Anglyskaya Grammatika Prostymi Slovami

7/21/2019 Anglyskaya Grammatika Prostymi Slovami

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2012


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811.111

81.2

-49

. .

-49 / . . . : , 2012.

320 . (Real English: !).

ISBN 978-5-699-51762-6

,

. ,

. ,

!

.

811.111

81.2

.., 2012

, 2012ISBN 978-5-699-51762-6


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1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

PART 1/ 1

GRAMMAR/

1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

3. . ? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

5. Present Continuous. ,

Present Continuous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

6. Simple Continuous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

7. Past Simple (I did) Present Perfect (I have done)..

yet already . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

10. I wish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

11. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

12. can, may, might, must, should etc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

Continuous Perfect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

13. will, shall would. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

14. used to do . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

15. I want you to do something . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

16. make, let, allow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

17. suggest, recommend, advise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78

18. should . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

19. Id rather/Youd better/Im better off . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

20. + ing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

21. To do so that. for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

22. . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96

23. As like . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100

24. .

the the (the sooner the better) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107


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4

25. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115

26. This/that; this is, thats, that is, these are, those are, they are . . . 141

27. a, the. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144

28. noun + noun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149

29. who/that . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151

30. -ed -ing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153

31. Some/any/no, somebody/anybody/nobody, something/anything/nothing . . . 157

32. both, either, neither. .

So do I, Neither will I, She doesnt either . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161

33. Other, the other, another . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166

34. one . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16835. Have got . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170

36. : mine, yours, his, hers, theirs, ours . . . . . . . 172

37. What?/What kind of?/Which? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174

38. Little/a little, few/a few . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177

39. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179

40. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185

41. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186

42. . If . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190

43. I saw you do something, I heard you doing something . . . 19544. Passives/ (Its done) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198

45. it is said, it is expected, he is supposed . . . . . . 204

46. Its ... to do . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208

47. look, feel, sound, smell, taste . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210

48. Unless/Until By . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213

49. For, during, while. ? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217

50. Thanks to, due to, because of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220

PART 2/ 2

VOCABULARY/

1. on, in, away, about, around, out,

off, about etc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225

2. have . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245

3. do . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249

4. hard/hardly, barely, late/lately, fast, early etc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252


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5. get (got) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255

6. make . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259

7. mind . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2648. say/tell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267

9. learn, teach, study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269

10. run . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271

11. think see Present Simple Present Continuous . . . . . . . . . . 275

12. incoming, upgrade, breakdown, etc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278

13. Rest/the rest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281

14. Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282

15. , ,

(wait, break, talk, etc.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28516. thing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289

17. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291

Key/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293


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- , -

teach learn? , :

I did it Ive done it? hard hardly?

. -

,

, : Your English is very good!

. -

, ,

, ; -

.

, , , -

, , , -

, ,

.

!


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9/320


10/320

9Grammar/Unit 1

Unit

1 .

, , , -

,

, .

:

. , -

. - , -

. ,

-

, , , .

, , -

.

: Simple(-), Continuous (), Perfect (), Perfect Continuous

( ).

.

Simple , -

. ( .) Continuous , -

/ - . (

.) Perfect , / -

- . (

5 ( ).)

Perfect Continuous , - - .

( 3 .)


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10

(Present), (Past)

(Future) , ,

-.

. .

. ,

.

Simple Continuous Perfect Perfect Continuous

Present Simple

(do / does)

Present Continuous

(am / is / are doing)

Present Perfect

(have / has done)

Present Perfect Continuous

(have / has been doing)

Past Simple

(did)

Past Continuous

(was / were doing)

Past Perfect

(had done)

Past Perfect Continuous

(had been doing)

Future Simple

(will do)

Future Continuous

(will be doing)

Future Perfect

(will have done)

Future Perfect Continuous

(will have been doing)

.

Simple

Present Simple . -

: . , . -

c Present Simple:Every morning I get up at

7 oclock. 3- -s:

Every morning he gets up at 7 oclock./ .

Present Simple do (does 3- , ) -

:

1. I dont get up at 7 oclock every morning. / .

2. What time does he get up every morning?/ ?


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11Grammar/Unit 1

:

Cigarettes do a lot of harm to your health./ . ( )Where do you live? I live in Madrid./ ? .

Jack often travels for work./ . It doesnt rain much in summer./ .Tom lives around here. Do you see him much?/

. ?

The bus into town runs every hour./ .Every day I start work at 8 in the morning. / .

My parents live outside the city./ .The Earth goes around the Sun./ .How long does it take you to get to your office?/

, ?

Jack speaks five languages./ .My boss and I usually have lunch in a restaurant at the corner of the

street./ .Do you know that man? No. I dont know that man. / ? , .

Past Simple , -

. -

: ., ,

, Past Simple: Yesterday I got up

at seven oclock. -

did.

1. Where did you go last year?/ ?2. He didnt tell me that./ .3. When did Mozart die?/ ?4. How did you do that?/ ?


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5. Where did your parents live five years ago?/ ?

6. Where did you learn English?/ ?

:

Yesterday I called my friend and asked for money./ .

Did you go out yesterday night? Yes, we went out for a mov-ie./ - ? , .

When I was in Nice I hired a car for three days. / , .

Liz didnt sleep well last night. She had a terrible headache./ . .When did you and your wife get married? We got married in

1995./ ? 1995 .

She didnt tell me her name./ .Where did you study? I studied in Moscow. / ?

.

Jack and Jill moved to London in 1967./ 1967 .

Future Simple

, . -

:

( -

); , --

.

Future Simple will (-

ll), . :

. , -

Future Simple: Tomorrow I will (Ill) get up at

seven oclock.


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13Grammar/Unit 1

-

will. wont.

:

Im sorry I cant talk now. Ill call you later. / , . .

What will you do next weekend?/ ?

They wont (will not) come here again./ .How long will you stay here?/ ?

They will meet you outside the hotel. /

.Where will you be this time next year? Ill be in Toronto./

? .

What will you do tomorrow?/ ? Future Simple I think (I dont

think)/ , ( , )

:

Its hot in the room. I think Ill open the window. / ., . Im too tired. I dont think Ill stay up late tonight./ .

