Angel Oral Presentation HE 10'03 (1)

7/31/2019 Angel Oral Presentation HE 10'03 (1)

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Shell and Tube Heat ExchangerOctober 7, 2003

Cycle 2

Group 1AFrank Fadenholz

Jennifer FadenholzChristian Woods

Angel Taylor


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Outline

Objectives

Background

Experimental Strategy Results

Error Analysis

Conclusions Recommendations

References


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Objectives and Background


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Objectives

Operate shell and tube heat exchanger varyingsteam flow

Determine the outside overall heat transfercoefficient (Uo)

Determine shellside heat transfer (QSS)

Determine tubeside heat transfer (QTS)


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Heat Exchanger Background

Exchange heat between fluids

Latent heat and sensible heat transfer

Common to chemical process industry

Types of heat exchangersAir Cooled

Double Pipe

Spiral Plate and Tube

Shell and Tube


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Heat Exchanger Background

Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers

Account for 60% of heat exchangers in use today

Can handle large flows, low temperatures and pressures,high temperatures and pressures

Our shell and tube heat exchanger

Basco Type 500 U-tube Water Heater 1 Shell Pass 16 Tubes


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Experimental Strategy


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ST-V1

FT-01

EmergencyShutdown

Vavle

CompressedAir Steam

Hot Water Outlet

TT-04

TT-03

PG-07

Condensate

ColdWaterInlet

EmergencyShutdown

Valve ST-V3

PRV-05

PG-06 FT-02

E-01

Figure 1. Unit Operations Lab: Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger(Group 1A)

ST-V4

ST-V2

ST-V5

FV-02

TV-04

T

Should make Labels Larger


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5 Runs TotalVaried Steam Valve (TV-04) Position

105% open 75% open

65% open

60% open

52% open

Cooling water flow rate constant


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Measured Variables Condensate flow

Condensate temperature Cooling water flow

Cooling water inlet temperature

Cooling water outlet temperature


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Heat Exchanger Calculations

Heat transfer rate QTS = mCpDT

QSS = mDH + mCpDT

Overall heat transfer coefficient Uo = QSS/(Ao*DTLM)

Log mean temperature DTLM = ((Thi-Tco) (Tho Tci)) / ln[(Thi Tco) (Tho Tci)]


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Simplified Process Flow Diagram

Thi

Tho

Tci TcoQout, TSQin, TS

Qin, SS

Qout, SS


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Results


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Experimental Results

Steam Valve% Open

Heat Transfer

Rate (QTS)(btu/hr)

Heat Transfer

Rate (QSS)(btu/hr)

Overall HeatTransfer

Coefficient

(Uo)(btu/lb*F*hr)

105% 276489 275350 211

75% 250275 254588 201

65% 183357 181872 148

60% 134200 133777 112

52% 98289 93757 78


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90000

140000

190000

240000

290000

75 125 175 225 275

Condensate Mass Out(lb/hr)

HateTra

nsferRate

(btu/hr)

Q-Shellside Q-Tubeside

Steam vs. Heat Transfer Rate (QTS, QSS)


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Steam vs. Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient

50

100

150

200

250

300

50 100 150 200 250 300Condensate Mass Out (lb/hr)

HeatT

ransfer

Coefficient

(btu/lb

*F*hr)

U inside U outside


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Error Analysis


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Propagation of Error

Determine the accuracy of measured variables

Apply the propagation of error equation to each

function

21

1

2

DD

k

i

i

i

xxyy


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Variable Measurement Accuracy

Flow rate of the steam +/- 5 lb/hr

Flow rate of the cooling water +/- 50 lb/hr

Temperature readings +/- 2F

Largest sources of error Mass flow rate of the steam

Mass flow rate of the cooling water


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Calculated Error Values

QTS +/- 1,000 btu/hr

QSS +/- 50,000 btu/hr

Uo +/- 4 btu/lb F hr Ui +/- 4 to +/- 1.6 btu/lb F hr


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Propagation of Error Heat Transfer

90000

140000190000

240000

290000

340000

75 125 175 225 275Condensate Mass Out (lb/hr)

HeatTra

nsferRate

(btu/hr)

Q-tubeside Q-shellside


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Propagation of Error Heat TransferCoefficient

50

100

150

200

250

300

50 100 150 200 250 300Condensate Mass Out (lb/hr)

HeatT

ransfer

Coefficient

(btu/lb

*F*hr)

U inside U outside


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Conclusionsand

Recommendations


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Conclusions

QTS, QSS, Uo all increase as the steam flowrate increases

QTS, QSS, Uo all have a linear relationshipwith the mass flow rate of the steam

Heat transfer rate of the tube side is equalto the heat transfer rate of the shell side


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Recommendations

Operation Recommendation Operate the shell and tube heat exchanger at

approximately 75% for sufficient heat transferand economic efficiency

Experiment Recommendations Monitor pressure gauge (PG-07) at low steamrates to prevent a vacuum


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References

API Heat Transfer. Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger Picturewww.apiheattransfer.com/en/Products/HeatExchangers/ShellAndTube/

Georgia Tech. Propagation of Error.www.swiki.che.gatech.edu/CHE4200. August 2002.

Geankoplis, Christie J. Transport Processes and Unit Operations,3rd ed. Englewood Cliffs, NJ. Prentice-Hall Publishing, Inc. 1993.

Heald, C. C. Cameron Hydraulic Data. Liberty Corner, NJ. Ingersoll-Dresser Pump Co. 1998.

Peters, Timmerhaus, West. Plant Design and Economics forChemical Engineers, 5th ed. New York, NY. McGaw-Hill Co. Inc.,2003.


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Documents

Angel Oral Presentation HE 10'03 (1)