Animal Farm

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Animal FarmBy George OrwellFocus ActivityWhy do you think revolutions occur? What circumstances would lead people to overthrow the daily political and economical structure of their lives?Look at this example, and then discuss these questions in your group.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lnPR90dJ3Gk(How FaceBook Changed The World The Arab Spring [1/4])YOU HAVE FIVE MINUTESBackgroundMany of the ideals behind the Soviet revolution were based on the writings and teachings of Karl Marx.

A German intellectual who lived in the mid-1800s, Marx believed that societies are divided into two segments, a working class and an owner class.

The working class creates all the products, while the owner class enjoys all the benefits of these products.

This class division leads to inequality and oppression of the working class.

BackgroundMarxs objective was to create a classless society in which the work is shared by all for the benefit of all, and he believed revolution was the way to achieve this goal.

This was called Communism.

The character of Old Major in Animal Farm is sometimes interpreted as a representation of Karl Marx. Majors speech in the novels opening chapter reflects many Marxist ideas, from the opening Comrades, a typical form of address in the former Soviet Union, to the revolutionary song he teaches the other animals.

Animal FarmWe will now read Chapter 1.

Consider your discussion on revolutions and Marxs idea for a classless society as we read.Animal Farm as an AllegoryAn allegory is a narrative that can be read on more than one level. Critics often consider Animal Farm to be an allegory of the Russian Revolution.

In the early 1900s, Russias Czar Nicholas II faced an increasingly discontented populace. Many Russian peasants were struggling to survive under an oppressive government.

Animal Farm as an AllegoryMany Russian peasants were struggling to survive under an oppressive government.By 1917, amidst the tremendous suffering of World War I, a revolution began. In two major battles, the Czars government was overthrown and replaced by the Bolshevik leadership of Vladmir Lenin.

When Lenin died in 1924, his former colleagues Leon Trotsky, hero of the early Revolution, and Joseph Stalin, head of the Communist Party, struggled for power.

Stalin won the battle, and he deported Trotsky into permanent exile.Animal Farm as an Allegory

Animal Farm as an AllegoryOnce in power, Stalin began move the Soviet Union into the modern industrial age. His government seized land in order to create collective farms. To counter resistance, as many peasants refused to give up their land, Stalin used vicious military tactics. Rigged trials led to executions of an estimated 20 million government officials and ordinary citizens. The government controlled the flow and content of information to the people, and all but outlawed churches.

Chapter 1Discuss in pairs and answer these questions in your jotters:What is significant about how the animals arrange themselves as they gather to hear Major? What might this arrangement say about future meetings or events?

According to Major, what is the cause of all the animals' problems?

What motto does Major give the animals?

What are the commandments Major gives the animals? Can you think of ways each of them could be considered a vice?

Why do the animals like the song "Beasts of England" so much that they memorise it on the spot? To what emotions and needs does it appeal?We are now going to read Chapter 2.

Consider what you know about Trotsky and Stalin as we read.

Animal FarmChapter 2Answer these questions in your jotters:

How have the pigs elaborated Old Majors teachings into a complete system of thought? What differences are there between the Seven Commandments and what Major tells the animals not to do?Do you think the questions asked by the animals in the education classes are foolish?Why do you think Orwell chooses to call Boxer and Clover the pigs most faithful disciples?Why does the Rebellion happen? Does this tell us anything about the influence of Animalism on the animals?Why do you think Orwell has Snowball make mistakes in his writing?Active ReadingThe major characters in Animal Farm are introduced in the first four chapters.

As you read, think about the purpose of each of each of Orwells characters.

Animal Farm as a FableA fable is a narration intended to enforce a useful truth.

Fables have two important characteristics.

First, they teach a moral or lesson. In Animal Farm, the moral involves Orwells views about Soviet politics.