, ( ).

Do you think he will find a new job?/ , ?

I didnt like this place. I dont think Ill come here again./ . , .How long will you stay here? I think well stay here till nextweekend./ ? , .

I think I will try to help you./ , . I dont think well meet again./ , . I think Ill have a cup of coffee./ , .


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I dont think it will rain again./ , .Dont worry. I think everything will be OK./ . ,

.

Continuous1

Present Continuous , -

, -

( ).

Present Continuous

be , , -

( am / is / are) 2 -ing.

Present Continuous :

subject () + am / is / are + doing + ........

-

be. :

1. What are you doing now? Im reading a book. / ? ( ) .

2. Shes not working this week. / . , -

, -

, (Present Continuous).

Past Continuous , -

, ,

.

Past Continuous :

subject + was / were + doing + ...............

1 Continuous Progressive.2 , -

.


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15Grammar/Unit 1

:1. Yesterday at six oclock in the evening I was sleeping in my

bed./ 6 . .2. I was reading when John arrived./ , . , . -

be ( was were). :

1. What were you doing yesterday at 11 oclock in the evening?/ 11 ?

2. Did you hear what I said? Im sorry. I wasnt listening. / -, ? , .Future Continuous ,

. Future Continuous :

subject + will + be + doing + ...............

:

Tomorrow at 3 I will be walking in the park./ . -

will. :What will you be doing tomorrow at 3 oclock?/

?

:

Dont disturb me. Im trying to concentrate./ . .They are sitting in a caf and having lunch. / .

I was walking across the park when I saw Jack. He was sitting onthe grass and reading a newspaper./ , . .

I wasnt sleeping when you called./ , .


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Perfect

Present Perfect , , ,

.

Present Perfect have

(has 3- ) -

( -ed,

3- .

).

Present Perfect :

subject + have / has + done + ...............

:

1. I have just arrived./ . .

2. Look! Somebody has broken the window./ ! - .

, ( )

. -

have / has.

1. Have you visited many places?/ ?2. My friend hasnt called yet./ .Past Perfect ,

.

Past Perfect had

3- . Past Perfect :

subject + had + done + ...............

:

When we arrived John had already gone./ , .


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17Grammar/Unit 1

, , .

( .)

- had.

When we called John hadnt arrived yet./ , .

Past Perfect , -

Past Simple.

Future Perfect , -

.

Future Perfect :

subject + will + have + done + ...............

:

I will have finished work by five oclock./ -.

-

will. :

I have a lot of work. I will not have finished it by five oclock./ . .

:

Have you been to the doctor? Oh, no. I havent yet. / ? , .

Ive never been to Paris. They say its a beautiful place./ . , .

Have you seen Tom lately? Is he in town? No. He has goneaway./ ? ? . .The street is blocked. There has just been a car accident./ . .

Please give this book back to me when you will have finishedit./ , , .

The company has launched a new product line./ .


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Perfect Continuous

Present Perfect Continuous , .

Jack has been driving for three hours now and hes getting

tired./ . Present Perfect Continuous :

subject + have / has + been + doing + ...............

- have / has.

:

Whats this mess? What have you been doing?/ ? ? ( - )

Past Perfect Continuous ,

, -

.

When we arrived Karen had been painting the walls of her bedroomfor two hours./ , .

Past Perfect Continuous :

subject + had + been + doing + ...............

-

had.:Had he been driving for a long time before the accident happened?/ , ?

.

.

Future Perfect Continuous , -

- .


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19Grammar/Unit 2

Unit

:

In January well have been living here for two years./

, .Future Perfect Continuous . - Future Continuous Future Perfect.

:

Why are your hands dirty? Ive been painting the walls in myroom./ ? .

My family has been living here since 1984./ 1984 .

He said he had been trying to reach me on the phone for two hoursbut I was not available./ , , .

Youre a great dancer! How long have you been doing that? I started when I was six years old. / . ? , .

Jane is very tired because she has been working the wholeday./ , .

2 ,

. Simple, Con-

tinuous, Perfect, Perfect Continuous

.

, , ,

.

-

. -

,

?


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20

:

Always . -

, , - Simple:

He always eats a lot./ . Present Simple,

. Present Continuous

(Hes always eating a lot).

Never . ( ), Pres-

ent Simple:People next door never say hello to me./ (, -

) . , ,

., Present Perfect:I've never been to London.She has never tried chili pepper. , at the moment( )

, . -

, , , PresentContinuous:

At the moment Im cooking a meal./ .

, , -

(yesterday), , ,

Past Simple.

:

. / Yesterday we saw a new movie. : -- (just). , , . -

, Present Perfect:

. / Ive just got back home fromwork.


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21Grammar/Unit 2

Present

Simple

Present

Continuous

Past

Simple

Present

Perfect

always

often

never

sometimes

every day/week/month/year

/ /

/ every weekend/

every morning/

night /

all the time

from time to time

usually

now

at the moment

this week

currently

yesterday

a week/ two

weeks/ three

years etc. ago

/

/

. .

a long time ago /

some time ago / -

last week/ month/

year etc.

/

/

last weekend/

just

already

yet

before

ever

-never

,

.

1. We have arrived yesterday. .............................................................

2. Are you working every day? .............................................................

3. I didnt finish this book yet. ................................................................

4. What were you doing every weekend? .............................................

5. Did you ever travel to Malaysia? .......................................................

6. What do you do this week? I work hard this week. .....................

.....................................................................................................................


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22

Unit

3 .

?

.

, -

, -

. be, do, have, will.

Unit 1,

.

( ) ,

, -. :

1. My friends ( ) they().2. Your father( ) he().3. Their mother( ) she().

:

My parents live outside the city./ . Present Simple. -

do. Present Simple- , .

live. they(3- ), .

-

do ( does 3- ) .

Do your parents live in the city center?/ - ?

No, my parents dont live in the city center./ .

Sue bought a new car last week. / .

Past Simple.

did. do Present Simple,


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23Grammar/Unit 3

, . Did .

What did Sue buy last week?/ ?Sue didnt buy a new car last week. / .

