIWF’s support. Write your own email to Kevin Lovell at k e v in @ sa p o u l t r y .co .z aTell him that the brutality and callous disregard for animal suffering exhibited by the poultry industry is a national disgrace.

A ct ionA le r t!

dep r i v ed of w a te r a nd food.. .

bro k en a nd d y ing.. .

E nd-of-l a y hens a re cr ushed in to im possible sp aces.. .

This debate took place before a packed audience at the University of Cape Town's Kramer Lecture Theatre on 31st July 2014

TedxCapeTown

Should animals be off South African menus?

P r o f e sso r D a v i d B e n a t a r (H e a d o f t h e Department of Philosophy a t UCT)N i k k i B o t h a (Ch e f a t Plant Ca fe and anima l act ivist)B r e t t T h o m pso n (D igi t a l mark e t ing manag e r a t Fry's and pro p on e n t o f Me a t Free Mondays-SA)

A n g us M cIn t osh (F arm manag e r a t Spier and a l e a d ing B io dynam ic f arm e r o f grass-f e d ca t t l e and fr e e rang e h e ns)M a r g o t J a ns e (Ex ecu t iv e Ch e f a t Le Q uart ier Franca is, Franschho e k)J acq u e s Ro uss e a u (Lect ur e r in Busin ess E t hics in t h e F aculty of Commerce)

Before the debate started, 60% of the audience voted for the motion.At the end of the debate, 71% of the audience voted for the motion.

Angus McIntosh:

Jacques Rousseau:

Margot Janse:

Ev e ry sing l e t im e w e e a t w e ar e vo t ing f or t h e f arm e r w hose pro duce w e cho ose t o e a t . If you cho ose t o e a t f act ory f arm e d f o o d you ar e cho osing a process t ha t is ch e m ica lly d e p e nd e n t and b e lie v e d t o b e conn ect e d w i t h t h e incr e ase in au t ism, cance r and o b esi t y. Br e ast m ilk, f or e xam p l e , d e e m e d t o b e t h e pur est o f m ilks, no w con t ains t h e r esidu e o f m or e t han 200 p est icid es accord ing t o r ece n t r ese arch.Re g e n e ra t iv e agricul t ur e , on t h e o t h e r hand , r e v e rses t h e d amag e d on e by f act ory f arm ing. It se qu est e rs carb on b ack in t o t h e so il, co m p osts t h e so il, and t h e so il ho lds m or e w a t e r as humus incr e ases.Through our buying p o w e r w e can cho ose drug-d e p e nd e n t f e e d lo t b e e f or h e a l t hy grass-f e d b e e f . Th e r e is d est ruct iv e f arm ing and t h e r e is r e g e n e ra t iv e f arm ing. By proxy, you cho ose w hich you w an t e v e ry t im e you e a t .

Lo ts o f our curr e n t m e a t consum p t ion is unconsciona b l e bu t t his d o es no t m e an t ha t e a t ing m e a t is n ecessarily im p e rm issib l e . W e n e e d t o r esp ect se n t ie nce; w e n e e d t o avo id unn ecessary anima l su f f e ring. Bu t se n t ie nce is no t t h e sam e as se l f-a w ar e n ess. If anima ls ar e no t se l f-a w ar e in accord ance w i t h t h e m irror t est (ie r eco gnising t ha t t h e imag e in t h e m irror is t h e ir o w n), t h e n I d on't se e a m ora l o b liga t ion no t t o e a t t h e m and kill t h e m in a p ain-fr e e w ay. Co ws and chick e ns ar e no t se l f a w ar e .

Just as co ws ar e no t ma d e t o e a t grain in t h e f e e d lo ts, w e ar e no t ma d e t o e a t just p lan ts. P e o p l e n e e d a b ou t 75 – 80 grams o f anima l pro t e in a d ay and w e ar e f ar e xce e d ing t his r e quir e m e n t . So l e t's e a t l ess m e a t , avo id f ak e f ast f o o d – bu t d on't t ak e a w ay my cho ice t o e a t m e a t . Th e w ay t o w in, is t o liv e w i t h r esp ect – f or e ach o t h e r and t h e cho ices w e mak e , as w e ll as t h e anima ls w e e a t .

Nikki Botha:

Brett Thompson:

David Benatar:

I sp e ak on b e ha l f o f t h e anima ls. O n e o f t h e f und am e n t a l d if f e r e nces b e t w e e n humans and non-humans is t h e righ t t o cho ice . W e cho ose t o e x e rcise our righ t t o cho ice in a sa d ist ic and arro gan t mann e r. W e ar e no w t h e inhuman sp ecies. Ea t ing m e a t is an e x t r e m e f orm o f bullying. It is unn ecessary t o e a t anima ls and t h e ir pro ducts and scie nce has irr e f u t a b l e pro o f t ha t v e ganism is t h e saviour o f t his p lan e t .

Th e consum p t ion o f anima l pro ducts is t h e l e a d ing cause o f m ost o f t h e e nvironm e n t a l cha ll e ng es f acing our p lan e t . A co w pro duces 500 li t r es o f m e t han e e v e ry sing l e d ay and t h e r e ar e 2 m illion co ws slaugh t e r e d annua lly in Sou t h A frica a lon e . By sw i t ching t o a p lan t-b ase d d ie t you w ill b e making t h e b igg est p ossib l e im p act f or g o o d on our p lan e t .