Second, the characters are most frequently animals. These animal characters often function as a satiric device to point out the follies of humankind. Fables The Tortoise and the Harehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pjokVI0LJzw

(The Hare And The Tortoise - Aesop's fables)Though Old Major, Snowball, and Napoleon may represent Karl Marx, Leon Trotsky, and Joseph Stalin, many of the story characters are much more general.

Some animals are grouped together as a single characterthe sheep, the hens, and the dogs.

Orwell also capitalizes on the traits generally associated with particular animals, such as sheep as followers and dogs as loyal.

Animal Farm as a FableAnimal FarmWe are now going to read Chapter 3.

Consider the characters of Napoleon and Snowball as we read, and how their relationship develops.Chapter 3Answer these questions in your jotters:

What difficulties did the animals have in gathering in the harvest and how did they overcome these difficulties? Is all going well?What does the behaviour of Mollie, the cat and Benjamin tell us about their attitudes to the rebellion?Why do you think Snowballs various projects, except reading and writing classes, were failures?What degrees of success do the different animals have in learning to read and write? What does this tell us about their characters?What kind of people do you think the sheep represent?Chapter 4We are now going to read Chapter 4.

Consider the main characters and their characteristics as we read what role have they played in the novel so far.

Chapter 4Answer these questions in your jotters:

What are the differences between the characters of Frederick and Pilkington and between the farms they run?How does Orwell indicate that Frederick and Pilkington are thoroughly frightened by the events on Animal Farm?What was Napoleon doing during the Battle of the Cowshed?What do you think Orwell was satirising (making fun of) when he described how the animals celebrated their victory?Chapters 1-4Make a chart in your jotter, noting details that describe each character or by listing key actions.

E.g.

CharacterCharacteristics / Actions / PurposeOld MajorGets the revolution started; inspires hope for a real change.Animal Farm Chapters 1-4Personal Response

In your jotter, write down responses to the following questions:

What is your reaction to the animals revolution?

Do you sympathise with the animals complaints and goals? Why and why not?

YOU HAVE FIVE MINUTESChapters 1-4Analysing Literature Recall and Interpret

Describe how the Rebellion takes place. How does the animals behavior during the Rebellion suggest both human and animal characteristics?

How do the pigs gain the rights to the cows milk? Why do the other animals allow this to occur? What does this event suggest about the power hierarchy on the farm?

How does the original vision of Animalism become the slogan Four legs bad, two legs good? In your opinion, do the animals want rules with simple language? What kind of language do the pigs use?Chapters 1-4Analysing Literature Evaluate and Connect

What technique does Orwell use to cast doubt on the likelihood of a successful revolution?

Characterize Snowball as a leader. Do you think his reaction to the stable-boys death is the appropriate reaction to have during a revolution?Focus ActivityHow would you feel if the rules for correct behaviour kept changing?

In your groups, discuss some methods people have for persuading others to follow particular rules of behaviour.

Consider ways in which this persuasion relies on bias and manipulation of information.Animal Farm by George OrwellLesson Objectives:Look at the theme of Propaganda and CommunicationStudy the character of Squealer and his rolePropaganda and CommunicationWhat is PROPAGANDA?

Information, ideas, or rumours deliberately spread widely to help or harm a person, group, movement, institution, nation, etc.In your groups discuss the following questions:

What do you think of Squealer?

What does his name suggest?

Why is his propaganda so powerful?Animal Farm Propaganda and Communication/ Appearance vs. RealityAnimal Farm Propaganda and Communication/ Appearance vs. Reality

Animal Farm Propaganda and Communication/ Appearance vs. Reality



Animal Farm Propaganda and Communication/ Appearance vs. Realityhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TJUkfExXqpU(North Korea propaganda)

Propaganda still exists today, despite the public being more informed than ever.Key Techniques Used in PropagandaCopy these down in your jotters.

Bandwagon implying that by not acting in the desired way, you will be different from everyone else.

Stereotyping and Name-Calling making general statements about enemies, undermining them.

Assertation statements presented as fact (think about Napoleons smearing of Snowball).