( ) .

They will come here soon./ . Future Simple.

will come.

come :They will not come here again./ .Will they come here again?/ ?

The climate in this region has changed dramatically./ .

Present Perfect. - it (3- ), has .

, -:The climate in this region hasnt changed much./ -

.Has the climate in this region changed much?/

?

Theyve been working for three hours now./ .

Present Perfect Continuous;

have been working, - have. - (been working) .

They havent been watching television. Theyve been working./ . .

How long have they been working?/ ?


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24

.

:

1. Do you speak English? Yes, I do. / -? , .

Yes, I do . , -

. ( , -

) , Do you speak English?: Yes, I speak.

2. Who parked that red car

here? My friend did. / -

? .

,

-

, -

. ,

,

.

+

.

3. Have you seen the doctor? No, I havent yet./ -? , .

4. Whos the boss here? That man is. / ? . (: .)

-

.

Present Simple Past Simple.

:1. I know that man. , -

.

I do know that man. , -

, :

. -

I really know that man.(really )


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25Grammar/Unit 3

2. He does remember everything that happened./ , .

, 3- , -

. -

( ), -s

. :

He remembers everything that happened. Past Simple

did:

He did remember everything that happened./ -

, . -ed , 1.

, :

He remembered everything that happened./ , -.

1

.

1. Are you a tourist here? Yes, .

2. Do you speak English? No, .. .

3. Have you been to the doctor yet? No, . .

4. Are they going to be married soon? Yes, .

5. Did you bring all the documents? Yes, .

6. Will she call tomorrow? Yes, .

7. Is it still raining? No, ........ .

8. Have the kids been watching cartoons all day? Yes, .. .

9. Was she telling the truth? No, . .

10. Does she call her parents every day? Yes, .. .

1 , () .


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Unit

11. Can you help me? Sure, .. .

12. Was he your friend? No, .. .

13. Does it matter? Oh, yes! . .

2

really.

1. I tried to correct my mistakes many times.

.....................................................................................................................2. I think she doesnt want to join us for the party.

.....................................................................................................................

3. Im sorry. I apologize for what I said.

.....................................................................................................................4. I have a feeling he didnt tell you the truth.

.....................................................................................................................5. Do you understand me?

.....................................................................................................................

4 . ,

, ,

/

/ . :

+ + +

I go to school every day.

.


28/320

27Grammar/Unit 4

-

. ,

, .:

. . . . . :

I go to school every day.

, .

,

.

I go to school every day do.

I go to school every day. Do I go to school every day? ( ?)

-

:

?

, -

.

,

: -

. , -.

:

. ,

:

My father gets up very early and goes to work every day.


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28

,

.

:Every day my father gets up very early and goes to work.

, . - .

:

. ,

:I have a lot of work today.( : Today I have a lot of work)

, - .

, , ,

, -

(, ) .

, :

Here we go. . :

, . , . , . , here, -

(), . . ,

,

. ,

, : Here we go.

we .Here she goes.( .)Here he goes.( .)Here they go. ( .) go come: Here we come. -

: , . (.: -- ).


30/320

29Grammar/Unit 5

Unit

here there:There she goes!( ).

, -

. -

.

:

Here you are!

, -

. :

, ! , -!

,

, -

, here

there -

.

5Present Continuous., Present Continuous

Present ContinuousPresent Continuous (I am doing) -

.

1. Present Continuous , -

,

.


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30

:

1

. -. :

Wheres Jack? / ? Hes is talking to his boss at

the moment. / .

, Present Continuous.

2. Present Continuous -

,

.

, -

-

. ,

.

2

.

, -

.

Im taking a course of Italian

now. Its very interesting./ - - . .

( ) -

( ),

. -

, - -

.


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31Grammar/Unit 5

3.Present Continuous

, -

.:

3

.

. .

:

Im flying to Paris tomorrow./ . ( -

), , ,

, Present Continuous.

, Present Continuous:

1. .

2. .

3. -

.

:

Im working hard this week. Ill call you next week and well get to-gether. / . , .

Liz is living with her parents at the moment./ .

Where are you staying? Im staying in a hotel./ ()? () .

Lets go out for a movie tomorrow. Im sorry I cant. Im play-ing tennis tomorrow./ . , . .

Look! Its snowing!/ ! !The police cant find him. Hes living out of country at the mo-

ment. / . .


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32

1

.1. . ,

.

.....................................................................................................................2. ? .

.

.....................................................................................................................3. ! - . !

.....................................................................................................................4. . .

.....................................................................................................................5. . .

.....................................................................................................................6. . . .

.....................................................................................................................

7. ......................................................................................................................

8. , (date) . ?

.....................................................................................................................9. . .

.....................................................................................................................

,

Continuous

, Pres-

ent Continuous 1.

1 Present Continuous, ContinuousPerfect Continuous.


34/320

33Grammar/Unit 5

, :

think, believe, love, like, hate, know, want, suggest, suppose,assume, guess, see, hear, smell, taste, look, have.

know

;

- , , - . - , . : Im knowing I was knowing.

: I know./ . I knew. / .

love

;

- - , - : , - . : She doesnt loveme./ . ( : Shes not loving me.)

need

; ,

- , :I dont need your advice./ . ( -

: Im not needing your advice.)

hear

; (

). - ( ), -

, . -

hear Pres-

ent Continuous.

I dont hear you. Can you call me back?/ . ?


35/320

34

.

think

1. , ;

2. ,

: , , Present Continuous:

I think its very important./ , . ,

, Present Simple.

- , -, , -

, -

:

What are you thinking about? Im thinking about my work./ ? .

; , - ,

Present Continuous.

see

1. ( , );

2.

:

Im looking out the window and I see many people in the street./ - .

see , -

Present Continuous ( : Imseeing many people).

:

Im seeing my lawyer tomorrow./ -.

see , - , -


36/320

35Grammar/Unit 5

Present Continuous( , -

).

look

1. ;

2. ( - )

look Present Continuous:

Im looking out the window./ . look Present Continu-

ous, :

1. You look wonderful!/ !2. He looks upset. Whats happened?/ . ?

,

:Youre looking good today./ . Present Continuous. , -

,

:

Youre looking good today. = You look good today.

feel

( Continuous)

:

I was sick but Im feeling better now./ , - .

have ,

( 1). -: have - , ,

Present Continuous,

. :

1. Do you have brothers or sisters?/ ?2. My friend doesnt have much money./ ()

. ( .)


