Android Final 2

8/2/2019 Android Final 2

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Introduction

to

Android


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MOBILE O.SSome of the popular operating systems used in

mobile gadgets are given below.

1. Symbian Nokia

Windows Phone

2. iOS Apple

3. Blackberry O.S Blackberry

4. Android Many Handsetmanufacturers


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WHAT IS ANDROID?

Android is a software stack for mobile

devices that includes an operating system,middleware and key applications


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GOOGLE

We want the next killer application to be written

for cell phones

- Andy Rubin, Google


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GOOGLE BUYSANDROID


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OPEN HANDSET ALLIANCE


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OPEN HANDSETALLIANCE

It's a consortium of several companies

Devoted to advancing open standards formobile devices

Develop technologies that will significantly

lower the cost of developing anddistributing mobile devices and services


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ANDROID SDK


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T-MOBILE G1

September 2008


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October 22, 2008

Retail launch


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G1 TECHNICAL SPECS

ROM 256 MB

RAM 192 MB

4.60 in x 2.16 in x 0.62 in

158 grams

3G (HSDPA)

Touch screen, HVGA 320x480

3.2 megapixel camera

Micro-SD expansion slot

GPS, compass, accelerometer


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THIRD PARTYAPPLICATIONS


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ANDROID APPLICATIONS

Multiple applications, running simultaneously

User may switch between running applications

Background services

Supports three Orientations

Has access to wi-fi, phone state, audio settings,external memory access.


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GOOGLES MASTER PLAN

Make the cloud more Accessible

Keep connectivity Pervasive

Make the client more Powerful


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GOOGLES MASTER PLAN


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DISTRIBUTING ANDROID APPS

Android Market

Self-publish on your own web site

Use a 3rd party application store


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ANDROID MARKET


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ANDROID MARKET

$25 registration fee for developers

developer receives 70% of each sale

remaining amount goes to carriers

Google does not take a percentage

http://www.android.com/market/


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MARKET GOT YOU DOWN? Market got you down?

upload APK to your own web server

http://icecondor.com/download/icecondor-2008-10-26.apk

use correct MIME type

application/vnd.android.package-archive
http://icecondor.com/download/icecondor-2008-10-26.apkhttp://icecondor.com/download/icecondor-2008-10-26.apkhttp://icecondor.com/download/icecondor-2008-10-26.apkhttp://icecondor.com/download/icecondor-2008-10-26.apkhttp://icecondor.com/download/icecondor-2008-10-26.apkhttp://icecondor.com/download/icecondor-2008-10-26.apkhttp://icecondor.com/download/icecondor-2008-10-26.apkhttp://icecondor.com/download/icecondor-2008-10-26.apkhttp://icecondor.com/download/icecondor-2008-10-26.apk


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IPHONE VS ANDROID !?


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6) COST


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STATISTICS


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STATISTICS


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ANDROID ENABLEDFRIDGE ------------>

ANDROID ENABLED

WATCH


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SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE


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LINUX KERNEL Android relies on Linux version 2.6 for core

system services, acts as a layer betweenhardware and software.

Manages the following; Security

Memory management

Process management Network stack

Driver model


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DALVIK VM

Not a Java VM

Design constraints: slow CPU, little RAM

Will run on OS without swap space

On compiling .class files will be changed to .dex format

The .dex format runs on the Dalvik platform.


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LIBRARIESA set of C/C++ libraries used by various components of the

Android system.

Some of the core libraries are listed below: System C library - an implementation of the standard C

system library (libc), tuned for embedded Linux-based devices Media Libraries - the libraries support playback and recording

of many popular audio, video and image formats . Surface Manager - manages access to the display subsystem

and seamlessly composites 2D and 3D graphic LibWebCore - a modern web browser engine which powers

both the Android browser and an embeddable web view SGL - the underlying 2D graphics engine FreeType - bitmap and vector font rendering SQLite - a powerful and lightweight relational database

engine available to all applications


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APPLICATION FRAMEWORK Activity Manager : Maintains the activities/screens of the applicationsthat are displayed

Window Manager: Co-ordinates the orientation of phone, sensors etc.

Content : Manages the data to be transferred between

Manager Activities / screens View System : Controls the various layouts, button

and UI level objects

Notification : Deals with the display of AlertBox, Toast msgs.

