The Story of F

rancis James P

olkinghorne Pascoe

and Maria H

usbands

Industrializing a Frontier SettlementThe Story of Francis James Polkinghorne Pascoe

andMaria Husbands

OF

Cornwall, England 1829-1835Bristol, England 1836-1845London, England 1845-1859Salt Lake City, Utah 1860-1903

By

Leonard E. OldsSandy, Utah

Industrializing a Frontier Settlement

The Story of Francis James Polkinghorne Pascoeand

Maria Husbands

of

Cornwall, England 1829-1835Bristol, England 1836-1845London, England 1845-1859Salt Lake City, Utah 1860-1903

by

Leonard E. OldsSandy, Utah

Copyright Leonard E. Olds, 2008

Cornwall Coast Line

19th Century Downtown London

i

Contents

Page

1. A London Romance by William H. Oblad Sr. 1 2. Important Time Events in the Life of Francis and Maria 3 3. Cornwall 5 4. Francis’ Story 7 5. East End of London 16 6. Maria’s Story 21 7. Francis James Polkingorn Pascoe and Maria Husbands in London 22 8. The Pascoe/Husbands Families Join the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints 28 9. Preparation for Immigration to America 2910. The Road to Zion for the Pascoe and Husbands Families Includes an Ocean Voyage

a. Margaret Husband’s Family Lead the Way 33b. Francis and Maria’s Trip to Zion 35

11. The Pascoe Family’s Early Days in Great Salt Lake City 3712. Francis and Maria’s Salt Lake Story By the Years

1860: Settling In; The Warm Springs Area 411861-1863: White Lead; Lime Kilns; Ore Discoveries; Salt Lake Theater 431864-1865: Warm Springs Expansion; Mining and Metallurgical Consulting 491866-1870: Precious Metal Smelting; Montana Mine; Perpetual Lime Kilns 511871-1875: Improving the Environment; the Pascoe Mansion; A & M Society 541876-1884: Parades, Fairs, & Recreation; Sale of Warm Springs Complex 601885-1890: The Waterman Smelter 631891-1895: Maria’s Death; the Silver Panic; Expansion into Idaho 671896-1903: The Twilight Years 69

13. Life After Francis and Maria 72

Epilogue 78

Appendices

A: Family Photographs 79

B: Newspaper Clippings: Deseret News, Salt Lake Tribune, Salt Lake Herald,Salt Lake Mining Review. Ogden Standard Examiner 85

C: Documents and Letters 101

D: Four Generational Descendents of Francis and Maria 117

E: Pascoe, Polkinghorne, and Husbands Family Group Sheets 141

F: Ancestors of Francis James Polkinghorn Pascoe and Maria Husbands 163

Index 171

Industrializing a Frontier SettlementThe Story of Francis James Polkinghorn Pascoe

andMaria Husbands

ii

Figures

Figs 0: Cornwall Coast Line Front end sheetFig 00: Downtown London, 1850 Front end sheetFig 000: The Pascoe Coat of Arms viFig 1. St. Leonards Shoreditch Church, London 2Fig 2. Depiction of Francis and Maria on their wedding day, London 3Fig 3. Tuckingmill and the valley of the Red River in Camborne 6Fig 4. Towns and Railroads in the Kelston-Bristol Area of Somerset, England 1831-1874 7Fig 5. Twin furnace chimney of the Kelston Brass mill on the Avon River 8Fig 6. Map Showing Locations of Cornish Parishes of Importance to F. J. P. Pascoe 9Fig 7: Lavinia and Sibella Pascoe and daughter Lavinia, abt 1868 14Fig 8. Western end of Henage St, Whitechapel, London 16Fig 8a. Eastern end of Henage St. 16Fig 9. Pub located at 2 Henage St. 16Fig 10. Typical 19th Century London East End Street 17Fig 11. 19th Century Poverty and Wealth in London’s East End 17Fig 12. Spitalfield’s Open Cattle Slaughtering Yard 17Fig 13. Typical 19th Cnetury London Rush Hour 17Fig 14: A Modern-day Map of East London Boroughs and Districts 18Fig 15: 19th Century Map of Shoreditch Parish 19Fig 16: An early map of the Middlesex County 20Fig 17: East London Poverty 20Fig 18: Queen Sq, Finsbury 23Fig 19: Old Montague Street, Shoreditch. 23Fig 20: Heneage Street, Shoreditch 23Figs 21-22: Francis Adophus’ Birthplace, 1 Chatham Place Locksfields 23Fig 23: Francis and Maria lived at Greenwalk St., Southwark in 1851 23Fig 24: 20 Zoar St, St. Savior Parish, Southwark 23Fig 25: 94 Great Guildford, St. Savior Parish, Newington, Southwark 23Fig 26: 15 Yeoman Street, Rotherhite, Surrey, 23Fig 27: 1 Holybush Gardens, Bethnal Green 23Fig 28: London Map Showing Locations of Homes and Facilities Important to the Pascoe’s 24Fig 30: Prince Albert’s 1851 Crystal Palace, London, 1851 26Fig 31. Stage Scene in Hoxton Britannia Theater in 1858 27Fig 32: Francis’ 1853 Business Card in Southwark 27Fig 33: Francis’ 1859 Business Card in Bethnal Green 27Fig 34: Whitechapel Ward Members in 2000 28Fig 35: Whitechapel Ward’s 3rd Anniversary Cake, 2000 28Fig 36: Whitechapel Rd Market in 1999 29Fig 37: Exchanging Canon Fire in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870 32Fig 38: Painting of Immigrants arriving at Castle Gardens, New York 34Fig 39: Steamship SS Vanderbilt Underway, Southampton to New York, 1860 36Fig 40: Picture of an 1860 Vintage Train 36Fig 41: A Typical Oxcart on it’s Way to Zion. 36Fig 42: The Mormon Trail taken by the Pascoe Family, July 19 to October 2, 1860 37Fig 43: Intersection of North Temple and West Temple Streets in 1893. 38Fig 44: 1870 Plat of Salt Lake City 40Fig 45: The Geological Formation of the Hot Springs along the Wasatch Front. 41Fig 46: Plaque at Warm Springs Nature Walk, 2009 42Fig 47: West Temple Street Going North from North Temple Street in 1867 42Fig 48: Artist’s Sketch of Salt Lake City from the Warm Springs Area, 1869 43Fig 49: Warm Springs Limestone Quarry 44Fig 50: Lime Kilns Used for Burning Lime on a Batch Basis 44Fig 51: Francis’ 1863 Business Card 45Fig 52: Early photograph of Unexcavated Upper Galena Gulch 46Fig 53: Bingham Canyon Before Being Excavated by the Kennicott Open Pit Mine 46Fig 54: The Modern Salt Lake Jordan Valley Area From Salt Lake City to Draper, 2009 46Fig 55: A Typical Ute Indian Family 48Fig 56 The Salt Lake Theater in 1872 48Fig 57: Inside the Salt Lake Theater 48Fig 58: Francis as Dr. Lovejoy 49Fig 59: Leah as Juliet 49Fig 60: The partially completed Salt Lake Tabernacle. 1866 49Fig 61: Beck’s Hot Springs, About 1885 50Fig 62: Leah Pascoe Olds’ Treasure Hill Mine Stock Certificate. 51Fig 63: The 1908 Yampa Smelter in Bingham 52Fig 64: An 1899 Map of Railroads Servicing the Salt Lake City area. 52Fig 65: Francis’ 1870 Business Card Advertising his “Perpetual Lime Kilns 53Fig 66: Future 1890 Salt Lake Literary and Scientific Association 55

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Fig 67: Francis’ 1873 Certificate of Membership in the Deseret Agricul. and Mfg. Society 56Fig 68: The Pascoe Mansion in 1883. 57Fig 69: Remodled Pascoe Mansion in abt 1888 57Fig 70: Francis’ Sept. 19, 1883 Ad Offering to sell the Warm Springs Industrial Complex. 61Fig 71: Francis’ 1888 Territorial Fair Membership Card 61Fig 72: Francis’ 1890 Territorial Fair Membership Card 61Fig 73: Francis J. P. Pascoe 1880 24th of July Parade Float 62Fig 74: The Waterman Smelter in Stockton, Utah, 1885 64Fig 75: Memorial Plaque for Lorenzo Pascoe with Lavinia Pascoe’s poems 65Fig 76: Memorial Plaque for Maria Pascoe, 1891 68Fig 77: Francis and Maria’s Tombstone, 2009 71Fig 78: Francis and Maria Pascoe’s Children Attending Their Father’s Funeral, 1903 72Fig 79: Frank at 53 years 72Fig 80: Brittania Memorial Plaque: died at 31 years in 1882 73Fig 81: Henry at 50 years 73Fig 82: Julia at 48 years 73Fig 83: Lorenzo Memorial Plaque: died at 31 years in 1888 73Fig 84: Eliza at 44 years 73Fig 85 Leah at 42 years 74Fig 86: Edward at 40 years 74Fig 87: Bethulia at 25 years (38 in 1903) 74Fig 88: William at 35 years 74Fig 89: Charles Anthony Memorial Plaque: died at 3 years in 1873 74Fig 90: Lavinia at 31 years 75Fig 91: May at 28 years 75Figs 92-97: Francis James Polkinghorn Pascoe from 31 to 71 years old 80Figs 98-101 Margaret Maria Husbands Pascoe from 30 to 60 years old 80Fig 101a: Harriet Husbands Bellat 58 80Fig 102: Four Generations of Pascoes 80Figs 103-104: Francis J. P. Pascoe Jr and Hilda Essen 80Fig 105: Henry Pascoe at 24 years and Mary Lyon Pascoe at 18 years 81Fig 106: Harry Pascoe at 5 years 81Fig 107: Harry Pascoe at 30 years 81Fig 108: Julia Pascoe at 16 years 81Figs 109-110: Julia Pascoe Langdon at 48 and 55 years 81Fig 111: Eliza Louisa Pascoe at 44 81Fig 112: Leah and Eliza Pascoe in Romeo and Juliet 81Fig 113-115: Leah Sibella Pascoe Olds at 42, 61, and 88 years 81Fig 116: Leah’s Home in Butte, Montana 82Figs 117-118: Bethulia (True) Pascoe Glassman Reger at 19 and 25 years 82Fig 119: Edward Pascoe at 30 years and Alice Yearsley Pascoe at 28 years 82Fig 120: Edward Pascoe at 40 years 82Fig 121: William Richard Pascoe at 38 years 83Fig 122: William Pascoe’s Children in 1947 83Fig 123: William Thomas Pascoe Family Reunion, Nampa, Idaho 83Figs 124-127: Lavinia Gertrude Pascoe Oblad from 20 to 60 years old 83Fig 128: William Hans Oblad Sr at 31 years 84Fig 129: Ephraim Tobias Oblad at 28 years 84Fig 130: Emily May Pascoe Oblad at 18 years 84Fig 131: The May Oblad Girls 84Fig 132: The May Oblad Family 84Fig 133: May’s Family Visits Bill Oblad 84Fig 134: Salt Lake Reunion, Bill Oblad, Eph and May Oblad, and Leah Olds 84Fig 135: Dr. Lovejoy (enlarged) 106Fig D-0: Francis and Maria’s Family Group Sheet with Photos 118Fig F-2: Eight Generation Circular Pedigree Chart 168Fig 136 The Midvale Smelter Back end sheet

Fig 137: Modern Salt Lake Valley, 2006 Back end sheet

iv

Tables

Table 1. Historic Time Events in the Lives of Francis J. P. Pascoe and Maria Husbands 4Table 2. Chronological Ages of Henry Pascoe’s Wives and Children 14Table 3: Chronological ages of Thomas Husbands family 22Table 4: Locations of Important London Events for Francis and Maria Pascoe 25Table 5: Age and Residence Chronology for Francis and Maria’s Family in London 26Table 6: Journey to Zion for the Pascoe/Husbands Families 33Table 7: The Pascoe Children’s Ages in Their First Ten Years in the Valley 39Table 8: The Pascoe Children’s Ages in Their Second Ten Years in the Valley 39Table 9: The Pascoe Children’s Ages in Their Third Ten Years in the Valley 39Table D-1: Francis Adolphus Pascoe’s Family 125Table D-2: Britannia Maria Pascoe’s Family 125Table D-3: Henry Thomas Pascoe’s Family 126Table D-4: Julia Clara Pascoe’s Family 128Table D-5: Lorenzo James Pascoe 128Table D-6: Eliza Louisa Pascoe’s Family 128Table D-7: Leah Sibella Pascoe’s Family 129Table D-8: Edward Albert Pascoe’s Family 130Table D-9: Bethulia Ann Pascoe’s Family 132Table D-10: William Richard Pascoe’s Family 132Table D-11: Charles Anthony Pascoe 134Table D-12: Lavionia Gertrude Pascoe’s Family 135Table D-13: Emily May Pascoe’s Family 137Table E-1: Henry Pascoe’s Families 142Table E-2: Henry Pascoe and Ann Thomas Family Group Sheet 149

Table E-2: Henry Polkinghorn and Elizabeth Pope’s Family 150Table E-3: Thomas(1) Husbands and Margaret Maria Weaght Family 154Table E-4: Thoms(2) Husbands and Sarah Wanstall Family 158Table F-1: Francis and Maria Pascoe’s Ancestry Chart 164

v

Preface

In 1860 Salt Lake City was still very much of a frontier town. With a population of some 40,000 individuals locatedthousands of miles from any type of manufacturing center, these hardy pioneers were desperately trying to improvisehome made manufacturing businesses with little success. Failures in their attempts to successfuly manufacture iron, lead,wool, sugar and other important commodities was the common story in the decade from 1850 to 1860. In addition thedisastrous crop failures associated with criquets and drought mitigated against such industrialization without even men-tioning the 1857-1858 war-time “move south” of the entire population of Salt Lake Valley engenered by the invansion ofJohnston’s army.

It was into this 13-year old, essentially still un-industrialized frontier town, that the Lord brought a special man and hisfamily namely those stalwarts, Francis J. P. Pascoe and his beloved wife Maria Husbands Pascoe.

Providentially for the benefit of the still struggling Saints, the Lord encouraged for this purpose this wealthy Cornish manand his London bride of 11 years, Maria Husbands Pascoe, along with their first six children to immigrate to Zion. Francishad a history of building successful lead and copper smelters throughout Europe. And with his wealth, technical talent,and business ability, he was prepared upon his arrival in the fall of 1860 to make important, significant, and immediatecontributions to the desired and necessary industrialization of the Promised Valley.

This small history of Francis and Maria’s family is an attempt to honor the memory of these two great individuals. A briefstudy will show that they contributed a great deal more than has generally been known to the industrialization of the SaltLake Valley. Their accomplishments include such important items as:

The building and operating for many years of the Warm Springs Lead and Precious Metal Smelters.The quarrying of lime and building a number of lime kilns throughout the Valley.Manufacturing of all types of paint, putty, and lime products.The founding and operating of the Utah Lime and Cement Company.The discovery and opening of the first lead ore mine in Bingham Canyon at Pascoe Galena Gulch.Providing the technical guidances for solving difficult smelting problems of the various Utah ores.Purchasing the defunct Waterman Smelter in Stockton and converting it into a profitable operation.Opening the Ophir Hidden Treasure Mine in partnership with William Jennings.Opening and operating many important lime quarries in Idaho and Utah.

In addition Francis and Maria found the time to have seven additional children making a family total of thirteen in all.Throughout the years they fully accepted all of the Church callings given them by the various 17th Ward Bishoprics. AndFrancis and his sons undoubtedly faithfully fulfilled all work assignments including the finishing of the new Tabernacleand many hours of evening and Saturday labor on the magnificent Salt Lake Temple.

They built an outstanding home and small manufacturing center on the property which Francis bought from BrighamYoung when he first arrived in the valley. This, their first home in the Valley, was located only a block and a half from theNorthwest corner of Temple Square. Many famous visitors to Salt Lake were entertained there allowing the Pascoe hometo become a cultural center for their many friends and associates. Some eighteen years later they would build a mansionone block further north of their first home. They actively supported all of the arts and important events including person-ally acting in the Salt Lake Theater productions, promoting and participating in all State Fairs, and hosting many homedances and recitals for their friends and neighbors.

Grateful acknowledgement is made to William Hans Oblad Sr. who had meticulously and with considerable effort perservedsome of the original documentation and created the first known formalized and editorialized history of this unique andwonderful family. (See hanwritten History of Francis James Polkinhorn Pascoe and Maria Husbands by William H. ObladSr, document 26171, Daughters of Utah Pionees, Salt LakeCity)

Fortunately, I have had the advantage of having heard many first hand stories abou these great individuals told to me by mygrandmother, Leah Pascoe Olds the first of the Pascoe children to be born in Salt Lake City. These familiar family storieshave fully convinced me that not only were Francis and Maria remarkable individuals in their own right, but both werecompletely dedicated to the principles of the Restored Gospel. They fully supported the Lord’s annointed prophets,Brigham Young, John Taylor, and Wilford Woodruff, throughout their own lives while blessing the lives of their ownposterity as well as any who had the privilege of becoming acquainted with them.

Accordingly, this brief history is lovingly dedicated to their memory.Leonard OldsJanuary 2010

vi

Ancestors of Francis James Polkinghorn Pascoe and Margarette Maria Husbands

Francis (1829-1903) Maria (1830-1891)

Great Grandparents Great Grandparents

Thomas Pascoe and Margery Row Henry and Mary Husbands

John James and Mary Wedlake Richard and Elizabeth Wanstall

John Waite and Sessely Jefferson

William and Mary Pope Thomas Eburne and Sarah Wigson

Grandparents Grandparents

John Pascoe and Jane James Thomas Husbands and Sarah Wanstall

Henry Polkinghorn and Elizabeth William Weaght and Ann Eborne

Parents Parents

Henry Pascoe and Eliza Polkinghorn Thomas Husbands and Margarette Maria Weight

Children of Francis and Maria

Francis Adolphus Pascoe 1850Brittania Maria Pascoe Davis 1851Henry Thomas Pascoe 1853Julia Clara Pascoe Langdon 1855Lorenzo James Pascoe 1857Eliza Louisa Pascoe Shupp 1859Leah Sibelia Pascoe Olds 1861Edward Albert Pascoe 1863Bethulia Ann Pascoe Glassman Reger 1865William Richard Pascoe 1868Charles Anthony Pascoe 1870Lavinia Gertrude Pascoe Oblad 1872Emily May Pascoe Oblad 1874

1

1. A London Romance*

Thomas Husbands was a good but eccentric man. He did not want his daughters to marry, but to stay aroundhome. And he did not like to see them idle. On many occasions when he saw them sitting down with their handsin their laps, he would say, “Why don’t you do something, mend the clothes, and darn the socks?” They wouldsay: “Father, our sewing is all done and the socks are darned.” He would then say: “Well! Well! Take the socksand cut a hole in them and darn them again. Be busy and not idle.”

At 17 years of age, Maria was an independent girl who did not want to just stay around home darning socks; soshe took a job in a fashionable tailor establishment as a seamstress and buttonhole maker. One day a finecarriage drove up to the tailoring establishment. Out jumped a well dressed gentleman who inquired if theyknew a person of fine character who could qualify as a seamstress and buttonhole maker in a gentleman’s family.Maria was recommended as an expert at this type of work, and one who was reliable and dependable.

And so it was then in the fall of 1847 in the fashionable borough of Islington, London, that Maria found herselfin the beautiful mansion of Edward Pascoe, an older half brother to Francis, and his distinguished French wifeof royalty. Maria was treated as one of them right from the start. Lady Pascoe treated her as an equal and madea companion of her. If Maria ever thought it was peculiar for them to pay such attention to her, she kept it toherself.

It was not very long afterward that 18 year old Francis James Polkinghorn Pascoe called on his brother to reporton the copper works he had been commissioned by Edward to construct in Germany. He came directly from theplant in Germany where Edward had sent him. Francis was introduced to Maria with all the formality of theirday. She accepted the introduction with a curtsy while maintaining her dignity. Later, Maria said to her chil-dren, that at this time she had a strong feeling that something important was going to happen in her life.

After this introduction, Lady Pascoe made Maria a constant companion instead of a seamstress, and took her onoutings and drives wherever she went. Francis accompanied them whenever time permitted from his busyschedule.

At a later date, Francis told his family: “It was love at first sight.” Although he was young, he had been travelingextensively, and he said that he had never met anyone with a personality like Maria’s. Over the next few months,this introduction developed into a courtship. Maria had her dates at the mansion with the permission of LadyPascoe. She did not allow Francis to come to her own home because of her father’s eccentric and selfishdisposition. And of course, Maria’s father didn’t want his daughters to marry, particularly Maria, who was theoldest of four other sisters and two younger brothers.

And romance blossomed into love. Maria was not only witty but intelligent and could often best Francis indiscussions of politics, literature, and music. How marvelous it would be if the details of Francis’ proposal wereknown. Unfortunately only a fragment of one of their love letters has been found. It was written by Francis toMaria on 18 August 1847 while he was on a trip to Cornwall and had stopped off at Falmouth. Although themain portion of the letter is missing, it conveys with depth the emotions between this lovely 17 year old girl andher dashing and handsome 18 year old fiance. The letter with the missing portions noted by dots reads:

“Dearest Maria, Excuse this moment in.......................of that which is most acceptable to me and also to sympathize withthat Beating heart which by Presance of Love Beat for me alone not only so Dearest Girl but remembrance of the Past. Likeunto my self Bring every circumstance before our eyes so fresh so clear as How they had but the moment transpired whenthought of ........”

And with Francis’ busy travel schedule the wedding date was postponed until December 1848. At this time, itwas the custom in England to register their betrothal with the Church of England so that banns could be read for

*by William H. Oblad Sr.

2

three consecutive Sundays. Maria’s mother helped to keep their engagement a secret from her father and wasalso able to keep him from going to Church on these threeimportant Sundays. A father’s objections when the bannswere read of course would have prevented their marriage.

And so it was that in the historic chapel of St. Leonard inShoreditch, London (Figure 1) that on December 10, 1848the banns for Francis and Maria were first read. With FatherHusbands safely at home, there were no objections. Theywere then read the next Sunday on December 17, and again,no objection. On the third Sunday, Maria put on her wed-ding dress and quietly climbed through her upstairs bedroomwindow so as not to awaken her father. Edward and LadyPascoe brought Francis in their lovely carriage and proudlyescorted them to Church. Witnesses to the marriage wereMaria’s mother, Margaret Maria, and a George Yarrows prob-ably a close friend of Francis.

It’s significant that Francis’ father Henry was not invited tothe wedding. Francis’ daughter Leah Pascoe said that Henrywas disappointed that his son was marrying so far beneathhis rank that he disinherited him, at least initially.

Thus final banns were read on Sunday, December 24. The minister tapped on the pulpit and said, “Hear Ye!Hear Ye! All men of their kind, have you anything to say why Maria Husbands should not become the wife ofFrancis J. P. Pascoe?” Several moments of silence elapsed, then he said, “If ye have not, then forever hold yourtongue.” Then with all the pageantry of their church ceremonies, Francis James Polkinghorn Pascoe and MariaHusbands were made man and wife. The groom was all of nineteen years old and the bride was eighteen.

The bride was driven to her home. After being assisted out of the carriage, Maria slipped quietly into her home,and changed her wedding dress for another new dress she had made for the occasion. As she came down thestairway she encountered her father. Wearing a dress he had not seen before and being so radiant and beautifulthat Sunday morning, he asked, “What is the matter” Why are you all dressed up for?” She answered: “Don’tyou think I want a change sometimes Father? I have worked all week so I could have something different fortoday.” Mother Husbands chuckled but remained silent as she began putting the wedding feast on the table.

When Francis appeared for dinner ahead of the other guests Maria’s father said, “What are you doing here soearly?” Francis replied: “Well I was asked here for dinner, Father.” The old man stood still looking puzzled.Francis then said: “Won’t you call me ‘Son’? I have called you ‘Father’.” Thomas Husbands became excitedand began stomping around. Rubbing his nose, he said: “I don’t want any foolishness around here. Maria is tooyoung to get married.” Then Francis put his arm around Maria and said: “It is too late now. The banns havebeen read for the last three Sundays in your church, and you have not appeared for objections. Maria is now mybeloved wife, and you might just as well give us your blessing.” Father Husbands was stubborn and stormedaway saying: “We will see, we will see.”

After a while, when he was left to himself to think matters over, he was heard to say: “Well Maria might havedone worse. He is not a bad chap after all.” The dinner was served with all their relatives and friends presentthanks to Maria’s mother. From this point on, Thomas Husbands learned to love Francis as his own son, andappreciated the talents and achievements which he brought into the Husbands’ home.

The records do not tell us where their honeymoon was spent, but it could have been in some lovely village inFrancis’ boyhood land of Cornwall unless of course Francis’ smelter business called him back to work.

Fig 1: St. Leonard Shoreditch Church, London

3

Figure 2 is a depiction of how they may have looked on their wedding day dressed in the typical London attire of1848. Francis and Maria’s 1848 likenesses are projected from photographs taken later in life.

2. Important Time Events during Francis and Maria’s Life

Francis and Maria were born and lived during the important maturing industrial age in England.

It’s interesting to consider working conditions for children at the time. When Francis and Maria were born in1829 and 1830, young children in England were working very long hours in workplaces where conditions wereoften terrible. Working conditions for children improved in 1833 when the Factory Act was passed. Thisprovided for no child workers to be under 9 years of age; children between the ages of 9-13 were to work nomore than 9 hours a day; children between 13-18 to work no more than 12 hours a day; children were not towork at night; and two hours schooling was to be provided each child per day.

Conditions of course were greatly different between the Pascoe and Husbands families. In Cornwall Francis’father had become a successful industrialist in his own right and was able to provide a good education for hislarge family of some 17 children from his three marriages. In comparison, Maria’s father was a brewery workerin 19th Century London and his five children were under the necessity of learning to work early in life.

Cornwall and London contrasted significantly from each other. Geologically, the igneous rocks underlying mostof Cornwall provided a world class study of various minerals and ores including ores of tin, lead, copper, zinc,and arsenic. As a result many mines and smelters proliferated throughout the county. In comparison, Londonwas located on the Thames river allowing it to become a world class business, shipping, and commercial center.

Francis’ father Henry Pascoe had become fascinated by the beauty of the Cornish minerals and had appliedhimself to a serious mineralogical study of the local ores and minerals. His expert knowledge of mineralogybecame crucial to Cornish mine owners since their profits depended upon economic extraction of the complexminerals from their mines. Francis became an eager student under his father’s tutelage and early in his lifeacquired an unique combination of both mining and metallurgical skills that were to prove of extensive value tothe future industrialization of western United States after he immigrated there.

In stark contrast, Maria’s family were under the necessity of providing their living by working together as laboropportunities arose. Her brothers learned early to work with their father in his moving and carting business,while the girls became expert seamstresses.

Table 1 lists a few of the important major timeline events in Francis and Maria’s life.