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36

3. That man is very rich. He has a lot of property./ . .

have () . have Continu-ous. :

1. Yesterday at three oclock I was having lunch./ .

2. Sue cant talk to you now. Shes having a meal./ . .

have

-, , -

, Con-tinuous.

2

, .

1. I (see) a doctor tomorrow at 5.

.....................................................................................................................

2. You (look) wonderful today!

.....................................................................................................................

3. Whats she doing? She (look) out the window.

.....................................................................................................................

4. Tom is out. He (have) lunch at the moment.

.....................................................................................................................

5. How you (feel) today? I was sick but today I (feel) much better.

.....................................................................................................................6. Hello? Sir? You (hear) me? Im sorry I (not listen). Can you say

it again?

.....................................................................................................................

7. You (have) many friends? No, not many.

.....................................................................................................................


38/320

37Grammar/Unit 6

Unit

8. Hes not very rich. He (not have) much money.

.....................................................................................................................

9. Sarah is upset because she (have) a lot of problems.

.....................................................................................................................

10. You (see) that bank? The cash-machine is there.

.....................................................................................................................

11. What you (think) of that man? Is he a nice person?

.....................................................................................................................

12. Liz (think) of selling her old car and buying a new one.

.....................................................................................................................

6 Simple Continuous Present Simple (I do) Present Continuous (Im doing)

Present Continuous(Im doing) ,

.

:

1. Im seeing my lawyer tomorrow at five./ - .

2. Were going on a business trip next Friday./ .

(, ), -

( ) ( -

), Present Simple (I do). :

1. What time does the DayBreak show start? / () DayBreak? ( )

2. What time do we meet today? / -? ( )


39/320

38

3. Were going out for a movie tonight. The movie starts at 8 pm. / - . 8 .( -

)4. What time does your train leave? My train leaves at 11.45. I have

to be at the railway station at 11.30./ ? / 11.45. 11.30. ( )

5. What time do you finish work today? Today I finish around 9. / ? / . ( )

6. I start my new job next month. / .( )

:

Fu-

ture Simple(I will do), . :

1. What time will the movie start? I dont want to miss it. / -

? . ( ,

: What time does the movie start?)

2. What time will you finish work today?( :What time do you finish work today? Future

Simple, .)

Future Simple (I will) Present Continuous (Im going to)

be going to, -

- . :

.Im going to have lunch. .Jack is going to watch

a new movie.

, -, -

Im going to go : Im going

:


40/320

39Grammar/Unit 6

1. .Imgoing on vacation soon. (: Im going to

go on vacation soon.)2. -

.Were going out tonight.(: Were going to go out tonight.)

Future Simple (I will) -

, -

.

I will do something , ,

Im going to do something.:

It will probably rain soon. / , . ( , , .)

Look! There are clouds in the sky. Its going to rain./ , ! .

, .

:

Ive got some extra money. Im going to buy a new car./ - . .My car is OK, but I dont really like it. I will probably buy a new car

next year./ , . , .

, : -

, , . ,

.

What will you do next weekend? Im not sure. I will probablygo to see my mom./ ? . , .

, , ,

, .

What are you going to do now? I think Im going to work. / ? , .


41/320

40

Future Simple , Present

Continous( ).

: ? : How long are you go-

ing to stay here? How long will you stay here?

How long will you stay here?

:

How much will it cost?/ ?How many people will come to the party?/

?How long will it take?/ ?What time will you arrive at the airport?/ ?

plan() Present

Simple.

:

I plan to spend July and August with my kids./ . ( , ; : Im planning)

What do you plan to do this afternoon? Nothing special. Any sug-gestions? / ? . - ?

We plan to go out tomorrow night./ - .

, .

, .

1. How long it (take) to get there? It (take) around twenty-four hours.

.....................................................................................................................


42/320

41Grammar/Unit 6

2. What you (do) now? I think I (have) lunch.

.....................................................................................................................

3. What you (do) next weekend? I think I (take) a day-off.

.....................................................................................................................

4. The situation is very complicated. It (be) hard to find a way out.

.....................................................................................................................

5. What time you (be) there?

.....................................................................................................................

6. What time you (finish) work tonight?

.....................................................................................................................7. When did you arrive?

Thursday.

How long you (stay)?

Till next Friday.

.....................................................................................................................

8. Ive got some time before I have to go. I think I (sleep) for two or

three hours.

.....................................................................................................................9. Theres a very interesting program on TV tonight. What time it

(start)?

.....................................................................................................................

10. What time you (call) me tomorrow?

.....................................................................................................................

11. What time you (arrive) at the airport tomorrow night? 10 pm.

.....................................................................................................................12. What you (plan) to do next week?

.....................................................................................................................

13. Do you want to take on this job? Sure. OK. You (start) on

Monday.

.....................................................................................................................


43/320

42

Unit

7

Past Simple (I did) Present Perfect (I have done).

yet already

Past Simple Present Perfect

Past Simple Present Perfect ,

, ,

.

Past Simple ,

. Present Perfect

, ,

.

Past Simple , -

, :

yesterday , last week , last year

; two months ago , in 2007 2007 ..

:

Last year I went to Germany./ . -

, ,

. :

1. His parents immigrated in the US in 1962./ 1962 - .

2. What did you do last weekend?/ ? , ,

, Past Simple. , -

, , ,

, -

:

They called me five minutes ago. / .


44/320

43Grammar/Unit 7

Present Prefect - :

yet , ; already ;just ;

ever -; never .

:1. Has he called yet?/ ?2. Ive never tried original Thai food./ -

. , Present Per-

fect.:1. Shes not the same person any more. She has changed after her

husband died./ . . , ,

: .2. My friend travels a lot. He has visited many countries./

. . ,

.

PresentPerfect Past Simple. He has visited many countries - He visited many countries.

