Analysis of Sustainable Transport Use by Information Services K. Nakazawa, H. Ueda, T. Hashitani Fujitsu Limited H. Tsurumi, M. Takaoka Rikkyo University

Analysis of Sustainable Transport Use Analysis of Sustainable Transport Use by Information Servicesby Information Services

K. Nakazawa, H. Ueda, T. HashitaniFujitsu LimitedFujitsu Limited

H. Tsurumi, M. TakaokaRikkyo UniversityRikkyo University

The 2nd International Conference on Sustainability Engineering and Science

February 20th-23th, 2007 Faculty of Engineering, The University of Auckland

All Rights Reserved, Copyright FUJITSU LIMITED 20072

Background: CO2 emission in JapanBackground: CO2 emission in Japan

CO2 emission from each sector in Japan and CO2 emission from CO2 emission from each sector in Japan and CO2 emission from each type of transport in the transport sector.each type of transport in the transport sector.

Inconvenient due to insufficient transport information!Inconvenient due to insufficient transport information!

Truck forBusiness16.2%

Truck forPrivate 18.5%

Private carPrivate car49.4%49.4%

Ship5.3%

Air4.2%

Train2.9%Bus1.8%

Taxi 1.8%

Commercial& Other Sector

16%

Industrial Sector37%

TransportTransportSectorSector

21%21%

ResidentialSector13%

EnergyIndustrySector 7%

IndustrialProcesses 4%

Waste 2%

1,259 million-t CO2 emission

Use of private cars → → Sustainable transport useSustainable transport use


ObjectiveObjective

1.1. Selection of an information Selection of an information device and a methoddevice and a method for providing for providing environmental informationenvironmental information

2.2. Analysis of the importance of Analysis of the importance of environmental informationenvironmental information provided to transport usersprovided to transport users

3.3. Demonstration experimentDemonstration experiment providing environmental providing environmental information via mobile phonesinformation via mobile phones

Web-based Web-based

questionnairesquestionnaires related to information related to information

servicesservices

Conjoint analysisConjoint analysisfrom questionnaire answers from questionnaire answers

at an event hallat an event hall

Between a terminal Between a terminal station and an event station and an event

hall in Tokyohall in Tokyo

To shift transport users to sustainable transport


Device and method to provide informationDevice and method to provide information

Number of respondents and age groups.Number of respondents and age groups.

Total Male Female Total Male Female

Age 1,089 538 551 100 100 100

Teens 31 16 15 2.8 3.0 2.7

Twenties 248 93 155 22.8 17.3 28.1

Thirties 427 189 238 39.2 35.1 43.2

Forties 261 153 108 24.0 28.4 19.6

Fifties 90 59 31 8.3 11.0 5.6

Sixties 32 28 4 2.9 5.2 0.7

Respondent's number Component ratio

Selection of an information device and a method for providing 　 environmental information

Web-based questionnaireWeb-based questionnaireQ. Q. How do you usually use mobile devices to receive informationHow do you usually use mobile devices to receive information　　　　 and decide a transport route?and decide a transport route?


Type of mobile devices for Type of mobile devices for receiving information.receiving information.

Type of methods in deciding Type of methods in deciding a transport route.a transport route.

Web-based questionnaire: resultsWeb-based questionnaire: results

Providing environmental information using a transport route guidance Providing environmental information using a transport route guidance system via mobile phone would be more effective!system via mobile phone would be more effective!

18.8%

4.0%

74.4%

19.0%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80%

Laptopcomputer

PDA

Mobilephone

Don’t havemobiledevices

15.7%

4.5%

15.3%

0.5%

54.7%

2.7%

6.1%

0.6%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%

Already known

Using commuter ticket

Using pamphlet & map

Using telephone & fax

Transport routeguidance system

Advice from persons

Private car only

Others


Selection of place and data collectionSelection of place and data collection

Conditions of demonstration experimentConditions of demonstration experiment

1. Destination visited for leisure, because users were not expected to change the transport route to the

commuting route.

2. A site that has more competing forms of transport, so that the influence of providing information related to different transport routes could be examined.

