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ANIMAL KINGDOM
Characteristics of all Animals
• They are made of cells, which form tissues, which form organs which form organ systems.
• They obtain food by eating other organisms (herbivores, carnivores or omnivores).
• Most animals reproduce sexually but some can reproduce asexually.
• All animals move in order to satisfy 1 of their basic needs (food, water, shelter, escaping danger)
Types of food eaters
Carnivore - meat eater (either a predator - prey relationship or a scavenger)
Herbivore - plant eater
Omnivore - eats plants and meat
Division of animals
Animals have bilateral symmetry (1 line that can divide the animal into 2 identical parts)
or radial symmetry ( many lines that can divide the animal into equal parts).
Sub Kingdom: Invertebrates• Phyla Include:
• Sponges
• Cnidarians
• Worms
Phylum - Sponge
• Simplest form of animal
• No tissues or organs
• heterotrophic & cells that have specialized jobs
• Bodies pierced all over with openings called pores
How do Sponges eat &
breathe?• Collar cells on the
inside of central cavity trap bacteria & protists & digest them.
• Sponges get O2 by diffusion.
• Soft bodies have network of spikes.• Made of tough material, but food for some
types of fish.• Can reproduce asexually (budding) and
sexually. Fertilized eggs go through a larvae stage.
Phylum - Cnidarians• Carnivores use stinging cells to capture
prey & defend selves.
• Specialized tissues - no organs.
• Radial symmetry
Phylum - Cnidarians 2 body types: polyp (like a vase with a mouth opening at the top) and medusa (bowl shaped).
Digestion• Capture prey using stinging cells to inject
venom - paralyzes prey
• Pull prey into mouth, digest in body cavity digestive system: 1 opening - expel food from mouths also.
Reproduction• asexually by budding &
sexually.
• Some have both sexes within 1 individual others in separate individuals.
• Examples include jellyfish, sea anemones and coral.
Worms - 3 phyla
• Flatworms (Platyhelminthes)
• Roundworms (Nematoda)
• Segmented worms (Annelida)
All Worms…
• Have tissues, organs and organ systems.
• Have bilateral symmetry.
• Have a brain.
• Reproduce both sexually and asexually.
• Can replace parts by a process called regeneration.
Flatworms
• Parasites (food from their host (ex. tapeworms).
• Those that are not parasites are scavengers (feed off the remains of dead organisms)
• Feed by inserting a tube into food which secretes chemicals to break down the food. They then suck it through the tube.
Roundworms
• Live in moist environments.
• Some are herbivores, some carnivores, some parasites (worms that dogs and cats get are parasites).
• The digestive system is 1 long tube where food goes in 1 end and waste exits at the other end.
Segmented Worms• Have linked sections called
segments. • Some scavengers
(earthworm) • Some parasites (leeches).• Closed circulatory system
(blood moves through system via vessels).
• Nerve cords and digestive tube run through their bodies.