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ANIMAL BEHAVIORBehavior…anything an animal does
in response to a stimulus
INNATE BEHAVIOR• Inherited behavior• Instincts & reflexes• Behavior an animal is
born with• EX: suckling; building
nests, migrating, defending territory
Innate Behavior
Taxis – animal moves toward or away from a stimulusEx. Insect moving toward or away from light
Positive light taxis
Innate BehaviorREFLEX• Automatic response to
a stimulus• Pulling your hand away
from heat• Jumping at a loud noise
INSTINCT• Something you are born
knowing to do• Building a nest• suckling
Innate Behavior
• MIGRATION• Moving to new
location periodically (find food, mating partners)
• Based on seasons, rain
Innate Behavior
HIBERNATION – dormant (sleep-like state) in winter
Purpose????? Survive winters when there is little available food.
Innate BehaviorESTIVATION – dormancy
during periods of extreme heat or drought
Purpose???conserve resources during extreme heat & droughtconditions
EXAMPLES…frogs, bees, hedgehogs, reptiles, snails
Innate Behavior
AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR
Animal intimidates anotherBird calling, growling,
showing teethTo defend food supply,
territory, or young
Innate BehaviorTERRITORIALITY• Defending an area from
another organism• Physical space used by an
organism for feeding, breeding, or raising young
• Reduces conflicts, controls population growth, provides efficient use of resources
Innate Behavior
• PHEROMONES: chemicals that communicate information in other animals
• Ants, bees use them to communicate
• Urine contains pheromones• Often used to mark territory
Humans mark their territory too!
Innate Behavior
COURTSHIP• Rituals carried out to
attract mates• Flashy dances, gestures,
posturing, light signals• Specific to each species• Helps organisms find
mates of their species
FIGHT OR FLIGHT
• Response to a perceived attack, harm, or threat to survival.
• Cats arch their backs at the smell of a rival; mice scurry at the scent of a fox
Social Behavior
DOMINANCE HIERARCHY• “pecking order”• In social groups, there
is a state of “seniority”• Alpha males/females
Social Behavior
Communication in social insects using pheromones.
COMMUNICATION is both INNATE & LEARNED
Learned Behavior
• Acquired behavior• Behavior changes
through practice• Trial & error• Allows for
adaptation to change; therefore important in survival
Learned Behavior
TRIAL & ERROR• Practice makes
perfect• Learn to exhibit a
behavior based on a reward
Learned BehaviorHABITUATIONan animal becomes accustomed to
a stimulus through prolonged and regular exposure
Ex: you don’t notice a clock chiming in your house, the refrigerator or heat/air coming on; but you do when you’re at someone else’s house!
Learned BehaviorIMPRINTING• Learning based on early
experience• Bonding shortly after
birth• Once occurred, cannot
be changed• Keeps young animals
close to mother who protects and feeds them
Learned Behavior
CONDITIONING• Learning by association• Dogs or cats come to
their food bowl when they hear the can opener
• Students change class when they hear bell