ANCIENT EGYPT One of the first great civilizations
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Introduccin en espaol By Laura
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Union of Two Crowns Red Crown Upper Egypt White Crown Lower
Egypt Menes (3000 BC) He dethroned the king of Lower Egypt He
unified both Crowns Unification To join separate parts into one
whole
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Timeline Old Kingdom 3000 BC 2050 BC Middle Kingdom2050 BC 1700
BC New Kingdom1550 BC 1085 BC Lower Kingdom1085 BC - 31 BC
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History Old Kingdom: Egyptians built the pyramids of Giza.
Capital: Menfis. Middle Kingdom: there was a territorial expansion.
Capital: Tebas. New Kingdom: invasion of the Hicsos. There were
great pharaohs such as Ramses II. Lower kingdom: period of decline.
Invasions by: The Asiryans, The Persians, The Greeks until Egypt
became a Roman province after Cleopatra.
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Geographical localization Egypt is located in northeastern
Africa The Nile River runs along the country from the south to the
north The Nile has its source in the mountains of Central Africa
and flows into the Mediterranean Sea The climate is hot and dry,
influenced by the Sahara Desert
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Geography Ancient Egypt was divided into two regions: Upper and
Lower Egypt Lower (northern) Egypt consisted of the Nile River's
delta, made by the river as it flows into the Mediterranean. Upper
Egypt was the long, narrow strip of ancient Egypt located south of
the Delta.
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Egypts Economy The Pharaoh was at the center of the economy
Based upon Agriculture The Pharaoh collected taxes on the crops and
goods Goods were bartered (traded for other necessary goods)
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Life in Ancient Egypt Life centered around the Nile river
Yearly floods brought nutrients to the soil The river was a main
route of travel and commerce
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Nile Delta It has 240 km of coastline and is 106 km long Rich
agricultural region The most fertile soil in Africa
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Floodplain The low strip of fertile land located on either side
of the Nile River The river flooded annually (once a year) When the
flood finished, it left the earth soaked and fertilized Most of the
farming occurred here
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Floodplain
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Limited on the south, east and west by the Sahara Desert, and
on the north by the Mediterranean Sea, ancient Egypt was protected
from outside influences.
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Social Pyramid of Egypt
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HIGH PRIESTS AND PRIESTESSES Served gods and goddesses PHARAOH
Supreme leader; considered a god NOBLES Fought in wars MERCHANTS,
SCRIBES, AND ARTISANS Made furniture, jewelry, and fabrics for
pharaohs and nobles PEASANT FARMERS, SERVANTS AND SLAVES Worked in
the fields and served the pharaoh Social Classes 2 Upper Class
Middle Class Lower Class Unskilled
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A System of Writing Hieroglyphics Used to keep records Scribes
were record keepers were the first Accountants Papyrus Paper made
from plants Rosetta Stone Transcribed Hieroglyphics, Greek, and
Demotic
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Writing Making paper from papyrus
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What is hieroglyphics? Hieroglyphics is the pictorial writing
used in ancient Egypt. The word hieroglyphics is made up of two
Greek words - hieros, which means sacred, and glyphe, which means
carving. The Egyptian hieroglyphic writing system consists of
several hundred pictorial signs. The signs can be divided into two
classes, phonograms and ideograms
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Phonograms represent sounds, the same as alphabet letters do.
Ideograms are signs that represent whole words or concepts.
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Egyptian Religion Polytheism About 2000 gods & goddesses
Death and Funerals Three souls ka, ba, and akh They believed in
life after death Embalming Burial Tombs (Pyramids, mastabas)
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Religion They believed that many gods and goddesses ruled the
world and the afterlife gods and goddesses The most important gods
were: Amon-Ra: god of the sun Osiris: god of the underworld and of
the Nile The pharaoh was believed to be a god as well as a leader
Falcon Headed Sun God
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Egyptian gods RA: god of the sun SET: god of evil BASTET:
goddess of war HATHOR: goddess of love HORUS: father of the kings
ANUBIS: protector of the dead OSIRIS: god of fertility ISIS: mother
of the gods
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Religion They believed in eternal life after death. In their
funerals they used the Book of the Dead to help them through the
afterworld. They practised mummification: the preservation of the
body for use in the next life.
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Egyptian Art
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Characteristics Art directed by priests and the Pharaoh
Anonymous artists No landscapes nor perspective Front-facing bodies
A sense of eternity
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Building the Pyramids Built as tombs for the Pharaohs Afterlife
They contained everything the Paraoh needed Khufus (Cheops) pyramid
Total number of blocks 2,300,000 One blocks average weight 2.5 tons
Number of blocks added each day 285
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Pyramids
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P Y R A M I D Kings chamber Queens chamber Hall Entrance Pit
Subterranean chamber Weight relief chambers