Th e r e ar e many argum e n ts w hy anima ls should b e o f f t h e m e nu, includ ing e nvironm e n t a l r e asons and h e a l t h b e n e f i ts. I w an t t o f ocus on t h e e t hica l qu est ion o f our t r e a t m e n t o f t h e anima ls t h e mse lv es. In Sou t h A frica t h e r e ar e w e ll in e xcess o f a b illion anima ls kill e d f or f o o d annua lly. M ost hav e su f f e r e d unb e lie va b ly t hrough t h e course o f t h e ir liv es. Th e im p osi t ion o f t his su f f e ring is unacce p t a b l e , bu t b ecause our o p p on e n ts in t his d e b a t e agr e e , I sha ll no t argu e f ur t h e r f or t his. Le t's assum e t ha t anima ls could b e r e ar e d and slaugh t e r e d p ainl essly. W ould i t b e acce p t a b l e t o t ak e t h e ir liv es m e r e ly b ecause t h e y ar e no t se l f-a w ar e? If i t w e r e , t h e n i t w ould b e p e rm issib l e t o kill and e a t t hose humans — b a b ies and t h e se v e r e ly d e m e n t e d , f or e xam p l e , w ho lack se l f-a w ar e n ess. To kill any se n t ie n t b e ing f or on e's o w n p l e asur e is unacce p t a b l e . W e d o no t n e e d t o e a t anima ls t o surviv e and t hriv e and w e should d esist fro m our consum p t ion o f anima ls e n t ir e ly.

Speakers for the motion were:

Speakers against the motion were:

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MenuRo ast b e e f

W e an e d a t 7 m on t hs and 'f inish e d' in a f e e d lo t f or 100 d ays

O R

Le g o f 10-m on t h-o ld lam b

(By-ca t ch includ es jacka l, caraca l and l e o p ard . W arning: f ocusing on t h e by-ca t ch can l e a d t o loss o f a p p e t i t e)

O R

Br e ast o f (o b ese) chick e n

'H arv est e d' a t 39 d ays w i t h t hr e e t im es m or e f a t t han 40 y e ars ag o . A n t ib io t ics and b act e ria includ e d f or fr e e . Sp ecia l d iscoun t if e vid e nce f ound o f b lack amm onia burns fro m r est ing on f il t hy li t t e r

O R

Pork Ribs

H arv est e d fro m six-m on t h-o ld p igs w ho n e v e r e xp e rie nce d a b la d e o f grass or a ray o f sunshin e

O R

Scram b l e d Eggs

Laid by maim e d h e ns crush e d in t o sp ace a llo w ances o f 75% o f an A 4 sh e e t o f p a p e r e ach.O R

M ilk Pud d ing

Sup p lie d by co ws w hose ca lv es ar e rip p e d fro m t h e m a t on e d ay o ldO R

. H orm on es and an t ib io t ics includ e d f or fr e e .

.

. A n t ib io t ics includ e d f or fr e e .

.

P as t u r e-r e a r e d o n a b i o d y n a mic f a r m . (W a rning! This op t ion cos t s e x t r a!)

Sh e p h e r d in a t t e n d a nc e w i t h n o b y-ca t ch (W a rning! This op t ion cos t s e x t r a!)

W e l l-m a n a g e d f r e e r a n g e a l l o w in g f o r n a t u r a l b e h a v i o u r a n d e x p e ri e nc e o f su nshin e , so il a n d g r ass. (W a rning! This op t ion cos t s e x t r a!)

F r e e t o f o r a g e , r o o t a r o u n d a n d p l a y . (W a rning! This op t ion cos t s e x t r a!)

W e l l-m a n a g e d f r e e r a n g e a l l o w in g f o r n a t u r a l b e h a v i o u r a n de x p e ri e nc e o f su nshin e , so il , g r ass a n d a b il i t y t o us e l e gs. (W a rning! This op t ion cos t s e x t r a!)

N o o p t i o n a v a il a b l e .

Roast Beef

Leg of 10-month-old Lamb

Breast of Obese Chicken

Pork Ribs

Scrambled Eggs

Milk Pudding

Bon appe tite!

Wool w orths b eco m es

Wool w orths announce d in July 2014 t ha t fro m t h e e nd o f Se p t e m b e r, a ll fr esh p ork so ld a t Wool w orths w ill b e source d fro m f arms t ha t no long e r use so w st a lls t o r est rain pr e gnan t so ws. Compassion in World F arming has w e lco m e d t h e Wool w orths announce m e n t . Said Co m p assion’s SA D ir ect or Louise van d e r M e rw e:

We congr a tu la te Wool wor ths for t a k ing t h is m ajor step for w a rd on beh a l f of mother p igs a nd we hope t h a t Wool wor ths' in i t i a t i v e w il l ch a l lenge a nd inspi re t he rest of t he migh t y por k indust r y to insist on l i v es wor th l i v ing for t hei r breeding sows as a m a t te r of u rgency. We're t a l k ing here about t he South A f r ica n Por k Producers' Orga n isa t ion , The South A f r ica n Mea t Processors A ssocia t ion , Es k or t L td., Premier Por k , Winela nds Por k , ret a i le rs l i k e Pic k n Pa y , Shop r i te Chec k ers a nd Sp a r a nd t he l ist goes on . Com p assion in Wor ld F a r ming a nd i ts suppor te rs u rge a l l of t hem: Please join t h a t p a r t of societ y t h a t st r i v es for a k inder wor ld.

F irst M ajor Sou t h A frican Re t ail e r t o in t ro duce So w-Frie nd lie r Pork Pro ducts

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Woolworths became the first African retailer to receive Compassion’s Good Egg Award for its commitment to cage-free eggs.

16 April 2014:

h t t p:/ / g o o .g l/Prv e vCw w w .you t ub e .co m / w a t ch?v=dL Q w jCu9yhI

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University of Johannesburg Professor calls for legislators, policy-makers and courts

to recognise the interests of animals as individuals

As an e xam p l e , P r o f e sso r B ilchi t z r e f e rr e d t o t h e larg e am oun t o f e nvironm e n t a l l e gisla t ion t ha t ha d b e e n p asse d in Sou t h A frica, m ost o f w hich " assiduously avo id e d t h e m e n t ion o f anima l w e l f ar e .”

h e said .