I did I have done

( ) ( )

5 minutes ago, yesterday, last, just, yet, already, ever, week, last year, two months ago never


45/320

44

Present Perfect Past Simple -

,

. , : ?, : Have you been in London?, , -?

Past Simple,

: Were you in London?, :

Have you met Chris yet?/ ? Past Simple Present Perfect,

? ?

, , . - .

1. - ? -

, , Past

Simple. , , Present Per-

fect.

:

It has stopped raining. We can goout./ . .

(

( ), -

. -

Present Perfect.) It stopped raining for an hourbut its raining again now./ , .

( , -

, , -

, Past Simple.)


46/320

45Grammar/Unit 7

Ann has gone. She will be back by Monday./ . .

( , , Present Perfect).

I went out in the morning but Im back home now./ , .

( , . , -

Past Simple.)

2. - , ,

.

Present Perfect, Past Simple.

:

Youre bleeding. Whats happened?/ ? -?

I cut my finger with a knife./ . How did you do that?/ ?

, : . -

Present Perfect, : -, ?

, -

Present Perfect, Past Simple.

3. - , -

, , . Past Simple.

:

1. You speak English very well! Where did you learn it?/ - -. ? I spent five years in the US./ . -, , , -

, Past Simple. -

,

Past Simple.


47/320

46

2. After my father finished high school he went to live in Europe./ - , .

, , , , ,

.

3. Gustave Flaubert worked in his tiny apartment in complete silence

and solitude./ - .

, -

. , ,

. Past Simple.

Yet already

yet -

: 1.;2. .

:

Have they arrived yet?/ ? No, they havent yet./ , . Are you ready yet?/ ?

Yes, we can go now./ , . ,

yet, , yet -

, .

already

.

:

You have to call that company and check for the price./ .

Ive already called them./ .


48/320

47Grammar/Unit 7

Do you know that the companys management will soon changethe conditions of employment? / ,

? I already know that./ .

, .

1. What you (do) last weekend?

.....................................................................................................................

2. You ever (be) to Australia?

.....................................................................................................................

3. What (happen)? I (hurt) my leg. How you (hurt) your leg?

I (fall off) the ladder.

.....................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................

4. I was trying to reach you on the phone. Where you (be)?

.....................................................................................................................

5. We cant go out. It (not stop) raining yet.

.....................................................................................................................

6. Where are they? They already (go).

.....................................................................................................................

7. Second World War (end) in 1945.

.....................................................................................................................

8. My mother (be) born in 1954.

.....................................................................................................................

9. The flight from London (arrive) at 11.30 pm.

.....................................................................................................................

10. I (lose) my wallet. When you (lose) it? I dont know.

.....................................................................................................................


49/320

48

Unit

8

Unit 3,

,

.

+ + +

, , - , .

.

, ,

. :

always , never , ever -,often , already ,just , only

, , really , , probably

, definitely , barely / hardly

* , yet, .

1. Ive always wanted to live on a deserted island./ . ( , : Ive want-ed to live in a deserted island always.)

2. It often rains in Britain./ . (- : It rains in Britain often.)

3. It never snows in Egypt./ . (- :It snows never in Egypt.)

4. Hes a very good son. He really loves his mother./ - . . ( : Heloves his mother really.)

5. Have you ever seen that movie? / - ? (


50/320

49Grammar/Unit 8

, ever you - seen.)

6. Hes only seven years old. Hes just a kid./ . . ( : Hes seven years old only.)7. It will probably rain soon./ , . (

: It will rain soon probably.)8. Youre definitely wrong./ , . ( :

Youre wrong definitely.) ( ,

?), .

:1. They are happily married./ -

.2. Thats a very nice restaurant. I

strongly recommend. / . .

3. This item is very fragile. Be careful.You can easily break it./ . .

. -, -

, happily, strongly,easily . , , -

. , You can easily break it - easily : You can break it easily.

I strongly recommend strongly

: I recommend strongly. :

He will readily do it for you./ . readily -

.

He will do it for you readily, , .


51/320

50

:

Have you done it yet? Yes, Ive already done that. / ? , .Were only human./ .Shes not my wife. Shes just a lady-friend./ .

.

That man was amazingly tall. / .

I really liked it there. They were terribly nice to me./ . () .

I often travel by myself./ ( , ). Its absolutely unbelievable./ .

,

.

1. The woman was young surprisingly.

.....................................................................................................................

2. I call just to say: "I love you."

.....................................................................................................................

3. He has a gift for languages. He can learn a new foreign language

easily.

.....................................................................................................................

4. They were married happily for ten years. After that they happily

divorced......................................................................................................................

5. Youre right absolutely.

.....................................................................................................................

6. She was softly speaking to me.

.....................................................................................................................


52/320

51Grammar/Unit 9

Unit

7. He looked at the beggar angrily.

.....................................................................................................................

8. The windshield wipers are moving very slowly.

.....................................................................................................................

9. I want just to know the truth.

.....................................................................................................................

10. Ive seen that movie never.

.....................................................................................................................

9 .

, -

- .

:

, - .

. -

:

-

, : , - , - .

:

If youre hungry, go to the supermar-

ket and get some food.


53/320

52

( )

: , -

: If yourehungry ( : If you will be hungry)

:

If you're hungry, go to the supermarket and get some food. / , .

, ,

...

If you're hungry...

: If it's cold outside, we will not go out. / - , .

,

.

It it's cold outside,

we will not go out.

.

, .

-

.:

, .


54/320

53Grammar/Unit 9

: ... ,

. , , -

. :

, ,

Past Simple( ), -

Future-in-the-Past(--), : -

will would, would-

.

:

,

.

If you were hungry,

you would go to the supermarketand get some food.

,

.

If it was cold outside,

we would not go out.

, -

were ( be) ,

was. -

:

If it were cold outside, we would not go out.

-

. , -


55/320

54

was, .

.

, If I were you( ) were,

was.

If I were you... = If I was you...

:

If I were you, I wouldnt take on that job./ -, .

