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8/11/2019 Anatomi 3 - Cardiovascular System
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Dr. I Gusti Ayu Widianti, M.Biomed
ANATOMY DEPARTMENT
UDAYANA UNIVERSITY
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Scientist / ilmuwan:Lifelong study Internet internationalcommunication
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Leading causes of death
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Heart disease Malignant neoplasms
Cerebrovascular diseases,
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Pneumonia and influenza
Accidents
Diabetes mellitus Suicide, nephritis, chronic liver disease, etc
etcNational Health Statistics, 1999
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Major disorders
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The heart: Coronary artery disease
ischemic heart disease
myocardial infarction
The blood vessels: atherosclerosis
hypertension
varicose vein
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GENETIC PREDISPOSITION
EXCESSIVE CHOLESTEROL
SEDENTARY LIFE
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LARGE QUANTITIES OF CHOLESTEROL
DEPOSITED BENEATH THE ENDOTHELIUM AT
MANY POINTS IN ARTERIES
INVADED BY FIBROUS TISSUE AND
FREQUENTLY CALCIFIED
NET RESULT IS DEVELOPMENT OF
ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES
BLOCK OR PARTIALLY BLOCK BLOOD FLOW
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Weight reduction
Dietary sodium
Rich in vegetables & fruits
Physical activities
Stop smokingModeration alcohol
consumption
LIFE STYLE CHANGES
http://images.google.co.id/imgres?imgurl=http://www.jeffhayes.com/art/images/salt_shaker.jpg&imgrefurl=http://dailypaintings.wordpress.com/2006/01/16/fresh-paint-salt-shaker/&h=500&w=384&sz=31&hl=en&start=9&usg=__-fciJPnVKmqVWOdx6FAbLCXZ-HU=&tbnid=gAmPE1elToIXPM:&tbnh=130&tbnw=100&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dsalt%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dvss%26sa%3DG8/11/2019 Anatomi 3 - Cardiovascular System
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Circulatory System
1.Cardiovascular system
The heart (cor) System of blood vessel
2. System of lymphatics
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The site of exchange
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Capillary Capillary
Cell
Arteriole Venule
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Stroke volume: 70 ml
5 liter/minute
7,200 liters/day
216,000 liters/month
2,628,000 liters/year
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Two major components:
The heart and system of blood vessels
Major functions: Transport of oxygen and nutrients
Transport of CO2and waste products
Two major divisions
Major or systemic circulation
Lesser or pulmonary circulation
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Oxygenated blood(O2 & nutrients)
Deoxygenated blood(CO2 & waste products)
Systemic circulation
Pulmonary
circulationOxygenated bloodDeoxygenated blood
RV LA
RA LV
RA=right atrium, LA=left atrium, RV=right ventricle, LV=leftventricle
Lungs
Heart
Whole body
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Heart
Veins Arteries
15mmHgVenules
Arterioles 60 mmHg
Capillaries35 mmHg
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Circulation
Venules=very small veins; arterioles=very small arteries
Aorta120mmHg
Vena cava
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OVERVIEW OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
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PULMONARY
CIRCULATION
SYSTEMIC
CIRCULATION
VALVE
VEIN
LYMPH NODE
LYMPH
CAPILLARIES
HEART
THORACICUS
DUCT
CAPILLARIES
ARTERIES
LYMPH NODE
LYMPH
CAPILLARIES
20 l / day
BLOOD
7200 l
/day
LYMPH
BLOOD
CAPILLARIES
3 l / day
17 l /day
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The Heart
A four-chamber, powerful, muscular pump
Divided into two halves: left heart & rightheart.
Left heart: left atrium & left ventricleReceives oxygenated blood (arterial
blood) from the lungsDistributes it to the whole body.
Right heart: right atrium & right ventricleReceives deoxygenated blood (venous
blood) from the whole body, sends it to thelungs.
The walls of the left ventricle is the thickest.
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Boundaries:left and right pleural cavities,diaphragm,anterior and posterior leaves of fibrouspericardium, and
superior aspect of the left and right pulmonaryarteries
Contents:Heart and pericardium
Roots of the great vesselsArch of azygos veinMain bronchi
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Double-walled fibroserous sac, encloses the
heart and the roots of its great vessels
Pericardial cavity:
The potential space between the opposing
layers of the parietal and visceral of serous
pericardium
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The wall consist of three layers:
Epicardium
Myocardium
Endocardium
The fibrous skeleton of the heart
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A special system for generating rhytmicalelectrical impuls to cause rhytmical contractionof the heart muscle and conducting theseimpulses rapidly through the heart
Allow all portions of the ventricles to contractsimultaneously which essential for mosteffective pressure generation in the ventricularchamber
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A-V node (atrioventricularnode)
Conduction through the atrial wall
Sinoatrial node (sinus node)
A-V bundle (bundle of His)
Right & left branches
Purkinje fibers
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PACE-MAKER
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A GROUP OF CELLS AS S-A NODE THAT SERVES
TO ESTABLISH AND MAINTAINING ARHYTHMIC ACTIVITY
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Number of heart beats per minute Classification of heart rate
Normal heart rate; 60 100/minute
Bradycardia: 60 beats per minuteTachycardia: 100 beats per minute
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THE FUNCTIONS OF LYMPHATICS
DRAINAGE OF TISSUE FLUID, COLLECTION OF
LYMPH PLASMA AND TRANSPORT OF LYMPH
TO THE VENOUS SYSTEM
ABSORPTION AND TRANSPORT OF FAT FROM
THE INTESTINE.
FORMATION OF A DEFENCE MECHANISM
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Right lymphatic duct (ductus lymphaticusdexter):The right halves of head, neck and thorax,and the right upper limb
The thoracic duct (ductus lymphaticussinister):The remainder of the body
Both duct eventually open into the
corresponding subclavian veins (venousangles)
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Lymphatic plexuses (lymphatic capillary)
Lymphatics vessels
Lymph nodes
Lymphocytes Lymphoid tissue
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Vascularization of head
and neck.
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