Pro f essor B ilchi t z is a lso D ir ect or o f t h e South A frican Inst itut e for Advanced Const itut ional, Public, Human Rights and Int erna t ional La w , and Secr e t ary-G e n e ra l (Act ing), o f t h e Int erna t ional Associa t ion of Const itut ional La w .

“K e y conce p ts,” h e said , “ w e r e 'b io lo gica l d iv e rsi t y', t h e pro t ect ion o f 'ecosyst e ms' and 'sp ecies' w i t h anima ls b e ing r e f e rr e d t o sim p ly as p ar t o f Sou t h A frica's 'b io lo gica l r esources' t o b e u t iliz e d in a sust aina b l e

mann e r. Th e no t ion o f t h e se n t ie nce o f ind ividua l anima ls and t h e ir w e l f ar e w as no t e xpr essly e ngag e d w i t h by t h e l e ga l fram e w ork making i t ‘d e e p ly f la w e d ’ and ill-e quip p e d t o a d dr essing im p or t an t qu est ions r e la t ing t o t h e r e gula t ion, f or e xam p l e , o f hun t ing.”

" A nima ls hav e in t e r ests t ha t ma t t e r in and o f t h e mse lv es and t h e invasion o f t h e ir m ost f und am e n t a l in t e r ests is a se rious m ora l wrong, "

“Th e r e f usa l t o sanct ion injust ice must no t arb i t rarily b e con f in e d t o t h e human sp ecies.”

Speaking at the Global Animal Law Conference in Barcelona, Spain, in July, Professor David Bilchitz said the under-valuing of animal interests had been a characteristic element of legal developments in South Africa since the advent of democracy. By continuing to ignore the interests of animals, courts and legislators contributed towards the continued blindness of many humans to the value and importance of animals.

Clar e Druce lo o ks b ack ov e r 40 y e ars o f act ivism

F ighting for Felicity F ighting

In 1989, Animal Voice editor Louise van der Merwe saw her first debeaked hen. To her shock and dismay, she soon discovered that debeaking was standard practice in egg farming all over the world.Then came a glimmer of hope... there was an organisation in the UK called Chickens' Lib which, like herself, was opposed to debeaking as well as the entire battery system for laying hens. Louise made contact with Chickens' Lib and its leader, Clare Druce became an inspiration and guide in the years to follow.In a new book titled Chickens' Lib, Clare gives a fascinating account of her struggle over more than 40 years to bring the plight of factory farmed chickens to the attention of the public and the powers that be. Here she talks to Animal Voice ...

A V : Ru t h H arrison's se m ina l b o o k Animal M achines w as pub lish e d in 1964. By 1967, t h e r e w e r e a f e w p ion e e rs st e p p ing in t o t h e unchar t e d t e rri t ory o f f arm e d anima l w e l f ar e . A m ong t h e m in t h e UK w as yourse l f , your m o t h e r V io l e t Sp a ld ing, and P e t e r Ro b e r ts w ho f ound e d Compassion in World F arming. Your b o o k Chickens’ Lib is a f ascina t ing accoun t o f t h e un f o ld ing o f a socia l r e vo lu t ion t ha t is st ill un f o ld ing t o d ay. Lo o king b ack, w ha t w ould you say w as t h e hard est p ar t o f se t t ing f o o t in t o t his unkno w n t e rri t ory?

A V : Th e pho t o gra phs in your b o o k giv e a t ast e o f w ha t you w e r e up against . F or inst ance , t h e pho t o gra ph o f you ho ld ing a cag e o f b a t t e ry chick e ns w hil e b e ing escor t e d ou t o f W ak e f ie ld Ca t h e dra l, sp e aks vo lum es. W as t h e r e e v e r a m o m e n t w h e n you f e ar e d f or your o w n sa f e t y?

C l a r e D r uc e : I t hink i t w as w h e n w e f irst f ound ou t t ha t many p e o p l e w hose jo b i t w as t o upho ld d ece n t st and ards f or “ f o o d” anima ls (our M inist ry o f A gricul t ur e , Environm e n t a l H e a l t h O f f ice rs, e t c.) w e r e d ir ect ly e ngag e d in w hi t e w ashing t h e w ho l e grim sce n e . Tha t w as d e e p ly d iscouraging, and ind ica t e d t ha t t h e r e w as no a p pro pria t e au t hori t y t o w hich t o t urn.

C l a r e D r uc e : W e ce r t ainly ran risks bu t I t hink w h e n on e's m ind is b e n t on f ind ing ou t w ha t's g o ing on b e hind t hose close d d o ors, on e g e ts a li t t l e r eck l ess.

Bu t w e n e v e r und e r t o o k brav e act ivi t ies lik e secr e t f ilm ing. Those act ivists ar e t h e r e a l h e ro es!

C l a r e D r uc e : Yes ind e e d . Th e gr e a t est t hr e a t co m es fro m bro il e r (m e a t-t yp e) chick e ns k e p t by t h e ir t e ns o f t housands in a sing l e sh e d , living on t h e ir o w n f a eces, und e r t e rrib l e st r ess, and w i t h no ho p e o f k e e p ing t h e mse lv es cl e an. Bro il e r sh e ds ar e a r ecip e f or d isast e r. i t's no surprise t ha t t h ese young b irds harb our b act e ria lik e cam pylo b act e r. Bu t i t's no t only f o o d p o isoning t ha t t hr e a t e ns human h e a l t h – t h e an t ib io t ics rou t in e ly giv e n t o many “ f o o d” anima ls hav e con t ribu t e d t o a sce nario d e e p ly f e ar e d by m e d ica l e xp e r ts t h e w orld ov e r: w e ar e f ast a p pro aching a p ost-an t ib io t ic e ra, w h e r e t h e bugs w ill hav e buil t up r esist ance t o m ost or a ll o f t h e drugs w e'v e co m e t o r e ly on.