:

If I had lots of money, I would give it to poor kids./ , . ( : )

If they are late, we wont be able to start the meeting./ , . ( : )

If you finish early tonight, call me and Ill pick you up from youroffice./ , . ( : )

I would never marry this guy if I were you. / , . ( : )

Hell help you with the suitcase if its not too heavy./ , . ( : )

There will be a lot of people here if the door is not locked. / , .( : )

If youre nice to him, he will probably help you./ , , , . ( : )


56/320

55Grammar/Unit 9

If we didnt hurry, we would be late for the train. / , . ( :

) I would never talk to him again if I were you./

, . (: )

What would you do, if you won a million dollars?/ , ? ( : )

Shes so fat! She would be slimmer if she didnt eat so much./ ! , .( : )

Can could.

:

You could get a better job if you spoke English./ , -.

I could tell you the truth if I knew it wouldn't hurt anyone./ , , . If it stopped raining we could go out./ , .

- , ,

, ,

.

:

, . , -

,

. .

: , .


57/320

56

If we didnt get a cab, we would be late for the flight.( - )

, , . - .

didnt gethadnt got would be latewould have been late

If we hadnt got a cab, we would have been late for the flight.

:

He could have made a great career if he had had a little moreluck./ , . I didnt see you. If I had seen you, of course I would have said hel-lo./ . , , .

If he had walked in five minutes later, he would have never methis future wife. / , .

I talked to John yesterday. If I had known he was in trouble, I wouldhave definitely offered my help./ . , , .

If Tom hadnt been away, he would have been enrolled in a trainee

program. / , .

, .

1. If we run out of gas, we (get stuck) in the middle of the road.

.....................................................................................................................

2. If I (be) you, I would go to live elsewhere.

.....................................................................................................................

3. Jack wouldnt have problems with money now if he (accept) that

job-offer.

.....................................................................................................................

4. She (lend) you some money if she had been sure that you would

pay her back.

.....................................................................................................................


58/320

57Grammar/Unit 10

U

nit

5. If you (eat) so much, you will soon be fat.

.....................................................................................................................

6. I (go) to the party if they invited me.

.....................................................................................................................

7. If Jack (know) that the trip would be so interesting, he would have

grabbed his camera.

.....................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................

8. If the rates in the hotels (be) too high, we will have to rent an

apartment......................................................................................................................

9. We would go out, if the weather (be) nice.

.....................................................................................................................

10. If you drive too fast, the police (stop) you.

.....................................................................................................................

11. It looks like I left my notepad in your house. If you (find) it, please

let me know.

.....................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................

12. If my wife (call), Ill have to pick up the phone.

.....................................................................................................................

10 I wish

Wish , .:

I wish you luck./ .wish , .

.


59/320

58

I wish I knew Jack was sick. (I didnt know Jack was sick.) :

, . ( .) , -,

: I wish I knew

:

I wish I could help you. (but Icant do it)/ ( .)

I wish I had a car./ , . : , .

-

, -

:

I wish I could help you.I wish I could have helped you.

I wish I had a car.

I wish I had had a car. c I wish :1. I wish I could have helped you./ , .

(, )

2. I wish I had had a car./ , ( ) .

3. I wish I never knew him./ .4. I wish I were you./ .

I wish -.

I wish I knew = If only I knew

I wish If only I.( ).


60/320

59Grammar/Unit 10

:

If only I could drive!/ ! (= I wishI could drive.) If only I knew you were in trouble./ ,

. (= I wish I knew you were in trouble.)

, .

1. Im going to Paris next week. And I dont speak French. I dont know

how I will get around. I wish I (can) speak French......................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................

2. He got really mad because I didnt call him. He doesnt want to talk

to me now. I wish I (call) him.

.....................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................

3. I dont know his phone number. But I want to call him. I wish I (know)his number.

.....................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................

4. I really want to visit my friends in Toronto but its hard for me to get

a Canadian visa. I wish I (can) get a Canadian visa.

.....................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................

5. Last week Liz invited me to join her on a trip to Thailand. I couldnt

go because I had too much work. I wish I (have not) so much work.

.....................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................


61/320

60

Unit

11

-

not -.

Present Simple Past Simple -

. :

goes does not go

:

She goes to school every day./ . :

She does not go to school every day./ .

studied did not study

:My friend studied in New York for five years./ - .

:

My friend did not study in New York for five years./ - .

-

, ,

, -

not.

She has just arrived. She has not arrived yet.He will help us tomorrow. He will not help us tomorrow.The are doctors. They are not doctors.Harry was reading a book yesterday at 5 o'clock.Harry wasn'treading a book yesterday at five o'clock.


62/320

61Grammar/Unit 11

- not ,

:nobody

nothing ,

never

no-one

nowhere

no , ( )

, never, no, , , , - ; - . , , . :

hardly , barely ,

, .

: .

. :No-one loves me.( no-

one, )

: . . --

:1. He said nothing.( nothing)2. He didnt say anything.( didnt; anything

)


63/320

62

hardly barely

.

:1. We barely know each other./ .2. I could hardly move./ . .

, , , .

,

, , -

. : . .

:

I will never say anything to anybody.( never)

, , ,

.

1. No-one doesnt know his name.

.....................................................................................................................

2. Has anybody called? No, nobody hasnt called.

.....................................................................................................................

3. The scene was shocking. I couldnt hardly move.

.....................................................................................................................

4. Your handwriting is bad. I cant understand anything.

.....................................................................................................................

5. Whats happened? Nothing has happened.

.....................................................................................................................

6. What did you see? I didnt see nothing.

.....................................................................................................................


64/320

63Grammar/Unit 12

Unit

7. I havent never been to Greece. They say its a beautiful place.

.....................................................................................................................

8. There wasnt no traffic. It took only five minutes to get there.

.....................................................................................................................9. Dont say that to anybody, OK?

.....................................................................................................................10. It was so dark, I couldnt barely see anything.

.....................................................................................................................

12 can, may,might, must, should etc.

- , .

- .