Manager

Telephony : Handles the process like call, sms, mms etc.Manager

Location : Uses Google Maps to access location related info

Manager


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NETWORK CONNECTIVITY

It supports wireless communications using

GSM mobile-phone technology

3G

802.11 Wi-Fi networks

Integrated Browser


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APPLICATION APISUI

android.widget.*

android.view.*

android.graphics.*

android.app.Activity etc

PhoneState

android.content.res.Configuration

android.hardware.Sensor

android.net.wifi.WifiManager

Telephony

android.telephony.TelephonyManager

android.telephony.SmsManager


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APPLICATION APIS

Web android.webkit.WebView

Cameraandroid.hardware.CameraDevice

Local database android.database.*

Mapscom.google.android.maps.MapView

Locationandroid.location.LocationManager

Multimedia android.media.MediaPlayer

*


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API LEVELS

API Level is an integer value that uniquely identifiesthe framework API revision offered by a version of theAndroid platform:

Android 2.3

(Gingerbread) 9/10

Android 2.2(Froyo)

8

Android 2.0/2.1(Eclair)

7

Android 1.6(Donut)

4

Android 1.5(Cupcake)

3


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DEVELOPMENT TOOLS

Android SDK

Eclipse plugin

Android emulator

Command line tools

Documentation

Debugging tools

Android NDK Android PDK


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ANDROID SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENTEssential for the development of applications on android environment.

Consists of the emulator, documentation, debugging tools and command line

Also requires ADT plugin for merging with eclipse.

Steps you must follow to set up the Android SDK:

Prepare your development computer and ensure it meets thesystem requirements.

Install the SDK starter package from the table above. (If you're on

Windows, download the installer for help with the initial setup.)

Install the ADT plugin for Eclipse (if you'll be developing in Eclipse).

Add Android platforms and other components to your SDK.Installers available at :

http://developer.android.com/sdk/index.html,

http://developer.android.com/sdk/eclipse-

adt.html#installing
http://developer.android.com/sdk/index.htmlhttp://developer.android.com/sdk/eclipse-adt.htmlhttp://developer.android.com/sdk/eclipse-adt.htmlhttp://developer.android.com/sdk/eclipse-adt.htmlhttp://developer.android.com/sdk/eclipse-adt.htmlhttp://developer.android.com/sdk/eclipse-adt.htmlhttp://developer.android.com/sdk/eclipse-adt.htmlhttp://developer.android.com/sdk/eclipse-adt.htmlhttp://developer.android.com/sdk/index.html


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ANDROID NATIVE DEVELOPMENTNDK is a companion tool to the Android SDK that letsyou build performance-critical portions of your apps in

native code.The NDK provides: A set of tools and build files used to generate nativecode libraries from C and C++ sources A way to embed the corresponding native librariesinto application packages files (.apks) that can bedeployed on Android devices A set of native system headers and libraries that willbe supported in all future releases of the Android

platform.Some of the needed Android source code packagesavailable in http://android.git.kernel.org/ are:1) Android.platform.bionic,2) Android.platform.build,

3) Android.platform.system.core, and


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ANDROID PLATFORM DEVELOPMENT Designed for platform developers and manufacturers building

Android-powered devices. Manages the porting of android operating system into a device

that matches requirements

Allows the developer to alter based on their device

Following are the main steps for porting Android:

Download the patches for Android

Update RIL (Radio Interface Library) for target platform

Update Board specific components such as Codec, Camera,

Audio, Wifi, Power Management, Bluetooth etc. Compile Android source code

Burn system image on Target platform


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ANDROID DEBUG BRIDGEA versatile tool lets you manage the state of an emulator instance or

Android-powered device.

It is a client-server program that includes three components:

A client, which runs on your development machine. You can invoke

a client from a shell by issuing an adb command.

A server, which runs as a background process on your development

machine. The server manages communication between the client and the

adb daemon running on an emulator or device.

A daemon, which runs as a background process on each emulator or

device instance.