A V : W ay b ack In 1991 you issu e d a w arning a b ou t t h e d ang e rs o f using an t ib io t ics t o pro p up f arm e d anima ls in a sick indust ry. In Jun e t his y e ar t h e Bri t ish F o o d St and ards A g e ncy launch e d a cam p aign t o st o p p e o p l e w ashing ra w chick e n b e f or e co o king b ecause o f t h e b act e ria t ha t sp la t t e r a ll ov e r t h e ki t ch e n.

h t t p:/ / g o o .g l/ t k F q7E

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F e lici t y - r e a d h e r f ull st ory in Clar e Druce ’s n e w b o o k:

This is a t e rrifying prosp ect . In t h e UK so m e 40% o f a ll an t ib io t ics pro duce d g o t o f arm e d anima ls, and i t's much w orse in t h e USA . In f act t h e g lo b a l t hr e a t fro m an t ib io t ic r esist ance is e x t r e m e , and f act ory f arm ing has p lay e d i ts p ar t in t his.

C l a r e D r uc e : Th e vie w t ha t ch e a p f o o d is g o o d e nough f or l ess w e ll-o f f consum e rs is, a t t h e v e ry l e ast , shor t-sigh t e d . Chick e n m e a t , no w con t ains m or e f a t t han pro t e in. A d d t o t his t h e e nvironm e n t a l im p act o f hug e num b e rs o f anima ls cram m e d t o g e t h e r, t h e e f f ects on t h e h e a l t h o f t h e w ork f orce in t h ese cond i t ions, and t h e st r ess and d ise ase n ecessi t a t ing an t ib io t ic t r e a t m e n t f or t h e anima ls, and t h e only r e asona b l e conclusion is t ha t t o d ay's ch e a p f o o d is a d ang e rous co mm o d i t y. In t e rms o f anima l, human and e nvironm e n t a l h e a l t h, f act ory f arm ing is proving t o b e v e ry e xp e nsiv e ind e e d .

C l a r e D r uc e : It's a g o o d qu est ion, and r e l e van t t o ha p p e nings in t h e UK a t t his m o m e n t , w h e r e 'hist orica l crim es' (such as a ll e ga t ions o f se xua l a buse b ack in t h e 'e igh t ies and b e f or e) ar e much in t h e n e ws. Re t rosp ect iv e arr ests, n e v e r m ind a p o lo gies, ar e ha p p e ning f or crim es co m m i t t e d d eca d es ag o . Bu t f o o d invo lv es just a b ou t e v e ryb o dy – m inist e rs in r e l e van t g ov e rnm e n t d e p ar t m e n ts, various mul t ina t iona ls, f ast f o o d co m p anies, f arm e rs, and consum e rs t h e mse lv es. In t e nsiv e f arm ing m e t ho ds hav e con t am ina t e d so

A V : Earlie r t his y e ar, Compassion in World F arming (SA) ask e d t h e CE O o f t h e Sou t h A frican Poul t ry Indust ry, f or t h e um p t e e n t h t im e , f or a phase ou t o f b a t t e ry cag es f or laying h e ns. Th e CE O , K e vin Lov e ll r e p lie d as f o llo ws: “W h e n m or e consum e rs can a f f ord t o sp e nd m or e on t h e ir f o o d , t h e n m or e consum e rs w ill e x e rcise t h e ir d iscr e t ion t o buy in t e rms o f t h e ir conscie nces ra t h e r t han t h e ir p ock e t .” Pl e ase co mm e n t .

A V : D o you e nvisag e a t im e in t h e f u t ur e w h e n r e t rosp ect iv e a p o lo gies w ill b e d e mand e d fro m our major f o o d sup p lie rs f or t h e ir sup p or t o f an inhuman e f arm ing indust ry? O r is t his just t o o f ar-f e t ch e d?

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much in our liv es, t h e rip p l es in t h e p ond ar e se e m ing ly n e v e r e nd ing.

C l a r e D r uc e : I can only t ak e a cynica l vie w , in any a t t e m p t t o e xp lain t his r e luct ance . H ist orica lly, so many crim es hav e b e e n sw e p t und e r t h e carp e t b ecause t o e xp ose t h e m, w ould d amag e t ra d e . In so m e cases t h e r e luct ance se e m e d conn ect e d w i t h a w ish no t t o bring d o w n p e o p l e in p osi t ions o f p o w e r or r esp ect . W e w e r e o f t e n st ruck by ho w so m e o f t h e m ost squa lid f act ory f arms w e r e run by ind ividua ls or co m p anies o f g o o d st and ing. M ayb e , in t h ese d ays w h e n w e h e ar so much a b ou t t h e n e e d f or 't ransp ar e ncy', t his r e luct ance can b e ov e rco m e . Bu t I susp ect pro gr ess w ill only b e ma d e as a r esul t o f r e l e n t l ess pr essur e fro m cam p aign e rs w orld w id e .

C l a r e D r uc e : I w ould ce r t ainly agr e e w i t h t ha t . It is my b e lie f t ha t t h e human sp ecies w ill n e v e r b e a t p e ace un t il w e st o p lo o king on o t h e rs as if t h e y e xist f or our n e e ds or d esir es. I canno t se e a g o o d f u t ur e f or t h e p lan e t , if w e con t inu e t o e xp lo i t anima ls.

