Android Mobile Application

Development

Assistant Lecturer Mustafa Ghanem Saeed

Cihan University - Sulaimaniyah Computer science Department

IntroductionIn to Android

What is Android?

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• Android is an open source and Linux-based Operating System for mobile devices such as smartphones and tablet computers. Android was developed by the Open Handset Alliance, led by Google, and other companies.

• Android offers a unified approach to application development for mobile devices which means developers need only develop for Android, and their applications should be able to run on different devices powered by Android.

Open Handset Alliance (OHA) included several companies

Why Android ?

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What is A Features of Android?

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Feature Description

Beautiful UI Android OS basic screen provides a beautiful and intuitive user interface.

Connectivity GSM/EDGE, IDEN, CDMA, EV-DO, UMTS, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, LTE, NFC and WiMAX.

Storage SQLite, a lightweight relational database, is used for data storage purposes.

Media supportH.263, H.264, MPEG-4 SP, AMR, AMR-WB, AAC, HE-AAC, AAC 5.1, MP3, MIDI, Ogg Vorbis, WAV, JPEG, PNG, GIF, and BMP

Messaging SMS and MMS

Wi-Fi DirectA technology that lets apps discover and pair directly, over a high-bandwidth peer-to-peer connection.

Android BeamA popular NFC-based technology that lets users instantly share, just by touching two NFC-enabled phones together.

Features of Android Con

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Web browserBased on the open-source WebKit layout engine, coupled with Chrome's V8 JavaScript engine supporting HTML5 and CSS3.

Multi-touchAndroid has native support for multi-touch which was initially made available in handsets such as the HTC Hero.

Multi-taskingUser can jump from one task to another and same time various application can run simultaneously.

Resizable widgets Widgets are resizable, so users can expand them to show more content or shrink them to save space

Multi-Language Supports single direction and bi-directional text.

GCMGoogle Cloud Messaging (GCM) is a service that lets developers send short message data to their users on Android devices, without needing a proprietary sync solution.

Android Applications

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• Once developed, Android applications can be packaged easily and sold out either through a store such as Google Play, SlideME, Opera Mobile Store, Mobango,F-droid and the Amazon Appstore.

History of Android

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What is API level?

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• API Level is an integer value that uniquely identifies the framework API revision offered by a version of the Android platform. The Android platform provides a framework API that applications can use to interact with the underlying Android system. The framework API consists of: A core set of packages and classes.

developer.android.com/guide/topics/manifest/uses-sdk-element.html

Features of Android

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Code name Version number Initial release date API level

1.0 September 23, 2008 1

1.1 February 9, 2009 2Cupcake 1.5 April 27, 2009 3Donut 1.6 September 15,

2009 4Eclair 2.0–2.1 October 26, 2009 5–7Froyo 2.2–2.2.3 May 20, 2010 8

Gingerbread 2.3–2.3.7 December 6, 2010 9–10Honeycomb[ ]a 3.0–3.2.6 February 22, 2011 11–13 Ice Cream Sandwich 4.0–4.0.4 October 18, 2011 14–15

Jelly Bean 4.1–4.3.1 July 9, 2012 16–18

KitKat 4.4–4.4.4 ,4.4W–4.4W.2 October 31, 2013 19–20

Lollipop 5.0–5.1.1 November 12, 2014 21–22Marshmallow 6.0–6.0.1 October 5, 2015 23

N Developer Preview 1

Global Android version distribution since December 2009. As of February

2016

11By Erikrespo - Android Developer

Dashboard

], Android 4.4 "KitKat" is the single most widely used Android version, operating on 35.5% of all Android devices accessing Google Play. The second are different Android "Lollipop" versions (5.0–5.1.1), with a combined share of 34.1%.[1]

Android Architecture

12http://www.javatpoint.com/android-software-

stack

Android Compiler Stage

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The compiling and packaging process from the source file:

The Android SDK?

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Android Emulator

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• Android Emulator is used to run, debug and test the android application. If you don't have the real device, it can be the best way to run, debug and test the application.

• It uses an open source processor emulator technology called QEMU.

Application Components

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• Application components are the essential building blocks of an Android application. These components are loosely coupled by the application manifest file AndroidManifest.xml that describes each component of the application and how they interact.

What are the main components of

Android? Components Description

Activities They dictate the UI and handle the user interaction to the smart phone screen

Services They handle background processing associated with an application.

Broadcast ReceiversThey handle communication between Android OS and applications.

Content Providers They handle data and database management issues.

17http://www.tutorialspoint.com/android/android_application_components.htm

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Additional Components

There are additional components which will be used in the construction of above mentioned entities, their logic, and wiring between them. These components are −

Activity life cycle

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Activity life cycle interactive

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Slide 21

Questions? Discussion?