EC 316: MICROPROCESSOR LAB PROJECT

NETAJI SUBHAS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

ANIMAL TRACKER This 8085-based project can be used in barns to keep a track of animals inside it. Its basically designed for the farmers so that,if any animal goes out of the barn then the authorized person can easily get to know because of the alarm which will start ringing.

Submitted by-

Kartik Kumar: 77/EC/13

Praveen Ranjan Pandey: 124/EC/13

INTRODUCTION

In this particular project we have designed a hardware that will take care of animals that are kept in a

particular area by the farmers in villages. This has been implemented by having a counter at the entry

gates of the barn which will increment at every time an animal goes in. After all animals have entered

in the barn, the count will be stored and accordingly if at any instant of time , the counter gets

decremented, then alarm would start ringing or basically in respect to our project a buzzer would start

beeping. In this way the farmer or the authorized person would get to know and would take the

required action accordingly so that the animal doesn’t go out of his range.

PROJECT DESCRIPTION

The animal tracker is a device which can be used in barns to facilitate the farmer to not to look

constantly in the Barn and count animals ,rather just having a buzzer with him and listening to it that

when it beeps because it will give the symbol that an animal has gone out.

When an animal enters the door, the counter adds one to the total tally. When an animal leaves, it

subtracts one and causes the buzzer to beep.

The device made on Intel 8085 microprocessor platform majorly consists of three parts:

1. The counter: Two lasers and LDRs (light dependent resistors) are used for the entry and

exit detection. Every time there is an entry counter increments by one and for exit it

decrements by one. LDR, also known as photo- resistor is a light controlled variable

resistor. Its resistance decreases with increasing incident light intensity (given through

laser in the project). So every time an obstruction occurs (an animal crossing the gate) in

the path of laser light reaching the LDR, an ORed signal/ interrupt of both the LDRs is sent

to the interrupt RST6.5, implying an entry or exit has occurred in/out of the shop. Whether

it is an entry or an exit is determined by the code logic (the individual signals of both LDRs

are also sent to the port B of IC 8255).

2. Display mode: This part consists of viewing the count at every entry and storing it in

memory at a particular address and according if it is getting decremented at any instant

then making the buzzer beep for a long time.

BOARD LAYOUT

Schematic

Board file

The soldered board with all the components

The board with all the setup:

With all the set up:

FLOW CHARTS

Interrupts flow chart:

INTERRUPT RST 7.5

INCREMENT

REGISTER E

RETURN

INTERRUPT RST 5.5

SET FLAG

RETURN

INTERRUPT RST 6.5

READ PB

B1 IS SET

PROCESS B1 TO B0

READ PB

READ PB

PROCESS B0 TO B1

RETURN

DELAY

COUNTER = 0

B0?

B0? B1? YES YES

YES

NO

NO

NO

YES

NO

DELAY

COUNTER 0 =

NO

YES

DECREMENT

INCREMENT COUNT

START

INITIALISE LCD

ENABLE INTERRUPTS

COMPARE REGISTER E

1 SECOND

ELAPSED

DISPLAY

CHECK FOR 1 MIN

1 MIN

ELAPSED

DISPLAY

1 HR

ELAPSED

DISPLAY

YES

YES

YES

NO

NO

NO

MAIN PROGRAM .ORG 0000H

LXI SP,0000H

LXI B,0000H

MVI A,090H ;8255 INITIALISATION

0004 0005 D3 03 OUT 003H

0005 0007 3E 30 INIT:MVI A,030H

0006 0009 47 MOV B,A

0007 000A CD 80 00 CALL OUTPUT

0008 000D CD 7C 00 CALL CMDOUT

0009 0010 CD 7C 00 CALL CMDOUT

0010 0013 3E 38 MVI A,038H ;8 BIT, 2 LINES, 5X8 DISP

0011 0015 CD 7C 00 CALL CMDOUT

0012 0018 3E 08 MVI A,008H ;DISPLAY OFF

0013 001A CD 7C 00 CALL CMDOUT

0014 001D 3E 01 MVI A,001H ;CLEAR DISPLAY

0015 001F CD 7C 00 CALL CMDOUT

0016 0022 3E 06 MVI A,006H ;ENTRY MODE SET, SHIFT AND INCREMENT CURSOR

0017 0024 CD 7C 00 CALL CMDOUT

0018 0027 3E 0C MVI A,00CH ;DISPLAY ON CURSOR, BLINKING OFF

0019 0029 CD 7C 00 CALL CMDOUT

START:IN 002H ; PORT C DATA IN

ANI 0C0H ; MASKING ALL BITS EXCEPT D6 AND D7

CPI 000H ; CHECK IF CHANGE HAS OCCURED

JC CHANGE ;VALUE>00H MEANS CHANGE HAS OCCURED

JMP START

CHANGE:ORA A ; RESETTING FLAG

CPI 040H; LASER 1 IS HIGH

JZ ENTER;

JMP LEAVE

ENTER:IN 002H;