A V : You ar e a st rong pro p on e n t o f cha ll e nging t h e l e ga li t y o f f act ory f arm ing in a cour t o f la w . You w ill r e m e m b e r t ha t w e a t t e m p t e d t o d o just t his in Sou t h A frica in January 1992 w h e n w e laid a f orma l co m p lain t w i t h t h e p o lice t ha t b a t t e ry f arm ing vio la t e d our A nima ls Pro t ect ion Act on t hr e e coun ts: 'ina d e qua t e sp ace', 'maim ing' and 'unn ecessary su f f e ring'. O ur D ir ect or o f Prosecu t ions b ack t h e n, d eclin e d t o prosecu t e . W hy d o you t hink t h e r e's a r e luct ance w orld w id e t o lay crim ina l charg es?

A V : You b e gan f igh t ing t h e o p pr ession o f f arm e d anima ls a t a t im e w h e n t h e w orld w as st ill f igh t ing f or W o m e n's Lib , a t a t im e w h e n t h e Gay Righ ts m ov e m e n t w as in i ts in f ancy, a t a t im e w h e n N e lson M and e la w as st ill incarce ra t e d on Ro b b e n Island and t h e o p pr ession o f b lack p e o p l e w as st ill e n t r e nch e d in Sou t h A frica la w . W ould you agr e e t ha t o p pr ession in w ha t e v e r f orm i t t ak es (slav e ry, se xism, gay-b ashing, racism e t c) is ro o t e d in a m e n t a li t y o f sup e riori t y and e n t i t l e m e n t and t ha t anima ls in t h e w orld t o d ay ar e vict ims o f our m e n t a li t y o f sup e riori t y and e n t i t l e m e n t?

Note f rom Ed: Cla re D r uce's f ascin a t ing boo k w il l become a v i t a l resou rce for h istor i a ns w ish ing to stud y t he e v olu t ion of socia l ch a nge. Ch ic k ens' L ib, t he boo k , is now is a v a i l able f rom K a la h a r i .com in h a rd co v er a t R 3 7 3.0 0 a nd as a n e-boo k for R 9 9 .0 0 .

I t v iola tes SA’s A n im a ls Protect ion A ct on t h ree coun ts:• • •

I n adequ a te sp aceM a imingU n neccesa r y su f fe r ing

f act : F actor y f a r ming is i l lega l.

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SOCIAL JUSTICEDr Karen Davis, President of United Poultry Concerns in the USA, questions corporate morality in employing people for jobs that involve cruelty and violence. She says: “Social justice advocacy groups in the United States have begun to question whether jobs which involve cruelty can be tolerated in a world which, to an ever-increasing extent, demands social justice in the work place.” She adds: “Corporate commitment to a worthwhile life for humans means supporting morally responsible occupations, not cruel and unconscionable ones.”

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Me a t-free Mondays

NOW Free State Agricultural Researcher (Entomologist) Dr Astrid Jankielsohn

2009: Compassion negotiates with Cape Town City Health for the city's endorsement of one meat-free day a week.2012: The City summarily withdraws its support for one meat-free day a week.Dr Pieter Prinsloo, chairman of the Red Meat Producers Organisation in South Africa admitted to Animal Voice editor, Louise van der Merwe, that he had persuaded Mayor Patricia de Lille to rescind the one-meat-free-day-a-week policy.

explains why one meat-free day a week can play a vital role in achieving food security.

Th e gr e a t est cha ll e ng e in agricul t ur e t o d ay is t o e nsur e f o o d securi t y f or a gro w ing human p o pula t ion. It is est ima t e d t ha t w i t h t h e curr e n t gro w t h ra t e t h e human p o pula t ion w ill r e ach 9.2 b illion by 2050. A 70% incr e ase in f o o d

pro duct ion w ill b e n ecessary t o f e e d t his p o pula t ion a d e qua t e ly. Drast ic chang es ar e n e e d e d , f irst ly in our e a t ing ha b i ts and second ly in t h e t yp e and pro duct ion o f f o o d , t o b e a b l e t o manag e t h ese cha ll e ng es successf ully...

... W e w ill hav e t o d e t e rm in e w hich f arm ing pract ices w ill d e liv e r t h e gr e a t est pro duct ion w i t h t h e l e ast im p act on na t ura l r esources and m ov e t o in t e gra t e d syst e ms w h e r e b io lo gica l cycl es ar e co m b in e d w i t h t h e e f f ect iv e use o f e x t e rna l inpu ts t o incr e ase yie ld t hrough im prov e d cro p cul t ivars.

If w e lo o k a t b asic b io lo gica l princip l es w e can g e t an id e a o f w hich syst e ms w ill b e m ost e f f icie n t and sust aina b l e . Primary pro duce rs (p lan ts) co m prise t h e f irst t ro phic l e v e l, f o llo w e d by primary consum e rs (h e rb ivor es) and second ary consum e rs (carnivor es) on t h e high est t ro phic l e v e l. En e rgy is lost fro m on e t ro phic l e v e l t o t h e n e x t and only 10% o f t h e e n e rgy use d in on e l e v e l is availa b l e f or t h e n e x t l e v e l.

F or any syst e m t o r e main eco lo gica lly via b l e t h e b io mass o f organisms w ill hav e t o d ecr e ase fro m on e l e v e l t o t h e n e x t since l ess e n e rgy is availa b l e w h e n m oving up t o high e r t ro phic l e v e ls and t h e r e ar e t h e r e f or e f e w e r h e rb ivor es t han p lan ts and f e w e r carnivor es t han h e rb ivor es in a syst e m. If w e consid e r t h e num b e rs o f t h e t o t a l human p o pula t ion i t mak es no eco lo gica l se nse f or humans t o occupy t h e high est t ro phic l e v e l.