Fig 2: Depiction of Francis and Maria on their wedding day, London, 1848

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Table 1: Historic Time Events in Francis J. P. Pascoe and Maria Husbands’ Life

Year18291829182918301830183118311833183718371839184018421843184518451847184818481848185018511851185318531853185418551856185618571857185718581859186018601860186118611863186418651865186518651865186718671868186818691870

Francis’Age------------ 1 1 2 2 4 8 810111314161618191919212222242424252727272828282930313131323234353636363636383839394041

Maria’sAge-------------------- 1 1 3 7 7 9101213151517181818202121232323242626262727272829293030313133343535353535373738383940

Historic Time EventsFrancis born in Hayle, Copperhouse, Cornwall.The Catholic Emancipation Act;Sir Robert Peel forms the first modern police force (‘bobbies’ or ‘peelers’).Maria born in St. Leonards Parish, Shoreditch, London.George IV dies. William IV becomes king.Cholera epidemic in England and Wales; 21,000 persons die.Slavery is abolished in England.Factory Act passed to improve conditions for children working in factories.William IV dies. Victoria becomes queen.LDS missionary work starts in EnglandThe Opium war between Britain and ChinaQueen Victoria marries AlbertLaw banning women and children from working underground in minesDickens publishes A Christmas Carol. The first Christmas card sold.The Irish Potato Famines BeginFrancis probably moves to London as an apprentice to his half brother John PascoeParliament reduces work week from 70 hours to 55.5 hours per week.2nd Cholera epidemic.Potatoe famine in Ireland. 20% of London’s population now came from Ireland.Francis and Maria marry in London on Christmas Eve.Francis Adolphus is born in Newington ParishThe Great Crystal Palace Exhibition in LondonBrittania Maria is born in St. Savior ParishFrancis and Maria are baptized into the LDS Church in Southwark.Maria’s brother William Husbands is baptized 11 months later.Henry Thomas is born in Southwark ParishThe Crimean War starts.Henry Bessemer invents a way of converting pig iron to steel.Julia Clara is born in Rotherhite ParishMaria’s sister Harriet Husbands is baptized into the LDS ChurchThe Indian Mutiny.Darwin publishes The Origin of Species.Lorenzo James is born in Bethnal Green ParishFrancis called to be first President of newly formed LDS Whitechapel BranchEliza Louisa is born in Whitechapel ParishSpeed of road vehicles limited to 5 mph.March 30: Francis, Maria, and their 6 children immigrate to Salt Lake CityUnited States Civil War begins.Nevada became the 36th stateLeah Sibella is born in Salt Lake CityEdward Albert is born in Salt Lake CityThe Blackhawk War began in central UtahThe Confederate States of America surrenderThe LDS Church agrees to build a telegraph system linking Mormon settlementsAndrew Johnson became the 17th President of the United StatesNebraska became the 37th stateBethulia Ann is born in Salt Lake CityThe United States bought the Alaska Territory from RussiaWilliam Richard is born in Salt Lake CityThe U.S. Senate acquitted President Andrew JohnsonUlysses Grant became the 18th President of the United StatesThe transcontinental railroad was joined at Promontory SummitCharles Anthony is born in Salt Lake City

5

Let’s now take a minute and look briefly at both 19th Century Cornwall and London.

3. Cornwall

There was no better mineralized place on earth for a future metallurgist to be born than in Cornwall, England.Molten igneous rocks make up the bulk of Cornwall’s geology. As these magmas cooled mineralized complexore veins formed from lower lying magma sources. Mineral lodes of tin, copper, zinc, lead and iron with somesilver were formed in vertical veins that could only be mined from shafts rather than tunnels. “Cocktails” ofCornish minerals became famous both for their diversity as well as complexity.

Cornwall eventually became honeycombed with as many as 1500 mine shafts. Tin lodes were often located bypanning or by a placer operation often called tin streaming. Then, since most of the mines were small andvertical, little investment was made in cages to haul the miners up and down. Mine access, instead, wasgenerally by ladders.

With Cornwall being surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the water table for most mines was close to the surfacegiving incentive for the invention and development of steam powered water pumps. Other industrial developmentsoriginating in Cornwall included the famous Davy carbide safety mining lamp which replaced the annoyingcandle powered lamps.

Because of the complexity of the ores Cornwall became famous for important smelting plants include specializedlead and copper smelters.

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Colorado became the 38th stateLavinia Gertrude is born in Salt Lake CityEmily May is born in Salt Lake CityRutherford Hayes became the 19th President of the United StatesBrigham Young dedicated the St. George TempleBrigham Young dies. John Taylor becomes LDS Church President.James Garfield became the 20th President of the United StatesChester A. Arthur became the 21st President of the United StatesThe Logan Temple was dedicatedFrancis loses much of his wealth due to bank closures.Grover Cleveland became the 22nd President of the United StatesJohn Taylor dies. Wilford Woodruff becomes LDS Church President.The Manti Temple was dedicatedBenjamin Harrison became the 23rd President of the United StatesMontana became the 41st stateThe Endowment House was torn downIdaho became the 43rd stateMaria dies in Salt Lake City.Grover Cleveland became the 24th President of the United StatesWilford Woodruff dedicated the Salt Lake TempleFrancis loses his rest of his wealth in the bank panic of 1893Utah became the 45th stateWilliam McKinley became the 25th President of the United StatesThe United States declared war on SpainWilford Woodruff dies. Lorenzo Snow becomes LDS Church President.Theodore Roosevelt became the 26th President of the United StatesFrancis dies in Salt Lake City.

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The complexity of the Cornish mining landscape is vividly visualized in Figure 3, a picture of the landscape forTuckingmill and the valley of the Red River in Camborne an area that Francis would have crossed with his fathermany times on their trips to Hayle, Copperhouse.

Cornish mining, particularly for tin, reached possibly as far back as 1000 to 2000 BC when Mediterraneantraders labeled Britain, the 'Cassiterites' or 'the Tin Islands'. C. C. Dobson suggests that Jesus was brought toCornwall by his uncle Joseph of Arimathea (Mary’s brother) on one of his voyages to Cornwall. This visit isimmortalized in England’s famous song “Jerusalem”. The following suggests the thought that Jesus had anintimate relationship with Cornwall.

It’s also interesting to note the possible Christian origin of the Pascoe name taken from a post by L. D. Tullis inreply to Re: Origin of the Pascoe Name by Ron Pascoe (12/15/99). He stated: “As I understand it, the customof the Celts was to name their children after the nearest holiday or festive occasion and the Pascoe name started

*from CHRIST in BRITAIN, http://www.greatdreams.com/jesus2.htm and Traditions of Glastonbury, by E. Raymond Capt, and Did Our Lord VisitBritain, by C.C. Dobson

Fig 3: Tuckingmill and the valley of the Red River in Camborne

“Various and many historical documents are reported to exist to indicate that, after Jerusalem, the first Christianchurch was established in England and founded by Joseph of Arimathea Joseph was a rich merchant with alarge fleet of ships that ran the tin trade for the Roman Empire, between England and the Mediterranean.

The thought is that when Jesus’ great uncle, Joseph became Jesus’ Guardian (by Law, as next of kin whenMary’s husband Joseph died early in Jesus’ life, he took Jesus with him on his journeys to Glastonbury, Englandalso known as Avalon (King Arthur’s Avalon.)

If Jesus was indeed absent from Judea from age twelve to age thirty, as some believe, we should be able to findevidence that this was the case. In Mattew 17 Jesus was being asked for the Stranger’s tax. They seemed awarethat Jesus lived in Capernaum. They didn’t know if he was exempt from the tax, having been gone for a longtime. Also, John the Baptist, who was Jesus’ cousin, and spent time with Jesus as they grew up, was veryuncertain as to Jesus’ identity at his baptism. If Jesus had spent the “lost years” in Judea, he and John wouldcertainly have seen each other at the three yearly Feasts.

Then we find two accounts of Jesus’ identity being questioned. “Is this not Joseph’s son? Brought up here?”(Luke 4) “Is not this the carpenter’s son?” (Matt 14) And in John 1 we find that Nathaniel, who only lived fivemiles from Nazareth, doesn’t know Jesus. Capt says that Nathaniel was from Cana.”*

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with Paasche which meant Easter, (the Celts had been converted to Christianity by this time). This was also afirst name which through the descendants became Pasco...” A family tradition suggests that Francis’ GreatGreat? Grandfather Pascoe migrated from Jerusalem to Italy to Switzerland to Poland and then to Cornwall.

The Pascoe and Polkinghorn surnames are two of the commonest of Cornish surnames with Pascoes andPolkinghorns living in over three fourths of the entire Cornish parishes.

In the case of Polkinghorn, Philip Ellery (phil@phil-ellery.demon.co.uk) reports that the Polkinghorn’s firststarted in 1299 in the village of Gwinear a few miles east of Hayle. He states that the term “pol” means pool,pit, pond, or inlet, and the term “kinghorn” means iron chief. Thus the name means “The pool of the IronChief.” Spelling variants of the name are frequent. Also, the “e” is often left off at the end from time to time.

4. Francis’ Story

Francis came from a long line of Cornwall tin miners with metallurgical expertise. His grandfather, JohnPascoe, was born about 1744 in St. Hilary Parish near Goldsithney Parish. John grew up in the same communitywith his future wife Jane James. They married in 1773 when John was 29 and Jane was 24. Eight of their ninechildren were born in St. Hilary Parish. However by 1794 when John and Jane Pascoe’s last child was born,they had moved to Ludgvan Parish.

Francis grandmother, Jane James, came from the famous James family that go back to the early 1600’s in theSt. Hilary area and to the 1570’s in the Sancreed area.

On his mother’s side, Eliza Polkinghorn’s parents came from Kenwyn Parish some 20 miles northeast of Ludgvan.Francis’ birth record gives his grandparents’ names as Henry and Elizabeth Polkinghorn. However in an 1899letter to his daughter Lavinia, Francis gave their names as Joseph and Mary. It is assumed that his grandfatherwas likely named Henry Polkinghorn and his grandmother may have been called Elizabeth Pope. Eliza’sgrandparents appear to have been William and Mary Pope who lived in St. Merwyn, a Cornish parish some 12miles north of Kenwyn. The Pope’s had a familyof six children all of whom were christened in St.Merwyn. Likely however they were related toChristopher Pope who owned the Bristol Brass andCopper Mills many of which were in the Kelston-Bristol area of Somerset.

The railroad map in Fig 4 shows the importance ofthis area in the life of Francis’s parent’s family. Forexample:

Eliza Polkinghorn was born in KelstonEliza’s first son was born in BittonHenry moved his family near St. PhilipsHenry died in Fishponds

These events related to the Kelston-Bristol areasuggest that Pascoes and Popes had both close familyand business relationships. Thus while Eliza wasborn in Kelston she was christened in St. Erthsuggesting that her mother may have been visitingrelatives when Eliza was born. Similarly whileEliza’s first child, Thomas, was born in Bitton, he

Fig 4: Towns and Railroads in the Kelston-Bristol Area ofSomerset, England, (1831 to 1874)

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was christened in Ludgvan where the family were living, again suggesting that Eliza had been visiting relativesin this area for Thomas’ birth. Next, St Philips Station is near the Bristol St. Paul parish that Henry moved hisfamily to around 1832 when Francis was three. Finally Fishponds is where Francis’ father Henry was stayingwhen he died in 1850. These events strongly suggest that Henry was actively engaged in the brass businesswith Christopher Pope.

Christopher Pope’s Kelston Brass Mill was located on the Avon River of Shakespear fame. The remains of thechimney of the twin furnaces of this mill is shown in Fig 5. Kelston Mill was a brass battery mill, operated on thissite prior to 1767 by William Champion and later by the Bristol Brass Wire and Copper Company. The mill wasstill in use until the late 1840’s

A highly informative map of early Cornish parishes is given in Figure 6 showing some of the various familylocations in the Cornwall area. Parish locations shown on this map along with important parishes in the Bristoland Stafforshire areas are:

Parish 1, St. Hillary, Cornwall: John Pascoe and Jane James were both born in St. Hillary and weremarried there in 1773. Henry Pascoe was born in St. Hillary in 1783.

Parish 2, Ludgvan, Cornwall: John Pascoe moved his family from St. Hillary to Ludgvan in 1794.Henry Pascoe’s first wife, Ann Thomas was born in Ludgvan in 1785. She married Henry in1803. Ann died in Ludgvan in 1820 leaving Henry to care from eight living children.Eliza Polkinghorn’s family moved to Ludgvan from Kenwyn in 1813 when Eliza was 10.Henry married Eliza Polkinghorn in Ludgvan in 1823. Twenty year old Eliza then became amuch needed mother for Ann and Henry’s eight children.

Parish 3, Kenwyn, Cornwall: Henry (Joseph) Polkinghorn was born in Kenwyn in 1759 and marriedElizabeth Mary Pope there in 1784. Elizabeth’s parents apparently had moved to Kenwynprior to 1784.

Parishes 4 and 5, St. Erth and St. Merwyn, Cornwall: Elizabeth (Mary) Pope was born in St. Erth butchristened in St. Merwyn in 1763 where they lived and where their other five children wereborn.

Parish 6, Bitton, Somerset: Eliza Polkinghorn Pascoe’s first child was born in Bitton but christenedin Ludgvan where the family was still living in 1824.

Parish 7: Condurrow, Cornwall: Henry and Eliza Pascoe were either visiting Condurrow by 1829 orhad moved there since their three older children all died that same year in Condurrow probablyfrom the cholera epidemic.

Photo by Lee Paltridge

Fig 5: Twin Furnace Chimney of Kelston Brass Mill on the Avon River

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Parish 8, St. Clements, Cornwall: Henry Pascoe moved his large family of seven living children to StClements in 1829. Francis was born in St. Clements Parish but christened at the WesleyanMethodist Chapel in Hayle, Copperhouse (Parish 8b). Similarly Francis next younger sisterwas born in St. Clements but christened in St. Mary’s Wesleyan Church in Truro.

Parish 9, St. Pauls, Bristol: Around 1832 when Francis was three, Henry Pascoe appears to havemoved his family of ten children to No 7 Ashley Road, St. Pauls, Bristol where his next threechildren appear to have been born. For some reason their christening was delayed until June1836. After Francis’ mother Eliza dies in 1836 when Francis was seven, Henry will marryEliza Granger the next year in this parish.

Parish 10, Cheadle, Stafforshire: After their youngest daughter Lydia was born and christened in St.Paul’s, Henry and Eliza Pascoe took their one month old baby to the Cheadle area near theMixon mine on business. Henry’s 19 year old son accompanied them. One month laterEliza died. Eliza’s funeral was conducted in the Methodist Chapel on Old Market Street neartheir St. Paul’s home. Thus Francis was raised in a Protestant dissenting family.

Parish 11, Chinnock, Somerset: Eliza Granger was probably born in Chinnock Parish in 1820. Herfamily eventually moves to St. Paul’s Parish, Bristol where she will meet and marry HenryPascoe.

Parish 12: Hayle, Copperhouse: This is the parish where Francis waschristened and probably where the family lived when hewas very young.

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3

5 (St. Merwin)

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8

4

To6. Bitton, Somerset9. St. Pauls, Bristol10. Cheadle, Staffordshire11. Chinnock, Somerset

Fig 6: Map Showing Locations of Cornish Parishes of Importance to Franics James Polkinghorne Pascoe

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So as may be seen from the above listing of Cornwall Parishes, Francis’ immediate family’s story began inLudgvan Parish where his father married his first wife Ann and then Eliza Polkinghorne after Ann died. Asummary of Henry’s marriages and children’s births follows.

When Francis’ father Henry Pascoe was 20 he married the lovely 18 year old Ann Thomas who was also livingin Ludgvan Parish. Over the next twenty years Ann gave birth to nine children, six of whom lived to adulthood.They were:

Jane Thomas Pascoe who died in 1823 at age 20.Ann Pascoe who never marriedHenry Thomas Pascoe who died at age 2Henry Pascoe who died early.Elizabeth Thomas Pascoe. Elizabeth married Thomas Prust and moved to London dying at age 79.Mary Thomas Pascoe, unmarried at age 39. In 1851 she was living in Shoreditch, Middlesex. Her

death age is uncertain but it was before age 77.John Thomas Pascoe who started a metallurgical company in London about 1840; He died in 1871 at

age 57. When Francis was about 16 he apprenticed under this half brother (John) and becamean expert mineralist and metallurgist, specializing in building copper and lead smelters.

Edward Thomas Pascoe who joined his brother as a metallurgist in London around 1842 when he was25. When Ed was 19 his mother noted that he was always making fun (teasing?). At age 53, heand his half sisters Lavinia and Sibella travelled to France in 1870 and were killed during theFranco-German war.

Bethulia Thomas Pascoe. Bethulia married John Edwin P. Pascoe, immigrated to Australia after1851 and died there at age 71.

Unfortunately Henry’s beloved Ann Thomas died at age 35 in 1820 probably after the birth of her 10th child.Henry now had the care of six living children with ages of 17, 10, 8, 6, 3, and an infant.

About two years after Ann’s death 39 year old Henry will marry twenty year old Eliza Polkinghorn, daughterof Henry Joseph Polkinghorn and Elizabeth Mary Pope. So as a lovely 20-year old bride, Eliza proved to be awonderful loving step mother to Henry’s family of six children

Eliza’s parents the Polkinghorn’s had either six or fourteen children depending upon whose records are lookedat. This discrepancy of course needs to be verified. It is believed that their first seven children were born inKenwyn and their next two in St. Erth. Death dates are not yet available for the Polkinghorne children, butEliza undoubted grew up surrounded by many brothers and sisters.

Over the next thirteen years Eliza had eight children, four of whom lived to be adults. They were as follows:Born in Bitton in 1824: Thomas Henry Polkinghorne Pascoe.Born in Ludgvan in 1826: William Anthony Polkinghorne Pascoe.Born in St. Clements in 1827: Albert Nicholas Polkinghorne Pascoe.

Thomas, William, and Albert died the same year at ages 5, 3, and 2 while the family werevisiting the Condurrow area of Cornwall. Possibly there had been a cholera epidemic whichoften was fatal to young children.

Born in St. Clements in 1829: Francis James Polkinghorn Pascoe. At his birth Francis had a 19and a 17 year old half sister, a 15 and a 12 year old half brother, and a 9 year old half sister.He also had 4 uncles and 3 aunts on his father’s side and probably as many uncles and auntson his mother’s side.

Born in St. Clements in 1830 but Christened in Truro: Eliza Jane Polkinghorne Pascoe.In 1850 Eliza will marry James Anthony Polkinghorne Pascoe and move to London.

Born in St. Pauls Bristol Parish in 1832: Levinia Gertrude Polkinghorne Pascoe. Levinia is thought tohave married into royalty and moved to London. She and her sister Sibella and their halfbrother Edward then traveled to Paris where they were killed as a result of the 1870 Franco-Prussian war.

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Born in St. Pauls Bristol Parish in 1834: Sibella Ann Polkinghorne Pascoe.Born in St. Pauls Bristol Parish in 1836: Lydia Emma Polkinghorne Pascoe

Lydia and her sisters Levinia and Sibella were all christened in June 1836 in the Wesleyan St.Philips Parish on Old Market Street, Bristol. Lydia’s mother died when she was one monthold, and Lydia died six months later from a teething problem..

Thus when Francis was born in 1829 he inherited a large family of Uncles, Aunts, and Cousins. In summaryrelatives on his father’s side were:

Uncle John and Aunt Elizabeth Pascoe, 55 and 51 yrs. old and living in Penzance, CornwallUncle Francis and Aunt Honor Pascoe, 53 and 48 yrs old and living in Marazion, CornwallUncle Henry and Aunt Mary Pierce, ? and 48 yrs old and living in LudgvanFather and Mother Henry and Eliza Pascoe, 46 and 26 yrs old and living in Ludgvan, CornwallUncle Nicholas and Aunt Mary Pascoe, 43 and ? yrs old and living in Ludgvan, Cornwall.Uncle William and Aunt Mary Polkinghorn Pascoe, 41 and 37 yrs old and living in Ludgvan, CornwallUncle William and Aunt Christian Pascoe Nicholas, 37 and 37 yrs old and living in Ludgvan, CornwallUncle Nicholas and Aunt Sarah Pascoe Webb, 37 and 35 yrs old and living in Ludgvan, Cornwall.

Pascoe Cousins in Penzance: John 22; Henry 20; Elizabeth 14.Pascoe Cousins in Marazion: Francis 15; Richard 13; Honor 11; Ann 9; Jane 6.Half Brothers and Sisters in Ludgvan: Elizabeth 19; Mary 17; John Thomas 15; Edward Thomas 12;

Bethulia, 9.Pascoe Cousins in Ludgvan: John Edwin 8; William Henry 5; James Anthony, 4Nicholas Cousins in Ludgvan: John 14; Jane 12; Mary 9; Christian 6; Clarinder, 4; Sarah 2.Webb Cousins in Ludgvan: Sarah 7; Elizabeth 4; Nicholas 1.

7 Uncles 6 Aunts, 2 half brothers 3 half sisters and 20 cousins

His mother’s parents and families have not yet been well documented, but Francis undoubted had as manyrelatives on her side as on his fathers. Confusion exists particularly with his grandparents’ names. Francis’ birthrecord states that their names were Joseph and Elizabeth Polkinghorn. However in a 1899 letter to his daughterLavinia, Francis said that their names were Henry and Mary. Perhaps they had both names, and it is assumedthat Eliza Polkinghorn’s parents were likely Henry Joseph Polkinghorn and Elizabeth Mary Pope.

Birth years are also problematic for his parents. Francis’ letter says that his grandmother Polkinghorne diedwhen he, Francis, was five years old and that his grandfather had died shortly before at the age of 97. Also, twosets of children’s names are listed in Lavinia Pascoe and William Oblad Sr. genealogy records suggesting thatperhaps his grandfather had been widowed possibly at the age of 47 suggesting a remarriage along with a secondset of children.

In 1981 W. H. Oblad Jr researched the Polkinghorn family group sheet and reviewed it with concerned familymembers for accuracy. The following children have been listed as Francis’ Uncles and Aunts:

Mary Polkinghorn born 13 Mar 1785 at Kenwyn, CornwallThomas Polkinghorn born 18 Feb 1787 at Kenwyn, CornwallGertrude Polkinghorn born 1 Feb 1789 at Kenwyn, CornwallJohn Polkinghorn born 20 Feb 1791 at Kenwyn, CornwallHenry Polkinghorn born 29 Mar 1793 at Kenwyn, CornwallElizabeth Polkinghorn born 26 Mar 1795 at Kenwyn, CornwallAnthony Polkinghorn born 18 Jun 1797 at Kenwyn, CornwallJames Polkinghorn born 11 Aug 1799 at St. Erth, CornwallJoseph Polkinghorn born 24 May 1801 at St. Erth, CornwallEliza Polkinghorn born 30 Apr 1803 at Kelston, CornwallLidia Polkinghorn born 12 May 1805 at St. Erth, CornwallEdwin Polkinghorn born 22 Feb 1807 at St. Erth, CornwallAlfred Polkinghorn born 21 Oct 1810 at St. Erth, CornwallEmma Polkinghorn born 11 Jul 1813 at Ludgvan, Cornwall

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It is hoped that a future Pascoe descendant will ultimately be able to fully document this fascinating family.

Many details for Francis’ young boyhood life of course are missing. Fortunately, however William H. Oblad Sr.has recorded the following:

The Pascoe Mansion was situated on top of a steep hill (probably at No 7 Ashley Road, Bristol). It had drain pipesand sewer pipes that ran from the buildings and lawn to a central line that ran down this hill. The drain lineemptied into the near by tributaries of River Frome.

“One day when two and half year old Francis was romping with his older half-brother, 15 yr old Edward, theyfailed to notice an open lawn sewer lid. Francis ran over it and accidently fell into the opening and was lost in thesewage. His brother Edward ran into the house and spread the alarm Then all the maids, butlers, servants, andgardeners came out to help locate him and pull him out. However they were too late and he had disappeared downthe pipe line which was filled with water.

Fortunately, Francis’ little pinafore came up over his head, preventing him from drowning. And while everyonewas frantically running around, probing into the sump with hooks, rakes, and other tools trying to find him deador alive, Edward had the presence of mind to run down the hill to the outlet. He laid down on his stomach and puthis hands into the water coming out of the flume that ran into the swift flowing river. Just as Francis shot out,Edward grabbed him by his pinafore and drew him out of the water, and began hollering. Everyone came runningover and watched Edward with Francis on the ground being revived.

Francis was quite sick from this experience, but he eventually got over it. The pinafore going over his face is theonly thing that saved his life while in the flume. And he was ever grateful to his brother Edward for saving hislife.”

Francis’ Father, Henry Pascoe, traveled extensively, leaving many of his children home under the care of per-sonal tutors and caretakers. When Francis was seven, his father took mother Eliza and her infant Lydia alongwith Francis’ half brother Edward to inspect the Mixon mine near Cheadle in Stafforshire. Eliza and her babydaughter were to die there. However the month before she passed away in July 1836, she wrote a poignant letterto her large family in Bristol. (In 1836 her family consisted of: step children Ann, 30; Elizabeth, 26; John, 22;Edward, 19; Bethulia, 16; children Francis, 7; Eliza, 6; Levinia 4; and Sibella, 2.)

Fortunately William H. Oblad Sr. also preserved a handwritten copy of the original letter. The following is atyped copy of Eliza’s letter home.

MixonJuly 6, 1836

My Dear Children,I suppose you have been expecting to hear from us before this time, but as there has not been

anything amiss, thought it was not worth while to write. I hope you are all well at home, if not be sureto let me know. How are the children’s ring worms? I hope they are leaving them. Baby is growingto a fine child. (probably 2 mo old Lydia) Last Sunday week, your Father (Henry, 53 yr old) was veryill, I think he had taken cold, but is now pretty well. I have not been very well since I have been here.I have generally got sickness in the morning and a pain in the stomach. I cannot think what causes it.

Have you been to the packet knowing if there has been a letter for me? I told Ann to gobefore we left, if she has not been, send her, for I am anxious to hear.

If I were to feel myself quite well I should quite enjoy myself. The place is not half so badas it was represented. And as for the house, is not a bad one, it is not so comfortable as one’s own.We have not things to use.

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Unfortunately, Eliza died in Cheadle hospital the month following the writing of this letter. She was broughthome for funeral services at the Old Market Street Methodist Church not far from the Pascoe home at 7 AshleyRoad.

Events now begin to move rapidly in Francis’ young life. A year after his mother’s death his father met andmarries Eliza Granger in St. Paul’s parish. Since Eliza had the same first name as Francis’ mother, the familyreferred to her by her maiden name, Eliza Granger. Eliza was to have three children by Henry, Emma in 1838;Louisa in 1840; and Harriet in about 1845. Emma and Harriet will unfortunately die young.

Francis brothers and sisters begin to marry and many relocate to London where Francis’ Uncle William Pascoehad moved to around 1840. Uncle William was a carpenter who lived on Queen Street and provided a conve-nient relocation home for many of the Pascoes as they moved to London.

Francis’ siblings began the age-old process of emptying the family home as follows:Francis oldest half sister Ann apparently never married. Little is know about Ann. Apparently she wasnot living in 1850 when her father died since she is not listed on his death record.

Half sister Elizabeth married at age 27 in 1837 to William Prust. Elizabeth and William Prust lived in theBristol area until about the middle 1850’s after which they moved to London.

Half sister Mary never married. She moved to London about 1850 at age 38 where she lived with herSister Bethulia until Bethulia immigrated with her husband and children to Australia in 1855.

Half brother John married in 1834 at age 20 to Susannah Ship. They lived in the Bitton area where theirfirst three children were born. In 1840 John was likely commissioned by his father to set up a mineralistsand metal refining shop in Heneage Lane in London. John moved his family of three children to Londonwhere the rest of his children were born at their home on High Street, Newtown, Mile End, London.

Half brother Edward married in 1842 at age 25 to Harriet Clark in Christ Church in Bristol, living onWine Street. Edward also apparently had an office in London since in the 1842 London Directory hewas listed as a mineralist at his brother John’s shop on Heneage St. Harriet apparently remained inBristol living with her father when Edward moved to London probably living first on Islington Streetand later as a constable in 1857 living on Brunswick Street. It is possible that in London Edward was tomarry a distinguished French wife who became known as the Lady Pascoe. As noted previously she wasthe person instrumental in first introducing Francis to Maria.

Half sister Bethulia also married in 1842 at age 22 to Francis’ cousin John Edwin Polkinghorne Pascoe

Ed (19 yrs old) appears very comfortable. I think he is steady. We must not listen to allwe hear. He is very young. We cannot expect from him as we would from John (22 yrs old).The worst in him that I see is he always makes fun at everything. Sometimes I am afraid he willoffend Mrs. Brottlebank, but she does not appear to notice him.

There has not been any return yet. I suppose they begin to send of on Friday.

I left two handkerchiefs at home, please take care of them.

You must excuse my wrighting you more. The girl is waiting to take the letter. I hopethe little children are good. When your money gets short, let us know. Father and Ed join me inkind love to you all. Kiss little Sibella (2 yrs old) for me. I remain, my dear children,

Your affectionate Mother,Eliza Pascoe (33 yrs old)

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in Southwark, Surrey, London. Both Bethulia and John Edwin had earlier moved to London with JohnEdwin living with his father on Queen street and Bethulia living nearby.

In 1845 when Francis likely had left for London, his immediate family now consisted of:himself, age 16 living with Uncle William Pascoe on Queen StreetSister Eliza Jane, 15, who was to come to London and marry Uncle William Pascoe’s son James

Anthony in 1850.Sister Lavinia Gertrude, 13 who also was to come to London a few years later and likely became in-

volved with French royalty. It needs to be determined whether she may have been the one who became knownas the Lady Pascoe who was instrumental in introducing Francis to Maria. In any event she and her sisterSibella were closely involved with their half brother Edward since allthree were killed in 1870 in Paris as a result of action in the Franco-Prussian war. Figure 7 shows Lavinia and her 15 year old daughter alsonamed Lavinia.