ANI 0C0H; MASKING ALL BITS EXCEPT D6 AND D7

ORA A; RESETTING FLAGS

CPI 080H ;CHECK IF LASER 2 IS ACTIVE

JNZ ENTER

JMP INC

LEAVE:IN 002H

ANI 0C0H; MASKING ALL BITS EXCEPT D6 AND D7

ORA A; MASKING ALL BITS EXCEPT D6 AND D7

CPI 040H ; TO CHECK LASER 1 IS ACTIVE

JNZ LEAVE

JMP DECR

INC: INR B

MOV A,B

OUT 001 H

CALL DTAOUT

N1: IN 002 H

CPI 000H

ANI 0C0H

JZ START

JMP N1

DECR: DCR B

MOV A,B

OUT 001 H

CALL DTAOUT

MVI A,010H

OUT 000H

CALL DELAY

MVI A,000H

OUT 000H

N2: IN 002H

CPI 000H

JZ START

JMP N2

DELAY: MVI D,0FFH

N3: DCR D

JNZ N3

CMDOUT: MOV B,A ;SAVE

0054 007D CD 91 00 CALL CHK

0055 0080 3E 81 OUTPUT: MVI A,081H;RS=0,RW=0,EN=1

0056 0082 D3 02 OUT 002H

0057 0084 C9 RET

0058 0085 47 DTAOUT: MOV B,A ;SAVE DATA BYTE

0059 0086 CD 91 00 CALL CHK

0060 0089 3E 03 MVI A,003H;RW=0,RS=1,E=1

0061 008B D3 02 OUT 002H

0062 008D 78 MOV A,B;RESTORE

0063 008E D3 01 OUT 001H

0064 0090 C9 RET

0065 0091 3E 92 CHK: MVI A,092H;SET B AS INPUT PORT

0066 0093 D3 03 OUT 003H

0067 0095 3E 85 READ: MVI A,085H;RS=0,RW=1,EN=1;ENABLE HIGH

0068 0097 D3 02 OUT 002H

0069 0099 DB 01 IN 001H;CHECK D7

0070 009B 07 RLC;CARRY

0071 009C 3E 84 MVI A,084H;RS=0,RW=1,EN=LOW

0072 009E D3 02 OUT 002H

0073 00A0 DA 95 00 JC READ ;LOOP TILL BUSY

0074 00A3 3E 81 MVI A,081H;RS=0,RW=0,EN=HIGH

0075 00A5 3E 90 MVI A,090H ;SET B AS OUTPUT

0076 00A7 D3 03 OUT 003H

0077 00A9 78 MOV A,B

0078 00AA D3 01 OUT 001H

0079 00AC C9 RET

.END

TESTING

1. SID- SOD test: As the switch at SID pin is pushed, LED at the SOD pin of 8085 should light

up.

When this did not work, we checked the code first of all. It was found to be correct. Next

we checked the polarity of the LED we had used. This also seemed to be a dead end as it

was soldered properly. We then noticed that the ROM had been placed in the inverted

position causing it to heat up and causing the failure of our program. We immediately

replaced the ROM and checked all the other IC’s after consulting with Gadre Sir and

found two pins to be floating with the address latch, this was attended to ASAP.

2. After the SID SOD LED’s were working we realized that the intensity wasn’t enough we immediately desoldered the resistances and replaced them with those of lower value.

3. The LCD was tested by writing a code which displays HELLO 8085. The test was initially unsuccessful. After replacing nearly every IC on the board, and testing around 4-5 different LCD codes, we realized that the folly was in our designing of the schematic. We were not able to change the contrast of the LCD and that was where we realized that we put the LCD pins on the schematic in inverting position.Then finally it worked.

4. Then we tried to run the code for the program but the buzzer did not seem to work at all.

We consulted Omkar to identify any errors in the code but there were none. We checked

the buzzer voltage with the multimeter and found out that the buzzer was not getting

ample amount of current. So we changed the resistance placed along with it, after this

the buzzer worked for a second or so there was a very high pitch noise then it stopped.

On our consultation with Omkar again we found that the buzzer was no more, we

shorted the resistance and replaced the buzzer and the same happened again.

5. At this point of time we were out of buzzers and could not do anything about it. Slight

changes in our code were made so that at least the proper functioning hardware can be

presented along with the name of our project being displayed over the LCD. However, the

logic even when being implemented in the code could only be verified if there was a

proper functioning buzzer.

FUTURE SCOPE OF IMPROVEMENT

We completed 70-80% of the project. The part which we could not complete dealt with the

buzzer. Also, our intention of implementing the counter via the code and the alarm on the counter

decrement could not be verified because of the faulty buzzer.

CONCLUSION

We concluded that with hard work and patience and dedication, a lot of things can be

achieved. It was for the second time that Professor D.V Gadre gave us the feeling of being

Electronics Engineer not just bookworms and that it can be challengingly interesting. Errors

open up new horizons of thought and also give us knowledge of various other devices

(oscilloscope, multimeter, etc.) used for checking and correcting them.

Problem solving capability also increases.

BLIOGRAPHY

1. Microprocessor architecture, programming, and application

with the 8085 by Ramesh Gaonkar

2. Datasheets www.nxp.com/documents/data_sheet/HEF4060B.pdf www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/ne555.pdf www.alldatasheet.com/datasheet-pdf/pdf/66100/INTEL/8255A.htmlwww.alldatasheet.com/datasheet-pdf/pdf/92530/INTEL/8085AH.htmlwww.nxp.com/documents/data_sheet/74HC_HCT573.pdf www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/sn74ls04.pdwww.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/sn74ls32.pdfwww.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/lm158-n.pdwww.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/sn74ls138.pdf https://www.sparkfun.com/datasheets/LCD/ADM1602K-NSW-FBS-3.3v.pdfwww.agspecinfo.com/pdfs/J/JHD12864.PDF