Th e shif t t o chick e n, e ggs and m e a t as f o o d sources is a l ess e f f ect iv e use o f Sou t h A frica's grain co m p ar e d t o d ir ect human consum p t ion. A p proxima t e ly ha l f o f Sou t h A frica's maiz e is use d f or anima l f e e d . O rigina lly ca t t l e graz e d on grassv e ld t ha t w as unsui t a b l e f or cro p pro duct ion. This process conv e r t e d in e d ib l e grass t o usa b l e pro t e in. To d ay 75% o f ca t t l e in Sou t h A frica sp e nd a t hird o f t h e ir liv es in f e e d lo ts w h e r e t h e y ar e f e d grains pro duce d on scarce ara b l e land . N o t only d o es t his pract ice pro duce m e a t w i t h an unh e a l t hy f a t t y acid pro f il e , bu t li t r es o f w a t e r and va lua b l e r esources ar e lost in t h e process.

To pro duce 1kg o f m e a t 2.7kg maiz e is n e e d e d . Th e w a t e r e f f icie ncy o f maiz e is 1.6 kg / m3 (t his m e ans 0.63 kg / m3 is use d t o pro duce 1 kg o f maiz e). To pro duce 2.7 kg o f maiz e 1.69 kg / m3 (1 690l) is t h e r e f or e n e e d e d . Th e t o t a l drinking w a t e r f or a kg f e e d lo t m e a t is 26.75l. A t o t a l o f 1 716.75l w a t e r is t h e r e f or e use d t o pro duce 1kg o f grain f e d b e e f . F e e d lo ts a lso pu t a lo t o f pr essur e on Sou t h A frica's maiz e pro duct ion.

M aiz e is t h e st a p l e d ie t o f t h e majori t y o f t h e Sou t h A frican p o pula t ion and an a f f ord a b l e source o f e n e rgy and pro t e in. Accord ing t o t h e W H O an in t ak e o f 56g pro t e in is su f f icie n t f or a 75kg man. Th e r eco mm e nd a t ion is t ha t our d aily e n e rgy in t ak e should con t ain 10% pro t e in f or our d aily r e quir e m e n t . Le gum es (b e ans, p e as and l e n t ils) con t ain 27% pro t e in, nu ts 13% and grain 12%. Th e pro t e in in a l t e rna t iv e p lan t f o o d sources is t h e r e f or e su f f icie n t f or a human's d aily r e quir e m e n ts. A gr e a t d e a l o f e n e rgy and w a t e r is lost in t h e process o f conv e r t ing p lan t pro t e in t o anima l pro t e in w hil e t h e d ir ect use o f p lan t pro t e in is su f f icie n t f or humans.

To b e a b l e t o pro duce sust aina b l e f o o d t o a gro w ing p o pula t ion in f u t ur e w e w ill hav e t o t ak e t h ese f acts in t o accoun t and a d a p t t o a l t e rna t iv e f arm ing syst e ms.

The idea of meat free Mondays is a good one to help us in the adaptation process to alternative food choices.

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Agricultural Researcher Dr. Astrid Jankielsohn

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I hav e o f t e n consid e r e d just qui t t ing m e a t . Just m e and my t w o f e e t , w a lking a w ay. Bu t t h e r e w as a l w ays t h e kno w ing, in t h e b ackground , t ha t my f o o tst e ps w ould no t so much as mak e an echo . In a w orld w h e r e m e a t is e v e ryw h e r e , and w i t h i t , su f f e ring: incessan t , in e vi t a b l e , insurm oun t a b l e – w ha t chang e could I ho p e t o e f f ect?

Confessions of a Convert

I t hink I hav e a l w ays b e e n a w ar e , through a glass darkly, o f t h e horrors o f f act ory f arm ing. Ye t I'd manag e d t o convince myse l f t ha t 'i t's just a f e w f arms, and t ha t's no t w h e r e my m e a t co m es fro m anyw ay.' Bu t t h e t ru t h is, i t's a lm ost e v e ry f arm, and t ha t is e xact ly w h e r e my m e a t co m es fro m.

A nd t ha t e x t e nds ou t t o m or e so-ca ll e d 'fr e e-rang e' and 'organic' o p e ra t ions t han on e w ould lik e t o b e lie v e , many o f w hich ar e as in t e nsiv e and provid e as li t t l e a se m b lance o f a 'norma l lif e' as t h e ir f act ory coun t e rp ar ts.

W e'v e se e n im prov e d t echno lo gy driv e d o w n prices TVs and m o b il e phon es cost l ess and o f f e r m or e t han e v e r in t h e ir hist ory. Bu t a p p lie d t o m e a t , t his lo gic t ak es on a d if f e r e n t t on e .

In t h e case o f bro il e r chick e ns, f or e xam p l e , 'im prov e d t echno lo gy' m e ans t ha t w e'v e f igur e d ou t ho w t o crip p l e t h e m in no t im e a t a ll by m essing w i t h t h e ir g e n e t ics and d e mand ing

Factory farming is evil in shades of gray.

.

m or e m e a t t han t h e y w e r e e v e r buil t t o carry. W e'v e f igur e d ou t w ha t st rang e , unna t ura l t hings t o f e e d t h e m (inpu t) t o pro duce a t ast e (ou t pu t) consum e rs w an t , e v e n if i t's as d ivorce d fro m t h e ir na tural t ast e as 'st ra w b e rry f lavour' is fro m st ra w b e rries. To us t h e y ar e g lorif ie d machin es, and w e hav e mast e r e d t h e ir inn e r w orkings.