Sister Sibella Ann, age 11. Sibella will eventually move to Lon-don by age 16 in 1850 and live with her Uncle William Pascoe at 13Queen Street. Sibella never married. At age 36 she joined her sisterLavinia and half brotherEdward on their fateful trip to France in 1870.

In 1845 Francis also had an additional half sister born to his step mother,Eliza Granger,living in Bristol. She was

Louisa Eleanor Pascoe, age 5

It is interesting to summarize in Table 2 the various ages of Francis’ many brothers and sisters from the timeFrancis was born in 1829 until he married Maria in 1848.

Table 2: Chronological Ages of Henry Pascoe’s Wives and Children

Year: 1829 1830 1832 1834 1836 1838 1840 1842 1846 1848 1850Father Henry 46 48 50 52 54 56 58 60 64 66 DiedAnn’s Thomas’ Children (Ann had died in 1820 at the age of 35)Ann 23 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 40 42 44Elizabeth 19 21 23 25 27 29 MarriedMary 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 Living with Sister BethuliaJohn 15 17 19 21 Married Moved to LondonEdward 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 Married Moved to LondonBethulia 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 Moved to London and married

Eliza Polkinghorn 26 28 30 32 DiedEliza Polkinghorn’s ChildrenThomas Died at 5yrsWilliam Died at 3yrsAlbert Died at 2yrsFrancis Born 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 To London Md 21Eliza Born 2 4 6 8 10 12 16 18 MarriedLavinia G. Born 2 4 6 8 10 14 16 18Sibella A. Born 2 4 6 8 12 14 16Lydia Born/Died

Eliza G.ranger Married 18 20 22 26 28 30Eliza Granger’s ChildrenEmma Born 2 DLouisa Born 2 6 8 10Harriet Born 3 D

Fig 7: Sibella A., 34 and Lavinia G.,36 Pascoe and 15 yr old (est)daughter, Lavinia, abt 1868

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As may be seen, the death of Francis’ older full brothers Thomas, William, and Albert was significant in that in1842 at the age of 13 Francis became his father’s oldest son who wasliving at home with him. It would beexpected that Henry would have taken young Francis with him on his many business trips and have tutored himwell, not only in metals and minerals, but also in the business end of the metallurgical mining and smeltingindustry.

It’s also interesting that in 1842 Francis would be living with a Father and a Step mother, Eliza Granger, sevenyounger sisters and a single 36 year old half sister Ann who never married. His half brothers John and Edwardwere married and operating their mineralist business in London. Three older half sisters had by this timerelocated to London.

Henry probably encouraged his young son Francis to move to London in 1845 at the age of 16 so that he couldbring smelting expertise to his half brothers John and Edward’s mineralist business. With the detailed traininghe had received from his father in Cornwall at a young age, Francis quickly became entrusted with traveling tothe Continent, building both copper and lead smelters. In later life Francis told his family specifically about hisbuilding of the following smelters:

About 1848 or 1849: a copper smelter at Berndorff Copper works for brothers Edward and John and aMonsieur Estevant.

1851: a copper smelter at Flamishfelt, Germany for Mr. John Blythe and Esquire Drake of England.

At the time Francis joined them, the Pascoe brothers operated out of their company headquarters located at 30Heneage Street, London. It’s both interesting and informative to study the listing of businesses operating alongHeneage Street. The beginning of Heneage Street was at 31 Brick Lane where a John Stanley had a brassfoundry. The London Street Directory then lists the following business and occupants on Heneage Street in1844 as follows:

1 Heneage St.: Baker, sugar refiner and Nathan, shop clothes maker2 Heneage St.: Samuel, slipper maker2 Heneage St.: John Turner, brewer4 Heneage St.: Mrs. Maria Goodman, carman4 Heneage St.: John Hartshorn, cooper4 Heneage St.: John Hartshorn Jr., watchspring maker14 Heneage St.: James Izzard, whiting mfg.30 Heneage St. (end of street): John Thomas Pascoe,

mineralogist

Figures 8 and 8a are photos taken in 2001 at the two ends ofHeneage Street. The Pascoe facility was at the eastern end of thestreet and because of the numbering probably occupied a signifi-cant portion of its length.

Reference to John Pascoe’s business began with the 1841 LondonStreet Directory. These entries were:

1842: John and Edward Pascoe, mineralogist, 30 Heneage1844: John Thomas Pascoe, mineralogist 30 Heneage St.1845: John Thomas Pascoe, mineralogist, 30 Heneage St.1846: John Thomas Pascoe, mineralogist, 30 Heneage St.1848: John T. Pascoe and Company, metal refiners and

mineralists, 30 Heneage St.1852: William Henry Crispin, metal refiner, 30 Heneage1856: John Thomas Pascoe and Company, Plough Road,Rotherhite, metallic& chemical mfg & mineral refiners.

Fig 8: The Western end of Heneage St.

Fig 8a: The Eastern end of Heneage Street(Pascoe’s shop would have been at the driveway.)

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With Francis bringing smelting expertise to the Pascoe brothers, it is significant that the business name waschanged in 1848 to John T. Pascoe and Company, metal refiners and mineralists. The Heneage facilities weresold prior to 1852 to William Henry Crispin, and by 1856 the Pascoe brothers had moved their companylocation to Rotherhite. By this time Francis had also added his expertise in chemical manufacturing to thecompany.

The 1859 directory no longer listed the John Thomas Pascoe business. Francis however had expanded hisprofessional business interests to include not only copper and lead smelter design and operations, but shippingand financing. It is reported that Francis and his brothers formed a London banking business. Also, a JohnCalvert, mgr metallurgical office was listed at 32 Soho Square and 189 Strand WC and it is very likely that heand Francis may have been business partners.

Other London street directory listings of interest are those for Thomas Husbands, Maria’s father.1844: Thomas Husbands, beer retailer, 16 John St., Limehouse fields.1845: Thomas Husbands, beer retailer, 16 John St., Limehouse fields.1846: Thomas Husbands, beer retailer, 16 John St., Limehouse fields.1848: Thomas Matthew Husbands, Seven Stars Public House, 22 Rosemary Lane1852: Thomas Matthew Husbands, Seven Stars Public House, 22 Rosemary Lane

It’s interesting to speculate that perhaps the lovely teenage Maria Husbands in addition to her dress making workpossibly occasionally accompanied her father as he picked up his beer supplies at the John Turner brewery onHeneage Street. Perhaps Francis became attracted to her as he strolled by the brewery on his way from work oneday and a suggestion may have been made to his brother Edward to arrange for an introduction.

In any event this long narration completes Francis’ story from Cornwall to London leading up to the romanticintroduction and love story in East London between two very important young people living close to each otherin 1848 in Whitechapel, London.

5. East End of London

While Francis relocated initially to the East End of London in 1845, Maria was born and raised on the East sideof London in 1830 some 15 years earlier. The “East End” is unofficially designated as an area east of the Cityof London wall and north of the Thames.

Historically London’s East End had attracted large numbers of rural people looking for employment. Successivewaves of foreign immigration beginning with Huguenot refugees created a new suburb in Spitalfields outside

Photos taken in 2001

Fig 9: Pub located at 2 Heneage St.

17

the city walls in the 17th century. They were followed by Irish weavers and later Ashkenazi Jews. Many of theseimmigrants worked in the clothing industry. The abundance of semi- and unskilled labor eventually led to lowwages and poor living conditions throughout the entire East End.

As a result London’s East End has long been a place of legends – the Whitechapel killing fields of Jack theRipper, the birthplace of Cockneys, the first stop in the country for immigrants and the haunt of ruffians Overthe course of a century, the East End became synonymous with poverty, overcrowding, disease and criminality.

And thus it was that little Maria grew up experiencing the extremes of both London’s poverty and affluence asdepicted in the sketch of Figure 10 and in William Powell Firth’s famous painting in Figure 11. The East Endalso suffered from the massive pollution from open livestock slaughtering areas depicted in Figure 12. Andwhen Francis arrived, the East End joined the rest of London with crowded omnibuses, freight carts, and generalconfusion of other horse drawn traffic as shown in Figure 13.

Of course the boundaries between London’s Boroughs, Districts, and Wards have changed throughout theyears and exact locations and relationships are sometimes difficult to find and often are confusing. To helprelate some of these East End Boroughs and Districts a modern day map of East London is given in Figure 14.

Fig 12: Spitalfields Open Cattle SlaughteringYard Fig 13: Typical 19th Century London RushHour

Fig 10: Typical 19th Century London East End Street

Fig 11: 19th Century Poverty and Wealth on London’s East Side

William Powell Firth

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A brief mention of the history of some of the various District and Area names in East London is interesting:

Shoreditch Parish was named after an ancient watercourse, ‘Soersditch’ meaning ‘Sewer Ditch.’ Themedieval parish of Shoreditch (St Leonard's), was originally part of the county of Middlesex until 1889

when it became part of the County of London.

Hoxton is a northwest area in Shoreditch Parish. Francis lived on Queen Street in Hoxton.

Haggerston is a northeast area of Shoreditch where LDS missionaries first concentrated their efforts in EastLondon in 1852,

Spitalfields is a contraction of 'hospital fields', in reference to "The New Hospital of St Mary withoutBishopsgate" founded here in 1197. By the later 19th century inner Spitalfields had eclipsed rival claimants tothe dubious distinction of being the worst criminal rookery of London with common lodging-houses in theFlower and Dean Street area being a focus for the activities of robbers and prostitutes. The latter street wasdubbed in 1881 as being "perhaps the foulest and most dangerous street in the metropolis".

Whitechapel, the name of the White Chapel was probably given a new chapel in admiration of its stateliness,or from the whitewash that even in the Middle Ages was frequently used by builders.

Stepney was derived from early names of Stebenhede, and in later documents Stebenhythe and Stebonheath.

Bethnal Green, a large house was built by the green (present day Victoria Park) known as Blithe Hall; changedto Bethen Hall Green, then Bednall Green and now Bethnal Green.

Limehouse probably got its name because of the soap, potash, alum & lime factories nearby.

Mile End takes its name from a milestone signifying the point one mile east of the boundary of the City ofLondon at Aldgate.

Fig 14: A Modern-day Map of East London Boroughs and Districts

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Holborn name may be derived from the Middle English "hol" for hollow, and bourne, a brook, referring to theRiver Fleet as it ran through a steep valley to the east. Holborn started out as an empty field beside the City.When a tollgate was installed, a tiny village grew up around it. By the 19th century, Holborn was poverty-ridden like much of the rest of East London.

Islington originally named by the Saxons. The name means 'Gi-sla's hill'. The name then later mutated toIsledon. In medieval times, Islington was just one of many small manors in the area. "Islington" came to beapplied as the name for the parish covering these villages.

Hackney is an area just north of Bethnal Green and has become a modern London Borough. The term“Hackney” is often applied to the less refined populace of East London. The name Hackney derives from a 5thor 6th century Saxon settlement known as “Haca's ey - or” meaning “raised ground in marshland.”

Shoreditch parish, in particular, was an important area for both Francis and Maria. Not only was Maria born inthis parish but her family had many homes in it. And of course Francis’ London home was with his UncleWilliam on Queen Street in Hoxton. A 19th Century map of Shoreditch Parish is shown in Figure 15.

All of the East London area names are in the ancient county name of Middlesex, and of course MiddlesexCounty deserves some explaining. It’s a Saxon name indicating the Saxon land between East Saxon (Essex)and West Saxon (Wessex). It was originally settled by the Celts and later Romans until lost to the Saxoninvasion. As a county it surrounded London town with East London being in the farthest SE corner of thecounty as shown in the map of Figure 16.

Francis’ London Homeat 13 Queen Street

IslingtonEdwardPascoe’sMansion

Fig 15: 19th Century Map of Shoreditch Parish

St. Leonards Church

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Fig 16: An early map of Middlesex County

Figure 17 dramatizes a personal Dickens-type East London poverty associated with thefollowing letter that Francis received from his sister Eliza’s daughter Eliza Jane Pascoe.Her letter follows: (letter typed from handwritten copy)

Perhaps it was this personal acquaintance with the grinding poverty abounding at that time in London’s EastEnd that attracted Francis and Maria to the Gospel with it’s goal of elevating the poor by helping to build theZion society intended by the Lord.

Undated (probably written in 1867)

No 1 Sedney TerraceGrove RoadVictora Park

My Dear Uncle, Aunt, and Cousins,

I now take my pen in hand to write these few lines to you hoping to find you all quite well has it leaves meat present. Dear Uncle I am sorry to say that my Mother is dead. She died in her confinment in November25, 1865 and left me and three more sisters. My sisters are in the workhouse and we have nobody to helpus any. Father spends all is money in drink, he never gives me a penny towards buying my clothes. I feel mymother’s loss very much. I am now in service and got to work hard for little I get. Dear Uncle could youspar a little money to get a little business for myself and sisters. I would like to have my sisters out of theworkhouse. Dear Uncle, will you send me all your likenesses and I will send mine and mothers when Iwrite again. Dear Uncle I should like to see you all. I think it is about 8 years since I see you. Must nowsay goodbye. I will write longer letter next time. With kindness love and kisses to you all. I remain youraffectionate Neice,

Eliza Jane Pascoe (Do write by return post.)

Dickens

Fig 17: East LondonPoverty

London

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6. Maria’s Story

Margaret Maria Husbands was born at South’s Building, St. Leonard Parish in Shoreditch, Middlesex, onSunday October 17, 1830. She was the oldest of seven children with four sisters and two brothers to help tendas she grew older. Her birth home has not yet been identified, but it was likely in the Shoreditch area since mostof her family’s many moves were there.

Maria was named for her mother Margaret Maria, and was called Maria to distinguish between them.

Some contradiction exists as to where Maria’s father, Thomas Husbands, was actually born.* Similaruncertainties as to dates and name spellings exist for Maria’s mother, Margaret Maria Weight.**

Maria’s mother Margaret was christened in Holborn, St. Andrew Parish in Middlesex apparently in January1803. However her birth year has been calculated to be anywhere from1801 to 1810. Margaret’s parents werealso born in the Holborn area in the 1770’s.

The known family homes beginning with Maria’s birth were:

1830: Maria was born and christened at St. Leonards Parish, Shoreditch1832: Her sister Harriet was born at St. Botolph, Bishopgate but christened in Christ Church Parish,

Spitalfields, Stepney.1833: Her sister Eliza was born in London town, Middlesex and christened in St. Anne’s Parish,

Soho, Westminster, London. Unfortunately Eliza died when she was four years old.1836: Her sister Clara was born and christened in Christ Church Parish, Spitalfields, Stepney.1838: Her brother William was born at 2 Jeffrey’s Court, Grey Eagle Street and christened in Christ

Church Parish, Spitalfields, Stepney.1841: Her sister Leah was also christened in Christ Church Parish.1844: Her brother Charles was born at 27 Wilkes Street, Whitechapel but christened in Christ

Church Parish, Spitalfields, Stepney1848: Maria was living on Montague St. Leonard’s Parish, Shoreditch when she married. (Now called

Old Montague)1848-1852: Maria’s parent’s family probably moved to Seven Stars Public House at 22 Rosemary

Lane, 61 Royal Mint Avenue, Whitechapel.

When Maria’s father was 29 he was working as a watchman in St. Leonard’s Parish. Eight years later he wasworking as a carman and six years later in 1844 when he was 43 he was listed as a brewer’s servant. Howeverthat year he may have been able to get his own pub on Johns Street in Limehouse Fields. It is likely that heobtained the beer for his pub from John Turner’s brewery on Hineage St. At this time Francis was living onQueen St, 1 mile from Hineage and Maria Husbands on Montague. Old Montage St was only 2 blocks fromHineage. They may have met while her father was loading his beer wagon at Turner’s brewery on Hineage.

Table 3 lists Maria’s family’s ages and residences as she was growing up:

*Some contradiction exists as to the correct parents for Thomas (1) Husbands. While the Husbands family Bible give Thomas (1)’s birthdate andbirthplace (12 January 1801 in Bishop’s Frome, Herefordshire) a professional researcher (Raymond V. Foster) hasnot been able to find any Husbandschildren christened there from 1799 to 1805. He assumed without actual documentation that Thomas’ father was likely Thomas Whiall Husbands.However the witnesses at Thomas (1) and Maria Husbands wedding were a Henry and Mary Husbands. An unidentified Family Group Sheet found inLavinia Oblad’s records (typed in 1981) recorded Thomas (1)’s christening on 13 Aug 1802 in St. Bartholowmew the Great Parish in London. Thischristening however is for a Thomas Husband whose parents were Thomas(2) and Sarah Husband. The parents of Thomas (2) may have been Henry andMary Husbands suggesting that Thomas (1) had been named after his father Thomas (2) and that he had a brother Henry named after his grandfatherHenry Thomas. This would be in accordance with the general naming rules for English children of that time. Further documentation is of course needed.

**On her children’s birth registration her last name was spelled “Waight” which is the spelling of the English records. In Utah her family used thespelling of “Weight”. However her marriage record gave her name as “Weaght”.

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As may be seen from this listing, when Maria was eleven she undoubtedly had the care of sisters who were 9, 5,and 1/2 years and a 3-yr old brother.

Maria also developed into an excellent seamstress at an early age. As noted before, her talents were sufficientlywell know in the Whitechapel area that she was invited to become a personal seamstress and companion toLady Pascoe in Islington leading of course to the important introduction to Francis.

And now for the rest of the Story.

7. Francis James Polkinghorn Pascoe and Margaret Maria Husbands in London

In spite of Francis’ parents status as religious dissenters, FJP and Maria were married at St. Leonard’s Episcopalianparish on the day before Christmas. Holiday marriages were in vogue since the groom would then only have tomiss his holiday away from work. It is likely that Maria’s parents were Episcopalians and the newly wedcouple would have been well received in St. Leonard’s.

East London in 1848 of course was not a very desirable place in which to bring your new bride. Dense smokefrom coal-fired fireplaces and open sewage running in the streets created a cholera epidemic in 1848. Francissought refuge in what he had hoped would be the somewhat cleaner suburbs of Southwark across the Thamesriver.

The family moves after marriage can be approximated from Francis and Maria’s children’s birth certificates aswell as from England’s 1851 Census. Like most professionals, Francis eventually moved his family regularlyalmost every year. Such frequent moving was not unusual in those times as families tried to better their livingaccommodations. Also Francis was becoming more successful in his metallurgical work and could affordbetter housing for his steadily increasing large size family.

A listing of the various Pascoe family homes where children were born would be:Francis Adolphus 1850 Locksfield, Trinity Parish, Newington, Southwark, SurreyBritannia 1851 St. Savior Parish, Newington, Southwark, SurreyHenry 1853 St. Savior Parish, Newington, Southwark, Surrey

Table 3: Chronological ages of Thomas Husbands family

Year: 1830 1832 1833 1836 1838 1841 1844 1848Father Thomas 29 31 32 35 37 40 43 47Mother Margaret 27 29 30 33 35 38 41 45Maria born 2 3 6 8 11 14 Md-18Harriet born 1 4 6 9 12 16Eliza born 2 DClara born 2 5 8 12William born 3 6 10Leah born 3 7Charles born 4

St Leonards Bishop Gate

Soho Westminster Spitalfields

Spitalfields Spitalfields

Spitafields Montague

Fam

ily R

esid

ence

s

23

Julia 1855 St. Mary’s Rotherhite Parish, Rotherhite, SurreyLorenzo 1857 Bethnal Green, MiddlesexEliza 1859 Bethnal Green, Middlesex*

It’s interesting to take a modern-day photographic trip for these various East London locations as shown inFigures 18 to 27. With the exception of the Bethnal Green home, the original homes have probably now beenreplaced. However, it is felt that the substantial Bethnal Green home is likely to actually be the originalstructure that Francis had built for his family a few years before immigrating to America.

A recently printed London map covering East London-Southwark-Rotherhite areas is shown in Figure 28. Theblack circles on this map suggest the probable locations of the important homes and facilities that were importantin Francis and Maria’s London history. Reference numbers for the black location circles on this map aresummarized in Table 4.

Figs 21-22: Francis Adophus’ Birthplace, 1 ChathamPlace

Locksfields, Trinity Parish, Southwark, Surrey ( No 10)

Fig 18: Queen Sq, Finsbury. Francis was living on 13 Queen St, Shoreditch in 1848 before marriage. (No 6)

Fig 19: Old Montague Street, Shoreditch.Maria was living on Montague Street in 1848before marriage. (No 8)

Fig 20: Heneage Street, ShoreditchFrancis worked at the far end of this street.Heneage is 1 mile from Queen St and 1/4 milefrom Old Mantague Street. (No 7)

Fig 23: Francis and Maria lived hereat Greenwalk St., Southwark in 1851

(No 11)

Fig 24: Britannia was born at 20 Zoar St, St. Savior Parish, Southwark in 1851 (No 12)

Fig 25: The Pascoe’s lived at 94 Great Guildford, St. Savior Parish, Newington, Southwark, Surry when Henry was born in 1853 (No 13)

Fig 26: Julia’s Birthplace, 15 Yeoman StreetStMary’s Rotherhite Parish, Rotherhite,

Surrey, 1855 (No 14)

Fig 27: Lorenzo, 1857, and probablyEliza, 1859, were born here at1 Holybush Gardens, Bethnal Green (No 15)

*No English birth registration for Eliza can be found. One interesting possibility is perhaps with her father’s many travels she was bornsomewhere other than England. The Provo, Utah 1880 Census lists a 22 year old Eliza Craig who was the wife of a Henry Craog. She was bornin Switzerland. However this Eliza’s parents were reported to have also been born in Switzerland. While Eliza Pascoe married a Henry C. Craigfamily records suggest that this marriage wasn’t until 1885.

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Fig 28: A Modern-day London Map Showing Locations of Various Homes and Facilities Important in Francis and Maria’s London History

To Soho 1

3 4, 5

6

7

9

12

10

11

13

14

15

16

2 28

25

Table 4: Locations of Important London Events for Francis and Maria Pascoe(The numbers refer to the black circles on the map of Figure 17)

1. In 1830 the Husbands family were living in South’s Building, St.Leonards Parish, Shoreditch where Maria was born.2. In 1832 the Husbands family moved to St. Botolph Bishops Gate, Middlelsex where Harriet was born.3. In 1833 the Husbands family moved to St. Anne’s Parish, Soho by Charing Cross where Eliza was born.4. In 1836-38 the Husbands family moved into Grey Eagle Street, Christ Church Parish, Spitalfields, Shoreditch

where Clara and William were born..5. In 1841-44 the Husbands family were living on Wilkes Street, Christ Church Parish, Spitalfields, Shoreditch where

Charles was born. His older sister Leah was likely born here also.6. In 1845, Francis moved to London to live with his Uncle William Pascoe on Queen Street, Shoreditch.7. In 1845, Francis began working with his brother John in his assay and mineralist shop on 30 Heneage Street.8. In 1848 Maria was living on Montague Row (probably now Old Montague in Whitechapel.9. In 1848 Francis and Maria were married in St Leonards Chapel, Shoreditch.10. In 1850 Francis and Maria first child Francis Adolphus was born at1 Chatham Place, Locksfields, Newington,

Southwark, Surrey.11. In 1851 the Pascoe family were living on Greenwalk St. Southwark, Surrey as recorded in the 1851 Census. This is

probably where they were living when they joined the LDS Church since the Theobold Branch was was only1/4 mile away. (See Figure 30)

12. Later in 1851 the Pascoe family moved to 20 Zoar St, St Savior Parish, Southwark, Surrey where Britannia wasborn. This home was only a few blocks from Shakespear’s Globe theater on the Thames River.

13. In 1853 the Pascoe family had moved to 94 Great Guilford St., Southwark, Surrey where Henry was born.14. In 1855 the Pascoe family had moved to 15 Yeoman St., Rotherhite, Surrey where Julia was born.15. In 1857 the Pascoe family built their home at 1 Holybush Gardens, Bethnal Green where both Lorenzo and Eliza

were born.16. Location of the LDS Whitechapel Branch in 1999-2001.

References:1. FHL Film 0396238, No. 20632. Harriet’s entry in LEO PAF file.3. Eliza’s entry in LEO PAF file.4. William’s Birth Certificate, Feb 27, 18385. Charles’ Birth Certificate, Mar 20, 1844.6. 1851 Census, Shoreditch, Hoxton Old Town, Folio 55 and Francis and Maria Marriage Certificate No 243.7. 1848 London Post Office Directory.8. Francis and Maria Marriage Certificate, Dec 24, 1843, No 243.9. Francis and Maria Marriage Certificate, Dec 24, 1843, No 243.10. Francis Adolphus’ Birth Certificate, Jan 11, 1850, No 44411. 1851 Census, Southwark.12. Britannia’s Birth Certificate, Dec 15, 1851, No. 18713. Henry’s Birth Certificate, Nov 22, 1833, No. 2314. Julia’s Birth Certificate, Dec 12, 1853, No. 28115. Lorenzo’s Birth Certificate, Nov 23, 1857, No. 371

.

Fig 29: The Theobold Road LDs Branch was 1/4 milefrom Francis and Maria’s 1851 Greenwalk Home.

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And as the Pascoe family moved from home to home, the children were growing up through their formativeyoung years as shown in Table 5.

And of course many important family events occurred as the family moved from home to home.

Francis rapidly and energetically became a hard working industrialist so that by the time the family emmigratedto Zion, he may have been worth a million 1860 dollars (some $10 or $20 million in 2008 dollars.) Hisrelationship with his father gradually improved so that in 1850 Henry visited Maria and his 3-month old grandson“Frank” (Francis A.). Francis Sr. was in Germany building another smelter. Unfortunately Father Henry diedshortly after that visit. By this time Henry undoubtedly realized what a gracious and talented wife his sonFrancis had chosen and would now have divided his significant estate between his three sons, John, Edward,and Francis Pascoe.

Shortly after Henry’s 1850 visit, Maria took baby Frank with her and joined Francis in Germany for a tour ofthe Continent.

Upon their return in 1851, Prince Albert’s famous Industrial Crystal Palace in Hyde Park undoubtedly excitedand tutored Francis future showmanship talents. Many years later he would be displaying these talents inpromoting Salt Lake Fairs and Industrial Exhibits.

A depiction of the London Crystal Palace is shown in Figure 30.

Table 5: Age and Residence Chronology for Francis and Maria’s Family in London

Year: 1848 1850 1851 1853 1855 1857 1859 1860

Francis 19 21 22 24 26 28 30 31Maria 18 20 21 23 25 27 29 30Francis A. Bn 1 3 5 7 9 10Britannia Bn 2 4 6 8 9Henry Bn 2 4 6 7Julia Bn 2 4 5Lorenzo Bn 2 4Eliza Bn 1

ShoreditchSouthwark

SouthwarkSouthwark

SouthwarkRotherhite

Bethnal GreenSalt Lake City

Fam

ily R

esid

ence

s

Fig 30: Prince Albert’s 1851 Crystal Palace, London, 1851

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Francis and Maria were involved culturally with Victorian London of the 1850’s. They attend as time permittedmany London concerts, plays and dances. Maria becomes a talented musician. Perhaps Francis developed hislove and sponsorship for the future Salt Lake Theater because of his experience attending Shakespear playsand dramas in the beautiful Hoxton Britannia Theater shown in Fig 31.

And in 1854 the Crimean War began and 24 year old Maria managed to find time to help with the war effort.

Francis’ metallurgical business was now expanding and growing as witnessed by his 1853 and 1859 businesscards for his offices in Southwark and in Bethnal Green shown in Figures 32 and 33.

Professionally Francis has developed a profitable metallurgical, shipping, and banking business and is rapidlybecoming very wealthy as witnessed by the home he built in Bethnal Green shown previously in Figure 27

Events now are moving rapidly for major changes in the Pascoe’s lives as they encounter the LDS missionaries.It was noted in Figure 29 that the Pascoe home was only 1/4 miles from the LDS chapel on Theobold Road.

Fig 31. Stage Scene in Hoxton Britannia Theater in 1858(Perhaps Francis and Maria are in one of the box seats.)

done

Fig 32: Francis’ 1853 Business Card in Southwark Fig 33: Francis’ 1859 Business Card in Bethnal Green

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8. The Pascoe/Husbands Families Join the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints

Unfortunately, many details are not available on Francis and Maria’s conversion to the LDS church and it’simportant influence on their lives before immigrating to Zion in 1860.

