Anatomical term

Anatomical structure of system

Objectives

• Name and locate the anatomical structures of the urinary system, the female reproductive system and the adrenal glands.

• Use medical terminology to describe conditions and procedures related to these organs and systems.

Urinary System

• The organs of the urinary system are the kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra.

• The urinary system removes soluble nitrogen west from the bloodstream and excretes it as urine.

• Identify the parts of the urinary system and learn the roots that refer to them in medical terms and the meaning of the terms.

Body part Root and combining vowel

Definition

Kidney Nephr(o)-, ren(o) Organs that process urine

Renal pelvis Pyel(o) Collecting basin for urine from the collecting ducts of the kidney.

Ureters Ureter(o) A duct through which urine is carried from the renal pelvis to the bladder.

Urinary bladder

Cyst(o) Expandable sac that stores urine before it’s eliminated by urination.

Prostate Prostat(o) A gland in the male urinary tract. Inflammation of the prostate gland commonly causes obstruction of urine flow.

Urethra Urethr(o) The outlet for urine flow. Because the urethra is much shorter in females, they are more susceptible to urinary tract infections (UTI).

Urinary system

(Nephr(o), ren(o))

(Ureter(o))

(Urethr(o))

Renal pelvis(Pyel(o))

Cyst(o)

Adrenal glands

Adrenal glands

• The adrenal glands, a part of the endocrine system, secrete a group of hormones that profoundly influence all body systems.

• The anatomical placement of the adrenal glands are sometimes called the suprarenal glands, and the term adrenal it’s component parts Ad/renal – means toward the kidney.

Disorders, and procedures• Pyelonephritis is an inflammation of the kidneys

and renal pelvis. Associated with formation of small abscess in the renal pelvis.

Treatment consists of antibiotics and surgical correction of any obstruction to urine flow.

• Urine retention results from blockage of urine flow from the bladder.

• Urinary incontinence is the inability to control urine flow from the bladder.

Disorders, and proceduresCysTOScopy Visual examination of the urinary bladder

UreTHRItis Inflammation of the urethra

UreterItis Inflammation of the ureter

PyeLItis Inflammation of the renal pelvis or kidney basin

UreTHROStomy Forming a new opening in the urethra

UreterolithOTomy Surgical incision into the ureter to remove a calculus or stone.

CYSTocele Herniation of the urinary bladder

UreterocysTOStomy

Forming a new opening in the urinary bladder and ureter

Female reproductive system

• The female reproductive system consists of organs that produce ova and female sex cells and provide for the growth of the embryo.

• Identify the major parts of the female reproductive system and learn the roots used to describe them.

Major parts of the female reproductive system

Body part Root and combining vowelFallopian tube Salping(o)Ovary Oophor(o), Ovary(o) Uterus Hyster(o), Metr(o)Vagina Colp(o)

Descriptive prefixes

ambi- bothanis(o)- unequaleu- good or normaliso- equalmacr(o)- largemon(o)- onemulti- many, muchscler(o)- hard

Prefix Meaning

Anatomical terms• AmbiOpia – double vision.• AnisocyTOsis – inequality of the size of cells, especially

erythrocytes.• EuPEPsia is the opposite of dyspepsia – good or

normal degestion.• MacroSCOPic is the opposite of microscopic – seen

with the naked eye.• MONocyte is the largest of the leukocytes – leukocyte

having one nuclei.• MultiNUclear is several types of white blood cells are

– having many nuclei.• ScleroDERma is a chronic collagen disease - hardening

of the skin.

Anatomical terms

• CheiLOTomy – surgical incision into the lip.• InterCOStal – between the ribs.• DacTYLogram- fingerprint.• HemaTOLogy- study of blood.• HepaTItis – inflammation of the liver.• LapaROTomy – surgical incision into the abdominal wall.• LiPOma – fatty tumor• NarCOsis – condition of being unconscious.

• StenoCARdia – narrow vessels of the heart.

Descriptive prefixesSuffix Meaning

-centesis Surgical puncture

-emesis vomiting

-emia blood

-lysis Destruction, break down, separation

-malacia softening

-penia Decrease deficiency, lack of

plegia paralysis

ptosis prolaps

tripsy Surgical crushinguria urine

Female reproductive systemCoIPItis Inflammation of the vagina

Salpingo-oophoRECtomy Surgical excision of an ovary and a fallopian tube

OvariECtomy Surgical excision of an ovary

HysterECtomy Surgical excision of uterus

SalpinGItis Inflammation of the fallopian tube

VaginItis Inflammation of the vagina

BiLATeral salpinGECtomy

Surgical excision of both fallopian tube

Anatomical terms• ThoracenTEsis – surgical puncture of the thoracic

cavity.• HyperEMesis – excessive vomiting.• LeuKEmia – cancer of the white blood cells.• HeMOLysis (Snake venoms may cause ) – destruction

of the blood cells.• OsteomalAcia – softning of bone.• LeukocytoPEnia – deficiency of the white blood cells.• HemiPLEgia – paralysis on the left or right side of the

body. • PolyUria – excessive urination.

Anatomical terms• Cheilitis – inflammation of the lips.• Lipoma – fatty tumor.• Narcotic – drug used to reduce pain and induce sleep.• Eupnea – good or normal breathing. • Ophthalmoplegia – paralysis of the eye muscles.• Monomyositis – inflammation of one musle.• Stenostomia – narroe mouth.• Arteriosclerosis – hardining of the arteries.• Leukocytopenia – lack of white blood cells.• Encephalomalacia – softning 0f the tissus of the brain.• Gastrocentesis - surgical puncture into the stomach. • Hemiplegia – paralysis on the left or right side of the body.