It d id no t origina t e in a can or on a t r e e , bu t w i t hin a living b e ing ca p a b l e o f ro bust ly e njoying lif e's b asic gif ts, o f e la t ion, m e m ories, frie ndships, as w e ll as f e ar, anxie t y, t orm e n t , frust ra t ion and p ain.

Bu t w e st riv e f or ch e a p m e a t , and h e r e m on e y has a d ir ect corr e la t ion w i t h t h e lif e o f t h e anima l. Th e l ess I w an t t o p ay, t h e m or e wr e t ch e d t ha t lif e w ill hav e b e e n. It' sim p l e , lo gica l, ra t iona l. Th e con t inua l d e mand f or ch e a p e r m e a t m e ans an e v e r-w orse ning, e v e r-shor t e ning lif e , pro gr essiv e ly r e m ov e d fro m any

Somewhere along the way we have forgotten that it's not meat we're buying, it's a life.

se m b lance o f 'na t ura l'.

'W h o w il l f e e d t h e m ass e s?' t h e y say, 'h u m a n b e in gs n e e d p r o t e in', w h e n in f act t h e r e is m or e pro t e in in 100g o f b lack b e ans t han 100g o f b e e f m ince .

I t hink sup e rmark e ts can t ak e t h e dub ious cr e d i t f or nud ging m e in t o consciousn ess. If you'v e e v e r ask e d your sup e rmark e t w h e r e t h e m e a t co m es fro m, you w ill kno w w ha t I m e an. Your inquiry w ill b e m e t w i t h a co m b ina t ion o f vagaries and p l e asan t ries, fro m 'source d fro m loca l f arms' (w h e r e 'loca l' is t o t h e ir m inds e rron e ously synonym ous w i t h 'sma ll, f am ily-run') t o 'w h e r e t h e y hav e access t o t h e ou t d o ors' (w hich in many cases m e ans an o p e n d o or w hich t h e y ar e t o o horrib ly crip p l e d t o e v e r g e t ou t o f).

Ivanka Corradi

Ivanka has a Masters in Philosophy from the London School of Economics and works in London as an editor. She regularly visits her family in Cape Town.

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I can g e t a ca lorie con t e n t and nu t ri t iona l br e ak d o w n in a 10 second e ncoun t e r w i t h any pro duct , bu t no t kno w w h e r e i t co m es fro m, e v e n a f t e r e x t e nsiv e d igging.

I am no long e r a fraid t o kno w , e v e n if kno w ing m e ans no t e a t ing m e a t , or having t o e a t i t m or e car e f ully, b e ing a p ain a t d inn e r p ar t ies. I am no t a fraid t o jo in t h e Sisyphe an st rugg l e against t h e cru e l t y t ha t p e rva d es our p lan e t , and our conscious, delibera t e d isavo w a l o f kno w l e d g e t ha t mak es i t p ossib l e . W e ar e , t o quo t e Pink F loyd , comfort ably numb.

Bu t w e ar e no t se l f-t augh t ; sup e rmark e ts hav e g on e t o gr e a t l e ng t hs t o gra dua lly d isloca t e us fro m t his kno w l e d g e , t o bury i t .

Le t us kno w w ha t w e ar e e a t ing – f or b e t t e r or f or w orse . W e'r e no t childr e n, t o b e sp ar e d t h e horror. It is my b asic righ t t o kno w t his in f orma t ion, I am no t asking f or any t hing d if f icul t or st rang e , just t h e m e t ho ds o f pro duct ion and t h e origin o f t h e m e a t prin t e d across i ts p ackaging. If a sup e rmark e t

We need to be conscious consumers.

cho oses t o st ock cru e l t y, t h e n so b e i t , bu t o w n i t . D o no t mak e us p ar t y t o your act ions ou t o f ignorance .

As f or t h e f arm e rs. A t t his st ag e , any f arm e r w ho w e lco m es m e t hrough his or h e r o p e n ga t e , w ill g e t my vo t e .

My vote is for transparency, so that we may make our own decisions in broad daylight.

N o t e fro m Ed: Compassion (SA) has ca ll e d on H e a l t h M inist e r A a r o n M o t so a l e d i t o mak e 'living cond i t ions” a co m pulsory co m p on e n t o f a ll la b e lling o f anima l-d e riv e d pro ducts.

Why is this information so… buried?

A r e y o u a F l e x i t a ri a n? If you ar e , i t m e ans your d ie t cho ice is t o cu t d o w n, ra t h e r t han cu t ou t your m e a t consum p t ion.

Accord ing t o n e w r ese arch fro m D a t a moni t o r Consume r , around on e-t hird o f consum e rs, g lo b a lly, ar e act iv e ly r e ducing t h e ir m e a t in t ak e , and t his is ca ll e d 'f l e xi t arian e a t ing'. Th e k e y f act or driving f l e xi t arianism, accord ing t o t h e r ese arch, is t h e gr e a t e r consum e r a w ar e n ess a b ou t t h e n e ga t iv e h e a l t h im p lica t ions o f ov e rconsum p t ion o f m e a t .

D a t amonitor Consumer pr e d icts t ha t t h e f l e xi t arian m e n t a li t y w ill incr e ase in t h e y e ars ah e a d and 'b eco m e a signif ican t conce rn f or m e a t manu f act ur e rs'.

Se e: h t t p:/ / g o o .g l/ C6a N MZ

New fad is a cause for concern for meat industry

flexitarian

According to Wikipedia: A semi-vegetarian or flexitarian diet is one that is plant-based with the occasional inclusion of meat products. In 2003, the American Dialect Society voted flexitarian as the year's most useful word and defined it as "a vegetarian who occasionally eats meat". In 2012, the term was listed for the first time in the mainstream Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary.