- - 3- - .

to.

can, may, might, must, could, should

:

Can she do it? Yes, she can do it./ ? , .(: she can to do)


65/320

64

May I sit here, please? / ? (: may I to sit)It might rain soon./ . (: might to rain)

He should not stay out in the cold./ -. (: should not to stay)Could you help me, please?/ ? (: could

you to help)You must tell me where he lives./ , -

. (: must to tell)

:

CAN [kn] -

. ,

(- );

(, , ) -

:

1. Can you call me tomorrow?/ ?

:

? ?

2. My uncle is so sick, he cant

walk. / , - .

.

3. I cant buy it. Its too expensive for

me./ . .

.

MAY [me]

:


66/320

65Grammar/Unit 12

1. / -

You may not smoke here. There are children in the room./ -

. . . . may can: You cant

smoke here.

2. , -

1. May I sit here, please?/ ? : ?

?2. May I have two tickets to Glasgow, please?/ ?

: ,

3. -

- . -

, may

1. You may not believe me./ , .2. He may be interested in this option./ , - .

MIGHT [mat]

, -

. may

, might -

1. There are clouds in the sky. It might rain soon./ . - .

, .2. He might not come back./ . , , -

.


67/320

66

MUST [mst]

-

1. - ; must

Everyone must be responsible for what he or she does./ - , .

2. , He worked hard all day. He must be very tired./ .

, .

COULD [kd]

can; -

1. ,

.

He could not start the car because there was something wrong with

the engine./ , - -.

2. , -

Could you tell me how to get to the railway station, please?/ - , ? ( , - ?)

SHOULD [d] , , -

1. You should be careful with food./ .

2. He shouldnt drive so fast./ .


68/320

67Grammar/Unit 12

1

.1. (................) you tell me how to get the supermarket, please?

2. Hes worked all day. He (................) be very tired.

3. The wind is up. There (................) be a storm in a couple of hours.

4. If its not too late and if youre not too tired, we (................) go for a

drive.

5. He is very smart. It (................) be easy for him to guess.

6. Youre running out of gas. You (................) stop for gas.7. My battery is low. (................) I use your phone, please?

8. The transportation system is bad here. It (................) take us a long

time to get to our destination.

9. What kind of apartment are you looking for? One bedroom or two

bedrooms? It (................) be two bedrooms. No problem.

Continuous Perfect.He cant be workingHe should have done

cant

should+ be doing

might

must

: . , :

He cant be working.

:

Wheres Jack?/ ?


69/320

68

I guess hes working in his office./ . No! He cant be working! Hes on vacation at the moment. / !

. . He cant be working -

:

Why are you here? You should be working! / ? ( ).

Whats he doing? He must be working. / ? , , . ( )

Whats he doing? I dont know. He might be working./ -? . , . ( -)

, - have done:

could

should+ have done / have been doing

might

must

:

He couldnt have been working. He was on vacation./ . .

You should have taken his telephone number. We cant contact himnow./ . .

I havent heard from Tom lately. He must have left town./ . , . It looks like they know each other. They might have met be-

fore./ , . , . No, they couldnt have met before. Its the first time they see

each other./ , . .


70/320

69Grammar/Unit 12

The roads are wet. It must have been raining all night. / . , .

Did he live here once?/ - ? I dont know much about his life. But he might have lived here,of course./ , , , .

2

, .

1. Tom is not around. He must (go) on vacation.

.....................................................................................................................

2. Liz is always on time. She couldnt (be) late for the exam yesterday.

.....................................................................................................................

3. Its quiet here. The kids must (sleep).

.....................................................................................................................

4. I ate too much. The food made me sick. You should (be) more

careful with food.

.....................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................

5. The thieves somehow got into the house. The door might (be) left

unlocked.

.....................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................

6. The sand on the beach is dry. It couldnt (rain) all night.

.....................................................................................................................

7. The police stopped me. You shouldnt (drive) so fast.

.....................................................................................................................

8. He couldnt (be married) in 1997. He he divorced his wife in 1996.

.....................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................


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70

Unit

9. Jim said that he was going to play tennis this weekend. Its Saturday.

Jim must (play) tennis now.

.....................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................

10. Theres loud music coming from upstairs. The neighbors must

(have) a party.

.....................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................

13 will, shall would. will

will

.

:

Ill try to help you./ . (Future Simple)

What will you be doing tomor-row at five oclock? / ? (FutureContinuous)

They will have finished this jobby Monday./ . (Future Perfect)

How long will he have beenworking by three oclock?/ ( , )?(Future Perfect Continuous)


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71Grammar/Unit 13

will , -

. :

1. Will you sign here, please?/ , .2. Will you please, open the window?/ , .3. Will you call me later, please?/ , .

would

would will;

,

; would to.

Would :1. :

He would buy a new house if he had enough money for that./ , .( , .

)

I would never do anything like that./ -.

would .

2. :I will never mention it again. ( )He said he would never

mention it again. ( )/ , .

3. , . -

will :

Would you sign here, please?/ , , .4. , , -

, . -

:Ten years ago I lived in a small house outside the city. There was a

fireplace in that house. Every night I would light up a fire and stare at theflames./ . . .

would () -; - used to do.


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shall

Shall . -:

1. I we : I shall,

we shall:

1. I shall think about it tomorrow./ .2. We shall overcome one day./ . ( -

We Shall Overcome) shall

, -

. shallwill I will, we will.

2. shall -

,

1. What shall I do now?/ ?2. Where shall we go?/ ?3. Shall we stay here another day?/

? shall should.

So what shall we do now? = So what should we do now?/

?3. lets

Lets go out, shall we?/ - ?

, .

1. (............) you help me to fill out the application, please?

2. (............) you, please, wait here?3. (............) we invite them to our birthday party?

4. If you were younger, I (............) definitely marry you.

5. My grandmother was a religious person. Every Sunday she

(............) get up early and go to church.

6. Lets try again, (............) we?


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73Grammar/Unit 14

Unit

14 used to do

,

, ,

used to do, ( -

) use, .

:

My parents used to live in the city center but five years ago theymoved out to the countryside. / , .

I used to smoke ten cigarettes a day but recently I cut down to onlytwo. / , .

Joe used to smoke a pack of cigarettes a day. But year ago Joe quit smoking.

used to do-

Past Simple:

I didnt use to drink coffee but now I drink tons of coffee. /

, .How many cigarettes a day did you use to smoke?/ ?

used to do -

Past Simple.

can usedto, can be able to( - ).