Selection of a place (transport route) 　 and collect related to data in a demonstration experiment


Place for demonstration experimentPlace for demonstration experiment

【 Route 1 】

Train A (JR line) → Train B (Rinkai line)

【 Route 2 】

New transport system (Yurikamome line)

【 Route 3 】

Monorail (Tokyo monorail) → Train B

【 Route 4 】

Marine transport system (Water bus)

【 Route 5 】

City bus (Toei bus)

【 Route 6 】

Taxi http://www.bigsight.jp/english/access/

index.html

Terminal station Terminal station (Hamamatsucho station )(Hamamatsucho station )

Event hall Event hall (Tokyo Big Sight)(Tokyo Big Sight)



【 Route 1 】


【 Route 2 】


【 Route 3 】


【 Route 4 】


【 Route 5 】

City bus (Toei bus)

【 Route 6 】


index.html





【 Route 1 】


【 Route 2 】


【 Route 3 】


【 Route 4 】


【 Route 5 】

City bus (Toei bus)

【 Route 6 】


index.html





【 Route 1 】


【 Route 2 】


【 Route 3 】


【 Route 4 】


【 Route 5 】

City bus (Toei bus)

【 Route 6 】


index.html





【 Route 1 】


【 Route 2 】


【 Route 3 】


【 Route 4 】


【 Route 5 】

City bus (Toei bus)

【 Route 6 】


index.html





【 Route 1 】


【 Route 2 】


【 Route 3 】


【 Route 4 】


【 Route 5 】

City bus (Toei bus)

【 Route 6 】


index.html





【 Route 1 】


【 Route 2 】


【 Route 3 】


【 Route 4 】


【 Route 5 】

City bus (Toei bus)

【 Route 6 】


index.html




Data collection for six transport routesData collection for six transport routes

Duration, fare, and CO2 emission for six kinds of transport routes.Duration, fare, and CO2 emission for six kinds of transport routes.

Environmental impact caused by CO2 emission in transport sector is the most important factor!

＊ 1 NZD 85 Yen≒

Duration (min) Fare (Yen) CO2 emission (g)

Route 1 Train A → Train B 34 470 245Route 2 New transport system 35 370 262Route 3 Monorail → Train B 28 450 181Route 4 Marine transport system 37 400 383Route 5 City bus 39 200 780Route 6 Taxi 19 2,500 2,310

Environmental informationEnvironmental information

→ CO2 emission per a passenger of each transport routeCO2 emission per a passenger of each transport route


Conjoint analysis is a survey method that projects consumer actions concerning tangible specifications of products by having them evaluate a specific product profile.

Analysis of transport informationAnalysis of transport information

Number of respondents / age Number of respondents / age groups.groups. Attributes and levels in conjoint analysis.Attributes and levels in conjoint analysis.

Attribute

Duration 20 min 30 min 40 min

Fare ¥200 ¥350 ¥500

CO2 emission 400g 800g －

Levels

Analysis of the importance of environmental information　 provided to transport users

Conjoint analysisConjoint analysis

Questionnaires at an event hallQuestionnaires at an event hall

Age Male Female

Twenties 61 55

Thirties 62 53

Forties 83 37

Fifties 83 20

Sixties 25 16

Total 495


Procedure of conjoint analysisProcedure of conjoint analysisProcedure of conjoint analysisProcedure of conjoint analysis

Duration ３０ min Duration ２０ min Duration ４０ min Duration ３０ min

Fare ２００ Yen Fare ３５０ Yen Fare ５００ Yen Fare ３５０ Yen

CO2 emission ８００ g CO2 emission ８００ g CO2 emission ８００ g CO2 emission ４００ g

Duration ４０ min Duration ２０ min Duration ３０ min Duration ２０ min

Fare ２００ Yen Fare ５００ Yen Fare ５００ Yen Fare ２００ Yen

CO2 emission ４００ g CO2 emission ４００ g CO2 emission ４００ g CO2 emission ４００ g

Duration ４０ min Duration ４０ min Duration ４０ min Duration ２０ min

Fare ３５０ Yen Fare ３５０ Yen Fare ５００ Yen Fare ３５０ Yen

CO2 emission ４００ g CO2 emission ８００ g CO2 emission ４００ g CO2 emission ４００ g

12 types of cards based on the design of the experiment method.12 types of cards based on the design of the experiment method.

Respondents:Respondents: Arranging 12 cards into a desirable transport route

Questionnaire answer:Questionnaire answer: Analysis by using a conjoint analysis software


Conjoint analysis: resultsConjoint analysis: resultsConjoint analysis: resultsConjoint analysis: results

Utility at each level and Utility at each level and importance of each attribute.importance of each attribute.

Importance of transport information in selecting Importance of transport information in selecting transport routes for different age groups.transport routes for different age groups.

・・ Importance of environmental information rose with older Importance of environmental information rose with older respondents.respondents.・・ Females tended to select sustainable transport by providing Females tended to select sustainable transport by providing environmental information rather than males.environmental information rather than males.