Key Techniques Used in PropagandaEmotive Language often plays on ideas of bravery, duty, pride, etc.

Powerful imagery idealised images, designed to attract and persuade people of a certain campaign or way of thinking (e.g. Stalins presentation of Russia as vast, powerful and full of happy people; himself as the father of the country).

Chapter 5We will now read Chapter 5.

Consider the role of the pigs and their position in the farm as we read.Chapter 5Answer these questions in your jotter:

Why does Mollie leave? How does Orwell prepared us for this development? You need to remind yourself of what she does in earlier chapters.

Orwell says It had come to be accepted that the pigsshould decide all questions. How does this happen?

How does Orwell make us aware of the importance of the sheeps Four legs good, two legs bad slogan?

Orwell says that Squealers argument was unanswerable. Do you think it was?Chapter 6 - IronyWhat is irony?

Ironic statements are statements that imply a meaning in opposition to their literal meaning.

Chapter 6 - Irony

Chapter 6 - Ironyhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FYq2d7iKKhk(Irony WhatYouOughtToKnow)Chapter 6What word, in the second paragraph, is used by Orwell in a heavily ironic way, to show that Napoleon is becoming more dictatorial?

What advantages are there for the animals in running their own farm?

In what way is Snowball so useful to Napoleon, even though he has been expelled from the farm?

How does Orwell show that to be literate is not enough, if you cannot understand the significance of what you have read?

Why do you think that Benjamin refuses to grow enthusiastic about the windmill?Chapter 7We will now read Chapter 7.

As we do, think about the methods Squealer uses to confuse the animals, and if governments today give people the truth about what is happening.Chapter 7Answer the questions in your jotters:

Who does Orwell suggets is responsible for spreading the idea that Snowball visits the farm at night?

What makes some of the animals confess to crimes when they know they will be executed? Why does Napoleon want them to confess?

Re-read the paragraph beginning The animals huddled about Clover. Why do you think Orwell chooses to include it and place it in this particular position in the chapter?

Why do the words of the new anthem not come up to Beasts of England?Chapters 5-7Orwells characters and narrator use language to communicate hidden agendas. Sometimes Orwell hints that language should be carefully questioned, other times its up to the reader to notice.

Look back over chapters 5-7, and complete a chart in your jotter by filling in some examples of manipulative communication.

Write down the quotation from the text, and then what it really means you should have at least five or six examples.The WordsWhat They Really MeanIn future all questions relating to the working of the farm would be settled by a special committee of pigs presided over by himself.Napoleon is going to make all the decisions from now on.Chapter 8We will now read Chapter 8.

As we read, think about the incidents which indicate Naopleons increasing dominance does Orwell want us to sympathise with him?Chapter 8Answer the questions in your jotters:

Look at the language used in the Minimus poem about Napoleon. What similarities can we see between this and the language of hymns? Why would Orwell do this?

How does Orwell show the effect the whisky has on the pigs? Are we meant to find this amusing?

Which words or phrases of the last two paragraphs do you think are ironic? Why?How Great Thou Art Lord my God! When I in awesome wonderConsider all the works thy hand hath made,I see the stars, I hear the mighty thunder,Thy power throughout the universe displayed;Then sings my soul, my Saviour God, to Thee,How great Thou art, how great Thou art!Then sings my soul, my Saviour God, to Thee,How great Thou art, how great Thou art!When through the woods and forest glades I wanderand hear the birds sing sweetly in the trees;when I look down from lofty mountain grandeur,and hear the brook, and feel he gentle breeze;And when I think that God his son not sparing,Sent him to die - I scarce can take it in,That on the cross my burden gladly bearing,He bled and died to take away my sin:Chapter 9What items do the pigs trade for with the humans? What differences are there between these and the items they traded for in earlier chapters?

Why does Orwell use the word spontaneous to describe the weekly demonstration? What is the purpose of all the ceremonies held on the farm?