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74

:

I used to be able to sleep only two hours a day but I cant do it any

more. / , .

( I used to be able to sleep = I could sleep.)

, used to.

1. ,

.

.....................................................................................................................

2. ,

.

.....................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................

3. ,

.

.....................................................................................................................4. , .

.....................................................................................................................

5. ,

.

.....................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................

6. , -.

.....................................................................................................................

7. ,

.

.....................................................................................................................


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75Grammar/Unit 15

Unit

15 I want you

to do something

I want you to do

something

: , -.

,

, -

.

.

:

My wife wants me to take her to the airport. / , .

Do you want me to help you with the suitcase? / , ?Hes mad with me. He doesnt want me to call him again./ , .

The teacher wants us to be on time. / , .

What do you want me to do for you? / , ?

:

expect ,believe

1. I didnt expect him to be nice to me. But he was really nice. It wassurprising./ , . . .

2. Nobody expected it to happen./ , -.

My wife wants me to drive

her to the airport


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Unit

3. Everybody believed the man to be dead but somehow hesurvived./ , , - .

4. He doesnt believe it to be true./ , .

.

1. , ?

.....................................................................................................................2. , .

.....................................................................................................................

3. , .

.....................................................................................................................4. , .

.....................................................................................................................5. , .

.....................................................................................................................6. , ,

.

.....................................................................................................................7. , .

.....................................................................................................................

16 make, let, allowmake

make , , (- -). , make- ( ) -

to.


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77Grammar/Unit 16

:

He made me believe his words. / .They made me buy a car-insurance./ .

Jack made her apologize to him. / .

let

let () to:

1. They let me stay with them another day./ .

2. Dont let him be rude to you./ .3. Please, let me try again./ ,

.4. Let me ask you one question and Ill be gone./

, .5. Let me help you./ .6. Let me tell you something./ - .

:

let .

To let./ . ()

allow

allow , to:

1. He allowed me to use this information./ - .2. That man was very jealous. He didnt allow his wife to travel by

herself./ . .

3. I wasnt allowed to ask questions./ -.


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78

U

nit

.1. ( ).

.....................................................................................................................

2. .

.....................................................................................................................

3. .

.....................................................................................................................

4. .

.....................................................................................................................

5. , .

.....................................................................................................................

6. , .

.....................................................................................................................

7. .

.....................................................................................................................

8. .

.....................................................................................................................

9. ().

.....................................................................................................................

17 suggest, recommend,advise

suggest () - + to do; :

should + suggest + doing

suggest that...


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79Grammar/Unit 17

, : - (I suggest you to), .

:

I suggest that you take a vacation and leave town for a while. / . (:I suggest you to take a vacation)

They suggested that we stay one more day./ . ( : They suggested us to stay)

Its nice weather today. I suggest that we go out./ . . ( : I sug-

gest to go out.) It was very nice weather. He suggested going out./ . . ( : He suggestedto go out.)

:

suggest - should:

I suggest that you should get a cab. Its a long way from here. / . .

, recommend suggest , - Past Simple:1. He suggested that we called a doctor because Sarah was not feeling well. / , .2. My travel agent did not recommend that we bought a package trip becausein that case it would be a lot more expensive than an individual trip. / - , .

advise recommend -.

recommend + ing: recommend doing : recommend that I do

What do you recommend doing? = What do you recommend (that) I do?

adviseto do: advise to doMy boss advised me to buy another suit. My old one didn't look

appropriate.


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80

:

I wouldnt recommend staying in that hotel./ .He advised me to use a pain-killing drug. /

.

Im in a difficult situation. What would you advise me todo?/ . ?

.

1. .

.....................................................................................................................

2. .

.....................................................................................................................

3. .

.....................................................................................................................

4. .

.

.....................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................

5.

.

.....................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................

6. ?

.....................................................................................................................

7. , -.

.....................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................


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81Grammar/Unit 18

Unit

18 should

Should , , -

.

-

.

should .

:

You should get a cab. Its a long wayfrom here. / . .

They should be careful. This isa very fragile item./ . .

You shouldnt sleep so late. Youwaste a lot of time./

. .Your boss is a tough man. I thinkyou should find yourself another job. / . , .

You work day and night! You shouldnt work so much./ . .

, should have done should have been doing.

:

The police stopped me on my way home. I was doing 70 miles perhour. You shouldnt have been driving so fast. / . 70 . .


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82

You shouldnt have said that. It was the wrong thing to say./ . .

She shouldnt have read my e-mails. It was private./ . .You shouldnt have come here. Nobody wants to see you./

. .

I didnt sleep well last night. Im feeling tired now. You shouldhave taken some sleeping pills. / . . .

should

, should -:

1. Should you be interested in this offer, please contact us at/ -, , ,

Should you be interested if you are inter-

ested:

Should you be interested in this offer = If you are interested in this

offer

2. Should you have any questions, please contact the receptionist./ , - , -.

(c should)

.

should , -

:

Its eleven oclock. He should be here./ . . should must.

He should be here. = He must be here.


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83Grammar/Unit 18

, :

: I cant drive. I want to learn to drive. (you, take driving les-

sons) You should take some driving lessons.

1. Why was he listening to our telephone conversation? It was private.

(he, not listen) .................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................

2. It was a mistake to call him again. (I, not call) ....................................................................................................................................

3. I put on some extra pounds. (you, do physical exercises) ..

.....................................................................................................................

4. The food made me sick. (I, not eat so much) ....................

.....................................................................................................................

5. Did you lend money to him? He will not pay you back! (you, not lend

money) .....................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................

6. She didnt like what you said. It was an offence. (you, apologize)

.....................................................................................................................

7. I want to learn English well. (you, work hard) ....................

.....................................................................................................................

8. She gave me her phone number but I didnt write it down. (I, write

down her phone number) .........................................................

.....................................................................................................................

9. I didnt sleep on the plane and I feel tired now. (you, sleep on the

plane) ..........................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................

7/21/20

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Anglyskaya Grammatika Prostymi Slovami