E v e r y 12 Se co n ds Indust ria liz e d Slaugh t e r and t h e Po li t ics o f Sigh t

T im o t h y P achir a t w ork e d f or f iv e m on t hs und e rcov e r in a N e braska ca t t l e a b a t t o ir w hich kills and processes 2,500 co ws p e r d ay – on e anima l e v e ry 12 seconds! H is b o o k raises im p or t an t qu est ions f or anyon e w ho has e v e r w ond e r e d ho w e xact ly a living, se n t ie n t co w is t ransf orm e d in t o t h e st e ak on t h e ir p la t e and e xp lor es ho w t h e massiv e inst i t u t iona liz e d vio l e nce inh e r e n t in t h e process, is ra t iona liz e d and p e rp e t ua t e d .

In an unse n t im e n t a l, a lm ost clinica l narra t iv e , Pachira t guid es t h e r e a d e r t hrough t h e process by w hich e ach anima l is driv e n up t o t h e killing b ox, (usua lly) st unn e d , slung up inv e r t e d by a r e ar l e g, his or h e r t hro a t sli t , b l e d ou t , shock e d and t h e n incr e m e n t a lly d isasse m b l e d t hrough ov e r 150 f ur t h e r lin e ar se qu e n t ia l st e ps. N o p ar t o f t h e b o dy is w ast e d – t h e lo gic o f ca p i t a list e f f icie ncy e nsur es t ha t e v e ry last p iece o f e v e ry anima l is t urn e d t o pro f i t .

Th e d escrip t ion o f t h e processing lin e as i t is e xp e rie nce d by t h e w ork e rs sho ws ho w living co ws b eco m e o b jects o f w ork, sw inging by e v e ry 12 seconds.

Each o f t h e m or e t han 800 e m p loy e es has only a brie f inst an t t o e x ecu t e his r e quir e d f unct ion b e f or e t h e carcass sw ings on t o t h e n e x t st a t ion and is r e p lace d by t h e n e x t , t h e n t h e n e x t , and t h e n t h e n e x t . Th e w ork b eco m es num b ing ly r e p e t i t iv e w i t h w ork e rs r e duce d in m ost cases t o vir t ua l au t o ma t ons, m ind l essly r e p e a t ing t h e sam e f e w cu ts, knif e-st ro k es or o t h e r m e nia l act ivi t ies 2,500 t im es p e r d ay.

O nly in a f e w rar e inst ances d o es Pachira t a d dr ess t h e horror o f w ha t ha p p e ns insid e t h e w ind o w l ess, se a l e d build ing:

The visual confrontation with the head line is shocking: taking in head after head gliding above the kill floor in what seems like an endless succession, one is able to grasp … the sheer, staggering volume of the killing. The disembodied massing of that one small part of the animal, which of all the body parts continues to refer unambiguously to life – the face – offers a haunting image of vast destruction.

D ivision o f w ork, and t h e in t e nse sp ecia lisa t ion o f f unct ion a long t h e pro duct ion lin e , se rv e no t just t o o p t im iz e e f f icie ncy, bu t a lso t o d ise m p o w e r w ork e rs and r e pr ess any m ora l r esist ance t o t h e w ork t h e y m igh t harb our.

Just ho w t his is achie v e d f orms a second major t h e m e in t h e b o o k. Re a d e rs ar e sho w n t ha t t h e d ivision and co m p ar t m e n t a liza t ion o f w ork is so e x t r e m e t ha t i t is no t e v e n cl e ar w ho act ua lly kills e ach anima l– t h e st a t ions a t w hich t h e anima l is st unn e d , t hro a t sli t , b l e d ou t and shock e d ar e a ll physica lly se p ara t e and t yp ica lly ou t o f sigh t o f e ach o t h e r - by d esign. Th e physica l se p ara t ion, f orm ing p ar t o f w ha t Pachira t ca lls t h e ”p o li t ics o f sigh t ”, masks t h e m ora l issu es inh e r e n t in killing on such a massiv e sca l e .

Every 12 Seconds is an im p or t an t w ork, no t only b ecause i t e xp oses so m e o f t h e e x t e nsiv e e xp lo i t a t ion im p ose d on b o t h anima ls and p e o p l e in t h e m e a t indust ry, bu t a lso b ecause i t provid es a fram e w ork f or p ossib ly und e rst and ing o t h e r con t e x ts o f syst e m ic vio l e nce and cru e l t y. Pachira t's e xp lora t ion o f t h e p o li t ics o f sigh t may h e lp us b e t t e r und e rst and t h e d e pravi t y o f A p ar t h e id , t h e H o locaust , e t hnic cl e ansing and g e nocid e .

This b o o k is a t hough t-provo king and r eco mm e nd e d r e a d f or anyon e in t e r est e d in ho w our m o d e rn socie t ies conce a l, ra t iona liz e and p e rp e t ua t e vio l e nce and cru e l t y.

The following extract from The Dreaded Comparison – Human and Animal Slavery by Marjorie Spiegel, has relevance to Pachirat's research on the role of 'visual confrontation' in our reaction to cruelty and violence:

“Segregation was another apparatus by which a complex and disturbing social reality (racism) was concealed from members of (white) society... segregation served to forestall 'unpleasant' awakenings into the gross disparities between the economic and educational situation and opportunities of the two races... Secrecy and distancing are also used to protect the very profitable institutionalised cruelty to animals as it exists today. Vivisection laboratories and other facilities are notoriously difficult to enter... Likewise the public are not generally admitted to the windowless 'factory farm' buildings... All this secrecy is necessary to keep the system intact.”

Ton y Ger r a ns re v iews.. .

by Timothy Pachira t

Pub lish e d by Ya l e Univ e rsi t y Pr essAvaila b l e: A m a z o n .co m

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