Why do the other pigs not complain that Napoleon allows himself four times as much beer per day as they are allowed?

What is different about Benjamins behaviour in this chapter?Chapter 10We will now read Chapter 10.

We see the animals compare the pigs and the men. Think about whether they understand the significance of what they have seen.Chapter 10What do you think those animals who dimly remember the rebellion would pass on to the younger animals about it?

Orwell uses the phrase unalterable way of life to express Benjamins ideas. What does Benjamin (and Orwell) mean? Why do you think Orwell chooses the word unalterable?

Re-read the paragraph beginning And yet the animals never gave up hope. What does it tell us of the animals feelings? In what way is the ending ironic?

What point is Orwell making when he has Pilkington compare your lower animals with our lower classes.Chapters 8-10As Napoleon takes over leadership of the farm, a new social and political structure emerges. This restructuring leads to many changes in power and privilege among the animals.Compare the living conditions of the pigs with the living conditions of the other animals.

Under Napoleons Leadership Life for the Pigs Life for Other Animals pigs live in farmhouse Work longer hoursNapoleon is waited on Receive less food

Chapters 8-10Personal Response

In your groups discuss the following:

What is your reaction to the novels ending? For example, do you find it uplifting, depressing, cynical? Explain.

Analysing LiteratureRecall and Interpret What dealings does Napoleon have with Frederick and Pilkington? How does the battle over the windmill affect the animals? What events from Soviet history is Orwell highlighting?

What happens to Boxer and how do the other animals learn of his fate? How do they come to a final conclusion about these events?

What changes are made to the Fifth and Sixth Commandments? How is the entire list of Commandments ultimately refashioned? What point is Orwell making about the role of communication in Soviet society?

Evaluate and Connect

In Chapter 10 the pigs begin to walk on two legs. In your opinion is this evolution a sign of progress? Explain.

Some critics believe that, at the end of the book, Orwell suggests that the pigs and human political leaders are interchangeable. Do you think most government rulers are interchangeable? How might power change those who have it? Explain.

Analysing LiteratureAnimal FarmPersonal Response

Animal Farm contains many extremely effective scenes. Some are humorous or witty, others are bitterly ironic or pessimistic. Which scene did you find most memorable and effective? Why?

Animal Farm by George OrwellLesson Objectives:Beginning to look at the main themes of the novel Analysing the text for examples of the themesRecap the historical contextAnimal Farm Main ThemesGreed

Leaders and Followers

Betrayal

Animal Farm Main ThemesPropaganda and Communicationand Appearance and Reality

Animal Farm as an AllegoryAn allegory is a narrative that can be read on more than one level. Critics often consider Animal Farm to be an allegory of the Russian Revolution.

In the early 1900s, Russias Czar Nicholas II faced an increasingly discontented populace. Many Russian peasants were struggling to survive under an oppressive government.

Animal Farm as an AllegoryMany Russian peasants were struggling to survive under an oppressive government.By 1917, amidst the tremendous suffering of World War I, a revolution began. In two major battles, the Czars government was overthrown and replaced by the Bolshevik leadership of Vladmir Lenin.

When Lenin died in 1924, his former colleagues Leon Trotsky, hero of the early Revolution, and Joseph Stalin, head of the Communist Party, struggled for power.

Stalin won the battle, and he deported Trotsky into permanent exile.Animal Farm as an Allegory

Animal Farm as an AllegoryOnce in power, Stalin began move the Soviet Union into the modern industrial age. His government seized land in order to create collective farms. To counter resistance, as many peasants refused to give up their land, Stalin used vicious military tactics. Rigged trials led to executions of an estimated 20 million government officials and ordinary citizens. The government controlled the flow and content of information to the people, and all but outlawed churches.

Animal Farm Main ThemesWhat examples from the text can you think of for each of the main themes?

Discuss in your groups and note down on the paper on your table.