Attribute Level Utility Importance

20 min 1.45

30 min 0.14

40 min -1.59

¥200 1.54

¥350 0.11

¥500 -1.65

400g 0.52

800g -0.52

Duration

Fare

Environment

41.0%

40.3%

18.7%

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Twentie

s

Thirties

Fortie

s

Fifties

Sixties

Imp

orta

nce

(%)

DurationFareMale：EnvironmentFemale：Environment


Development of software for mobile phonesDevelopment of software for mobile phonesDevelopment of software for mobile phonesDevelopment of software for mobile phones

The guidance system can provide transport information about the duration, fare and amount of CO2 emission!

Development of transport route guidance system for mobile phones


Display images of environmental informationDisplay images of environmental informationDisplay images of environmental informationDisplay images of environmental information

Route 1＜＞Trai n A→ Trai n BHH: MM → HH: MMMM mi n \ 470CO2: 245g

Route 2＜＞New transport systemHH: MM → HH: MMMM mi n \ 370CO2: 262g

Route 3＜＞Monorai l→ Trai n BHH: MM → HH: MMMM mi n \ 450CO2:181g

Route 4＜＞Mari ne transport systemHH: MM → HH: MMMM mi n \ 400CO2: 383g

Route 5＜＞Ci ty busHH: MM → HH: MMMM mi n \ 200CO2: 780g

Route 6＜＞TaxiHH: MM → HH: MMMM mi n \ 2, 500CO2: 2, 310g

The system can display an illustration corresponding to the amount of CO2 emission caused by transport routes!


Demonstration experimentDemonstration experimentDemonstration experimentDemonstration experiment

Transport informationTransport informationvia mobile phonevia mobile phone・ Duration ・Fare

・ CO2 emission

Bus

Taxi

Event hall (Tokyo Big Sight)

Train

Select a desirable

transport routeTransport route guidance system

Water bus

Demonstration experiment to provide transport information via mobile phones to actual transport users


Procedure of demonstration Procedure of demonstration experimentexperiment

Procedure of demonstration Procedure of demonstration experimentexperiment

1.The respondents gathered in a meeting room, and we explained how the transport route guidance system works.

2.The respondents operated the transport route guidance system and decided a transport route.

3.The respondents actually traveled from the terminal station to the event hall.

4. After the respondents arrived at the event hall, they answered questionnaires.


6.0%

33.0%

9.0%

15.0%

37.0%

0.0%

0 10 20 30 40 50

26.0%

42.0%

15.0%

7.0%

10.0%

0.0%

0 10 20 30 40 50

Route 1

Route 2

Route 3

Route 4

Route 5

Route 6

Selection of transport routeSelection of transport routeSelection of transport routeSelection of transport route

Percentage of transport routes selected by the respondents.Percentage of transport routes selected by the respondents.Without transport route guidance system

Providing the transport information increased the ratio of selecting Route 5 (City bus), because the fare of that route was the cheapest among the six routes!

With transport route guidance system

Train A → Train B

New transport system

Monorail → Train B

Marine transport system

City bus

Taxi


Transport information in route selectionTransport information in route selection Transport information in route selectionTransport information in route selection

Duration

Fare

Transportation image

Number of transfers

Walking distance

Others

Environment

・・ No guidance system:No guidance system: The ratio of transport route selected based The ratio of transport route selected based onon the transportation image was large.the transportation image was large.・・ With guidance system:With guidance system: Transport users tended to decide the Transport users tended to decide the transport route based on the fare provided as transport information.transport route based on the fare provided as transport information.

Without transport route guidance system With transport route guidance system

Percentage of transport information that the respondents referred to.Percentage of transport information that the respondents referred to.

9.0%1.0%

7.0%

48.0%

14.0%

21.0%11.0%

8.0%

6.0%

3.0%

26.0%

34.0%

12.0%


SummarySummarySummarySummary

Environmental information through the transport route guidance system via mobile phones would more effectively promote sustainable transport use.

Conjoint analysis showed the possibility of improving sustainable transport use by providing environmental information, in particular to older females.

Most respondents selected the route based on the transportation image, and they tended to decide the route based on the fare by using the guidance system.

It was suggested information services including environmental information would promote transport users to sustainable transport.


Documents

Analysis of Sustainable Transport Use by Information Services K. Nakazawa, H. Ueda, T. Hashitani Fujitsu Limited H. Tsurumi, M. Takaoka Rikkyo University