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Objectives• Observe animal behaviors relating to
environmental stimuli
• Design and conduct an animal behavior experiment
• Use Chi-Square to determine statistical significance of the data collected
Animals: Isopods
• Porcellio laevis (sow bugs) or Armadillidiumvulgare (pill bugs)
• Land-dwelling (terrestrial) crustaceans
• Related to lobsters, crabs and shrimp
Isopod Taxonomy
• Kingdom Animalia
• Clade Euarthropoda (arthropods)
• Subphylum Crustacea (crustaceans)
• Class Malacostraca
• Superorder Peracarida (presence of a brood pouch)
• Order Isopoda
Isopods• Prefer dark, humid environments
• Breathe with gills which must remain moist
• Females may carry up to 200 eggs in a brood pouch (located under thorax)
• Molt as they grow
Isopod Behavior
• Porcellio laevis (sow bugs) – flee or remain perfectly still when threatened
• Armadillidium vulgare (pill bugs) – curl up in tight balls for protection
Three Part Lab
• Activity A1: Initial Observation of Isopod Behavior
• Activity A2: Orientation Behavior of Isopods
• Activity A3: Designing an Experiment to Test Isopod Behavior
Animal Behaviors
• Observe two innate behaviors in isopods
• Orientation behaviors: taxis and kinesis
Behavior: Taxis
• Taxis: Turning of an animal’s body towards or away from a stimulus (directional)
• Positive taxis (towards) and negative taxis (away)
• Specific examples include phototaxis and chemotaxis
Behavior: Kinesis
• Kinesis: Random turning or movement of an animal in relation to a stimulus, usually to find “comfort zone”
• May involve a change in rate of movement
Behaviors Evolve by Natural Selection
• Some unicellular protists move towards light (positive phototaxis)
• Earthworms move away from light (negative phototaxis)
• Some bacteria move towards high concentrations of glucose (positive chemotaxis)
Activity A1: Initial Observation of Isopod Behavior
• Observe the isopods for 10 minutes in a petridish
• Undisturbed behavior
• Make notes on the isopods’ movements
–Agonistic (related to fighting: threats, displays, retreats, placation)
– Taxis and/or kinesis
Activity A2: Orientation Behavior of Isopods
• Observe isopods as they respond to humidity differences in their environment over time
Scientific Question: Do differences in humidity affect isopod behavior?
• Alternative Hypothesis (HA):
• Null Hypothesis (H0):
• Independent Variable:
• Dependent Variable:
Activity A2: Orientation Behavior of Isopods
• Clean filter paper on each side of choice chamber
• Use pipet to saturate the filter paper on one side of the chamber with water (no excess)
• Transfer 5 isopods to each side of chamber
• Count and record the number of isopods on each side of the chamber every 30 seconds for 10 minutes
• Continue to record even if the isopods stop moving
Activity A3: Designing an Experiment to Test Isopod Behavior
• Select one variable listed below to investigate
Variable Conditions
Temperature Cool, Warm
Light Light, Dark/Shade
pH Low pH (Acidic), High pH (Alkaline)
Substrate Surface Smooth vs. (Chooseone)
Before You Begin….
Complete Parts 1-5 and then check in with me:
• State the factor to be tested
• State a hypothesis for your experiment
• List the materials needed for the experiment
• List the procedure to be followed
• Describe the data that will be collected and how the results will be displayed (qualitative and quantitative)