GreedLeaders and FollowersBetrayalPropaganda and CommunicationAppearance and Reality

Animal Farm by George OrwellLesson Objectives:Looking at the theme of GREEDAnalysing examples of this theme in the text

Animal Farm - GreedAnalysing a text literally involves separating a text into sections, so as to make sense of the whole.

Elements to consider are:- language- plot- characterisation- setting- patterns/symbols

Animal Farm - GreedTake an Examples worksheetWe will analyse the first together Old Majors speechNow work in pairs to analyse the other examples, including:- The greed of the pigs, replacing humans- The sale of BoxerAnimal Farm - GreedTheme Example Analysis

GreedOld Majors - Focuses on the greed of ManSpeech-Man serves the interest of no other creature but himself- Compares man and animals, and highlights that man does not contribute as animals do: He does not lay eggs, he is too weak to pull the plough- Calls man lord of all animals, but emphasises the tyranny of human beings has connotations of tyrant, someone who seeks to gain advantage only for themselves, not for their people- Uses violent imagery to describe the way Man will dispose of the animals once they are of no use to them, e.g. Boxer will be sold to the knacker, who will cut your throat and boil you down for the foxhounds, and the dogs when they grow old and toothless, Jones ties a brick round their necks and drowns them in the nearest pond.Animal Farm by George OrwellLesson Objectives:Review responses for the analysis of GREEDLook at the theme of LEADERS AND FOLLOWERSAnalysing examples and characters from the text

Animal Farm Leaders and FollowersTake an Examples worksheetWe will analyse the first together Snowball vs. Napoleon

Animal Farm Leaders and FollowersThemeLeaders and FollowersExampleNapoleon vs. SnowballAnalysisNapoleon is interested in his own power, Snowball is dedicated to the ideals of Animal FarmBoth accept the superiority of the pigs above the other animals Snowballs reliance on his intelligence and rhetoric is no match for the brute force Napoleon showsConnotations of names Napoleon, the French leader who betrayed democratic principals after he came to power; Snowball, suggests something purer

Animal Farm Leaders and FollowersNow work in pairs to analyse the other examples, including:- Napoleon and his rule over the other animalsTIP (think about his dogs; how often he appears; the way he uses propaganda, the effect these create)- The followers Boxer, the sheep, etc.TIP (think about Boxers mantra, the sheeps chorus, the faith the animals show in Napoleon, the effect these create)

Animal Farm Propaganda and Communication/ Appearance vs. RealityTake an Examples worksheetNow work in pairs to analyse - Squealers propagandaTIP (what effect does his propaganda have? What techniques does he use, e.g. opinion as fact?)- Snowballs sabotage of the farm TIP (why does Napoleon tell the animals this? How does it make him more powerful?)Animal Farm by George OrwellLesson Objectives:Complete our analysis on Propaganda and Communication in the novel, and review the responsesWork in pairs to create your own Propaganda leaflet for the pigs

Animal Farm Propaganda and CommunicationTake an Examples worksheetNow work in pairs to analyse - Squealers propagandaTIP (what effect does his propaganda have? What techniques does he use, e.g. assertation, bandwagon?)- Snowballs sabotage of the farm TIP (why does Napoleon tell the animals this? How does it make him more powerful?)

REMEMBER TO DESCRIBE WHICH PROPAGANDA TECHNIQUES ARE USEDAnimal Farm Propaganda and CommunicationWork in pairs to design a PROPAGANDA leaflet for the pigs of Animal FarmRemember to use similar language and persuasive propaganda techniques, as used by Squealer in the novelTake note of the IMAGERY used in Stalinist propaganda posters for inspiration The leaflet should have ONE main image, and TWO paragraphsAnimal Farm Propaganda and Communication/ Appearance vs. Reality

Animal Farm by George OrwellLesson Objectives:Complete our propaganda leafletsLook at the theme of BETRAYAL in the novel and analyse examples of thisWork in pairs to design a PROPAGANDA leaflet for the pigs of Animal FarmRemember to use similar language and persuasive techniques, as used by Squealer in the novelTake note of the IMAGERY used in Stalinist propaganda posters for inspiration The leaflet should have ONE main image, and TWO paragraphs

Animal Farm - BetrayalWhich characters are betrayed in the novel?

