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8/11/2019 Android by Rohi
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ANDROID
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BY
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Outline
Introduction
• What is Android?
•History
•Open Handset Alliance
•Android Features
Versions
What is kernel in Android
Android Architecture
Current Distribution
Future of Android
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Open, free software platform for mobile devices with a complete software stack
• Operating system
• Middleware
• Key mobile applications
What is Android?
Made available as open source via the Apache v2 license
• Industry can add proprietary functionality to their products without giving
anything back to the platform
• Companies can remove functionality if they choose
Based on Linux operating system
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History
August 2005
Google acquired Android Inc.
5 Nov 2007
Open HandSet Alliance formed-
12 Nov 2007
OHA released a preview of there first product ANDROID
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Open Handset Allaince
Group of more that 30 technology and mobile companies developing Android
Open Handset Alliance
Goal
Making the vision a reality
Innovating in the openBuilding a better phone for consumers
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Members of the Alliance Mobile Operators
Semiconductor Companies
Handset Manufacturers
Open Handset Alliance
Software Companies
Commercialization
Companies
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Software Features Supported
Integrated browser based on the open source WebKit engine
SQLite for relational data storage
Media support for common audio, video, and still image formats(MPEG4, H.264,
MP3, AAC, AMR, JPG, PNG, GIF)
Dalvik Virtual Machine optimized for mobile devices
Android Features
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Hardware Features Supported
Cellular networking : GSM, EDGE, 3G (hardware dependent)
LAN : Bluetooth, and Wi-Fi (hardware dependent)
Graphics Hardware Acceleration
Camera, GPS and Compass(hardwaredependent)
Touch screen and accelerometer for motion sensing
Android Features
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Versions
Android 1.0
Features
-The first Android device which runs on Android 1.0 is HTC
Dream (G1).
-Multitasking, instant messaging, GPS, Wi-Fi and
bluetooth.-Camera Support .
-Notification alert in thestatusbar.
Updates
Android 1.1
-show/hide dial pad.
- Ability to save attachments in
messages.
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Versions
• Android 1.5 Cupcake)
Features
– support for soft (on‐screen)
keyboards– video recording
-Advanced photo gallery
- Universal search box
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• Android 1.6 Donut)
Features
- a number of minor changes
-high‐
and low ‐
density displays- Voice Search
-Direct upload to YouTube and Picasa
-Battery usage indicator
- Stereo Bluetooth
Versions
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• Android 2.0 Eclair)
Features
– multi‐touch
- Multiple accounts for email and contact
synchronization
-Improved Google Maps 3.1.2
– HTML5, and more
Updates
• Android 2.1.1 Eclair Maintenance Release
1)
– live wallpapers
– more HTML5 support
– other minor improvements
Versions
• Android
2.1.2
Eclair
Maintenance Release 2)
- minor improvement
- Home screen enhancements
-live wallpapers and widgets
Android 2.1.3 Eclair Maintenance
Release 3)
-This update consisted of two security patches
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Versions
Android 2.3 Gingerbread)
Features
- Native support for more sensors
- New keyboard for faster text input
- One-touch word selection and copy/paste- Improved power management
- New Download Manager, Internet Calling
Updates
Android 2.3.3
- Included several improvements
Android 2.3.4
- Support for voice/video chat using Google Talk
Android 2.3.5 - Camera software enhancements
- Improved battery efficiency
Android 2.3.6
- Fixed a voice search bug
Android 2.3.7
- Introduced Google Wallet support.
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Versions
Android 3.0 Honeycomb)
Features
-Bluetooth tethering
-Specifically optimized for tablets and devices with
larger screen sizes..
-Refined multitasking, rich notifications, home
screen customization, widgets, Redesigned keyboard
Updates
Android 3.1
- Connectivity for USB accessories
- Expanded Recent Apps list
- High-performance Wi-Fi lock,
Android 3.2
- Improved hardware support- Increased ability of apps to access files on the
SD card
- Compatibility display mode for apps
Android 3.2.1
- Stability and Wi-Fi improvements
- Improved Adobe Flash support
Android 3.2.2
- Included bug fixes and minor improvements
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Versions
Android 4.0 Ice-cream sandwich)
Features
-Increase in speed and performance
-New gallery layout
-Face Unlock : New feature that allows users tounlock handsets using facial identification software
-Pinch-to-zoom functionality
Updates
Android 4.0.2
- Fixed minor bugs on the Verizon Galaxy Nexus
Android 4.0.3
- Bug fixes and optimizations
- Bluetooth functionality
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Versions
Android 4.1 Jelly Bean)
- A smarter keyboard
- Android Beam
- Widgets work like magic.
- Fast & smooth
- Calendar is more buttery
- Offline voice typing
AND MANY MORE…
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• A kernel is something which acts as a communication link between the device’s
software and hardware.