With respect to religion, Francis came from a long line of dissenting families with his father’s family belongingto Methodist churches. Maria’s family on the other hand appeared to have been Episcopalians. However in1851 Francis and Maria were living on Greenwalk Street only 1/4 mile from the LDS Theobold Road Branchwith LDS missionaries actively proselyting in their neighborhood. Thus it is likely that the LDS missionariesbegan meeting with Francis and Maria around that time. With Francis’ intimate acquaintance with the details ofthe dissenting non-Episcopalian religions, it became easy for him to accept the message of the restored gospel.Maria easily followed her husband’s conversion and they both accepted baptism probably in 1853. At that timetheir children, Frank, Britannia, and Henry were 3yrs 2 yrs, and 1 month.

When in 1857 the family moved to Bethnal Green, the local LDS Hackney Branch was meeting in the OldWhitechapel Hall. It’s interesting to note that the baptismal font that was in the Whitechapel Hall was movedinto Francis’ Bethnal Green home in 1858 when the old facility was vacated and the Hackney Branch relocatedto North Street, Mile End. At that time Francis was called to be the first Branch President of the newly formedWhitechapel Branch.

William H. Oblad’s history notes that Maria also held positions in the newly formed Whitechapel Branch, andthat they opened their home for meetings of the new converts for several years. Thus the Pascoe home becamethe stopping place for all the Elders in that District and for those traveling through including many of thedistinguished Elders of the Church. Eventually the local Elders obtained a meeting hall for the rapidly growingWhitechapel Branch.

It’s interesting to note that 140 years later Francis would have a great grandson, Leonard Olds, who was calledto serve a Senior mission in a newly reformed, 3-yr old Whitechapel Ward. By this time, in the year 2000,75% of the members of the Whitechapel Ward were from West Africa. An anniversary picture of the modernWhitechapel Ward is shown in Figure 34. The birthday cake celebrating the Ward’s third anniversary is shownin Figure 35.

The present rented Whitechapel meeting house is not far from the Whitechapel Underground station where nowthe Bangladeshi immigrants hold a weekly market as shown in Figure 36.

Fig 34: Whitechapel Ward Members in 2000 Fig 35: Whitechapel Ward’s 3rd AnniversaryCake, 2000

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Francis and Maria’s conversion to the LDS Church had a significant impactupon Maria’s parent’s family. First of the Husbands family to join wasMaria’s brother William who was baptized when he was 15 in December1853 just six months after Maria. Three years later in 1856 her sisterHarriet joined at the age of 24. Probably around 1857, her twenty oneyear old sister Clara and her husband Richard Winn likely also werebaptized. (Clara and Richard had married two years earlier in 1857.)

Maria’s father died in 1857 without joining the Church An interestingfamily story is told about an 1857 conversation he had with Francis whereinhe told Francis that he was thinking about joining his Church. Francis told

him that he better not wait too long. However within a week after this conversation, Thomas Husbands waskilled when a beer vat fell off a cart and hit him on the head, as told by Leah Pascoe Olds.

Maria’s mother Margaret Husbands London baptismal date has not yet been located, but it is likely that it wasseveral years after her children joined, probably sometime after the death of her husband.

Finally Maria’s brother Charles joined when he was 14 in 1858.

In 1854 William’s future wife, Sarah Curtis joined the LDS Church when she was 18 and William was 16.Sarah’s family, the Curtis’, also joined the Church the same time she did.

Because these conversion and baptisms to the LDS Church had such an impact on the Pascoe/Husbands family,it’s informative to summarize their various individual baptismal date as best that they can be determined:

Francis and Maria Pascoe Feb 25, 1853 (or 1857)* 23 and 24 yrs old (or 4 yrs older)William Husbands Dec 22, 1853 16 yrs oldSarah Curtis Dec 21, 1854 18 1/2 yrs oldHarriet Husbands Feb 20, 1856 14 yrs oldClara Husbands and Richard Winn 1857 (about) 21 and 23 yrs oldMargaret Maria Husbands 1857 (about) 54 yrs oldFrancis Adolphus Pascoe May 16, 1858 8 yrs oldCharles Husbands Jun 20, 1858 14 yrs old

It’s not known whether Leah Husbands joined the LDS Church. When she was 17 she had married WilliamRichard Brown, but apparently divorced him and married James Tilford See around 1862 at the age of 21. Norecord can be found for Leah and James emmigrating to America.

It’s also interesting to note the circumstances around Sarah Curtis’ baptism. Her parents, Joseph and SarahCurtis, had joined the Church one month earlier than Sarah, probably as the result of fellowshiping by Francisand Maria. This gave the opportunity for their 18 yr old daughter Sarah and 16 yr old William Husbands toenjoy the social activities of the Whitechapel Branch leading to their eventual marriage just a few days beforethe Husbands family left for Liverpool. Thus William and Sarah’s honeymoon was essentially spent in thecrowded steerage accommodations aboard their ship The Underwriter.

9. Preparations for Immigration to America

The 1850’s was a time period when Brigham Young had asked all missionaries in Europe to specifically encourage

Fig 36: Whitechapel Rd Market in 1999

* Offical temple records record baptismal year as 1857; However other records give the year as 1853. The earlier date is felt to be correct.

30

talented industrialists to immigrate to Utah and help build Zion. In 1859, the Saints had only been in Utah for12 years and they were still essentially isolated from the rest of the country. Men who were able to organize anddevelop manufacturing business were desperately needed.

Francis was now a well established and respected industrialist of significant means. It’s easy to visualize thediscussions with missionaries encouraging him to follow Brigham Young’s counsel. And so it was that in 1859,after six years spiritual growth and development in the Lord’s restored Gospel, Francis and Maria beganconsidering their momentous decision: Should Francis sell his many business interests and the family immigrateto Zion in Salt Lake City?

Francis was just the man that was needed in Zion. At age 30 he had utilized the training his father and brotherJohn had given him and had built personal business interests in mining ventures, smelters, international shipping,and other very successful financial investments. Closing these business out in time to participate with hisfellow saints in their spring immigration of 1860 would be a challenge.

But both Francis and Maria had strong testimonies of the Restored Gospel and knew that they were called byHeavenly Father to sacrifice ease and comforts and do their part in building the Kingdom of God in respondingto the call of the Prophet.

In July of 1859 after serious family prayers, preparations began in earnest to close out their affairs in London.Maria had just given birth to Eliza in June of that year. Thus it was that when the family finally left their homeand boarded their ship in March 1860 they now consisted of:

Father Francis J. P. Pascoe 31Mother Margaret Maria Pascoe, 30Frank Pascoe 10Britannia Pascoe 9Henry Pascoe 7Julia Pascoe 5Lorenzo Pascoe 3Eliza Pascoe 9 months

It’s also important to remember that both Francis and Maria were well educated and knew much about worldaffairs including details of the uncivilized “Wild West” of the United States which of course included themineral riches of both California and the Rocky Mountains.

They also well knew about the rigors of ocean travel in the 1860’s and the long train ride from New York toFlorence, Nebraska as well as the long ox cart trip through Indian country. All in all it would be a 7000 milejourney requiring a six month time commitment out of busy lives.

Preparations in themselves required significant personal attention. The most pressing problem for Francis washow to transfer his extensive business holdings into transportable wealth that would allow him to finance hiscontributions to the industrializing of the young Salt Lake City of the mid 19th Century. There of course wasno reliable banking system to help solve this serious problem. Family legends tell of the hiding of thousands ofdollars (or British pounds) in gold by various methods including Maria sewing gold sovereigns into the buttonson her dresses. Francis also undoubtedly made signifiant contributions to the LDS immigration funds both inLondon and after he arrived in Florence.

Maria’s mother and brothers and sisters were also busy making preparations to join Francis and Maria and theirfamily on this exciting adventure.

On Francis’ side, in 1860 he would be leaving many of his extended family and friends behind including thefollowing:

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Sister Eliza Jane Pascoe, 29, who had married her cousin James Anthony Polkinghorne Pascoe. Theyhad moved several places in the London area as their children were being born including in1859 the following:

Eliza born in Hoxton New Town, Shoreditch in 1851Ellen born in Islington, Middlesex in 1852Frederick Octavus born in Hoxton in 1853 and died in 1856Sibella Ann born in 1855 in Clerkenwell, MiddlesexFrederick James born in 1858 in Clerkenwell. Frederick will die at the age of 8.Lavinia will be born in 1860 in Islington East, Islington

Her daughter Eliza is the niece who wrote the letter shown on page 20 to Francis in 1867.

Sister Lavinia Gertrude Pascoe, 27 and Sister Sibella Ann Pascoe, 25: Lavinia and Sibella had come toLondon in their teen age years and stayed with their Uncle William on Queen Street in Shoreditch. Apparentlyneither had married but Lavinia had a daughter named Lavinia in about 1855. The sisters were close to theirhalf brother Edward who accompanied them to Paris in 1870 where they became civilian casualties in 1870 inthe Franco-Prussian war. Little is known about Lavinia’s daughter (Francis’ niece) Lavinia. Perhaps shetraveled with her mother to Paris when she was about 15 in 1870 and may have also been killed along with hermother , her Aunt Sibella, and her half-Uncle Edward.

(When sisters Lavinia and Sibella died in 1870 Francis would no longer have any full family members stillliving. His mother had died in 1836 and his father in 1850. Brothers, Thomas, William, and Albert had diedbefore he was born, his sister Eliza had died in 1865, Lavinia and Sibella died in 1870 and sister Lydia died afew months after her mother Eliza Polkinghorne Pascoe passed away.)

Francis’ widowed 39 year old step mother, Eliza Granger Pascoe Boon. Eliza had remarried four yearsearlier to John Boon and was still living in Bristol. Eliza’s 3 children were all deceased.

In 1860 Francis had two half brothers and four half sisters that were still living and who were children ofHenry’s first wife Ann. They were:

Half sister Ann, 54, unmarried and probably living with relatives in Bristol.

Half sister Elizabeth Prust, 54. Elizabeth married William Prust and had three living sons all born inBristol. They had moved to the Hackney, London area in the 1850’s, In 1860 Francis’s Prust nephews were:

William Prust, 19Frederick Octavus Prust, 15Theopholus Prust, 12

The Prust boys eventually all married local girls and raised extensive Prust families all living around the Hackneyarea of London for many years.

Half sister Mary Pascoe, 48. Mary was living with her sister Bethulia in London in 1851. She nevermarried.

Half brother John Pascoe, 46. Francis was very close to John who had helped him get started inmetallurgy when Francis came to London in 1845. John apparently led the way for many of Henry’s childrento relocate to the London area. John married Susannah Ship in Bristol but moved his family to Bitton wheretheir first three children were born. In 1840 they moved to Mile End, Middlesex where their last three childrenwere born, two of whom died young. When John died in 1871 at the age of 57 he was listed as a Publican. Johnand Susannah had four surviving sons all of whom married and raised their families in the London area. In1860 these nephews were:

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John Pascoe, 25, married Mary Searston in 1858Edward Pascoe, 23. He married Harriet Davis in 1860 just before Francis sailed.Alfred Pascoe, 22, married Sarah Deller in 1858Theodore Pascoe, 15. He will marry Jane Day in 1872

Half brother Edward Pascoe, 43. When Edward was 25 he married Harriet Clark in Bristol. Shortlythereafter however he left Harriet in Bristol and relocated to London to join his brother John forming the “Johnand Edward Pascoe Mineralogists” business. Edward apparently then left John and became associated in somemanner with French royalty. He possibly married a French wife who became known as Lady Pascoe andbought a mansion in Islington. Lady Pascoe was instrumental in introducing Francis to Maria. ApparentlyEdward never had any children.

While details are not known, for some reason Edward apparently took his half sisters (Francis’ full sisters)Lavinia and Sibella with him to France either before or during the 1870 Franco-Prussian war. They likely hadgone to visit Paris and probably became civilian casualties there when the German bombarded Paris.

The high number of civilian casualties in this war may be attributed to the fact that there were three sieges, twoof which were of fairly long duration. The sieges were at Sedan, Metz and Paris. Paris also experienced theCommunards bloody struggle with the national government in which civilian casualties were very high.

Figure 37 depicts vividly the bombardment as the French resist the German advance on Paris.

Francis’ final direct relative, Half sister Bethulia Pascoe, 39. Bethulia had come to London probablywith her brother John and eventually in 1842 at the age of 22 married her cousin John Edwin PolkinghornePascoe in Southwark. In 1985, four years before Francis and Maria left for Zion, Bethulia and her family ofthree living children immigrated to Adelaide, Australia.

Bethulia’s children in Australia in 1859 included:William Edwin Pascoe, 16Frederick James Pascoe, 14Bethulia Ann Pascoe, 12Elizabeth Jane Pascoe, 9

And so it was that in the beginning of early spring in 1860, a closure was brought to the Pascoe/Husband familyhistory in England and the adventure began for the exciting combined ocean, train, and ox cart trip to their newhome in the infant LDS Zion settlement in the American West.

The Battle of Villejuif Siege of Paris 1870

Fig 37: Exchanging Canon Fire in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870

Artist: Jean-Baptiste Edouard Detaille

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10. The Road to Zion for the Pascoe and Husbands Families Includes an Ocean Voyage

a. Margaret Husband’s Family Lead the Way

Of course initial plans often go astray, and such was the case for the Pascoe/Husbands planned immigration toZion in 1860.

With “good-byes” to relatives almost completed, plans were made for the Pascoe/Husbands families to join the1860 Church immigration company scheduled to leave Liverpool on Friday March 30, 1860. This companywas to be presided over by Elder James D. Ross with James Taylor and John Croft as counselors. The sailingcontract had been made with the big Underwriter sailing vessel for a large company of Saints some 600 in all.

Unfortunately Francis Pascoe was having difficulty closing his extensive business affairs in a sufficientlytimely way that would allow his family to leave with the immigrating group. His various holdings includedbanking and shipping, interests as well as various mining, and smelting ventures in both Germany and Englandpossibly involving as much as several millions of British pounds. Considerable financial sacrifice would bothneeded to be made and was made in order to meet any type of sailing date in 1860.

However because of the problems of his business closures there was no practical way for the Pascoe family tojoin with the Husbands family for the Liverpool sailing. Thus it was that the Pascoe/Husbands families becameseparated with Maria’s mother and family leaving for Liverpool by train some time in March while Francis andMaria stayed in London making frantic last minute preparations for their own trip.

Now would be a great time to present a comparative chronology of the separate immigrations of the now sepa-rated Pascoe and Husbands families. Table 6 compares the two individual “Journeys to Zion” listing the depar-ture and arrival dates for both the Ocean Crossing and the Plains Crossing for the two families.

Note that while Francis left two months after the Husbands family did, they arrived in Salt Lake only one monthlater than the Husbands as a result of their more rapid ocean crossing on a steamship. All in all the Husbandsfamily spent an overall 158 days from start to finish while the Pascoe’s only took 132 days.

Unfortunately, the Husbands family also had become fragmented, leaving two of the family in London, Clarawho had married Richard Winn and Leah Husbands. Because of her impending birth, Clara Husbands Winnand her husband Richard Winn were unable to make the voyage on the Underwriter but were to follow on thenext ship. Unfortunatyely they got temporarily stranded in Philadelphia for lack of funds, and didn’t arrive in

Table 6: Journey to Zion for the Pascoe/Husbands Families

Family Ship/Company Departure Arrival Time

Ocean crossings

Husbands Underwriter Liverpool---- Fri Mar 30, 1860 New York--Tue May 1, 1860 31 daysPascoe Vanderbilt Southampton--Sat May 26, 1860 New York--Mon Jun 4, 1860 9 days

Plains Crossings

Husbands Ross Florence---Mon Jun 18, 1860(abt) Salt Lake--Mon Sep 3, 1860 76 daysPascoe Budge Florence---Thur Jul 19, 1860 Salt Lake--Fri Oct 5, 1860 77 days

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Salt Lake until either 1861 or 1862* A copy of Richard Winn’s 1861 letter from Philadelphia to the Pascoe/Husband’s family in Salt Lake is given in Appendix C-4.

Two years earlier in 1858 Mariah’s sister, Leah, had married William Richard Brown. Apparently neither hadjoined the LDS Church, and accordingly elected not to emmigrate with the family. Thus Leah stays in Londonand in about 1862 she eventually married James Tilford See.

Thus those of the Husbands family taking the March 30, 1860 Underwriter voyage were the following:Mother Margaret Maria Husbands 57Harriet Husbands 28William Husbands 22 and wife Sarah Curtis Husbands 24Charles Husbands 16

And so it was that eventually the Husbands family arrived in Liverpool where they boarded their ship, theUnderwriter, stowed their luggage, and were underway on March 30, 1860. There were 594 Saints on the shipwith seventy from Switzerland, and the others from the British mission. Elder James D. Ross and his twocounselors presided over the saints who were divided into wards of around 75 people per ward. Each day beganwith daily prayer, gospel study, and scripture reading. The women were cautioned to stay away from the sailors.Food consisted of rice, oatmeal, dry biscuits, flour, dried peas, and some salty meat. Water was rationed andbecame very bitter by the end of the voyage. There were four deaths and four marriages while making thecrossing. (See Appendix C-1 for Ellen Bennett’s story of the ocean voyage of the Underwirter.)

The Underwriter Captained by John Pratt Roberts arrived at the Castle Gardens Immigration Center, New Yorkon 1 May 1860 after four weeks on the Atlantic. The excitement of a typical sailing ship such as the Underwriterarriving in Castle Gardens is depicted in Figure 38. (Castle Gardens Immigration Center predated Ellis Island bymany years.)

The Church had arranged passage for most of the saints aboard the ship under the Perpetual Emigration fund.Francis however had personally financed the entire trip for the Husbands family.

*With Francis’ large wealth in London it’s interesting to speculate as to why he didn’t help Clara’s family continue on with an 1860 crossing of theplains. It has been suggested that the LDS Church took advantage of Francis and used his funds to finance future immigration. However RichardWinn’s 1861 letter refers to Francis having experienced two lost boxes on his trip, possibly on the ocean voyage. Perhaps these boxes contained someof Francis’ funds possibly explaining why Maria sewed some of the gold coins into her dress buttons. In any event Francis daughter Leah told hergrandson Leonard Olds that her father remained a solid supporter of Brigham Young throughout his entire life suggesting that he never felt that theChurch ever robbed him of his funds contrary to that reported in the Oblad history.

Samuel WaughFig 38: Painting of Immigrants arriving at Castle Gardens, New York

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After being processed through immigration, Margaret Husbands’ company rested one day and then boarded alarge steam powered side-wheel paddleboat for Albany. They then traveled on the Hannibal and St. Josephrailroad to the Missouri River. The group then traveled up river to St. Joseph and on to Winter Quarters, whichlater would be called Florence. Riverboat fares were fifty cents for adults and half price for children undertwelve. They were on the river for five days. At Florence, the Husband family was outfitted with an oxcartprobably with their financing again previously arranged by Francis in London.

James D. Ross, recently released as First Counselor in the European Mission, now again took the responsibilityof guiding a company of some 249 individuals across the plains to Salt Lake. Of the 35 wagons in the companyten of them were Swiss immigrants. All of the immigrants, including Captain Ross were inexperienced infrontier living and plains travel. Many humorous stories are told about the first time they were introduced totheir oxen and everyone had to learn how to harness and drive these very cantankerous animals.

They left Florence, Nebraska (the old Winter Quarters) in mid June of 1860. On July 2 they were at Wood RiverCenter. They celebrated July 4th celebration at Fort Kearny. They saw large herds of strange looking animalscalled buffalos, and hunted deer and bears.

Charles Husbands was a boy of 16 at the time the family left England. In Richard Winn’s 1861 letter he notedthat: “We all felt a little mad when we heard of Charles being left on the plains in the manner by that humanegentleman Mr. Starke. Had he been present when we heard of it, he probably would have got an overhauling.”It would be interesting to hear Charles’ tell his story about this episode on the plains in 1860.

The Ross Company struggled through thunderstorms and endured the ever begging Indians. They passednumerous trading posts where all goods to buy were at inflated prices. They passed Fort Laramie on July 27 andcamped on the Platte River on August 5th. Their last camp was at Emigration Canyon on Sunday September 2ndwhere Wilford Woodruff, George A. Smith, Lorenzo Snow, and Franklin D. Richards visited the camp. The nextday they drove into the Valley and were greeted by Brigham Young and Daniel H. Wells. Upon disbanding totheir assigned homes, they expressed great appreciation for Captain Ross.*

Of course in the September/October time frame of each year in Salt Lake, the City becomes full of incomingwagon trains. Undoubtedly the new comers were welcomed by local Bishops and assigned to various temporaryhost families while they awaited permanent accommodations. With new arrivals coming in continually, camp-ing spots of necessity could only have been temporary.

And thus it was that Margaret Husbands and her children had arrived in the valley one month before her son-in-law Francis Pascoe’s family would arrive.

b. Francis and Maria’s Trip to Zion

Meanwhile back in London Francis is hurriedly trying to finish closing out his affairs after saying good bye tothe Husbands family. To make up travel time so that they could still make the Plains crossing in 1860 Francisdecides to sail on a steamship rather than a sailing vessel. He books first class passage for his family on theVanderbilt, the side paddle beam-engine steam ship as shown in Figure 39. This ship had two smoke stacksalong with two sail masts to use when the wind was favorable.

The Vanderbilt’s ship manifest for this May 26th crossing from Southampton to New York is given in AppendixC-3.

In London Maria has been concerned about the difficulties of caring for her family of six children with Eliza still

* Mormon Overland Travel, 1847-1868, James D. Ross Company.

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only nine months old. Fortunately in the Whitechapel Branch there was a family named Shackleton whoseyoung daughter Annie is willing to travel with Francis and Maria and help care for the younger children. We’reindebted to Annie for a record of the family as they crossed the plains. (See Appendix C-3 and Mormon Over-

land Travel, 1847-1868, Trail Excerpt of Bowen, Annie Shackelton.)

Annie noted that after landing, they stayed in New York for a few daysand then took a steamboat to Albany (156 miles); then by train to Omaha,Nebraska (1310 miles); then by team to Florence (Winter Quarters),Nebraska (6 miles).

A typical 1860 train is shown in Figure 40.

Although in the summer of 1860, riding on these trains was both hotand dirty, the Pascoe family were used to train travel in England. How-ever, at a maximum speed of around 20 mph coupled with layovers,

the trip from Albany to Omaha probably took around four to five days. In comparison Francis’ business tripsover the 100 mile distance from London to Bristol only took around 5 hours. This was the first personalindication to the Pascoe family of the size immensity of their new Country.

Arriving in Omaha they promptly located the LDS church agent who helped put them up for the night and thenarranged for them to ride by buggy to Florence. And thus it was that in early May Francis was ready to be trainedin his new skill as ox cart driver.

Francis then assisted George Q. Cannon finan-cially in order to get the ox cart train ready toleave on time. For his own family he boughtfour wagons with four to six oxen per wagon.He then hired Bill Jordan, Joe Ballinger,Charles Wainwright, and W. Welling to drivethe wagons while he generally supervised onhorseback.

Fig 41 typifies the Pascoe family wagon un-derway to the Salt Lake Valley.

US Navy Historical Center NH60881

Fig 39: Steamship SS Vanderbilt Underway, Southampton to New York, 1860

Fig 41: A Typical Oxcart on it’s Way to Zion.

Ursula GahwilerFig 40: Picture of an 1860 Vintage Train

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Train captain for this trip was William Budge who was returning to Zion after serving his mission in GreatBritain. Nephi Johnson, an able and experienced frontiersman was his counselor. The train consisted of 72wagons with all but three pulled by oxen.

Training Europeans to manage oxen was an interesting experience and required several days on a remote train-ing grounds several miles out of sight of interested onlookers in Florence.

Annie Shackleton reports that their train was followed for several days by two hundred Indians in all their fineryand war paint, who were going to make war with another tribe. She reports that “we had to be very circumspectin our dealings with them. They were always trying to trade ponies for some of the girls. Finally everybody hadto contribute and make up a big present for them of flour, bacon, sugar, and everything else they fancied, andthey rode off and left us.”

Annie continues: “We were three months on the plains and suffered the usual discomforts of wading streams,tramping over sandhills, getting torn to pieces by prickly pears, and tormented by mosquitoes. The latter were sobad at one time that no one in camp could sleep for three nights.”

As a missionary Captain Budge had taken his wife to England with him but had lost one son in London while onhis mission. On the plains he endured the problems not only of taking care of the wagon train decisions while atthe same time watching his young baby waste away for weeks in its mother’s arms, finally passing away andbeing buried on the plains.

Captain Budge reported that on July 31 a tremendous storm of wind, hail, and rain set in and it was impossiblefor the cattle to travel since they were scarcely able to stand on their legs. The wagon train halted for a spell andthen a second storm set in that was worse than the first. Wagon covers were rent, cattle were unhitched and letloose, one wagon was turned over, and a baby boy was born to Ola Olsen and Anna Gaarder of Norway.

And so it was after 74 days on the trail that on Tuesday, October 2nd, Francis’ party pulled into its camp groundwhere the present Salt Lake City and County Building now stands.

Now would be a good time to record the Pascoe family’s trip across the plains as recorded by Captain Budge inFigure 42. The Husband’s family trip would of course be very similar but one month earlier.

11. The Pascoe Family’s Early Days in Great Salt Lake City

Unfortunately Annie fails to record the events associated with the joyous arrival at the Salt Lake Camp grounds.Ward Bishops were undoubtedly on hand to assign families to move in to welcoming families that were willingto fellowship the newcomers.

Fig 42: The Mormon Trail taken by the Pascoe Family, July 19 to October 2, 1860

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It is recorded by both William Oblad Sr. and Leah Pascoe Olds that Francis immediately bought his first housein the 17th Ward boundaries from Brigham Young. This suggests that Brigham was aware of Francis businessabilities and had prepared a suitable home for him. Annie records that this house was presently occupied by theBallen family (probably William Ballan, 46 from Yorkshire, England with his 47 year old wife Ann, and 12 yearold daughter Sarah.)

Bill Oblad records that this property was on North Temple Street and was between 1st and 2nd West. It was 20by 20 rods square (330 feet square; about 2 1/2 acres). Francis paid $50 for the lot with an adobe house on it.

Annie noted that the Ballen (Ballan?) family could not move out for two or three weeks and during that time thehouse was divided by the families. Under these conditions Francis immediately began making plans on expand-ing the home as well as building two other adobe structures to house lime burning facilities.

Figure 43 shows an 1893 picture of the North Temple Street/West Temple Street intersection taken from the topof the Endowment Building on Temple Square. The 1860 Pascoe home would have been a block and a half tothe left. The rapidly flowing waters of City Creek can be seen running right in the middle of North TempleStreet.

The Pascoe children undoubtedly enjoyed playing on the banks of the rapidly flowing City Creek watersmuch of course to both the worry and chagrin of Mother Maria. Leah in particular often related the warn-ings about City Creek she had received as a child throughout this period.

Tables 6, 7, and 8 give a brief look at the Pascoe children’s ages over the next thirty years Their ages in thefirst ten years in Salt Lake helps to explain Mother Pascoe’s concern over the safety of her continuous stringof two and three year old toddlers with regards to the dangers of the City Creek waters. (In these tables thevarious two and three year old children are highlighted.)

.

Utah Historical Society 19168

Fig 43: Intersection of North Temple and West Temple Streets in 1893.Note City Creek in the Center of North Temple Street.

West Temple N

City Creek

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Table 7: The Pascoe Children’s Ages in Their First Ten Years in the Valley

1860 1861 1862 1863 1864 1865 1866 1867 1868 1869Frank 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19Britannia 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17Henry 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16Julia 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14Lorenzo 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12Eliza 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10Leah Bn 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8Edward Bn 1 2 3 4 5 6Bethulia Bn 1 2 3 4William Bn 1

Table 8: The Pascoe Children’s Ages in Their Second Ten Years in the Valley

1870 1871 1872 1873 1874 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879Frank 20 Md -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --Britannia 18 20 21 22 Md -- -- -- -- --Henry 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Md -- --Julia 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 Md -- --Lorenzo 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22Eliza 11 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21Leah 9 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19Edward 7 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17Bethulia 5 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15William 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12Charles Bn 1 2 D --- --- --- --- --- ---Lavinia --- --- Bn 1 2 3 4 5 6 7May Bn 1 2 3 4 5

Table 9: The Pascoe Children’s Ages in Their Third Ten Years in the Valley

1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889Lorenzo 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 D --Eliza 21 22 23 24 25 Md -- --- --- --Leah 20 Md --- --- --- --- ---- -- --- ---Edward 18 19 20 21 22 Md -- --- --- --Bethulia 16 17 Md --- --- ---- -- --- --- --William 13 14 15 16 17 18 -- Md --- --Lavinia 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17May 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

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Undoubtedly the care of these vulnerable youngsters was given to an older sister possible as follows:

It’s interesting to note that with the exception of three years, 1869, 1871, and 1873, Mother Maria would haveher worrisome 2 and 3 year old toddlers for the next 17 years. And with the shortage of young sisters in 1876,nine year old William likely took a turn watching them.