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ADB COMMANDSadb push /system/app/ ----------put in system folder

adb devices ----lists which devices are currently attached to your computer

adb install lets you install an Android application on your phone

adb remount Remounts your system in write mode this lets you alter system files on

your phone using ADB

adb push lets you upload files to your phones

filesystem

adb pull lets you download files off your phones

filesystem

adb logcat starts dumping log from the console to a local file useful for debugging apps

adb shell drops you into a basic linux command shell on

your phone with no parameters, or lets you run commands directly

adb devices lists which devices are currently attached to your computer


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ANDROID EMULATOR


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EMULATOR LIMITATIONS

No support for placing or receiving actual phonecalls

No support for camera/video capture (input)

No support for determining battery charge level

Emulator limitations

No support for Bluetooth


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DEBUGGING TOOLSAndroid Debug Bridge

A versatile tool lets you manage the state of an emulatorinstance or Android-powered device.

android

Lets you manage AVDs, projects, and the installedcomponents of the SDK.

dmtracedumpGenerates graphical call-stack diagrams from trace logfiles. The tool uses the Graphviz Dot utility to create thegraphical output, so you need to install Graphviz beforerunning dmtracedump. For more information on

using dmtracedump.layoutopt

Lets you quickly analyze your application's layouts inorder to optimize them for efficiency.


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DEBUGGING TOOLSlogcat

Lets you read system log messages that are output on anAndroid device or emulator.

mksdcard

Helps you create a disk image that you can use with theemulator, to simulate the presence of an external storage card(such as an SD card).

Monkey

Runs on your emulator or device and generates pseudo-random streams of user events such as clicks, touches, orgestures, as well as a number of system-level events. You can

use the Monkey to stress-test applications that you aredeveloping, in a random yet repeatable manner.

sqlite3

Lets you access the SQLite data files created and used byAndroid

applications.


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COMPONENT MODELWhile each application runs as its own UNIX uid, sharing

can occur through application-level interactions

Interactions based on components

Different component types :

Activity

Service Content Provider

Broadcast Receiver


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ACTIVITY Each Activity is a screen. User actions tell an Activity to start

another Activity, possibly with theexpectation of a result.

The target Activity is not necessarily in

the same application. Processing stops when another

Activity ison top.

However, activities can also be

faceless One activity is designated as the entry

point for your application Building block of an activity is View


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ACTIVITY LIFE CYCLE


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SERVICE COMPONENTBackground processing occurs in Service components.

Downloading a file, playing music, tracking location, polling, etc.

Local vs. Remote Services (process-level distinction)

Also provides a service interface between applications

Android Interface Definition Language (AIDL)

Register callback methods

Core functionality often implemented as Service components

e.g., Location API, Alarm service


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CONTENT PROVIDER COMPONENT Content Provider components provide a standardized interfacefor sharing data, i.e., content (between applications).

Models content in a relational DB

Users of Content Providers can perform queries equivalent to

SELECT, UPDATE, INSERT, DELETE

Works well when content is tabular

Also works as means of addressing files


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BROADCAST RECEIVER COMPONENT Broadcast Receiver components act as specialized event Intent

handlers (also think of as a message mailbox).

Broadcast Receiver components subscribeto specific action strings

(possibly multiple)

action strings are defined by the system or developer

component is automatically called by the system

Recall that Android provides automatic Activity resolution using

action strings.

The action string was assigned to an Intent objectSender can specify component recipient (no action string)


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ANDROID MANIFEST

Manifest files are the technique for describing the contentsof an applicationpackage (i.e., resource file)

Each Android application has a special AndroidManifest.xml

file (included in the .apk package)

describes the contained components

components cannot execute unless they are listed

specifies rules for auto-resolution

specifies access rulesdescribes runtime dependencies

optional runtime libraries

required system permissions


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ANDROID MANIFEST


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EXAMPLE APPLICATIONS


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APK & PROJECT STRUCTURE An .apk file extension denotes

an Android Package (APK) file.

A variant of the JAR format, is used for thedistribution and installation of bundled

components onto the Android mobile device

platform.

An APK file is an archive that usually

contains the following folders:

META-INF

res

and files:AndroidManifest.xml

classes.dex

resources.arsc


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IMPLEMENTING

APPLICATION UI

Java code

Dynamic creation of UI

e.g:

AlertDialog.Builder alt_bld = new AlertDialog.Builder(this);

ImageButton imgBtn = new ImageButton(this);

LinearLayout holder = new LinearLayout(this);

holder.addView(imgBtn);

alt_bld.setView(holder);

alt_bld.show()

XMLUI creation before the creation of apk

ANDROID UI XML


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ANDROID UI: XML

ANDROID UI: VIEWS


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ANDROID UI: VIEWS

An object that knows how to draw itself onthe screen

Examples;

android.widget.ListViewandroid.widget.DatePickerandroid.widget.Buttonandroid.widget.ImageViewandroid.view.LinearLayout

L t


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Lets say

Bye for now

World!!


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The End

ThankYou

Documents

Android Final 2