In what ways do they set themselves up to be betrayed?

What effect do these betrayals have? How do we feel about those who betray them?

Animal Farm - BetrayalTake an Examples worksheetNow work in pairs to analyse

- Old Majors Speech(TIP: Think about what Old Major intended for the farm, and what happened instead; the 7 commandments, how they change)- Boxer(TIP: Think about how Boxer contributes to the farm; his wishes for retirement; what he is sold for)Animal Farm by George OrwellLesson ObjectivesLooking at key quotations from the novelAnalysing these quotations with reference to their context and meaning

Animal Farm - QuotationsLook back at the very first Examples worksheet we completed

What quotations from the novel do you remember?

Why do you think these quotations are important?

ExampleThe descriptions of the slaughters

Immediately the dogs bounded forward, seized four of the pigs by the ear and dragged them, squealing with pain and terror, to Napoleons feet.

When they had finished their confessions the dogs promptly tore their throats out, and in a terrible voice Napoleon demanded whether any other animal had anything to confess.

And so the tale of executions went on, until there was a pile of corpses lying before Napoleons feet and the air was heavy with the smell of blood, which had been unknown there since the expulsion of Jones.

Animal Farm - QuotationsTake a Quotations worksheetWork in pairs to analyse quotations from the following:

- Old Majors speech (TIP: Look at how he describes the humans; the warnings he gives to the other animals)- Squealers propaganda(TIP: Look at the way he changes Napoleons stance on the windmill; the rewriting of Snowballs role on the farm)- The 7 Commandments(TIP: Look at how they alter throughout the novel to reflect the pigs taking over the Manor house; the final change to one commandment)

- Boxer and the sheeps mantras(TIP: Think about the repetition and the effect it has; what it tells us about their characters)

Animal Farm by George OrwellLesson ObjectivesContinue analysing quotations from the novel, with reference to their context and meaningReview our responses as a class

3 Steps for Analysing Quotations

1. Break the sentence down look at the meaning and connotations of individual words, techniques and phrases, as well as the whole sentence

e.g. When they had finished their confessions the dogs promptly tore their throats out

Promptly is quite a proper word, which contrasts sharply with the messy manner of the executions, and says that they were immediate and without mercy.

Tore their throats out is an incredibly graphic use of IMAGERY, showing the brutality of their deaths, and tore emphasises the violence of the execution.3 Steps for Analysing Quotations

2. Think about what the whole sentence suggests


The sentence shows that there is no delay in doling out justice to the pigs, and gives a sense of a lack of justice in their fates.

3 Steps for Analysing Quotations

3. Comment on the context of the quotation


The violence and swiftness of the executions highlights the extent that Napoleon is willing to go to to maintain power he has turned on his own kind, and is now using fear and violence as a means of controlling the animals.




Animal Farm by George OrwellLesson Objectives:Finish analysing quotations from the novel, with reference to their context and meaningWork in groups to share and discuss your analysis

3 Steps for Analysing Quotations1. Break the sentence down look at the meaning and connotations of individual words, techniques and phrases, as well as the whole sentence

2. Think about what the whole sentence suggests

3. Comment on the context of the quotation




Animal Farm - QuotationsWork in groups to discuss your analysis

You have TWO MINUTES to discuss each quotation

REMEMBER TO DISCUSS THE CONNOTATION OF INDIVIDUAL WORDS AND PHRASES, AS WELL AS CONTEXT

Animal Farm by George OrwellLesson Objectives:Introduction to our critical essaysRevise PEE essay structureLook at the critical essay questionCritical Writing SkillsPEE

Why bother?We need to follow a structure to write essays

We are going to use the P E E technique as a guide

This will help with any critical writing throughout the school

IntroductionStart with TART

(Title, Author, Refer to Task)

E.g. Animal Farm by George Orwell is an allegory based on the distortion of Communist ideals in Stalinist Russia. Orwell uses characterisation, imagery and themes of greed and betrayal to depict the breakdown of a society.