Up until Maria’s death in 1891 the Pascoe family was to live in the 17th Ward of Salt Lake Stake. The 17th Wardwas formed when the Salt Lake Stake was divided into 18 City Wards as shown in the 1870 Plat of Salt Lake Cityin Figure 44. The 17th Ward consisted of nine city blocks and included Temple Square in its Southeast corner.The black circles A, B, D, and E are the four Pascoe family homes in Salt Lake City as explained in the nextsection.

And thus it was that after purchasing the Ballan property Francis began to make plans to do his significant andhighly important part in the industrializing of the thirteen year old wilderness settlement of Salt Lake City.

1868: 3 yr old Bethulia to 7 year old Leah1870: 2 yr old William to 9 year old Leah1872: 2 yr old Charles to 8 year old Bethulia1874: 2 yr old Lavinia to 10 year old Bethulia1875: 3 yr old Lavinia to 11 year old Bethulia1876: 2 yr old May to 9 year old William1877: 3 yr old May to 10 year old William

1860: 3 yr old Lorenzo to 8 year old Britannia1861: 2 yr old Eliza to 9 year old Britannia1862: 3 yr old Eliza to 10 year old Britannia1863: 2 yr old Leah to 8 year old Julia1864: 3 yr old Leah to 9 year old Julia1865: 2 yr old Edward to 10 year old Julia1866: 3 yr old Edward to 7 year old Eliza1867: 2 yr old Bethulia to 8 year old Eliza

B

C

A

E

D

17th Ward

�

Fig 44: 1870 Plat of Salt Lake City--The Pascoe homes and Warm SpringsComplex are shown by the black circles.

A: Btwn 1 and 2 West North Temple: 1860 to 1873B. 206 W 1st North: 1874 to 1894C. Warm Springs Industrial ComplexD. 515 E. 5th South: 1891 to 1901E. 1224 Lake St. (700 East): 1902 to 1903

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12. Francis and Maria’s Salt Lake Story By the Years*

1860--Settling In; The Warm Springs Area: The Pascoe’s North Temple Street property was to be theirpioneer home for the next nine years. It’s approximate location is marked on the map of Figure 44 by a blackcircle labeled A. Nine years later in 1869 Francis will build a mansion for the family located at the circle labeledB. His future Warm Springs kilns and smelters will be built at Circle C. In 1891, after Maria died, Francis andhis three unmarried daughters (Eliza,32; Lavinia, 19; and May, 17) move to 515 East 5th South at Circle D. In1902 Francis will buy a house at Circle E, 1224 So. Lake Street (750 East), where he will live as a widower withhis 41year old daughter Eliza continuing as his housekeeper.

However in 1860, with his industrial background along with the personal wealth that Francis brought into theValley for the purposes of building Zion, it’s easy to picture early conversations with Brigham Young aboutplans and future activities. In this connection, the immediate purchase of the Ballan 17th Ward property fromBrigham Young was more likely planned rather than accidental. As may be seen from Figure 44, Francis wasnow located only one mile from the Warm Springs area, an area that Brigham Young undoubtedly had earlierrecognized for its industiral potential.

Since this area was to have an important impact on Francis’ professional life, it is interesting to note how thesesprings were developed geologically. Figure 45, drawn by the Geological Society of Utah, describes how rainfalling on the Wasatch mountains descends as ground waterinto deep thermal areas underground and then rises along thefamous Wasatch fault. Thus a series of above ground warmsprings including Wasatch Warm Spring and Beck’s Hot Springprovidently form on the immediate north edge of Great SaltLake City. The Warm Springs water is 108 degrees and thefuture Beck’s Hot Springs water is 133 degrees in tempera-ture. These two particular springs are about 1/2 mile apart. In1860 these springs had formed a number of rather large lakesand ponds.

Another geological factor of importance to the Warm Springsarea was the extensive limestone deposits on the hill slope justeast of the springs. It was easy for Francis with his trainedtechnical background to picture lime kilns at the bottom of thehill arranged so that mined limestone from the hillside wouldfall directly into the kiln, thus minimizing handling of the rawstone. With this foresight, shortly after arriving in the Valley, Francis took the opportunity of purchasing a halfmile square area including the Warm Springs and the limestone hillside adjacent to the Springs.

In modern times (as of 2009), the present Warm Springs area has now been converted to a Nature Walk with aplaque honoring Francis J. P. Pascoe as the principle developer of the industries in the Warm Springs area. Acopy of this plaque is shown in Figure 46

The springs are located at about 9th North or nine tenths of a mile from North Temple Street, providing a briskwalk for Francis’ many future trips to his new work site. This convenient location between home and work isshown in Figure 47.

A better perspective of the Warm Springs location is shown Figure 48 which is an old 1869 artists sketch of SaltLake City as viewed from the hills near the Warm Springs industrial area.

Fig 45: The Geological Formation of theHot Springs along the Wasatch Front.

Utah Geological Survey (http://ugs.utah.gov/surveynotes/gladasked/gladsprg.htm)

*In analyzing Francis and Maria’s story by the 43 years they were there, we are indebted to William Oblad Sr. for the details of many of the yearly entries.

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Fig 47: West Temple Street Going North from North Temple Street in 1867

Utah Historical Society 19147

City Creek

West Temple

N

Warm Springs

The Pascoe Home in1860 is 1 1/2 blockswest

Fig 46: Plaque at Warm Springs Nature Walk, 2009

The Enlargement on the right credits Francis Pascoe asthe principle developer of the resoures at WarmSprings.

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And so as noted before, shortly after their ar-rival in the Valley, Francis arranged to purchasea portion of the limestone deposit just East ofthe Warm Springs along with a half square milearea of land designated for a future lime kiln.With a secure supply of limestone he could nowburn lime on a small scale using a“badger hole”on his home property to make quick lime andcement for his own use on the new buildings hewas in the process of building on his NorthTemple home property.

He quarried sandstone from Red Butte Canyonfor the foundations of these buildings rather than

placing the adobes on boards which would rot on the wet ground. In this process Francis’ seven year old sonHenry had been given the assignment to clear weeds from the home property. Unfortunately three year oldLorenzo got too close to Henry’s weed cutting knife while holding stacks of weed for cutting. The knife slippedand Lorenzo lost one of his fingers in an unfortunate accident.

Other important family events in the closing days of 1860 was the marriage of Maria’s sister Harriet. Harriet andher mother’s family had arrived in the Valley on September 3. Within a very short time Harriet was successfullycourted by Millard Paus Bell, a lumberman in Salt Lake City. They were married in the Endowment House tenweeks after Harriet’s arrival.

1861-1863 White Lead; Lime Kilns; Ore Discoveries; Salt Lake Theater: The burning of limestone rockin a crude batch kiln on the home property was both difficult and expensive. Fortunately Francis was able tobecome acquainted with Colonel Connor, Commander of the U. S. Army troops at Fort Douglas. Because oftheir mutual interest in the mineral resources of Salt Lake Valley he was able to develop an intimate friendshipwith him. Colonel Connor along with his California volunteers had been assigned by the War Department torelieve General Johnston who along with his men had been ordered back East to fight in the now active CivilWar. As part of this relocation, the extensive ammunition supply that had been brought with Johnston’s army in1857-8 was declared surplus and offered for sale locally. Francis was able to successfully bid and obtain thissurplus ammunition.

With Francis’ skill, these lead bullets could easily be worked into high quality lead products in Francis’ NorthTemple melting facilities which he appropriately named the Mountain Lead Works. And thus it was that onJanuary 2, 1862 the Deseret Evening News reported that the quality of Mr. Pascoe’s White Lead was not easilyexcelled. (See Appendix B-1.) Six days later he placed his first formal advertisement , Appendix B-2, for notonly White Lead but Red Lead, Litharge, Sheet Lead and Lead Pipe.

Interestingly this 1862 advertisement reflected the barter system being used in Salt Lake since coins were invery short supply. Thus Francis offered to accept wheat, firewood, butter, cheese, bacon, hay, potatoes, nails,old iron, etc as well as money if available. In a later ad he expands this list to include molasses skimmings,molasses, onions, potatoes, and grain. Of course the necessity of bartering essentially required Francis to startwhat in effect today would be called a “junk yard”. For example, in payment for his lead products he was willingto accept old metals, tin, lead, pewter, zinc, brass, copper, oils, tallow and even cash if it were available. (In oneof his later advertisements he asked his customers to “not forget the money” meaning that he would also acceptcoins if they had any.)

Wikopedia notes that white lead is produced by the Dutch process involving the casting of metallic lead as thinbuckles. These are corroded with acid in the presence of carbon dioxide. Next they are placed in pots with a little

Harpers’ Weekly Sept 4, 1869

Fig 48: Artist’s Sketch of Salt Lake City from theWarm Springs Area, 1869

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vinegar (containing acetic acid), and the pots were stacked up and left for from six to fourteen weeks. Duringthat long soak time the blue-grey lead buckles had corroded to white lead. The corroded buckles are then takento a separating table where they are pounded and scraped to remove the white lead from their surface. The whitelead powder is then dried and packed for shipment. A very time and labor intensive process to say the least.

The superior high quality of Francis’ white lead was again commented on in the Millennial Star’s January 22,1862 edition distributed to the Latter-day Saints in England. Thus Francis and Maria’s friends could follow theiractivities in Zion. (See Appendix B-3).

Another newspaper clipping in August 1862 noted that Francis’ white lead was cheaper, of better quality, andmore easily obtained, a great complement for Francis’ abilities and talents. (See Appendix B-4.)

To obtain a supply of vinegar to make his white lead, Francis likely distilled vinegar from wood probably as hebegan making a large supply of wood charcoal for his reducing furnaces. Because of the quantity of charcoalneeded, he had the problem of disposing of the excess vinegar produced. Thus in September 1862 he advertised:“Vinegar! Vinegar! Who Wants Vinegar?” (See Appendix B-5) This ad also gave the first notice that he hadnow expanded his white lead facilities into producing colors for paints. Also, according to Bill Oblad, Francisand Bishop Tingy began a home manufacture of beer for their own consumption. With suitable processing, beercan be made into vinegar, a highly prized product in a pioneering environment.

A logical extension of the lime and white lead industries of course is the manufacture of paints for whichcolored pigments would be necessary. Francis now discovered and mined several paint pigment deposits in theupstream forks of City Creek. As noted in Appendix B-6 for August 1863 he now moved the Mountain Leadand Color Works operation to the Hot Springs area north of “Great Salt Lake City”.

Although the supply of the army bullets would rapidly be consumed, this early production of Lime and Leadproducts allowed Francis time to build an expandable batch lime kiln on his Warm Springs property. The kilnwas arranged adjacent and underneath the limestone deposit so that the quarried stone could easily fall into thekiln thus minimizing handling of the stone. A picture of a Warm Springs limestone quarry is shown in Figure 49after it was possible to move the quarried stone to the kiln in rail cars. A typical batch operated set of lime kilnsis shown in Figure 50. The arched doorways allow the lime wagons to be placed under the calcined limedischarge chutes to facilitate their loading.

Fig 49: Warm Springs Limestone Quarry

Utah Historical Society

Fig 50: Lime Kilns Used forBurning Lime on aBatch Basis

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As a result of all this activity, Francis 1863 business card shown inFigure 51 could now advertise not only lime but hydraulic brick,cement, and chemical colors all made under the new trade name ofPioneer Lime Kiln.

With a going and growing business Francis was able to provide asteady stream of lucrative jobs for the local job market. Eventuallyhis business would hire hundreds of workers with monthly payrollsas high as $4,000, or an equivalent of almost two million dollars ayear in 2009 dollars. (Appendix C-9 describes a typical 1884 pay-day when he had recruited daughters Lavinia and May to help him.)

With his local manufacturing left under quickly trained supervisors, the spring of 1861 also found Francisexploring for mineral deposits in the local mountains. With the geological skills learned from his father, HenryPascoe, Francis first began exploring the east side of the Oquirrh Mountains at a point some 30 miles fromhome. On this first exploring trip he took his 17 year old nephew, Charles Husbands, as a companion since hisoldest son Frank was only 11, too young for such a strenuous trip in a wilderness area. A second exploring tripwas made to the west side of the Oquirrh Mountains but this time with his 23 year old Nephew, William Hus-bands, accompanying him. In these early explorations, Francis was the first prospector to discover the rich leadore deposits of Bingham Canyon. And on the west side of the Oquirrh Mountains he discovered the rich silver-lead ore of the future Hidden Treasure Mine located near the future mining town of Ophir, Toole County.

In discussing the value of these deposits with Brigham Young, he was given Brigham’s famous counsel to notdevelop any gold or silver mines since the farmers would abandon their farms and become miners. This ofcourse was important pragmatic counsel since in the 1860’s Salt Lake was essentially still isolated from the restof the country and for survival relied completely upon produce grown on local farms. Francis realized theimportance of this counsel and accordingly confined his early industrialization to only lead mining and smeltingin order to manufacture the non precious metal products as listed previously. Out of respect for Brigham’scounsel Francis named his rich silver-gold deposit in Ophir “The Hidden Treasure Mine” and didn’t reveal it’slocation until 1865 when he sold his rights to the future Mayor of Salt Lake City, William Jennings. The HiddenTreasure Mine was to eventually become one of the richest precious metal mines in the Ophir mining region.

And thanks to the impetus generated by Francis’ Bingham Canyon lead discovery, Salt Lake Valley was des-tined to gradually become known as one of the great lead producing areas in the world. There of course aremany conflicting claims as to who made the first lead-ore discovery, including Olgilvie, Hickman, ColonelConnor, an officer’s wife all variously identified as the first discoverers. However Francis’ daughter Leah aswell as Francis’ son-in-law Bill Oblad along with Francis’ obituaries all state that the first lead ore discovery inBingham Canyon was made by Francis J. P. Pascoe.

It may well be that all these stories are correct if the various contexts were fully known. The Bingham ores areof course quite complex and discoveries of various grades and ore compositions could put different importanceson each discovery. Thus perhaps Francis’ “ore discovery” actually referred to the high grade lead ore of the OldJordan Mine, an ore that could be readily smelted on the limited scale in Francis’ small home made reverbera-tory furnace. And of course in the early 1860’s large scale ore transportation from mountainous locations wasextremely difficult.

Regardless, Francis’ obituaries shown in Appendices B-43 to B 47 credits him not only for discovering the firstlead in Bingham Canyon but opening up the first mine there, the famous Jordan mine. The reasons that Francis’discovery and opening of the Jordan are not better known or publicized are probably related to a number ofcomplicating factors most important of which was likely Francis’ desire to follow the previous referencedcounsel of the Lord’s Prophet, Brigham Young. What is known, however, is that Francis developed an early andfriendly relationship with Colonel Connor centering around the various ore deposits and fledgling smelters soonto be built in the area.

Fig 51: Francis’ 1863 Business Card

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Thus when Francis made his early lead mining claim on September 17, 1863, the initial claim appears to havebeen made in Colonel Connor’s name with Francis being the equivalent of a silent partner. As noted, likely thisinitial claim was for the high grade lead ore portion of the old Jordan mine located in Galena Gulch. In turn,Colonel Connor in 1878 named the Bingham Canyon area of this discovery “Pascoe Gulch”, a place name thatwas destined to gradually disappear as various mine ownerships changed and the mountain gave way to the greatKennecott Open Pit Mine of modern times.

However, a flavor of the mountainous area that Francis saw in his early explorations of Bingham Canyon isshown in Figure 52, probably an early photograph of the upper Galena Gulch. A map of the Bingham Canyonbefore it was excavated is shown in Figure 53 with the Galena Gulch area circled. The Old Jordan Lead Minethat Francis both discovered and opened is shown within this circle.

So how far did Francis and Charles Husbands have to travel to reach the promising ore outcrops in the OquirrhMountains? Figure 54 is a modern day photograph of the Jordan Valley as it looks today. As may be seen, the“crow-fly” distance is about 30 miles, not exactly a quick trip in 1861 on horseback. And of course when thePascoe family came to the Valley in 1860 this entire area was essentially uninhabited.

Fig 54: The Modern Salt Lake Jordan Valley Area From Salt Lake City to Draper, 2009

Pascoe’s Bingham LeadMine

30 milesOquirrh Mountains

Wasatch MountainsThe Pascoe Homeon N. Temple St.

Fig 52: Early photograph of Unexcavated Upper Galena Gulch

Fig 53: Bingham Canyon Before Being Excavated by the Kennicott Open Pit Mine

Galena Gulch

Kennicott Copper Map

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It took very little time for Francis to rapidly become known as the valley’s most competent mineralist, and soonhis services were sought after by prospectors and mining men, many of whom were slated to eventually becomeboth wealthy and influential in the industrialization of the Salt Lake Valley.

Francis’ nephew Charles Husband, who accompanied him on many of his early exploring trips, often comple-mented him on his talent for locating rich ore deposits. He noted that Francis had the ability to look at the“faults, dips, and strata of a hill and tell exactly where to dig for ore.” At one time Francis told Charles that themountains surrounding Salt Lake would one day become one of the wonders of the world because they held somany different kinds of minerals.

Of course, Francis’ most critical need in the 1862-63 time period was the hiring and training of competentsupervisors for his growing Hot Springs industrial complex. He anxiously began looking forward to the timewhen his sons would be old enough to help him in this work. In 1863 his sons were: 13 year old Frank, 10 yearold Henry, and 6 year old Lorenzo. So it was with particular pleasure he brought home for their study andeducation both fascinating and rare mineral specimens. His home mineral collection soon became noted throughoutthe valley.

As noted previously, a newspaper clipping recorded the expansion of the Pascoe Hot Springs factories to nowinclude a lead smelting complex destined to be the very first successful smelter ever built in the Salt Lake area.(Appendix B-6)

Because of the quality of the Pascoe white lead and mineral paints, they rapidly became the products of demandfor painting all of the important buildings in Salt Lake including the Tabernacle and the Salt Lake Theater. Also,when the Tabernacle organ was installed, Leah Pascoe Olds proudly remembered that it was her father’s puttythat was used to seal the joints of the organ’s wooden piping.

As noted before, the early Pascoe lime kilns were termed “batch lime kilns” in that they had to be cooled downto allow workmen to remove the calcined lime. But batch kiln calcining of lime was slow and cumbersome.Thus shortly after the coming of the railroads in 1869, Francis would immediately order steel from eastern steelmills allowing him to build a continuously operated lime kiln. Because this later kiln operated without the needto cool down in order to discharge the burnt lime, he termed it a “perpetual lime kiln.”

These continuous kilns would eventually allow him to progressively produce the following products for sale :Air slack lime, all lime products, white and red lead, sheet lead, lead pipes, colored mineral paints,furnace crucibles, putty, potters glaze, as well as porcelain china and pottery.

An old undated book by the name “ Mines in Utah” notes that Francis was also making: yellow and red fire paintmade from Utah iron, black marble from the Pascoe quarry near Salt Lake City, and slate from Fremont Island onthe Salt Lake” It’s not difficult to imagine the excitement for pioneers settlers to be able buy these importantproducts that they had living without for over a decade particularly when they could barter home grownproducts for them.

Note also that in the Newspaper Clipping of Appendix B-5 Francis has now extended his manufacturing pro-cesses to include all types of lead metal products including mill bearings, lead sheet, lead pipe, and refined leadfor bullets. Included was a scrap metal facility for lead, pewter, brass, and copper.

It also needs to be recognized that Salt Lake City in the 1860’s was still an enclave in Indian Country. Forprotection, a partial wall had been built around the city in 1853. In his explorations in the mountains surround-ing Salt Lake, Francis had made many friends with a number of the local Indians Thus when one of thembecame sick, they often called upon Francis for help. It is reported that one night in particular he climbed themud wall around the city to take some medicine to a sick Indian friend. Leah Pascoe reported that Ute Indiansquaws would often visit her mother, and she would always give them a loaf of bread when they came calling.

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A picture of a typical Ute family of the general time period is shown inFigure 55. Francis and Maria’s generosity to the Indians became wellknown and as a result Francis was able to explore the many remotemountain areas with little trouble from the natives.

The big social event of 1862 was of course the completion of the SaltLake Theater. Because of their love for the London theaters both Francisand Maria supported the creation of this formal theater in Salt Lake sothat their children could benefit culturally. Although their children werestill young with Frank only being 12 years old, they wanted all of theirchildren to have theater experiences as they grew older. AccordinglyFrancis donated many building supplies to the theater construction aswell as personal labor. The painting of the inside of the building wasdone in Pascoe’s white and gold paint as were the colors for the stagescenery.

Figure 56 is an 1872 photograph of the Salt Lake Theater on the cornerof 2nd South and State Street. Figure 57 is an inside view of the theater with its famous train scene curtain. Alsoof interest--Francis’ various lime and lead products were sold at a building opposite the Theater by a storeoperated by Tullage and Harrison.

There was scarcely a luminary of the American stage who did not make an appearance in the Salt Lake Theater.At the time of its demise, the Salt Lake Theatre was nationally regarded as one of three or four great historicAmerican stages.

The Salt Lake Theater was to have an important influence on the Pascoe family. Almost the entire family wereto participate as performers at one time or another. Francis eventually participated in organizing the DeseretDramatic Group with the initial stock company consisting of: John B. Evans, H. B. Clawson, Phill Margetts,F.J.P. Pascoe, Brittania, Julia, and Eliza Pascoe, C. J. Thomas, Kate Kisskadden, Mamie and Ella Evans, Maryand Walt Lyon , and T. A. Lyon. Plays put on included Romney Rye, The Lighthouse, Ten Nights in a Bar Room,and Wild and Wooley. Operas included: Pinafore, Pocahantas, and Romeo and Juliet. Tickets for the perfor-mances were often paid for in commodities including potatoes, hay, flour, vegetables, etc. (and an occasionalchicken.)

Francis himself was highly talented, and when time permitted he would perform on stage. Figure 58 showsFrancis dressed for a performance as Dr. Lovejoy in one of the Salt Lake Theater productions. (See AppendixC5a) When his daughter Leah became a teen-ager she both enjoyed performing and watching Salt Lake Theaterprograms. One of her favorite productions when she was eight years old was “Under the Gas Lights” in which

Fig 56 The Salt Lake Theater in 1872Utah Historical SocietyUtah Historical Society

Fig 57: Inside the Salt Lake Theater

First people Gallery C P13

(www.firstpeople.us/photographs2/Ute-Family-no-date.html)

Fig 55: A Typical Ute Indian Family

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one of the actors would say: “Peanuts, get your toe out of my ear.”(See the January 25, 1869 playbill in Appendix B-51)

Figure 59 shows Leah Pascoe dressed as Juliet in Romeo and Juliet.

Other important 1861-1862 activities includedLeah Sibella’s birth in October 1861, the first of their 13

children to be born in Salt Lake.Maria’s sister Clara Winn and her family finally were able

to cross the plains. They will stay in Salt Lake oneyear, just long enough to have their second childand then move on to Nevada.

Sometime during 1862 Maria heard that her sister Leah Husbands had married James Tilford See inLondon.

Also five months after arriving in the Valley, Francis and Maria were endowed and sealed to each other in theEndowment House on March 7, 1861.

Francis also took the time to pond and dehydrate salt water at his Warm Springs area to produce both chemicaland table salt. He also contracted with Henry Dinwoody Furniture Company to make furniture for the Pascoehome as well as domesticating wild bees from his Warm Springs property and extracting honey for the family.

1864-1865 Warm Springs Expansion; Mining and Metallurgical Consulting : Francis’ Warm Springs leadsmelter now began producing lead products in large quantities. Many tons of his lead pipe were eventuallypurchased to build city water mains. His expanded lead smelter now required charcoal to smelt the lead ore inthe volume required to meet market demand. Francis obliged by building a charcoal factory. And one of theimportant by-products from the retort’s wood ashes was lye, the important ingredient in making soap. To utilizethis resource Francis set up his friend John Snell in the soap manufacturing business. Their soap was known asthe Pale Savon-Kirk brand. They operated this business as a joint venture until about 1868.

The Salt Lake Tabernacle began active construction in 1864, and Francis provided all the lime used for mortarand the putty for the organ and other parts of this important building. As one of the Valley’s expert quarry men,he quarried the red sandstone used in the Tabernacle footings. In 1864 son Frank is now 15 years old and bothFrancis and Frank fulfilled 17th Ward assignments in working on both the Tabernacle and the Salt Lake Temple.The partially completed Tabernacle is shown in Figure 60 in an 1866 photograph. The Pascoe home on NorthTemple Street was just off the right side of the photograph.

Utah Historical Society 19051

Fig 58: Francis as Dr. Lovejoy

Fig 59: Leah as Juliet

Fig 60: The partially completed Salt Lake Tabernacle. Photo looking south from Arsenal Hill (Capital), 1866.

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And of course the demand for Pascoe lime products continued to increase throughout the valley. Thus in 1864Francis set up another kiln in Big Cottonwood to supply lime for the new paper mill that was being built there.This was also the time period when Francis began expanding his brick and paint manufacturing processes. Upuntil now he had been producing both brick and paint on his home property. For these new plants he purchasedtwo pieces of property from Brigham Young for $500. The brick yard property was one street west of HotSprings and the paint works was at 16 North 7th West. His brick business was eventually acquired and laterknown as Folsom Brick Yard.

It was probably in 1865 that Francis became a citizen of the United States. As a citizen he could now get a legaltitle to the springs just north of the Warm Springs. He named his springs the Washatka Springs and built a twostory recreation center over them. A swimming pool was in the lower floor and the upper floor had facilities forchecker and domino playing. Unfortunately some time in 1868 the building caught fire and was never rebuilt.

This was also the time period when many future important mining men came to Francis for his advice on miningprospects including John Beck and Tom Kearns. Francis also grubstaked Beck in addition to advising him onwhere to mine in Eureka. After Beck had became wealthy from the proceeds of his Bullion-Beck mine inEureka, he returned in 1885 to the Warm Springs area and with Francis as a silent partner built the famous andextensive Beck’s Hot Springs. It is not only possible but very likely that Francis also became a silent partner inmany other Salt Lake business ventures. However the only well documentation of such partnerships has beenthat with the future mayor of Salt Lake City, William Jennings.

A picture of the extensive 1885 Beck’s Hot Springs Resort is shown in Figure 61.

During this very busy period Francis was able to devote time to his many hobbies including:manufacturing, burning and decorating his own family dishes.manufacturing his own assay crucibles.building his own display cabinets including decorative scroll work on the front.making violins and guitars for his children to playmanufacturing and playing his own standing harpgrowing of a prize flower garden

Also children continued to be born into the Pascoe family including Edward in 1863 and Bethulia in 1865.Family ages in 1865 were:

Francis and Maria 36 and 35Frank 15 Eliza 6Britannia 13 Leah 4Henry 12 Edward 2Julia 10 Bethulia BornLorenzo 8

Susan Juch Lutz

Fig 61: Beck’s Hot Springs, About 1885

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These were important years as Francis began introducing his sons Frank and Henry into the world of work in thehopes that they would eventually be able to take part in his many ongoing business ventures. For her part, Mariabegan working with Britannia and Julia in developing their household skills, teaching the girls to make beautifulpaper flowers and wax fruit which they put into festoons for the Tabernacle ceiling.

Of course from the time of their courtship, Maria and Francis had always been close companions and had alwayscounseled together regarding Francis’ many business dealings and investments. She was neat, kind, and lovableat all times, and, as noted in the story of her romance, she was an excellent seamstress. With this talent she madeall of Francis’ white vests complete with embroidery on them.

These happy times were spoiled only by the lack of technology to adequately capture the youthful effervescenceon photographs. In addition to his industrial talents, Francis was a gifted musician and could play the piano,violin, and harp. With his encouragement and support his children all became talented musicians in their ownrights. Lorenzo in particular was to become gifted at both the piano and cornet. In spite of his missing fourthfinger Lorenzo was destined to make both instruments resonate when he played.

