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Android is an Operating System for mobile phones based on Linux kernel developed by Google which aims to provide a rich experience for mobile phone users.
The Beginning of Android:
in 2005, Google bought Android, Inc., a teeny tiny startup company
In 2006, rumors surfaced of Google's entry into the cell phone market
Open Handset Alliance (OHA)The Android platform is the product of the Open Handset Alliance, a group of organizations collaborating led by Google (Google, HTC, Motorola, Samsung, Intel, Qualcomm, Sprint Nextel, T-Mobile, and NVIDIA) to build a better mobile phone.
On the 5th of November in 2007 OHA has announced Android to public.
On the 12th of November Google released an early look of Android SDK
On October 2008 the Android platform is made available under one of the most progressive, developer-friendly open-source licenses (Apache License ).
Going to the OpenSource world. By providing developers a new level of openness that enables them to work more collaboratively, Android accelerated the pace at which new and compelling mobile services are made available to consumers.
Kernel:- Linux Version 2.6.x for core system services
- Android uses only “Kernel” portion in Linux
Core Libraries- Provides the functionality of the JAVAProgramming Language- Android Application runs in its own process, withits own instance of the Dalvik virtual machine- Dalvik VM: Java based license free VM
•Register based VM, optimization for lowmemory requirements•Executes files in the Dalvik Executable (.dex)format•DX tool converts classes to .dex format
Core Libraries: Libc: c standard lib.SSL: Secure Socket LayerSGL: 2D image engineOpenGL|ES: 3D image engineMedia Framework: Core part of Android multi-mediaSQLite: Embedded databaseWebKit: Kernel of web browserFreeType: Bitmap and VectorSufrace Manager: Manage difference windows fordifferent applications
Applications Framework:
The applications framework layer has many framework standards for developing applications
Statistics
• Android.jar Java archive file containing all of the Android SDK classes necessary tobuild your application.
• Documention.html and docs directory The SDK documentation is providedlocally and on the Web. It's largely in the form of JavaDocs, making it easy tonavigate the many packages in the SDK. The documentation also includes a high-level Development Guide and links to the broader Android community.
• Samples directory The samples subdirectory contains full source code for avariety of applications, including Api Demo, which exercises many APIs. Thesample application is a great place to explore when starting Android applicationDevelopment.
• Tools directory Contains all of the command-line tools to build Androidapplications. The most commonly employed and useful tool is the adb utility(Android Debug Bridge).
• Usb_driver Directory containing the necessary drivers to connect thedevelopment environment to an Android-enabled device, such as the G1 or theAndroid Dev 1 unlocked development phone. These files are only required fordevelopers using the Windows platform
• Emulator– Android applications maybe run on a real device or on theAndroid Emulator, which ships with the Android SDK.
• ADB (Android Debug Bridge)– The ADB utility lets you connect to the phone itself and issue rudimentary shell commands, such as copying files to and from the device.
Eclipse IDE with ADT plugin, rich development environment for developing Android applications
Download and Install Android SDK
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Create new Android Virtual Device ( AVD )
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Create new Android Virtual Device ( AVD )
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Create new project
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Create new project
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Project Files
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Coding:Programming UI in code
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Coding:
UI inside XML
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Coding:
UI inside XML
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Running and Testing
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Running and Testing
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• Benefits
- Open Platform/License Free- Robust OS Kernel, Innovative Library Packages- Ease App. Development- Rapid Improvement
• Challenges– Performance Consideration– Hard to Integrate for Vendors– Too Much Google Dependent
• Key Factor: Market Response