What do they mean?

P - PointE - EvidenceE - Explain/ evaluate (analysis)PointThe Point is simply what each paragraph is about- you make a main point in every paragraph you write. This is usually the topic sentence you use.Do not signpost your paragraph e.g. do not say I am going to talk about

Evidence

It is simply the introduction of a quotation into the text, along with the quotation itself.

It allows you to explain the background information of where the quotation comes from.EvidenceThe quotation is the evidence that you have to back up your point

It is important that you pick a quotation that you can explain and evaluate

Make sure there is enough information in each quotation that you pickExplain/ EvaluateThis is the chance for you to explain how the quotation backs up the point you are makingYou need to make sure that you fully explain the quotationYou then need to evaluate the quotation- give your opinion on how successful it isYour opinion should be implicit - do not write I think

THIS IS WHERE WE WOULD USE OUR ANALYSIS OF THE QUOTATIONS

Remember:This is basic critical essay formula

It can be developed and become more sophisticated as you progress

If you follow this, you are choosing the right path, and are more likely to succeedAnimal Farm Critical Essay QuestionChoose a novel which deals with the effects of a breakdown in societyShow how any of this negative pressure affects the characters in the novel and go on to show whether or not they tackle it successfully

- What examples in the text highlight the breakdown of a society?- How are the characters affected?- What themes are connected with this idea?- What techniques does Orwell use to depict this?

Animal Farm Critical EssayWork in groups to discuss FIVE EXAMPLES FROM THE TEXT you might write about in this essayYou should make reference to quotations for EACH POINTUse your Examples from the Text worksheets and Quotations Analysis worksheets as a guide

YOU HAVE TEN MINUTESChoose a novel which deals with the effects of a breakdown in society.Show how any of this negative pressure affects the characters in the novel and go on to show whether or not they tackle it successfullyAnimal Farm by George OrwellLesson Objectives:Recap the novels context and its structure as an allegoryWork in pairs to discuss examples from the novel for our essaysCreate our essay plans

Animal Farm as an AllegoryAn allegory is a narrative that can be read in more than one way

Animal Farm is an allegory

On first impressions, it appears to be a simple tale about a group of animals trying to run a farm by themselves

However, it actually represents Stalinist Russia, and his manipulation of Communist idealsAnimal Farm - ContextIt is a SATIRE of Soviet Socialism where the ideologies of Communism were taken and distorted to benefit the leaders, i.e. Stalin

Communism was written about by Karl Marx he wanted a classless society where everyone was equal, and all work was shared

Napoleon represents Joseph Stalin, who turns Animal Farm into a dictatorship, as Stalin did in Russia

Snowball represents Leon Trotsky, a rival of Stalin who was later assassinated on his orders

Old Major is often thought to represent Karl Marx, whose original plans for Communism have been manipulated to benefit the few while the majority suffers

Animal Farm Critical EssayWork in pairs to discuss FIVE EXAMPLES FROM THE TEXT you might write about in this essayUse your Examples from the Text, Quotations Analysis and Essay Preparation worksheets as a guide

YOU HAVE FIFTEEN MINUTESChoose a novel which deals with the effects of a breakdown in society.