And the family was active in their Church responsibilities. Francis was to eventually become the fourth SundaySchool President of the 17th Ward. He also faithfully fulfilled his block assignments, and served for a time asone of Brigham Young’s body guards known at the time as Brigham Young Vigilance Committee. Maria washighly active in the 17th Ward Relief Society and was widely known for her literary and cultural contributions.

1866-1870 Precious Metal Smelting; Montana Mine; Perpetual Lime Kilns: Francis began greatly expand-ing his business horizons during this time period. With Brigham Young’s continued discouragement of preciousmetal mining in Utah, Francis decided to make a prospecting trip to Helena, Montana where he discovered andopened the Treasure Hill Mine complete with a3/8 ths partner named Beebee. When Francisdied his ten surviving children were to divide upevenly his 5/8th share in this mine. Figure 62 isa copy of Leah Pascoe Olds’ future stock certifi-cate for the Treasure Hill Mine.

Since the Treasure Hill mine was in Montana, itwould of course would not be able to influenceor encourage Mormon farmers to quit farmingand go seeking after the lure of gold. ThusFrancis was now able to expanding his WarmSprings lead smelters into precious metal smelt-ing.

The Warm Springs Smelting Works now included two smelters, one for lead and one for gold and silver. Theworks included one blast and one reverberatory furnace with a capacity of twenty tons per day, a capacity largerthan most of the current smelters then being built in the Valley at that time. Unfortunately no picture of thePascoe Warm Springs Smelters has yet been located. However, a picture of the future and somewhat largerYampa Smelter in Bingham Canyon, as shown in Figure 63, may give a little insight into how Francis’ WarmSprings complex may have looked when it was fully expanded.

The Helena, Montana Treasure Hill ore could now be freighted to Salt Lake for smelting; however the cost ofthe long freight haul made this generally uneconomical and Francis’ future smelting of this ore would have towait for the railroads to be opened to Salt Lake City in the 1870’s and even later from Helena, Montana.

Fig 62: Leah Pascoe Olds’ Treasure Hill Mine Stock Certificate.

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Fig 64: An 1899 Map of Railroads Servicingthe Salt Lake City area.

With an active precious metal smelter now occupying his attention, Francis sold his claims to the HiddenTreasure mine in Ophir Canyon to William Jennings. Jennings opened up the mine and initially shipped the oreto the Warm Springs smelter until he was able to purchase his own smelter, the Waterman Smelter in Stockton,Toole County.

With the coming of the railroads in 1869 several important events now occurred in Francis’ industries. BrighamYoung formally recognized that Utah no longer need to rely on home grown food crops to survive and rescindedhis ban on LDS members mining for gold and silver.The Warm Springs smelters could now comfortablyoperate full time on both local and imported ores.

Since the main railroad link from Ogden to Salt Lakewould have to pass directly through the Warm Springsarea, Francis became an active supporter of the rail-roads. An 1899 map of the early railroad service toSalt Lake City is shown in Figure 64. Francis’ WarmSprings industrial area is circled on this map showingthe close proximity of the railroad lines to Francis’lime-smelter complex.

As a result of this early relationship with the railroad,Francis’ lime shipments were given such favorableshipping rates that by 1886 no one could ship lime incompetition with his company. (See Appendix C-16)

In 1870 Francis was also now able to ship the firstcarload of Warm Springs smelter bullion to easternmarkets. And with railroad service Francis was nowable to purchase steel from the eastern steel mills al-lowing him to convert the Warm Springs batch-oper-ated lime kilns into a single continuously operating kiln. This new kiln design allowed his son, Francis A. tomarket such a kiln in 1906. ( Appendix B-50)

With this new important lime kiln design Francis’ 1870 business card now refers to his lime as being made in“perpetual lime kilns.” (See Figure 65) Francis also found time to increase his prospecting activities resultingin the filing of mining claims in City Creek, Mill Creek, and the Cottonwoods as well as on Antelope Island andin Deep Creek, Nevada.

USGS Bulletin 166

Warm Springs

Kennecott Utah Copper

Fig 63: The 1908Yampa Smelter in Bingham

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Because of the lack of metallurgical expertise, the earlysmelters in the Valley were poorly designed. As a result, inaddition to his many business interests, Francis’ ability as asmelter designer became much in demand. In a December19, 1870 letter to the Deseret News Editor his son’s futureFather-in-law Joseph Barfoot wrote a highly favorablecomplement to Francis’ smelting design abilities in a De-cember 19, 1870 letter to Deseret News. (See Appendix B-11).

Because of their mutual scientific interests Joseph L. Barfootand Francis had become good friends. Barfoot was one ofthe important scientists in Utah. Francis was interested inhaving many of his intriguing and spectacular mineral speci-mens on display and donated them to the Deseret Museum.

In 1871 Joseph Barfoot will become the second curator of this Museum. Then in about 1885 he and Franciswill have a major impact on the formation of the Salt Lake Literary and Scientific Association.

To better appreciate what Dr. Barfoot was concerned with in his letter to the Deseret Evening News, it is impor-tant to reemphasize that with the exception of Francis’ Warm Springs precious metal smelter, the early smeltersthroughout the Valley were in large part costly failures. These smelters were generally built without sufficientexpertise to make them either technical or economically successful and many were abandoned shortly afterbeing built. Francis’ friend Colonel Patrick E. Connor, for example, had built the Stockton Smelter to smelt theWest Oquirrh Mountain ores, but eventually sold it to William Jennings who in turn eventually in 1872 sold it toFrancis so that his technical expertise would allow it to be operated successfully.

Thus the 1870’s became a time when Francis Pascoe’s metallurgical talents became invaluable to the fledglingsmelter industry being developed throughout the Salt Lake Valley, and which would allow the Valley to becomeone of the most largest and most profitable smelting complex in the entire Nation. A later September 22, 1895article in the Salt Lake Tribune referred to Francis as the “father of smelting in Utah” (See Appendix B-38).

In his smelter expansion work Francis also initially built and operated a small smelter at the mouth of LittleCottonwood Canyon. This was eventually sold along with Francis’ mining claims, and the smelter was up-graded and moved into Sandy City. With Francis as a consultant other successful smelters were built in BinghamCanyon and Park City. In this later time period Francis would also sell his lead rights in the Old Jordan mineand build the first initial smelter in Murray. For a time this early Murray smelter was known as the PascoeSmelter.

Because of demand for his lime products, Francis also continued working to expand the output of the WarmSprings Lime Kilns. He now built a two-story lime factory building at Warm Springs; however demand keptincreasing particular with orders now coming from neighboring states. To supply the demand Francis beganbuilding other kilns at strategic locations in the Valley. To coordinate sales of the lime products he now formedthe Utah Lime and Stone Company a forerunner of the 1883 Utah Lime and Cement Company in which henamed himself Vice President.

At this time Malcolm McDuff arrived as an immigrant from England. Malcolm had extensive limestone quarry-ing and burning experience. Francis built a kiln for him and set him up in the lime business also in the WarmSprings area. In the brief history of Malcolm’s father, John McDuff, written by Mildred Walker McRae,reference is made to Francis with his name as “Frank Pasco”.* Details are missing but reference is also made tothe fact that Malcolm McDuff, William Varley, Simon Bamberger, and Thomas Everill were in the lime busi-ness at one time or other probably in one of the companies formed by Francis.

*henryramptonfamily.org/documents/John_R_McDuff_and_Ellen_Hancock_Burns.pdf

Fig 65: Francis’ 1870 Business Card Advertising his “Perpetual Lime Kilns

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In addition Francis was able to help establish the Jones and Tate quarry to furnish limestone rock as a flux for thesmelters which were now rapidly being built in the area. Appendix B-10 notes that in November 1870 Franciswas also appointed to be on committee that would organize a cooperative iron manufacturing society in DeseretTerritory.

All these various businesses of course required Francis to travel extensively. While Francis did not stable anyhorses at his home, he did retain Stanley Taylor as the family coachman. Stanley owned a fine coach and horseswhich were always available for Francis’ many business trips.

Even with all the effort Francis made in developing his industries, he never neglected his family duties. Inconcert with Maria the Pascoe family’s table etiquette was formal with all the children dressed and seatedproperly. No one began eating until all were served with servings made either by Francis or Maria.

In 1870, the year before their oldest son Francis Adolphus was to be married, the table had it’s maximum settingfor fourteen. At that time not only had Charles Anthony been born, but Francis and Maria had sponsored ayoung man, Joseph George Davis, whose parents apparently had either died or abandoned him. George possiblylived with the Pascoe family for several years. In 1875, at the age of 23, he and Britannia both will get married.However in 1870 the Pascoe family’s ages were:

Francis and Maria 41 and 40Frank 20 Eliza 11 George Davis 18Britannia 18 Leah 9Henry 17 Edward 7Julia 15 Bethulia 5Lorenzo 13 William 2

Charles A. Born

Francis and Maria were saddened in 1868 when Maria’s mother Margaret Husbands died in Salt Lake City at theage of 65. As noted before, Margaret Husbands had come to Salt Lake in 1860 as a widow bringing most of herfamily with her. By 1870 her descendants including in addition to Francis and Maria’s family the following:

Harriet Husbands Bell, widowed two years earlier now with four children ages 8, 6, 4, and 1.Clara Husbands Winn, probably living in Nevada with her husband Richard Winn and three children.William Husbands living in Salt Lake with his wife Sarah and four children.Leah Husbands See living in London with her husband James Tilford See.Charles Husbands living in Salt Lake with his wife Elizabeth Slater and two children

Thus nine year old Leah and her younger brothers and sister had ten cousins in Salt Lake to play with.

Other activities and events in this time period included:Two more children born to Francis and Maria: William Richard in 1868 and Charles Anthony in

1870.Instructing their children in dramatics, music, art, riding, fencing, step dancing, and various athletics.

Their children’s teachers were Professor Radcliff, John Chamberlain, George Careless, JohnLindsey, Martin Lenzi, Abbie Monson, Jed Clive, Agriemonte, and Ross.

1871-1875 Improving the Environment; the Pascoe Mansion; A & M Society: As noted on page 51, theWarm Springs Smelter now had both a blast furnace and a reverberatory furnace. A November 1871 article inthe Salt Lake Tribune (Appendix B-12) briefly describes the metallurgical processes for smelting lead ores inthese two furnaces. At that time Francis’ reverberatory furnace was the only furnace being used for processingthe rich pure galena lead ore from his Jordan mine.

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Because of its extensive lead ore deposits, Salt Lake Valley became one of the premier lead producing areas ofthe country. The metallurgy of these ores was complicated by the fact that extensive amounts of silver weregenerally present, requiring a complicated desilvering process. The addition of a blast furnace to the WarmSprings smelter complex now allowed Francis to better process these more complicated ores.

Emissions from lead smelters were of course a major problem in these early days before pollution control. Thenewspaper clipping in Appendix B-13 notes that the Salt Lake City Council was to pass an ordinance preventingany more smelters from being installed within the corporate limits of Salt Lake City. To solve the emissionsproblem, Francis developed an efficient fume scrubber which his son Frank would patent after his father’s deathand try to market to the large smelters in the area. (See Appendix B-48, B-49 and C-19).

The problematic details of Francis’ smelters are not fully recorded including problems of intermittent or con-tinuous operation; the problems of supplying the necessary quantity of fuel, charcoal or coke; the problems ofgenerating sufficient quantities of steam since electricity service didn’t come to Salt Lake City until 1880; andthe training and protection of furnace operators including safety and hygiene precautions associated with thehandling of molten lead and its fumes. It is certain however that Francis’ solutions to these problems wereeagerly copied by the many smelters that were being built and installed throughout the valley at this time.

William H. Oblad Sr. reported that in 1871 when Joseph L. Barfoot became curator of the Salt Lake Museum,Francis helped finance its expansion to include exhibits focusing on home manufactures, minerals, fossils, andprehistory. He donated a number of snakes and stuffed animals he obtained on his many exploring trips.

Under Barfoot’s leadership and Francis’ financial assistance, the museum matured scientifically until Barfoot’sdeath in 1882. With Barfoot gone, the museum went into decline until citizens formed the Salt Lake Literaryand Scientific Association in 1885 and acquired the museum property from the LDS Church, renaming it the“Deseret Museum.”

Francis was undoubtedly still a major supporter and financier of the association when in 1890 the associationsold the building in which the artifacts were housed and moved its collection to the building on First Northshown in Figure 66. This building likely was built on the public square at 3rd West, and only one block from theformer Pascoe’s home at 206 West 1st North.

It is interesting to note that when JamesE. Talmage became the new museum cu-rator in 1891, he credited ProfessorBarfoot and his associates for awakeninghis interest in nature. (See The Contribu-tor 16 Feb. 1895) Thus it is felt thatFrancis James Polkinghorne Pascoe bothknew and had a strong professional influ-ence on this important future scientist andLDS Church Apostle.

But all this was to be in the future. Mean-while in September of 1873 Francis wasadmitted into the Deseret Agricultural andManufacturing Society (DAM) as mem-ber No. 152. Wilford Woodruff was thechairman of this Society and issuedFrancis his Certificate of Membershipshown in Figure 67.

Fig 66: Future 1890 Salt Lake Literary and Scientific Association Building on 1st North and 3rd West

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Prior to being admitted into theDAM Society, Francis helped workon the popular Territorial Fairs andannually contributed to the various

displays including: mineral specimens, lead products, onxy stone, gold and silver bullion, and cabinets of hisvarious mineral paints. Francis’ Fair displays were always awarded prizes, and in October 1872 he served onthe Fair’s prize awarding committee.

The following article on the Deseret Agricultural and Manufacturing Society is taken from the Utah HistoryEncyclopedia:

Another important family event occurred around 1874 was the relocation of the Pascoe home from NorthTemple Street to the new mansion Francis had built at 206 West 1st North, a street now labled 2nd West. ( SeeAppendix C-6 for a History of Salt Lake City Street Designation.)

A picture of this home as originally built is shown in Figure 68 and as it looked after remodeling a few yearslater in Figure 69

Fig 67: Francis’ 1873 Certificate ofMembership in the Deseret Agricul-tural and Manufacturing Society

A major goal of Mormon agricultural policy in pioneer Utah was complete self-sufficiency and indepen-dence from Gentile (non-Mormon) influence. The major instrument for implementing this policy wasthe Deseret Agricultural and Manufacturing Society (DAM). Incorporated by an act of the territoriallegislature on 17 January 1856; its purpose was to promote the arts of domestic industry, and to encour-age the production of articles from the native elements in Utah Territory. The DAM sponsored its firstexposition in Salt Lake City in the fall of 1856 at the Deseret Store and Tithing Office, where the HotelUtah now stands. Throughout the nineteenth century, the succeeding expositions and fairs were heldirregularly, and at various locations. The fair was an instrument of both the territorial government andthe Mormon Church. The territory made regular appropriations to the society as subsidies for selectedindustries, such as wool growing. The DAM Society gathered agricultural statistics for the territory,was designated recipient of the seeds and plants distributed by the U. S. Patent Office, and appointed anagent for the territory to receive and dispose of the titles to the public lands apportioned to the territoryby the Morrill Act of 1862, in order to establish an agricultural college and experiment station.

The annual fairs also had a religious significance. They were invariably held to coincide with the Octo-ber general conference of the Mormon Church, thus making the annual fall excursion serve both Godand Mammon. Membership drives appointed all Mormon bishops and their counselors as agents of thesociety, asking them to urge their ward members to join the society and authorizing them to collect twodollars in dues. For many years Brigham Young selected or approved DAM's president and boardmembers.

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Bill Oblad Sr. gives the following editorialized description of the new Pascoe home:

“Mr. Pascoe made all the brick that went into the building. Also all the arches, cornices, and windowsills out of hisown white cement with doors, arches, steps, and corner blocks made with the same material. The new home wasornamentally designed and decorated beautifully inside and out. It had ten rooms with elevator, schutes, servantquarters, dance or entertainment hall, dining rooms, bed rooms, and sleeping rooms. It also had a big cementbasement and laundry quarters. It was a perfect palace. It’s cost was in the neighborhood of $60,000. In this newhome Francis also had a grand library which contained volumes of the highest books of literature, drama,poetry, culture, etc. Also a set of books of all the main authors of the times as well as a Lord Traverse library. Itwas called the grandest library in Utah for all its varied collection.”

Fig 68: The Pascoe Mansion in 1883. L to R: Edward, 20; May, 8; Lavinia, 11;Maria, 53; and their dog Duke.

Fig 69: Remodled Pascoe Mansion in abt 1888

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With their new home it became easier for the Pascoe’s to entertain many important and prominent men andwomen including:

General Albert S. Johnston Lady Buckingham Sarah BernhardtGeneral Patrick E. Connor William H. Pascoe Carrie CogswallJulia Dean Viola Allen Frederick WardPhil Margetts Lincoln J. Carter and many others

However before moving to their new home, President U. S. Grant was entertained in their North Temple Streethome. He had come to Salt Lake on Sunday October 3, 1874,and Francis met him while a guest of the com-mander at Fort Douglas. The Commander introduced Francis to him as the most congenial and progressive manin Utah. The Pascoes then hosted the President and his party to a banquet of roasted home cured pork andhelpingsto match. The President thanked Maria and said it was the best tasting pork he had ever eaten. Guests includedBrigham Young and staff and Fort Douglas Commander and Staff and William Jennings.

And around 1875 Francis and Maria confronted the polygamy question in their personal lives. As a successfulbusiness man of substantial means with a strong personal testimony of the Restored Gospel, Francis undoubt-edly was encouraged by his ecclesiatical leaders to take a plural wife.

There are two different family versionsof this incident:

Their daughter Leah Pascoe Olds personally related to her grandson Leonard Olds that her mother,Maria, wanted Francis to take a second wife, but that he didn’t want to. In this connection, in 1875Maria now had the care of ten living and unmarried children and could easily have welcomed thecompanionship and help a plural wife could have provided.

In comparison Francis and Maria’s future son-in-law William Oblad Sr relates in a narrative stylethat, with the request by Brigham Young, in about 1875 Francis J. P. met a widow named Mary Nairwhen he took his daughters into her dress making store for dresses. Mary had four sons at home rangingin ages from about one to eight years old. Francis proposed to her and asked Maria for her permission.She gave it, but after thinking it over Francis decided not to marry her.

There of course may be some truth in both versions since Maria was an expert dressmaker in her own right andmay have not only become friends with Mary Nair but may have been the one to encourage Francis to meet her.It of course would have been more reasonable for Maria to have taken her daughters into Mary’ shop rather thanarranging for Francis to take them. In any event Francis did not marry another wife, even after he became awidower at the age of sixty two.

During the 1871 to 1875 time period many other important events were happening in the Pascoe household:

Jan 1871 21 yr old son Fracis Adolphus marries 18 yr old Elizabeth Barfoot in Salt Lake City. Lizzie is thedaughter of Joseph Barfoot, curator of the Deseret Museum and close friend of the Pascoe’s.

Sept 1871 Maria’s widowed sister, Harriet Husbands Bell marries Colin Flanders with twins (boy and girl) to beborn in 1872.

In 1872 The swamps and lakes at 7th North limited the expansion of Salt Lake City northward. The slagfrom the Pascoe smelters was used to reclaim the land and as fill for both railroads and roads.

Nov 1872 Daughter Lavinia Gertrude is born in Salt Lake City.Nov 1872 First grandson J. F. P. Pascoe II is born in Salt Lake City to Francis A. and Elizabeth Barfoot Pascoe.Feb 1873 Son Charles Anthony dies at the age of three from measles.In 1874 Francis and Maria sponsored 16 year old William Glassman who apparently had been orphaned

in Fort Benton, Montana.May 1874 Last child Emily May is born in Salt Lake City.Sept 1875 23 yr old daughter Brittania Maria marries 23 yr old Joseph George Davis in Salt Lake City.

With Francis’ encouragement and financing, Joseph formed a very successful brokerage company.

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And so it was that with Frank and Britannia’s marriages and Charles Anthony’s passing, the Pascoe household in1875 now had only ten children consisting of only four boys but six girls.

Family ages in 1875 were:

Francis and Maria 46 and 45Henry 22 Edward 13Julia 20 Bethulia 11Lorenzo 18 William 8Eliza 17 Lavinia 3Leah 15 May 1

William Oblad also notes that all of the Pascoe children were highly talented and well educated.

Of the girls:Britannia could play the piano and sing like a nightingale.Julia could also play and sing.Eliza could not only play and sing but excelled in dancing and fencing.Leah and Bethulia (True) were also well educated and talented but were more happy-go-lucky.Lavinia (Vinnie) got a special education at St. Mary’s academy. She was talented in music, painting,

fencing, and athletics.May also was talented, and being the youngest in the family felt she had a special role to play.

For the boys:Frank was the oldest and felt the challenges and burden of eventually becoming responsible for the

family businesses.Henry was also educated in all the arts and sciences but cared more for breaking and racing horses.Lorenzo (Ren) was a specially talented musician. At age 19 he became the cornetist in the Gilmore

band. He was sent to the East for his education.Edward (Ted) ran the family assaying business for his father. He was a good musician especially on the

piano and banjo.William also was trained in the arts but became more business oriented.

Of the three oldest daughters (20 yr old Julia, 17 year old Eliza, and 15 yr old Leah) Francis often told Leah thatbecause of her great interest in the operation of his plants that he wished she had been born a boy so he couldhave put her to work.

Francis had long ago been training his sons Frank and Henry in the lime burning and smelting business alongwith his sponsored son Joseph Davis. It was now time to include 18 year old Lorenzo and 17 year old WilliamGlassman in the family enterprises.

1876 to 1884 Parades, Fairs, & Recreation; Sale of Warm Springs Complex: Because of the heatingproblems, the Warm Springs smelters were more productive when they could be run on a continuous basis.However Francis had successfully learned the art of banking the furnaces so that his furnace operators couldhave the week ends off.

To provide recreational opportunities for these week ends, around 1876 Francis participated with George A.Mears and other business men in forming an association to fence the east half of the 8th Ward Square where theybuilt a ball grounds, a bicycle tract, and a grand stand to seat 500 people.

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Ball clubs were organized complete with suits and equipment. One was called the Red Stockings and the otherthe Deserets. Interestingly, former LDS Church President Heber J. Grant played on the Red Stockings 1877Territorial Base ball championship team.

The bicycle tract riders were Billie and Joe Woods, Angell, and Davis. Davis used what the kids called thesewing machine bike with the little wheel in front.

Newspaper clippings ( Appendix B-13 to B-17) outline the problems Francis now began having trying to getclear title to his Warm Springs lime quarrying real estate. The problem generally seemed to center around thedangers of the blasting at his limestone quarry too close to adjacent roads. In March 1877 the issue was resolvedby Francis paying a rental fee of $5 for the privilege of quarrying the stone with the understanding that he wouldnot blast within five feet of a newly surveyed road.

A May 1, 1877 clipping from the Salt Lake Tribune (Appendix B-18) noted that the Pascoe Warm Springssmelter now employed thirty six men, and that Francis was installing his newly designed smelter stack. Thisimproved stack undoubtedly incorporated the fume scrubbing concept which his son Frank patented in a 1904patent filing. ( See Appendix E-18) The Pascoe Warm Springs was producing at that time five tons of bullionfrom eighteen tons of ore from the Revere and other Bingham mines.

The Tribune article also noted that the Waterman Smelter in Stockton, Tooele County is now processing orefrom the Hidden Treasure Mine. This is the profitable mine that Francis had sold to William Jennings who inturn had also purchased the Waterman Smelter in order to process this ore. (See Appendix B-19). HoweverJennings began having difficulty with the smelter and asked Francis to work with him to improve its operation.Francis and the Riter brothers had earlier joined together to form the Utah and Nevada railroad line which wentinitially to Grantsville and then on to Nevada. Francis was eventually able to have the rail service extended toStockton for transporting ore from the Ophir Mines and bullion from the Waterman Smelter.

In December 1877 Francis began shipping iron ore from his City Creek mine to his Warm Springs smelter to beused as a smelter flux for the silver ores he was smelting. And in 1879 he gave to the Deseret Museum a sampleof the bullion he had made from his Treasure Hill Mine in Virginia City, Montana. (See Appendix B-25). Theaverage assay for a ton and a half sample of the Treasure Hill ore was $136.50 per ton, equivalent to $3,234 of2009 dollars. In this article it was also noted that the ore vein in Francis’ mine was six feet wide.

In 1878 Francis decided to try allowing his 28 year old son Frank to actually superintend the Warm Springs LimePlant with Francis’ son-in-law Joseph Davis as bookkeeper. He was hoping to free up his personal time to beable to assist his friend William Jennings with the technical difficulties in restarted the idle Waterman Smelter.

As the superintendent of the Pascoe Perpetual Lime Kilns, son Frank now began inserting sales ads in thenewspapers for his lime products. (See Appendix B-22, 24, and 28.) The January 3, 1880 ad in the Salt LakeTribune now advertised the lime operation under the heading of F. J. P. Pascoe & Son.

Unfortunately this management trial did not go well. When Francis’ son Henry turned 28 in 1881, Francis triedplacing Henry in charge of the Warm Springs Complex. This again did not work out as was hoped, and Francisfinally sold all his interests in his Ophir mines and Stockton smelter in order to resume his personal managementof the Warm Springs Complex again. The company invoices used at this time now reflect that Francis’ sons areno longer part of the company management. (See Appendix C-8)

And in 1880 Francis entered his company float into the July 24th parade as Float 62, noted in a Deseret Newsarticle of July 28 of that year. Figure 70 is a picture of this float with Warm Springs Smelter and Paint productswhich Francis and his employees had placed on the decorated ore wagon.

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Francis of course, from the time of his arrival in the Valley, had always been a major supporter of the TerritorialFair, and in later years were to receive formal certificates to that effect. His 1888 and 1890 membership certifi-cates are shown in Figures 71 and 72.

However life in the 1880’s was not to be all fun and games for Francis as significant financial reverses arecoming into the Pascoe family’s personal life. The only known documentation of these serious event is on pages82-83 of William Oblad’s hand written Pascoe history. This entry relates an incident of Francis sale of smeltedbullion to the Bamberger Brothers who gave him a check for the purchase. Francis probably left this check ondeposit with them. Unfortunately apparently they didn’t market the bullion immediately in expectation of the

Fig 70: Francis J. P. Pascoe 1880 24th of July Parade Float Displaying Some of the Products Made at His Warm Springs Smelter and Paint Works

Fig 71: Francis’ 1888 Territorial Fair Membership Card

Fig 72: Francis’ 1890 Territorial Fair Membership Card

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price to rise. However the price for silver fell drastically and the banks had to close their doors. When theyreopened Francis was given back only 10% of the $275,000 he had on deposit ($6.2 million in 2008 dollars). Asa result of these reverses, Francis was obliged to sell his lime operations to the Bambergers and immediatelyclose down and sell his Warm Springs Smelter.* TheSeptember 19, 1883 Salt Lake Tribune advertisementfor this sale is shown in Figure 73. (See also Appen-dix B-30)

It appears likely that his close friend William Jenningsbought the entire Warm Springs complex, and fromthat time the smelter at least was known as the Jennings’Pascoe Smelter. Incidently, William Jennings waselected Mayor of Salt Lake City in 1882.

Francis now became more political active serving invarious capacities including: City Chemist, Assayer,and Mineralogist; Justice of the Peace; Election Judge; and Patrolman.

The 1883 reorganization of the Pascoe lime business probably was the time the company’s name was changedfrom Utah Lime and Stone to Utah Lime and Cement. Francis was elected to be the Vice President of thisCorporation. His son Frank was given the assignment of being sales agent. In 1885 in addition to Frankworking as an agent for the Utah Lime and Cement Company he also had become an agent for Fay’s Manilaroofing and other building products. (See Appendix B-32)

In early 1883 Utah Lime and Cement Company also created quiet a stir in town when they carried out a plannedmammoth operational black powder blast at their limestone quarry at Warm Springs. Appendix B-29 describesthis blast but credits Francis’ son Frank with supervising it. Two years later, 2500 pounds of black powderwhich the company had stored in a cave were exploded by someone who had broken into the cave, causing onceagain another tremendous explosion. A number of law suits were filed against the company and the Salt LakeCity Council passed more restrictive ordinances regarding excessive blasting by the company on their limestonequarry. When Francis had more direct involvement with the quarry, the blasting had been more generally beenmore carefully planned and carried out.

