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Anatomy and Anatomy and Physiology for Physiology for
Emergency CareEmergency CareChapter 11Chapter 11
The Endocrine SystemThe Endocrine System
ObjectivesObjectives
Compare the similarities between the Compare the similarities between the endocrine and nervous systemsendocrine and nervous systems
Compare the major chemical classes of Compare the major chemical classes of hormoneshormones
Explain the general mechanisms of Explain the general mechanisms of hormonal actionhormonal action
Describe how endocrine organs are Describe how endocrine organs are controlledcontrolled
ObjectivesObjectives
Discuss the location, hormones, and Discuss the location, hormones, and functions of the following glands and functions of the following glands and tissues: pituitary, thyroid, parathyroids, tissues: pituitary, thyroid, parathyroids, thymus, adrenals, kidneys, heart, thymus, adrenals, kidneys, heart, pancreas, testes, ovaries, and pineal pancreas, testes, ovaries, and pineal glandgland
Explain how hormones interact to produce Explain how hormones interact to produce coordinated physiological responsescoordinated physiological responses
ObjectivesObjectives
Identify the hormones that are especially Identify the hormones that are especially important to normal growth, and discuss their important to normal growth, and discuss their rolesroles
Explain how the endocrine system responds to Explain how the endocrine system responds to stressstress
Discuss the results of abnormal hormone Discuss the results of abnormal hormone productionproduction
Discuss the functional relationships between the Discuss the functional relationships between the endocrine system and other body systemsendocrine system and other body systems
An Overview of the Endocrine An Overview of the Endocrine SystemSystem
An Overview of the Endocrine An Overview of the Endocrine SystemSystem
Structure of Structure of HormonesHormones Hormones and the Cell Hormones and the Cell
MembraneMembrane Hormones and Hormones and
Intracellular ReceptorsIntracellular Receptors
An Overview of the Endocrine An Overview of the Endocrine SystemSystem
Control of Endocrine Control of Endocrine ActivityActivity Direct Negative Direct Negative
Feedback ControlFeedback Control Hypothalamus and Hypothalamus and
Endocrine RegulationEndocrine Regulation
The Pituitary GlandThe Pituitary Gland
Anterior Pituitary GlandAnterior Pituitary Gland Hypophyseal Portal SystemHypophyseal Portal System Hypothalamic Control of the Anterior PituitaryHypothalamic Control of the Anterior Pituitary Hormones of the Anterior PituitaryHormones of the Anterior Pituitary
TSHTSH ACTHACTH FSHFSH LHLH PRLPRL GHGH MSHMSH
Anatomy and Orientation of the Anatomy and Orientation of the Pituitary GlandPituitary Gland
Hypophyseal Portal SystemHypophyseal Portal System
Feedback and Control of Feedback and Control of Endocrine SecretionsEndocrine Secretions
The Pituitary GlandThe Pituitary Gland
The Posterior Pituitary GlandThe Posterior Pituitary Gland ADHADH OxytocinOxytocin
Pituitary Hormones and their Pituitary Hormones and their TargetsTargets
The Thyroid GlandThe Thyroid Gland
Thyroid Follicles and Thyroid Follicles and Thyroid HormonesThyroid Hormones
The C Cells of the The C Cells of the Thyroid Gland: Thyroid Gland: CalcitoninCalcitonin
Homeostatic Regulation of Homeostatic Regulation of Calcium Ion ConcentrationsCalcium Ion Concentrations
The Parathyroid GlandsThe Parathyroid Glands
PTHPTH
The ThymusThe Thymus
Relatively enormous in newbornsRelatively enormous in newborns Reaches maximum size just before Reaches maximum size just before
pubertypuberty ThymosinsThymosins
Key role in development and maintenance of Key role in development and maintenance of normal immunological defensesnormal immunological defenses
The Adrenal GlandsThe Adrenal Glands
The Adrenal CortexThe Adrenal Cortex CorticosteroidsCorticosteroids MineralcorticoidsMineralcorticoids AndrogensAndrogens
The Adrenal The Adrenal MedullaMedulla
The KidneysThe Kidneys
CalcitriolCalcitriol ErythropoietinErythropoietin ReninRenin
The HeartThe Heart
Cardiac muscle cells in right atriumCardiac muscle cells in right atrium Atrial natriuetic peptide (ANP)Atrial natriuetic peptide (ANP)
Endocrine Tissues of the Endocrine Tissues of the Digestive SystemDigestive System
The PancreasThe Pancreas Regulation of Blood Regulation of Blood
Glucose Glucose ConcentrationsConcentrations
Regulation of Blood Glucose Regulation of Blood Glucose ConcentrationsConcentrations
Endocrine Tissues of the Endocrine Tissues of the Reproductive SystemReproductive System
The TestesThe Testes Interstitial cellsInterstitial cells
AndrogensAndrogens TestosteroneTestosterone
Sustentacular cellsSustentacular cells The OvariesThe Ovaries
FolliclesFollicles EstrogensEstrogens
Corpus luteumCorpus luteum ProgesteroneProgesterone
The Pineal GlandThe Pineal Gland
MelatoninMelatonin Slows the timing of sexual maturitySlows the timing of sexual maturity Acts as an antioxidantActs as an antioxidant Establishes day-night cycles of activityEstablishes day-night cycles of activity
Patterns of Hormonal InteractionPatterns of Hormonal Interaction
Hormones and GrowthHormones and Growth Growth hormonesGrowth hormones Thyroid hormonesThyroid hormones InsulinInsulin Parathyroid hormoneParathyroid hormone Gonadal hormonesGonadal hormones
Hormones and BehaviorHormones and Behavior Hormones and AgingHormones and Aging
General Adaptation SyndromeGeneral Adaptation Syndrome
Integration with other Integration with other SystemsSystems
Summary Summary
Emergency Care Emergency Care ApplicationsApplications
Chapter 11Chapter 11
Overview of the Many Facets of Overview of the Many Facets of Endocrine Systems DisordersEndocrine Systems Disorders
Diabetes MellitusDiabetes Mellitus
Type I Diabetes MellitusType I Diabetes Mellitus Type II Diabetes MellitusType II Diabetes Mellitus Emergency Complications of DiabetesEmergency Complications of Diabetes
Hypoglycemia (Insulin Shock)Hypoglycemia (Insulin Shock) Diabetic Ketoacidosis (Diabetic Coma)Diabetic Ketoacidosis (Diabetic Coma) Nonketotic Hyperosmolar ComaNonketotic Hyperosmolar Coma
Intravenous Glucose Intravenous Glucose AdministrationAdministration
Disorders of the Thyroid Disorders of the Thyroid GlandGland
Grave’s DiseaseGrave’s Disease Thyrotoxic Crisis Thyrotoxic Crisis
(Thyroid Storm)(Thyroid Storm) Hypothyroidism and Hypothyroidism and
MyxedemaMyxedema
Disorders of the Thyroid Disorders of the Thyroid GlandGland
Disorders of the Adrenal Disorders of the Adrenal GlandsGlands
Hyperadrenalism Hyperadrenalism (Cushing’s (Cushing’s Syndrome)Syndrome)
Adrenal Insufficiency Adrenal Insufficiency (Addison’s Disease)(Addison’s Disease)
SummarySummary