Show how any of this negative pressure affects the characters in the novel and go on to show whether or not they tackle it successfully.Animal Farm Essay PlansNow, work INDIVIDUALLY on your essay plans

Remember to include PEE in every paragraph

Use your Essay Planner worksheets as a basis

YOU HAVE TEN MINUTESAnimal Farm by George OrwellLesson Objectives:Look at the Success Criteria for the critical essayBegin writing our first drafts:- Introduction- Paragraph 1- Paragraph 2Animal Farm Critical Essay Success CriteriaINTRODUCTION:

Get straight to the point!Indicate the ideas you will write aboutIdentify the techniques you will write about Make clear your point of view

Animal Farm Critical Essay Success CriteriaPARAGRAPHS:

Get straight to the point in your Topic Sentence! E.g. George Orwell shows the breakdown of a society through his exploration of the theme of betrayal.Show your knowledge of the text Identify the techniques you will write about Analyse your quotation wellMake clear your point of viewKeep the question in mind refer back to the taskAnimal Farm Critical EssayWe are now going to begin our FIRST DRAFTS

By the end of the period, you should have written your Introduction and your first TWO paragraphs

Use your plans and worksheets to guide youAnimal Farm Success CriteriaINTRODUCTION:

Get straight to the point!Indicate the ideas you will write aboutIdentify the techniques you will write about Make clear your point of viewPARAGRAPHS:

Get straight to the point in your Topic Sentence! E.g. George Orwell shows the breakdown of a society through his exploration of the theme of betrayal.

Show your knowledge of the text

Identify the techniques you will write about

Analyse your quotation well

Make clear your point of view

Keep the question in mind refer back to the taskAnimal Farm Critical EssayHomework! Write this in your planners, please.

By MONDAY, you should have written:- Introduction- Paragraph 1- Paragraph 2- Paragraph 3

We will be finishing the essays in clas on Monday, so DO NOT FORGET YOURSAnimal Farm by George OrwellLesson ObjectivesRecapping the success criteria for the essayCompleting our first draftsAnimal Farm Success CriteriaINTRODUCTION:







Keep the question in mind refer back to the taskAnimal Farm Success CriteriaWhat other things make a good essay?

Think about language, structure, references to the textAnimal Farm Critical EssayWe are now going to continue working on our FIRST DRAFTS

By the end of the period, you should have completed your essays

Use your plans and worksheets to guide youAnimal Farm Success CriteriaINTRODUCTION:







Keep the question in mind refer back to the taskAnimal Farm by George OrwellLesson Objectives:Personal ReadingRecap the success criteria for the essayLook at exemplar essays to evaluate good and bad pointsPeer evaluate your partners essayReflect on your own essayAnimal Farm Success CriteriaINTRODUCTION:







Keep the question in mind refer back to the taskAnimal Farm Success CriteriaWhat else makes a good essay?

LanguageStructureReference to textAnimal Farm Critical EssayYou have been given two EXEMPLAR ESSAYS

Look over these, and discuss with your partner which you think is best

List two reasons why you believe it is better than the other essay

YOU HAVE FIVE MINUTESAnimal Farm Critical Essay

Having someone else look at our work can often help it to become better

They can see strengths or mistakes that we sometimes cannot see ourselvesAnimal Farm Critical EssayWe are now going to complete some PEER EVALUATION

Read over your partners essay

Using the success criteria we have discussed as a guide, note TWO STRENGTHS and TWO TARGETS for your partners work

YOU HAVE TEN MINUTESAnimal Farm Critical EssayNow, having completed PEER EVALUATION of another essay, and having looked at success criteria and exemplar essays, think about YOUR OWN WORK.

On a Post-It, write TWO STRENGTHS and TWO TARGETS for your own essay these should be different from the feedback your partner has given.

Attach the Post-It to your essay, and pass to the front of your row

YOU HAVE TWO MINUTES Animal Farm by George OrwellLesson Objectives:Personal ReadingBegin our final drafts!Animal Farm Success CriteriaINTRODUCTION:







Keep the question in mind refer back to the taskAnimal Farm by George OrwellLesson Objectives:Complete our essays!Animal Farm Success CriteriaINTRODUCTION:







Keep the question in mind refer back to the taskAnimal Farm Critical EssayIf you have not finished your essay, take this home and complete it over the weekend

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Animal Farm