In 1884 now Francis found it necessary to make an extensive business trip to his operating mine in Virginia City,Montana in an effort to rebuild his investment capital funds. He hoped that his personal supervision and guid-ance would help the mine profitability. We are again indebted to Wm.. H. Oblad for preserving a series ofletters written in Virginia City by Francis to his young daughters 12 yr old Lavinia and 9 yr old May as well asfor their replies. These are copied in Appendix C-11 to C-14 and C-16. From these letters Lavinia’s developingartistic nature is clearly foreshadowed.

We are also highly indebted to Wm. H. Oblad Sr. for his personal description of Francis in 1884 as given inAppendix C-10

The seven year period from 1876 to 1883 also saw many important changes and events in Francis and Maria’sfamily including:

In 1876: Francis deeding his grand piano to Maria as a token of his love. (See Appendix C-6)In 1877: Maria’s 41 year old sister Clara Husbands Winn passed away in January in Salt Lake City.Abt 1877: 22 yr old daughter Julia Clara marries a 26 yr old man named Groves in Salt Lake City.Apr 1877: 24 yr old son Henry Thomas marries 18 yr old Mary Alouise Lyon in Salt Lake City.

Sometime earlier Francis had organized the Deseret Dramatic Club allowing Henry to meetMary who was the daughter of the famous stage artist T. A. Lyon.

Fig 73: Francis’ Sept. 19, 1883 Salt Lake Tribune Ad Selling his Warm Springs Industrial Complex.

THAT VALUABLE PROPERTY KNOWN as theWarm spring Smelting Works, Salt Lake City, Build-ing cover an area of about 10,000 square feet. Steamengine, furnaces, jig, seven room dwelling house, closeby Utah Central, Denver & RG railways, also UtahLime and Cement Kilns. Excellent location for smelt-ing works, machine shops, oil and color works, glass,iron, cement or other manufactures. Valuable paintand iron mines for sale.

F. J. P. Pascoe, Proprietor

*Francis Warm Springs Smelter apparently was sold around 1883. Thus Francis’ serious financial reverses in 1883 would not have been be related with the historical silver panic of 1893.

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In 1878: Britannia Maria gives birth to twin daughters, Dorothy Eva Davis, and Beatrice May Davis. They arethe Pascoe’s second and third grandchildren.

In 1880: Francis finances 22 year old William Glassmann (or Glassman) to return to Fort Benton, Mon-tana and bring the first herd of buffalo to Utah. They first locate them on a range near LakePoint, but eventually moved them to Antelope island because they had become a terror to thelocal farmers.

In 1880: Francis is called to be the fourth Sunday School Superintendent of the 17th Ward. He will donate someof his personal books to form a Sunday School library.

Jan 1880: The Pascoe’s 4th’s grandchild is born to Britannia Maria and was named Britannia Bertha Davis.Jun 1880: Henry Thomas’ wife Mary Alouise Lyne (Lyon) Pascoe gives birth to Henry Walter Pascoe in Salt LakeOct 1881: 20 yr old daughter Leah Sibella marries a 23 yr old cowboy, Isaac Olds. Ike was running a livery stable

in Salt Lake City and had undoubtedly become well acquainted with Leah’s brother Henry whowas very much interested in horses and horse racing.

May 1882: Britannia Maria gives birth to Thomas Shevelear Davis. This was a difficult birth and Thomas diestwo days after being born. Britannia never recovered her strength and died 21 daysafter this birth.

Dec 1882: 17 yr old daughter Bethulia Ann marries 24 yr old William Glassman. William had moved to Butte,Montana where he was working closely with several business men, probably involved withmining and possibly related to F. J. P. Pascoe’s mining interests. He came back around 1882to marry Bethulia and took her to Butte to live. They returned in 1884 to Salt Lake whereWilliam Glassman formed a real estate partnership named Lynch and Glassman and in 1888William was involved in developing Salt Lake property.

Jun 1883: Leah Sibella gives birth to her daughter True Estella Olds in Salt Lake City. Baby True has been givenLeah’s sister Bethulia’s nick name.

Abt 1884: Bethulia Ann’s daughter Ethel Glassman is born in Salt Lake City.1884: Henry Thomas’s wife Mary Alouise Pascoe dies. Before she died she asked her mother-in-law Maria to

raise their son Harry.

With the above marriages the Pascoe children still living at home had now dwindled to only six. In 1883 the at-home family now consisted of:

Francis and Maria 54 and 53Lorenzo 26 and Henry Walter (Harry) Pascoe 3Eliza 24Edward 21William 16Lavinia 11May 9

1885 to 1890 The Waterman Smelter: As part of financing the sale of his Warm Springs complex Francis nowborrowed money from his business partner William Jennings putting up his home and facilities on North TempleStreet up as security.

Francis found out that Lord Traverse’s abandoned mansion was for sale. It is likely that Lord Traverse had diedsome years earlier at which time Francis had earlier acquired his library. He now decided to buy the residence,refinish it, and relocate the family. However Maria objected to the move and Francis resold the building. Oneof the proceeds from the sale was a right to buy back the Waterman Stockton Smelter. Francis exercised thisright paying $3,000 for the smelter including the machinery and slag dump. Thus Francis again became theowner and operator of the smelter he was so familiar with in Rush Valley. (Reported in Salt Lake Tribune,January 1, 1886.)

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Because of his past involvement with this smelter, Francis knew that the previous owners, as well as othersmelter operators in Rush Valley, had smelted their ores inefficiently, leaving considerable precious metalvalues in their slag dumps. He then began buying up smelter slag dumps and concentrating their values with aconcentrating jig, and then combining these concentrates with local ores for resmelting. The September 13,1885 issue of the Salt Lake Tribune reported favorably on this proposed future operation. (See Appendix B-33)

Francis began once again to explore for precious metal ore deposits near his Stockton Smelter. By 1902 he hadfiled at least five major claims in Toole County, and had opened several new active mines.

A photograph of his Stockton Smelter is shown in Figure 74. The valuable Tintic mining area where the HiddenTreasure and other Pascoe mines were located are in the mountains shown on the East of the plant in this picture.

In addition to these activities, it is a wonder that in 1886 Francis found time to join with Hugh Watson in thebuilding of a glass factory north of the Warm Springs Smelter. It was located at 9th North and east of his oil andpaint plants. Francis invested $8,000 and Hugh $2,000. It was necessary for Francis to make the glass meltingpots out of his own black lead material. Their glass factory operated for two years but had to shut down in 1888because it couldn’t compete with imported glass.

Other activities occupying Francis’ time was the drilling of several successful oil and gas wells on the easternedge of the south and east edge of Salt Lake.

In 1887 Francis’ corporation, The Utah Lime and Cement Company, discovered a brand new warm springs ontheir property and began making plans for piping the warm water into a new bath house in the center of down-town Salt Lake City. (See Appendix B-34)

For some time now legal ownership of the now valuable Warms Springs industrial land had become under courtlitigation. This became a difficult time period with the need for Francis to be away from home both on hisvarious mineral exploring trips as well as the need to personally supervise the running of his smelter and minesso far away in Toole County along with his mining operations in Montana. The net result was that he finallyabandoned his Warm Springs brick yard and paint works to the Folsom interests. This now brought a closure to

Fig 74: The WatermanSmelter in Stockton, Utah, 1885

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the industrial development pioneered by Francis in the Warm Springs area starting in 1860 as noted in the plaqueshown in Figure 46.

A real estate sales ad for residential property in June 1888 now summarized the current industrial developmentin this area. The ad in Appendix B-35 listed the operating or planned industrial plants in the Warm Springs areaas the following:

Salt Lake Chemical Works Thistle Stone and Marble CompanyPascoe Paint Mills Salt Lake Mill and Elevator CompanyUtah Soap and Candle Factory plus strong prospects for other companies locating there.

This period from 1885 to 1890 was also the time period when Francis was often in court either defending hisown mining claims or suing to get them validated. As noted in Appendix B-39, The Bunker Hill suit in particularsettled an important point in mining law in favor of Francis. It was decided that when Francis had filed claimsto his Ada 1 and 2 property and they overlapped his claim denoted as Chief, this overlapping consisted of anabandonment of his claim to the Chief. The Bunker Hill company now would either have to pay Francis$15,000 for his claims or forfeit the land.

Francis now began encouraging his adult sons to help expand and manage the Pascoe mining interest in theHelena-Butte Montana area. First to go there in 1887 was their 30 year old bachelor son Lorenzo who beganworking as a miner in the Golden Era Mine in Argenta, Montana. Lorenzo felt it important to get some firsthand mining experience. This would make him a more effective manager of some of his father’s mines.Regardless, this was to result in a devastating blow to Maria and Francis when on May 21, 1888 Lorenzo waskilled in a mine accident as he was crossing the mine shaft when the bucket was rapidly descending. (SeeAppendix B-36.) Lorenzo’s body was returned to Salt Lake and buried in the family plot in Salt Lake Cemetery.

A photograph of a plaque honoring Lorenzo was made asshown in Figure 75. It’s not known how this memorialplaque was used, but it was likely mounted in the Pascoehome were visitors could view it. In any event, the poemson the plaque are those of the budding 16 year old poetess,Lavinia Pascoe. Lavinia was scheduled to develop someliterary fame publishing a book of her poetry as well aspopular music and stories. (See Page 76).

At the same time that Lorenzo went to Montana, Francis’29-year old son-in-law Ike Olds moved his family, 26 yrold Leah, 4 yr old daughter True and 2 yr old daughterBirdie to Butte. While the details of this move are notknown, it was likely that Francis had encouraged it becauseof Ike’s involvement in the livery business and coulddevelop a supply of horses for Francis’ Montana mines.

And in the summer of 1888 Francis asks 27 yr old GeorgeLangdon to move to Butte to replace Lorenzo as thebusiness manager of the Treasure Hill Mine. Francis alsoasked his 20-year old son William to move to Butte toassist George managing his mining interests. Williamtook his newly wed bride, 17 yr old Ann Tate with him;however marital problems rapidly led to a divorce, possiblybecause of the difficult living conditions in Butte at thattime. In any event William is listed in the 1890-91 ButteDirectory as a contractor living near his sister Leah in Fig 75: Memorial Plaque for Lorenzo Pascoe

with Lavinia Pascoe’s poems

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North Walkerville in 1893. However after he marries 21 yr old Christine Geisseler in 1893 in Butte, theyimmediately will move back to Utah living in Ogden.

Around July 1888 Leah’s husband Ike found it necessary to visit Salt Lake on a business trip and becameinvolved in a serious legal problem with either Francis or his son Frank.

Later that year probably in November 1888, Julia and her husband Mr. Groves apparently moved to Butte,likely again at the request of Francis to help handle the problems of Francis’ rapidly expanding mining interestin Montana. However a number of dates are not certain for Julia. She is believed to have married Mr. Grovesin Salt Lake City around 1877 and her daughter Viola was born there in September 1888. However Grovesprobably died shortly after this move, leaving Julia a widow possibly in 1889. William may then have invitedher to keep house for him. Julia is listed in the 1890-91 Butte Census as a widow of Grove (sic) and was livingat 24 West Copper St., Butte.

Julia’s sister Leah is well along with expecting the birth of her son George and undoubtedly welcomes thefriendship and support of sister Julia. In turn Leah also was available to help Julia when her husband diedduring that time period.

In 1890 a romance now developed between Julia and George Langdon who as noted earlier had been sent toMontana to replace Lorenzo after he was killed in 1888. They were probably married in late 1890 and theirson George Langdon was born in 1891 in Butte. By 1893 they had moved back to Salt Lake City where theirother children were born. Viola apparently was given the last name of Langdon at that time.

Back in Salt Lake, Maria’s health now had begun to fail and Francis closed down the Waterman Smelter opera-tions in 1890 so he could be home closer to Maria. Prior to this decision, the waters in Rush Lake also hadreceded sufficiently that it was necessary to cart in cooling water making it difficult to run the smelter.

As could be expected the time period from 1885 to 1890 was a time for major events and changes for the Pascoefamily.

These events included the following:

Jun 1885: 26 yr old daughter Eliza Louisa marries 30 year old Henry C. Craig in Salt Lake City.Sep 1885: Leah Sibella gives birth to Birdie Mae Olds in Salt Lake City.Dec 1885: 22 yr old Edward Albert (Ted) marries 20 yr old Alice Eldridge Yearsley. It is likely that

Alice had been married earlier to a Mr. Shipp.Abt 1886: It is felt that Bethulia was the mother of William Glassman Jr. who was likely born around

this time in Salt Lake City. This parentage needs to be verified.Jan 1887: Edward Albert’s wife Alice Yearsley gives birth to Creta Pascoe in Salt Lake City.Jan 1887: 19 yr old son William Richard marries 26 year old Ann Tate in Salt Lake City.Apr 1888: Widowed son Henry Thomas marries Lillian Kate Durnford They move to San Mateo, California.May 1888: 31 yr old son Lorenzo James is killed in a mine accident in Argenta, Montana.Aug 1888: Edward Albert’s wife Alice Yearsley gives birth to Cecil Pascoe in Salt Lake City.Sep 1888: Julia Louisa gives birth to Viola Groves. Her name will be changed to Viola Langdon when Julia

marries George Langdon.Feb 1889: Henry Thomas’s wife Lillian Durnford gives birth to George Washington Pascoe in San Mateo.Mar 1889: Leah Sibella gives birth to George Lorenzo Olds in Butte, Montana.Abt 1889: 31 yr old son William Richard divorces Annie Tate Pascoe in Butte, Montana.Oct 1890: Edward Albert’s wife Alice Yearsley gives birth to their son Vern in Salt Lake CityJun 1890: 45 yr old widowed daughter Julia Clara marries 49 yr old George Francis Langdon in ButteNov 1890: Henry Thomas’ wife Lillian Durnford gives birth to Wilbert Arthur Pascoe in Salt Lake City.In 1890: Henry Thomas took his 10 yr old son Harry Pascoe to Chicago to be cared for by Grandmother Lyon

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Abt 1890: Bethulia Ann and William Glassman are divorced. Possibly because of Bethulia’s later healthproblems, her children, 6 yr old Ethel and 4 yr old William Glassman Jr. appear tohave been raised by their father William Glassman Sr. and his new wife EvelynViginia Ellis.

1891 to 1895 Maria’s Death; the Silver Panic; Expansion into Idaho: With all of Francis’ industrial andcivic achievements, his beloved wife Maria’s role should not be minimized. Without her full support, love, andencouragement, Francis’ significant efforts in the industrialization of the Salt Lake Valley would have beengreatly reduced.

Thus Margaret Maria Husbands Pascoe’s important part in this industrialization should be continually rememberedincluding her role not only as the bearer of Francis’ thirteen children, but as the supporter, confidant, andmotivator who encouraged Francis’ efforts to make his important industrialization contributions to the Zionthey both had made so much sacrifices to come and build.

It is also important to remember that when the Pascoe family was wealthy, Maria kept the common touch andcould always be approached by the many friends who came to her for advice, encouragement. and comfort indistress.

When the financial reverses of the 1880’s came, Maria was now the stalwart who provided family stability andstrength. The measure of a person’s true greatness is shown by their ability to cope with reverses while beingtrue to the testimony that permeated their life.

Finally in the later part of 1890, Maria’s long years of effort and strain began to take its toll on her health. Herpersonal sacrifices in trying to manage the affairs of a large extended family along with the frequent and longabsences of her beloved companion eventually resulted in her being confined to bed at the end of 1890.

Maria’s daughter Leah related the touching last conversation she had with Francis when she finally passedaway on January 2, 1891 at the age of 61. As she was dying she asked Francis to “give her the grip”, referringof course to the patriarchal covenants they had made together in the temple shortly after arriving in Zion.

The family now gathered home for the funeral services which has been recorded by William Oblad Sr. asfollows:

Funeral at 360 West 2nd NorthPresiding: Bishop SolomanSong by 17th Ward Choir: Nearer My God to TheePrayer: William WhiteSolo by Lizzie Thomas: Oh My FatherSpeaker: Charles W. Penrose (a close friend of Maria’s.)Remarks: Bishop SolomanChoir: Rest For the Weary SoulBenediction: Malando Pratt

Cortage: 26 carriagesGrave Dedication: Bishop TingeyPall Bearers: C. T. Husbands, Hewson Husbands, William Husbands, George Langdon, Hyrum Bell,

and Wm. H. Oblad Sr.

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At the time of Maria’s funeral, three of her children had previously died: Charles Anthony in 1873, Lorenzo in1881, and Britania in 1882. Leah couldn’t come to her mother’s funeral because she was caring for her threechildren alone in Butte, Montana and likely was still experiencing the effects of her husband’s legal problems.The other children attending Maria’s funeral were:

41 year old Frank 26 year old Bethulia (True)38 year old Henry 23 year old William36 year old Julia 19 year old Lavinia (Vinnie)32 year old Eliza 16 year old May28 year old Edward (Ted)

With the loss of his beloved companion of forty-three years, Francis at the age of sixty-two years was greatlycomforted by his many friends and associates. Two close important mining friends accompanied him to the

cemetery: Messrs. John McVicker and Annehuer Mathias.

Maria was buried with loving family concern in the familyplot in Salt Lake City Cemetery. The Memorial Plaquemade for Maria is shown in Figure 76. Again Laviniaprepared another beautiful poem in her mother’s honor.

With Maria’s passing, Francis returned to the world ofwork. With the loss of his Warm Springs property and theclosure of the Waterman Smelter, Francis still had retainedownership of the Waterman property including the slagdumps. He now quickly realized that with theinefficiencies of the early smelters, considerable metallicvalues had been discarded onto the dump with the slag.As noted before, he decided to set up a concentrating jigto recover these values working first upon the fines andlater setting up a crusher for the coarse fraction. AnOctober 1895 article in the Salt Lake Tribune reported onthis operation and credited Francis with being the “fatherof smelting in Utah.

The year 1893 was a critical year not only for the Pascoefamily but for the entire nation as the famous Silver Paniccaused both bank closures and immense financial lossesto all of the silver mines in Salt Lake Valley. The 1890Sherman Silver Act requiring the government to purchasesilver at a price beyond it’s actual value had of courseencouraged overproduction of the Western mines beyond

the capacity of the market to handle. With the governmental fixed price of silver more than it cost to produceit, people quickly converted all their silver holdings into gold. When the gold supply fell below a criticalamount, the Sherman Act was quickly repealed and the inflated silver industry based on inflated silver collapsed.William Jennings Bryan famous speech had in effect reflected the crucifying of the country on a cross of silverrather than on gold.

Since Francis had already lost the bulk of his fortune in 1883, his losses in 1893 were not as large as they couldhave been. But these reverses now gave him impetus to sell the 1st North Pascoe Home (a street now relabeledas 2nd North.), particularly since it was only serving as a way station as family members moved in and out.Francis sold the home to an important mining friend of his, Mr. L. C. Trent.

Fig 76: Memorial Plaque for Maria Pascoe, 1891

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In 1895 Francis now buys a limestone deposit in Darby Canyon, Idaho. He gives the supervision of this facilityto his son William who was 27 years old. William relocates his small family to Darby where he will essentiallylive for the next twenty three years.

And other important family events are occurring in the 1891 to 1895 time period:

Jan 1891: Mother Margaret Maria Pascoe passes away at the age of 61 in Salt Lake City.Sep 1891: Julia Clara gives birth to George Francis Langdon Jr. in Butte. Shortly after this the family moves

back to Salt Lake City.Dec 1891: 26 yr old daughter Bethulia Ann marries James Williamson Reger in Ogden, Utah.Jun 1892: Francis Adolphus’ wife Lizzie Barfoot Pascoe dies at the age of 39 from spinal menigitis. She leaves

behind her husband Frank and their 20 year old son FJP Pascoe II.Jun 1892: Edward Albert’s wife Alice Yearsley gives birth to Guy Aldean Pascoe in Salt Lake City.Jun 1892: Britannia Maria’s 12 yr old daughter Britannia Bertha Davis dies. Her mother had died ten years

earlier, and it is likely that by this time all four of her mother’s children had passed away. Herfather Joseph Davis will also pass away in 1895.

Sep 1892: Julia Clara’s son, one yr old George Francis Langdon Jr., dies in Salt Lake City.Oct 1892: Edward Albert’s son 4 month old Guy Aldean Pascoe dies in Salt Lake City.Jan 1893: 25 yr old son William Richard marries 21 yr old Christine Geisseler in Butte, Montana.Feb 1893: Edward Albert’s 6 yr old daughter Creta dies in Salt Lake City.Mar 1893: Leah Sibella’s husband Ike Olds comes to Salt Lake and will pass away there at the age of 35.

Francis arranged for Ike to be buried in the Salt Lake Cemetery. However in a program to remove non LDSburials from the cemetery, Ike’s body is reinterred at Mt. Olivet Cemetery.

Jun 1893 21 yr old daughter Lavinia Gertrude marries 22 yr old William Hans Oblad Sr. in the Salt LakeTemple

Nov 1893: Julia Clara give birth to Ruby Ella Langdon in Salt Lake City.Nov 1893: Henry Thomas’ wife Lilian Durnford gives birth to Erwin Laroy Pascoe in San Diego, California.Mar 1894: Lavinia Gertrude’s daughter Lavinia Freida Oblad was born in Salt Lake City.Apr 1894: William Richard’s wife Christine Geisseler gives birth to William Richard Pascoe Jr. in Ogden, Utah.

Shortly after his birth, William moves his family to Darby, Idaho where he will manage thePascoe limestone quarry.

Aug 1895: Julia Clara gives birth to Ruth Agatha Langdon in Ogden, Utah.Dec 1895: 21 yr old daughter Emily May marries 22 yr old Ephraim Tobias Oblad in the Salt Lake Temple. Eph

is Bill Oblad’s younger brother.Abt 1895: 32 year old Edward Albert and 30 year old Alice Yearsly divorce. Alice changes her two living sons

family name to YearsleyIn 1895: Francis nephew William H. Pascoe comes to act in the Salt Lake Theater. He told his Uncle that the

Polkinghorn’s estate in Cornwall had gone into Chancellery

1896 to 1903 The Twilight Years: After selling the family mansion on 1st North Street, Francis moves to histhird home in Salt Lake at 515 E. 5th South in 1896. No details are available for this move except that it wasclose to the family home of Ann Tate*, William Pascoe’s first wife. Francis will live there for three years from1896 to 1899.

In 1899 the 17th Ward Sunday School sent Francis a letter inviting him to come to the Ward’s Jubilee Celebrationas a former worker in the Sunday School. A copy of this invitation is shown in Appendix C-18.

Also at this time Francis’ 45 year old son Frank now joins him in running the concentrating jigs at Stockton forseveral years. A December 1900 article in the Salt Lake Herald reported that Pascoes were very pleased withthe work that they were doing in reclaiming the slag dump. (See Appendix B-40) Frank then persuades hisfather to allow him to refurbish and restart the idle smelter so that they could smelt the silver concentrates fromthe jigs. Francis then turns the day to day supervision of the Waterman smelter over to Frank so that he wouldhave time to attend to his Montana mining interests.*Nicholas G. Morgan, a Tate descendant, recently lived at 475 East 5th South

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In 1899 Francis now makes an extended business trip to Montana staying with his 37 year old widowed daughterLeah in Walkerville, a suburb of Butte. Francis was able to get acquainted with her three children, 16 year oldTrue, 14 year old Birdie, and 10 year old George. Leah is having a very difficult time financing her householdwith the problems of growing teen age children. Unfortunately because of his financial reverses, Francis is notin a position to provide much help. It is significant that while he was visiting Leah, his daughter Julia sent him$5 as a birthday present. And of course $5 in 1899 would a significant financial present since it would be worth$128 in 2009. In February of that year Francis wrote a significant letter from Butte to his daughter Laviniacommenting on his own genealogy. A copy of this letter is given in Appendix C-16

Unfortunately while Francis was in Butte, the Waterman Smelter caught fire and was closed down with aninsurance settlement. Francis then sold the burnt out smelter to the Raddotz interests along with his variousmining claims in the Ophir area. A July 12, 1892 Tribune article note that the idle Waterman Smelter wasbought by a newly formed company which would refurnish and upgrade it.

With the proceeds from the sale of the Waterman Smelter, in 1901 Francis buys his fourth and final home at1224 South Lake Street (700 East.) He invites his 32 year old daughter Eliza to move with him and keep house.Eliza had probably become widowed some time earlier and apparently never had children.

However in 1903 the years of arduous and heavy work are taking their toil on Francis and in April his healthbegins to fail him. Unfortunately and to Francis’ great concern , sometime during this time period his lovelydaughter Bethulia’s health seriously declined and the Reger family moved to Pueblo, Colorado where she couldmore properly be treated

And family events for this time period continued to occur:

.Feb 1896: William Richard’s wife Christine Geisselr give birth to Pearl Pascoe in Darby, Idaho. Pearl

dies shortly after being born.Aug 1896: Julia Clara gives birth to Cora LaVonne Langdon in Salt Lake City.Sep 1896: Emily May gives birth to Frederick James Oblad in Salt Lake City.Abt 1897: Julia Clara gives birth to Charles Langdon in Ogden.Apr 1897: Lavinia Gertrude gives birth to Gladys Virginia Oblad in Salt Lake City.May 1897: 34 yr old Edward Albert marries 20 yr old Margaret Stevenson Field in Salt Lake CityNov 1897: William Richard’s wife Christine Geisseler gives birth to Leona Thelma Pascoe reportedly in

Sulfur Springs, Utah, but it more likely in Soda Springs, Idaho.Jan 1898: Henry Thomas’ wife Lillian Durnford gives birth toLillian Kate Pascoe in Salt Lake City

where they now are living.Mar 1898: Edward Albert’s wife Margaret Field gives birth to Edessa Pascoe in Salt Lake City.Mar 1899: Emily May gives birth to Edna May Oblad in Salt Lake City.Nov 1899: Edward Albert’s wife Margaret Field gives birth to Edward Albert Pascoe Jr. in Salt Lake.In 1900: 47 year old Henry Albert had a bad accident in a smelter when hot melt

spilled into his work boot. He almost lost his leg, but fortunately the bone wasscraped, skin was grafted, and his leg was saved.

Mar 1900: William Richard’s wife Christine Geisseler gives birth to Natalie Anna Pascoe in Darby, Idaho.Mar 1901 61 year old son Francis Adolphus marries 33 year old Evaline Davey in Salt Lake City.Mar 1901: Edward Albert’s wife Margaret Field gives birth to Birdie Pascoe in Clayton, Idaho.Feb 1902: Emily May gives birth to Geraldine Claudius Oblad in Salt Lake City.Aug 1902: Edward Albert’s wife Margaret Field gives birth to Jesse Field Pascoe in Driggs, Idaho.Sep 1902: William Richard’s wife Christine Geisseler gives birth to Frances Elizabeth Pascoe in Darby.Apr 1903: 44 yr old Eliza Louisa marries 45 yr old Frank Benjamin Shupp in Salt Lake City.

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Shortly After Eliza and Frank Shupp were married, Francis now began feeling ill and retired to his home. Thefollowing article about Francis during at this time is taken from an unidentified clipping located in 1957 in theLDS Church’s Historical Library:

Francis passed away quietly at home from general debility on August 16, 1903. Funeral services were held inthe 9th Ward Meeting House August 21, 1902 at 3 PM and were recorded by Bill Oblad Sr. as follows:

Presiding: Bishop J. W. WestConducting: Joseph W. TaylorQuartet: Oh My Father by Lizzie Thomas, A. Beesley, Mr Bull, Mr. ChristophersonPrayer: Counselor John BrownRemarks by friends: John Snell, Mr McVicker, Mr. Mathias, and John BrownSolo: Beautiful City by Lizzie ThomasRemarks by friends: Hugh Watson, J. T. Oblad, and Bishop J. W. West,Quartet: Rest for the Weary HeartBenediction: J. W. Reese

Pall Bearers: J. W. West, John Frederick Oblad, McVicker, Mathias, H. P. Folsom, and J. DunnDedicating Grave: Hyrum P. Folsom

The chapel was packed with family and friends, and with many floral tributes. The mining men of Utah had afloral wheel with several cogs missing. The family and immediate friends rode in carriages to the Salt LakeCemetery. There was a draped street car at 4th South and 5th East that other friends rode to the cemetery.

Francis and Maria were buried side by side in the Salt Lake City Cemetery with a limestone tombstone thatcontained a poem written by their poetess daughter Lavinia. This tombstone unfortunately has not weatheredwell and the inscriptions can now only vaguely be recognized. A picture of their tombstone today is shown inFigure 77. Lavinia’s poem is engraved on the stone. It has been enlarged for the photograph.