• Android devices uses a Linux based kernel
•It is the kernel which controls the passage of instructions between software and
hardware.
•Kernel provides support at areas like process management, memory management and
file management
What is a Kernel in Android?
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INTRODUCTION
TO PLATFORM:
ANDROID
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Architecture Of Android
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• Linux Kernel 2.6
• Abstraction layer between the hardware and software stack
• Why Linux?
– Proven driver model and has existing drivers
– Has memory management, security management, networking, core operating
system infrastructure, etc.
– Robust and already has been proven over time
21
Linux Kernel
ndroid rchitecture
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• Written in C and C++
• The core power of the Android platform
Libraries
ndroid rchitecture
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Responsible for composing different drawing surfaces(ex: diff. windows/applications/process all drawing at the
same time) to the screen
Make up the core of the graphics library.
-OpenGL (3D graphics engine)
-SGL (2D graphics engine)
Can combine 3D and 2D graphics in the same application
Libraries
ndroid rchitecture
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Provided by PacketVideo OpenCoreSupport for: MPEG4, H.264, MP3, AAC, AMR, JPG, and PNG
Bitmap and Vector font rendering
Libraries
ndroid rchitecture
Secure Sockets Layer Protocol for transmitting private documents
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A powerful lightweight relational database engine
An open source browser engine.Used as the core of the browser which is
the same browser powering Safari.
Libraries
ndroid rchitecture
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Android Runtime
ndroid rchitecture
•
Main Component: Dalvik Virtual Machine – Optimized for running in an embedded environment (limited memory,
CPU,battery)
– Runs .dex files (bytecodes)
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.class
.jar files
Optimized!
More efficient!
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•
Core Library – Contains all the collection classes, utilities, IO, etc.
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Android Runtime
ndroid rchitecture
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• Toolkit that all applications (core, by Google, you:)...)
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* XMPP: Extensible Messaging and PresenceProtocol
An open XML technology for real-time
communication(instant messaging, shared
editing, etc)
All written using the
Java Programming
Language
Application Framework
ndroid rchitecture
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Manages the lifecycle of applications and provides a common navigation backstack
Keeps track what applications are installed in device
Manages Windows
Contains APIs used to build the phone application
Application Framework
ndroid rchitecture
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Used to store localized strings bitmaps layout file descriptions etc.
Contains all building blocks of the UI
Provides support for location-based services*
* Support depends on the underlying device
Allows applications to share data with other applications (ex: contact info is available to others
Application Framework
ndroid rchitecture
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Handles notification of users about events that happen
Examples of notification forms: persistent icon in the status bar,
vibrating, playing sound, etc.)
Allows applications to communicate between devices through
GtalkService
.GtalkService
maintains a persistent socket
connection, therefore the response time is faster than SMS.
Application Framework
ndroid rchitecture
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• Core Applications
– Email client – SMS program
– Calendar
– Maps
– Browser
– Contacts
– etc
All applications are
written using the
Java Programming
Language
Applications
ndroid rchitecture
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The following pie chart and table is based on the
number of Android devices that have accessed
Google Play within a 14-day period ending on the
data collection date noted below.
Current Distribution
ndroid
Data co llected duri ng a 14-day perio d endin g on Oc tober 1, 2012
Version Codename Distribution
1.5 Cupcake 0.1%
1.6 Donut 0.4%
2.1 Eclair 3.4%
2.2 Froyo 12.9%
2.3 - 2.3.2
Gingerbread
0.3%
2.3.3 - 2.3.7 55.5%
3.1
Honeycomb
0.4%
3.2 1.5%
4.0.3 - 4.0.4 Ice Cream
Sandwich 23.7%
4.1 Jelly Bean 1.8%
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Future of Android
ndroid
It is not fixed that which vesion is Key
lime pie of Android.
Android 4.2 or it will be Android 5.0
It is being used in my applainces and
there are many patient concepts powerd by
Android.
Lets wait and see…..
Key Lime Pie
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Future of Android
ndroid
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Future of Android
ndroid
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Future of Android
ndroid
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Future of Android
ndroid
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Future of Android
ndroid
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Future of Android
ndroid
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Future of Android
ndroid
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Future of Android
ndroid
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Reference
ndroid
https://www.google.co.in
http://en.wikipedia.org
http://www.cultofandroid.com
http://extratorrent.com
http://www.android.com
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Conclusion
ndroid
Android is open to all: industry, developers and users.
Participating in many of the successful open source projects.
Aims to be aseasy
to build for as theweb
.
Google Android is stepping into the next level of Mobile Internet.
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Question and Answers
ndroid
Any questions?
www.google.com
\(^_^)/\õ/But you are excused