“The features of the pioneer lime kiln man in Utah will be well remembered by the many people who knew himin early days. Mr. Pascoe has been so rarely heard of during late years that it may surprize many to know that hestill lives on Lake street in this city. His life was one of the most arduous toil for a full quarter of a century afterhe arrived in Utah. He came here in 1860 from England where he had an extensive experience in mineralogy,metal refining, smelting, etc. He bought a residence in the Seventeenth ward from Pres. Young immediately onarriving; he commenced the burning of lime and the manufacure of mineral paint in 1861, and made the whitingused on theTabernacle organ pipes. Wishing to follow the advice of Pres. Young and establish home factoriesfor the employment of the people, he built the Warm Springs smelting works and his payroll at one time ran ashigh as $3,000 a month. The first car load of bullion produced there was from ore which came mostly from theHidden Treasure mine then owned by Wm Jennings. He had untold difficulties to contend with in commencingsmelting and manufacturing work. He had to make his own fire brick for the furnaces and his acid was madefrom molasses skimmings. He used tan bark for generating heat. The white lead he turned out was of finequality, but was principally sold in its dry state, though some of it was put in oil manufactured by Pres. Heber C.Kimball. Mr. Pascoe’s full name is Francis James Polkenhorn Pascoe. He was born Feb 17 1829 at Hayle,Copperhouse, Cornwall, England. He married Maria Husbands Dec 24, 1848, and both were baptized into theChurch Feb 25, 1853.”

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13. Life After Francis and Maria

Francis and Maria were survived in 1903 by their 9 children, 30 grandchildren, and 2 great grandchildren aslisted in Appendix E-20. All of the living Pascoe sons and daughters except Bethulia gathered at the Lake Streethome for a final family portrait as shown in Figure 78. Because of her health, Bethulia unfortunately was notable to get away from Pueblo where she was being treated medically.

Fig 78: Francis and Maria Pascoe’s Children Attending Their Father’s FuneralSalt Lake City, August 16, 1903

Back L to R: May, 28; William, 35; Lavinia, 31; Edward, 40; Eliza, 44; Henry, 50;Seated L to R: Julia, 48 ; Francis A., 53; Leah, 42;

Fig 77: Francis and Maria’s Tombstone, 2009

Dear parents in peaceful sleep,

where the zephyrs softly blow,

Rest where all earthly toil is o’er,

where you no pains shall know.

’Tis here we mark your resting place,

and plant the flowers of May,

While God your noble souls shall keep,

‘till the resurection day.

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Francis and Maria had a total of thirteen children, six of whom were born in England and came across the plainswith them. The other seven were all born in Salt Lake City. A brief biography for each of the Pascoe childrenfollows including the various Street Directories listings that have been located. These biographies and picturesgenerally reflect each individual’s circumstances at the time of their father’s death in 1903.

Francis Adolphus Pascoe: Frank, as he was more commonly known, was born in 1850 inNewington, Surrey, England. In 1903, 53-year old Frank , is living in Salt Lake with EvalineDavey whom he married after Lizzie Barfoot, his first wife, died in 1901 from spinalmeningitis. After several years Frank and Evaline divorced, and in 1907 he married EvaCrockwell. After quarreling, Eva and Frank separated. In 1920 he was living with his sonFJP Pascoe Jr. He finally moved to Nampa, Idaho where he died in 1926 at the age of 76. Heand Lizzie had one child, Francis James Polkinghorn II, named after Frank’s father.

Salt Lake City Directory listings for Frank were:1885: 166 W 2nd North: Agent, Utah Lime & Cement, Vulcan Powder Co, San Pete Palace Stone1888: 166 W 2nd North: Picture Frame Dealer at 108 1st West.1889: 166 W. 2nd North: Mfg’s Agent1890: 717 S. 1st West Mfg’s Agent1896: 114 L Avenue: Solicitor, Burlington (RR?).1897: 114 L Avenue: Clerk, Burlington.1898: 114 L Avenue: Clerk, Ogden Short Line Railroad1903: Boards at 1224 Lake: Mining

Britannia Marie Pascoe Davis: Britannia had died eleven years earlier in 1882 at the age of 31. She hadmarried Joseph George Davis when she was 24 and had subsequently given birthto four children, none of whom apparently had lived much past the age of 12. Herchildren were: twins, Dorothy and Beatrice, 1878; Britannia Bertha, 1880; andThomas Shevelear, 1882. She probably died from complications with the birthof her last child. Britannia had been born south of London in 1851 in St. SaviorParish, Surrey, England. In 1890 her widowed husband Joseph Davis was livingat 247 South Main working as a mining broker. Likely their daughter Bertha wasliving with him before she died two years later in 1892.

Henry Thomas Pascoe: Henry was born in 1853 in Southwark, Surrey, England. He was 50years old when his father died. At that time he and his present wife, 23 year old Lillian KateDurnford, were living in Salt Lake along with four children: George, 14; Wilbert, 13; Erwin,10; and Lillian, 5. They will have one more child, Dorothy, born six years later. Henry hadpreviously married Mary Alouise (Carrie) Lyon (or Lyne) when he was 24 and she was 18.Mary died in about 1884 and asked her mother in law Maria Pascoe to raise her three year oldson, Harry, for her. By 1889 Henry and Lillian moved to San Diego, California where theirfirst three children were born. When his first son, Harry, was ten in 1890, his father took himto Chicago for grandmother Lyon to finish raising him. Around 1894 the family moved back to Salt Lake Cityand Henry began working in one of the local smelters where he had a serious accident by getting some moltenslag inside one of his work boots. This required a serious operation with scraping of the bone so it could heal.He then began working as a conductor and later as a motorman on the Utah Light Rail (Street Car). He died inSalt Lake City at the age of 71.

Fig 80: 31 yrs in 1882

Fig 81: 50 yrs

Fig 79: 53yrs

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Salt Lake City Directory listings for Henry were:

1889: 175 L Avenue Teamster1896: Conductor Salt Lake City Railroad1897: “ “ “1898: 238 L Avenue “ “ “1903: 755 5th Avenue “ “ “1905: 755 5th Avenue: Motorman, Utah L(light) RyPlus a 1903 entry for 23 year old Harry Pascoe:bds at 755 5th Ave. (Harry was to eventually become the manager of the Criterion Theater in New York.)

Julia Clara Pascoe Groves Langdon: Julia was born in Rotherhite, Surrey, England in1855. She was 48 years old when her father died in 1903. She and her 52 year old husbandGeorge Langdon were probably living in Montana at that time with their six children: Viola,15; George, 12; Ruby, 10; Ruth, 8; Cora, 7; and Charles, 6. Earlier in about 1888 Julia and herfirst husband a Mr. Groves had moved to Butte from Salt Lake City. Shortly after movingthere Mr. Groves died leaving Julia as a widow with their one year old daughter Viola. Violawas then apparently given the last name of Langdon when Julia married George Langdonsome two years after Mr. Groves died. Julia had married Mr. Groves in Salt Lake City inabout 1877 when she was 22 and he was 26. In 1893 Julia and George Langdon moved back to Salt Lake Citywhere Ruby was born; then in 1895 to Ogden where Ruth was born; then in 1896 back to Salt Lake where Corawas born; then in 1897 again back to Ogden where Charles was born. Eventually sometime after Father Pascoe’sfuneral they apparently moved to Montana. Julia likely died in Roundup, Montana in 1940 at the age of 85. Inthe 1890-91 Butte Directory she is listed as a widow of Grove (sic) living at 24 Copper St. in Butte.

Lorenzo James Pascoe: Lorenzo had been dead five years when his father Francispassed away in 1903. He had gone to work in the Argenta Mine in Virginia City in1887 at the age of 30. Unfortunately he was killed in a mine accident the nextyear. He never had married. Lorenzo had been born in Bethnal Green, London,England in 1857.

Eliza Louisa Pascoe Craig Shupp: Eliza was 44 in 1903 and had been married to 45 yearold Frank Benjamin Shupp only four months before her father passed away. At the age of 26she had previously been married to 30 year old Henry C. Craig, and it is not known whetherhe died or they were divorced. No children are listed for either of her marriages. Elizaeventually moves to Alahambra, California where she will die in 1926 at the age of 67. Shewas the last of the children to have been born in England. She was born in 1859 likely inBethnal Green, London.

Fig 83: 31 yrs in 1888

Fig 84: 44 yrs

Fig 82: 48 yrs

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Leah Sibella (C.) Pascoe Olds: As a 42 year old widow in 1903 Leah made the difficult tripfrom Butte to Salt Lake to attend her father’s funeral. Leah was the first of the Pascoechildren to be born in Salt Lake City. She was born in 1861, one year after the family arrivedin the Valley. Leah was 20 when in 1881 she married a 23 year old cowboy, Isaac Olds,operator of a livery stable in Salt Lake City. Their first two children (True Estella bn 1883and Birdie Mae bn 1885) were born in Salt Lake before the family moved to Butte, Montanain about 1888. Their third and last child, George Lorenzo, was born in Butte in 1889. Ikedied in 1893 leaving 32 year old Leah a widow to care for their three children: True, 10;Birdie, 8; and George, 4. In 1899 Leah’s father visits Butte on business and stays with Leah for several months.Seven years later in 1900, 39 year old Leah married James Brown in Butte. However James died only a fewmonths later. In 1905 Leah will move to Creede, Colorado with her 16 year old son George, where in 1912 atthe age of 51 she marries Herman Schultz. Herman unfortunately died the next year. In 1918 Leah marriesagain at the age of 57. Her new husband, John McCulland, moves her to Eureka, Utah where he is working asa miner before passing away in 1919. Leah then moves progressively to Bolder, Colorado, Chicago, andDenver to assist in the care of various grandchildren from time to time. She finally passed away in Denver in1952 at the age of 91. A bound family history has been written for Leah and Ike’s family; see The Story of IsaacOlds and Leah Sibella Pascoe, FHL 929.273OL1oLe.Street Directories for Leah and Ike are:Salt Lake City: 1880: 14 North 1st West with Ike’s livery stable on 1st South between State and Main Streets. 1888: 22 North 1st West, StockmanButte: 1890-1891: Ike Olds, miner 224 S. Arizona St 1891-1892: Ike olds, 168 Agate 1895: Leah Olds (widow Isaac) boards rear 515 E. Broadway 1900: 235 Toboggan Avenue (home of future husband James Brown)

Edward Albert Pascoe: Edward was 40 years old and was living in Driggs, Idaho when hisfather died. He was helping his brother William manage the Pascoe limestone quarry inDarby Canyon, Idaho. In 1885 Edward had first married Alice Eldridge Yearsley in SaltLake City when he was 22 and she was 20. Their first child, Creta died at the age of 6 in1893. Their next two children, Cecil and Vern were born in Salt Lake in 1888 and 1890respectfully. Their last child, Guy Aldean Pascoe, passed away four months after his birth in1892. Alice and Edward then divorced after which Edward married Margaret StevensonField in 1897 when he was 34 and she was 20. After their first child Edessa was born in 1898in Salt Lake City, the family moved to Driggs where Edward Jr. was born in 1899. The family then moved toCuster County, Idaho where Birdie was born in 1901; then to Darby, Idaho near Driggs where Jesse and Maewere born in 1902 and 1904. Edward then moved his family to San Bernadino, California where their lastchild, Pearl, was born in 1913. While in California, Edward passed away in 1921 at the age of 58.

Bethulia Ann (True) Pascoe Glassman Reger: Bethulia was living in Pueblo when herfather died, a distance too far for her to travel to attend his funeral in 1903. She had marriedtwice with at least one and possibly two children by her first marriage and one by her second.She married first in 1882, 24 year old William C. Glassman in Salt Lake City when she was 17.While in Salt Lake they had Ethel Glassman in 1884 and possibly William Glassman Jr. in1886. They had spent their honeymoon year in Butte, Montana, but returned to Salt Lake Cityshortly thereafter. Bethulia and William divorced in about 1889. Then in 1891, 26-year oldBethulia married 23-year old James Reger in Ogden, Utah. Some time afterwards, Bethulia’shealth began to decline and the family moved to Pueblo, Colorado so she could be properlytreated. In Pueblo, Bethulia gave birth their son Joel in 1906. Joel was quite ill for most of his live andrequired extensive care. Bethulia eventually was moved to Norwalk, Los Angeles, California where she couldget better care. She died there at age 55 in 1930.

Fig 85: 42 yrs

Fig 86: 40 yrs

Fig 87: 25 yrs (38 in 1903)

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William Richard Pascoe: William was 35 when his father died and he traveled from hishome in Darby, Idaho for the funeral. He was born in Salt Lake City in 1868. When he was 19in 1887 he married 16-year old Ann Tate. Shortly after the wedding William took his newbride to Butte, Montana where he was to work for several years as his father’s mining agent.After Ann divorced him, William lived as a bachelor in Butte for several years probably withhis widowed sister Julia keeping house for him. In Butte he met 20-year old Christine Geisselerwhen he was 24 and they were married the next year in January 1893. He and Christine thenmove to Ogden, Utah where their son William Richard Junior was born in 1894. In 1895William’s father asks him to move to Darby, Idaho and manage the limestone quarry he hasjust bought. They make this move with their 1-year old son. The next year in 1896 their daughter Pearl will beborn but will die at birth. Leona Thelma Pascoe is born the following year in 1897 reportedly in Sulfur Springs,Utah but likely in Soda Springs, Idaho. Their remaining eight children are all born in Darby: Natalie Anna in1900; Frances Elizabeth, 1902; Frederick Geisseler,1906; Chrissie Elliese, 1908; Darrel James, 1909 and Vivien,1913. Unfortunately Vivien Pascoe, dies one week after birth. In 1918 William moves his family to Nampa,Idaho near Boise. William will die in Nampa in 1957 at the age of 89.

Charles Anthony Pascoe: Charles Anthony was born in March 1870 in SaltLake City. He died from complications associated with the measles when he wasthree in February 1873. He was the first of the Pascoe family to be buried in theSalt Lake City Cemetery.

Lavinia Gertrude Pascoe Oblad: Lavinia was 31 when her father passed away. She wasborn in Salt Lake City in 1872. In 1893 at the age of 21 she married 22 yr old William HansOblad Sr. They were the 41st couple to be married in the recently opened Salt Lake Temple.They had four children all born in Salt Lake City: Lavinia Frieda, 1894; Gladys Virginia,1897; Basil John, 1904; William Hans Jr, 1906. Lavinia died in 1942 in Salt Lake City atthe age of 70. The following abstract regarding Lavinia’s artistic abilities was taken frompage 108 of an undated book entitled Popular American Composers:

As noted previously, we are greatly indebted to Lavinia’s husband William for recording the first written historyof Lavinia’s parents. Fortunately after marrying Lavinia, William had the opportunity of becoming acquaintedwith his father-in-law for a period of ten years from 1872 to 1903 before Francis passed away. We appreciatehis talent for recording these important historical events which would have been lost except for his care.

Fig 88: 35 yrs

Lavinia was educated at St. Mary’s Academy in Salt Lake. She was of a poetic nature and haswritten many credible poems. Her first verses were written when she was but eight years of age.Her book of poems has been published. Mrs. Oblad has many accomplishments including musicand painting. She is at work on a novel which possesses some unique features. One of her mostpopular songs is “Our Heroes Who Fought for Old Glory.” This song has enjoyed a good saleand considerable popularity. Other compositions are: “Dear Heart,” “I Loved You Long Ago,”“Rest, Darling, Rest,” “While I Was Daring to Love You,” “Come to Your Baby, Papa.” Amongher successful instrumental selections are “The Naval Battle of Santiago” and “Jolly Coons” (atwo-step.)

Fig 90: 31 yrs

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Emily May Pascoe: May was 28 when her father passed away. She was the last of thePascoe’s thirteen children. While she was born in Salt Lake City her exact birth year isuncertain but was probably in 1874. In 1895 she married 21 year old Ephraim Tobias Oblad,a younger brother of William Oblad, May’s brother in law. They were also married in theSalt Lake Temple. She and Eph had eight children, all born in Salt Lake City before movingto California. They were: Frederick James, 1896; Edna May, 1899; Geraldine Claudius,1902; Ephraim Lorenzo, 1904; Gertrude Mary, 1907; Violet Iola, 1911; Sidney Pascoe, 1915;and June Pascoe, 1918. May died in 1955 at the age of 81 in Venice, California. Shortly before May married,she was recorded in the 1896 Salt Lake Street Directory as boarding at 515 E. 5th South and working as a Clerkfor G. W. Shoes Co.

The following is a summary of Francis and Maria’s children, their spouses, and the total number of grandchildrenthat they:

1. Francis Adolphus Elizabeth Barfoot(Died) Evaline Davey (Div) Eva Crockwell 1 child2. Britannia Maria Joseph George Davis 4 children3. Henry Thomas Mary Lyon or Lyne (Div) Lillian Durnford 6 children4. Julia Clara Mr. Groves (Died) George Langdon 7 children5. Lorenzo James Not married ---------6. Eliza Louisa Henry Craig (?) Frank Shupp ---------7. Leah Sibella (C.) Isaac Olds (Died) Brown/Schultz/McCulland 3 children8. Edward Albert Alice Yearsley (Div) Margaret Field 10 children9. Bethulia Ann William Glassman (Div) James Reger 3 children10. William Richard Ann Tate (Div) Christine Giesseler 10 children11. Charles Anthony Died at age of three ---------12. Lavinia Gertrude William Oblad Sr. 4 children13. Emily May Ephraim Oblad 8 children

(Total grand children: 52 with 30 being born while Francis was alive; 44 grandchildren lived to adulthood)

Before closing this short biographical sketch of Francis and Maria’s children it would also be interesting to listthe various Salt Lake City Street Directory Listings for Francis and for his occupational listings. They are:

1869: Btwn 1 & 2 West, North Temple, 17th Ward Practical chemist and lime burner1874: Btwn 1 & 2 West, North Temple, 17th Ward Warm Springs Smelter1884: 206 W 1st North VP, Utah Lime & Cement Co.1885: 206 W 1st North Smellter, refiner, buys & sells ores, works at

Warm Springs, SLC, Stocton Tivoli Co,VP, Utah Lime & Cement

1888: 206 W 1st North Mineralogist1889: 360 W 2nd North (probably same as 206 1st North)1896: 515 E. 5th South Mining1897: 515 E. 5th South Mining & Smelting1898: 515 E. 5th South Mining1903: 1224 Lake SE Mining

Fig 91: 28 yrs

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Epilogue

It is hoped that this little history of these two great individuals will serve as a more permanent reminder of thegreat work and sacrifice they made to not only build a great Zion, but also to provide the love and support thatthis heritage brings to their now very large and extended family.

A quick review of their descendents, given in Appendix D, will suggest that those descendants of theirs, whohave now been identified, total well over 1200 individuals. Future listings could add substantially to this total.

It is important that we should never lose sight of Francis and Maria Pascoe’s motive in immigrating to Utah. InLondon 31 year old Francis was at the beginning of a very successful industrial career. Not only was he a wellrespected millionaire in his own right, but both he and Maria were positioned to make a difference in helping tosolve the difficult social and political problems of London in the 1860’s.

But the Fire of the Covenant which they made when they joined the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saintsin 1857 burned brightly within them. And they came to Zion with songs of joy in their heart, determined to dotheir part in building and industrializing the Zion prophesied by the ancient Prophets.

The question is often asked as to why such important individuals as Francis and Maria are not to be found inbooks regarding Utah pioneers. Bill Oblad Sr. notes that Francis had been approached by the authors of suchbooks requesting him to pay $50 per page of “write up.” He records Francis as saying: “Gentlemen, I will notpay you a cent for my ‘write up.’ If it is not good enough for you to take it per gratis after I have done what Ihave, and made sacrifices of money, health, and labor to make Salt Lake City and Utah, then leave it alone.” Itis gratifying however to find much of what they accomplished was documented in the newspapers of their timewith entries to these old newspapers conveniently now provided by the Utah Digital Newspapers web site.

William H. Oblad Sr reports that, in a last interview with his Father-in-law in 1903, Francis told him that maybehe made a mistake in immigrating to Utah, and maybe he did not. He told him that while he had made a lot ofmoney, and lost a lot, he felt good about having made a good many people happy and having started many in life.He regreted that after the crashes (of 1883 and 1893) he was not able to help his children as much as he wouldhave liked. However he felt good about having helped materially with the fundamental principles for which heand Maria came to Utah. He was looking forward to meeting both his Maker and his Eternal Companion Mariaon the other side. He passed away two weeks after this last interview.

What a great testimony and challenge for those of us fortunate to own our significant spiritual heritage becauseof these great pioneers. May we all live our lives so they will be proud of us when we meet them on the otherside of the veil.

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Figs 103-104: Francis J. P. Pascoe Jr., abt 50and Hilda Essen Pascoe, abt 46; taken abt 1922

Fig 102: Four Generations of Pascoe’s, 1900

Francis Adolphus, 50; FJP Pascoe Jr.,28; Hubert Leonard Pascoe, 2; FJP

Pascoe, 71

Francis James Polkinghorn Pascoe (Fig 92-97)

31 in 1860 45 in 1874 55 in 1884 60 in 1889 65 in 1894 71 in 1900

(depicted)

(depicted)

Margaret Maria Husbands Pascoe (Figs 98-101)

30 in 1860 45 in 1875 55 in 1885 60 in 1890Fig 101a: Maria’s Sister Harriet Husbands Bell abt 50 in 1882

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Fig 119:Edward Pascoe, 30 and Alice Yearsley, 28

abt 1893

Fig 120: Edward Albert Pascoe 40 in 1903

Figs 113-115: Leah Sibella Pascoe Olds 61 in 1922 42 in 1903 88 in 1947

Fig 116: Leah’s Home, Butte, Montana, 1903: Birdie Olds, 18; Leah, 42; Herbert Officer,1 1/2 Eugene Officer, 3; True Officer,

Figs 117-118: Bethulia (True) Pascoe Glassman Reger 19 in 1884 25 in 1890

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Fig 128:William Hans Oblad Sr.

31, 1902

Fig 129:Ephraim Tobias Oblad

28, 1902

Fig 130:Emily May PascoeOblad

18 yrs 1892

Fig 133: May’s Family Visits Bill Oblad, 1943L to R: Fred, 47; May, 69; Eph, 69; Bill, 72; Violet, 32; Violet May,13; Sylvia, 9;

Edna’s Friend, Edna, 44;

Fig 134: Oblad-Olds Salt Lake Reunion, 1946 Bill Oblad, 75; Eph Oblad, 72; Leah Pascoe Olds, 85; May Pascoe Oblad, 72

Fig 131: May Oblad Girls, 1941May, 67; Edna, 42; Evelyn, 20;

not identified, 2;

Fig 132: May Oblad Family, 1933Back: Edna, 34; Geraldine, 31; Sidney, 18; June, 15; Violet, 22;

Gertrude, 26Front: Fred, 37; May, 59; Eph, 59;

Lorenzo, 29

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Appendix B: Newspaper Clippings for Francis J. P. Pascoe and Family

Copy of Actual Clipping Content of Clipping

B-1: 1862 January 2, Deseret News

Lead: Mr. Pascoe at the Mountain Lead Works, in the Seventeenth ward, isproducing a good article, as all will pronounce it, on examination, whoknow a pure article from the adulterated white lead of commerce. Heexhibitied in or office, a few days since, a most excellent specimen noteasily excelled.

B-3: 1862 January 22, Millenial Star

Mr. Pascoe, at the Mountain Lead Works, in the Seventeenth Ward is producing agood article as all will pronounce it, on examination, who know a pure article from theadulterated white lead of commerce. He exhibited in our office a most excellent speci-men not easily excelled. With President Kimball’s oil mill and three or more whitelead manufacturing establishment in successful operation, the exterior as well as theinterior of many habitations throughout Deseret may be expected to present a morepleasing aspect before the close of the year eighteen sixty-two, than at the presenttime.

B-4: 1862 August 6, Deseret News

A first-rate article of white lead is extensively manufactured by M. Pascoe ofthis city, which is cheaper, more easily obtained, and better, the painters say,two to one, than the imported article.

MOUNTAIN LEAD WORKS,17th Ward, G. S. L. City, Utah

F. J. P. Pascoe respectfully informs the inhabitants of Utah that he has commenced theManufacture of White Lead, and expects, by strict attention to business andmanufactuing a superior article, free from adulteration, to merit the patronage of thoserequiring that article, also other articles which F. P. intends to manufacture, viz. RedLead, Litharge, Sheet, Pipe, etc., etc. Parties having lead by them, and wish to have itworked, would do well to send in their orders immediately. Old metals, tin, lead,pewter, zinc, brass, copper, etc. Oils, tallow, cash, etc., taken in payment.

B-2: 1862 January 8, Deseret News

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B-9: 1869 October 20, Deseret News, Awards of the Deseret Agricultural and Manufacturing Society

Paints--Specimen red ochre, white carbonate of lead;litharge. F. J. P. Pascoe, S. L. City, diploma.

B-10: 1870 November 23, Deseret News

CO-OPERATIVE IRON MANUFACTURING SOCIETYAccording to appointment a meeting was held of those interested in themanufacture of iron in this Territory, a few nights ago, in one of the rooms ofthe City Hall. Bishop Edward Hunter was called to the chair. A. G. Bensonwas chosen Secretary; and the subject received a thorough discussion.Many persons were present whose practical knowledge of the subject ofmanurfacturing iron enabled them to speak with some degree of under-standing. It needed no argument to show the importance of manufacture ofiron in our midst; for every man of reflection saw its importance. Thechairman proposed that samples of the different ores obtainable in thisTerritory should be collected, and experiments made with them, and a co-operative iron manufacturing institution be started. A committee of five wasappointed to take the necessary steps to investigate this subject and toproceed to the organization of a company. Their names were: James Dick,James Lawson, F. J. P. Pascoe, Elias Morris, and T. O. Davis.

B-11: 1870 December 27, Deseret News

Museum & Menagerie, December 19, 1870 Editor Deseret News, Dear Sir:--As I know that you in connection withevery well-wisher in Zion, will be glad to hear of any success in HomeManufactures, I beg leave to lay before you a specimen of bullion, pre-sented to this Institution as the first made from the “Buckhorn,” Ophir Dis-trict. I do so the more cheerfully because I can form some idea of the greatdifficulties our Brethren labor under in manipulating our ores, and, when Ireflect on the fact that a large amount of labor may be profitably employedamong us that is supplied to other places, I feel that this subject is worthy ofattention, more particularly as an impression is abroad (or at all events athome, among a few who, either willingly, or ignorantly, conceal the truth)that we, as a people take no interest in our mines or metals. Sir, there areevidences in the cabinets of this institution to the contrary. For many years,long before prospectors came amongst us, minerals were reduced here; therewere men among us who labored diligently to develop our mineral resourcesand successfully too, to a limited extent. There are difficulties which every practical man is acquainted with ingetting together material for reducing metals profitably. Mr. Pascoe has atgreat expense, erected a suitable building for the common operations of sam-pling, smelting, and refining; this specimen gives evidence that metal is re-duced by him with skill from our ores, and that he possesses the ability toseparate and refine our ores, will be evident to those who inspect some ofthe silver cupelled by him at his works, near the Warm Springs.

With great respect I remain, Dear Sir,Yours respectfully,

Jos. L. Barfoot

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B-19: 1877 May 1, Salt Lake Tribune

THE WATTERMAN SMELTERseems to be just getting fairly to running. A new foreman was put in charge early inApril, and with one furance is now making a ton of bullion from two tons of HiddenTreasure ore. This one stack is an old, patched up concern, and occasionally gets off onthe wrong foot, but it is taking twenty tons of ore every day, and is turning out ten tonsof bullion worth nearly $300 per ton. Eighteen men do the work, but when the newwater-jacket furnace which is now being erected is completed, the force will be increasedto thirty-one men, and the product doubled.

B-16: 1877 February 28, Deseret News

The committee to whom was referred the petition of F. J. P. Pascoe, asking the city to deed tohim, in fee simple, a certain designated piece of land, north-east of the Warm Springs, rec-ommended that the prayer be not gtranted, on account of a road passing through the saidland and leading to certain quarries which road the committee deemed it expedient shouldbe kept open. The committee also recommended, however, that he be allowed the priviledgeof quarrying limestone from the land in question, and that he pay thereof a yearly rental of$5. Adopted.