Analysis of renewable energy availability by means of GIS ...€¦ · Vettorato. A decision support system for hydro-power production in the Gesso e Vermenagna valleys E-proceedings

SSPCR, 19th November 2015

Analysis of renewable energy availability by means of GIS GRASS tools: the case study of

the Alps

Giulia Garegnani, Gianluca Grilli, Pietro Zambelli, Daniele Vettorato

Institute for Renewable Energy

Group of Urban and Regional Energy System


• What could be the impact of such changes on the habitats of animals and plants?

• How do they affect land use and soil quality?

• How much renewable energy can reasonably be used?

Great energy potential in the alps

Contribution to mitigating climate change Increasing pressures on nature


Austria

• Environment Agency Austria

• Institute for Geography, University of Innsbruck

• International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis

• Regional Development Vorarlberg

• Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, lead partner

Italy

• European Academy of Bozen/Bolzano

• Veneto Region / Office for Economics and the Development of Mountain Areas

Slovenia

• Agricultural Institute of Slovenia

• Department for forestry and renewable forest resources, University of Ljubljana

• Slovenia Forest Service

• Triglav National Park

France

• Mountain Institute

Germany

• Bavarian electric power company

• blue! advancing european projects (sub-contracted by the lead partner)

• International Commission for the Protection of the Alps

Switzerland

• Agroscope – Swiss research into agriculture, nutrition and the environment


The r.green software

cons(x1,y1,z1)prod(x2,y2, z2)

z

y

x

prod(x4,y4, z4)

cons(x3,y3,z3)

Prod=f(x, y, z, physical variables,cost, energy prices, technology, society, constrains, …)




z

y

x

prod(x4,y4, z4)

cons(x3,y3,z3)

Prod=f(x, y, z, physical variables,cost, energy prices, technology, society, constrains, …)




z

y

x

prod(x4,y4, z4)

cons(x3,y3,z3)

Spatial decision support system on energy systems:

the software r.green for the energy production scenarios


Solar potentialTheoretical

Technical


Solar potentialAccording to European norm EN 15316-4-6 for the solar photovoltaic, the electricity produced by the photovoltaic system is

𝐸𝐸 = 𝐸𝐸𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑃𝑃𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝐼𝐼𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟

𝑓𝑓𝑝𝑝𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟

where 𝐸𝐸𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 is the annual solar irradiation on the photovoltaic system, 𝑃𝑃𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝, the peak power, 𝑓𝑓𝑝𝑝𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 is the system performance factor; 𝐼𝐼𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 is the reference solar irradiance equal to 1 kW/m2.

Type of photovoltaic module 𝑷𝑷𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝑰𝑰𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓

[−] 𝒓𝒓𝒑𝒑𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓 [−]

Mono crystalline silicon 0.12 to 0.18 0.8Multi crystalline silicon 0.10 to 0.16 0.8Shockley and Queisser limit 0.31 1Carnot limit 0.95 1


Solar potential


Solar potential


TheoreticalTechnical

Wind potential


Wind potentialThe power 𝑃𝑃 𝑣𝑣 of a wind turbine is equal to:

where 𝑐𝑐𝑝𝑝 is the power coefficient, 𝜌𝜌 is the air density, 𝐴𝐴 the swept area and 𝑣𝑣 the wind velocity. The power coefficient has a theoretical maximum value of 0.593 (the Betz limit).

𝑃𝑃 𝑣𝑣 =12𝑐𝑐𝑝𝑝𝜌𝜌𝐴𝐴𝑣𝑣3

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

0 5 10 15 20 25

Pow

er [k

W]

v [m/s]

E44

Theoretical

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0 5 10 15 20 25

c p[-]

v [m/s]

E44

E48

E53

A. N. Celik, Weibull representative compressed wind speed data for 530 energy and performance calculations of wind energy systems, Energy Conversion and Management 44 (19) (2003)


Wind potential

E = �0

∞

𝑃𝑃 𝑣𝑣 𝜑𝜑 𝑣𝑣 𝑑𝑑𝑣𝑣

where 𝑃𝑃 𝑣𝑣 is the power curve of a wind turbines, 𝜑𝜑 𝑣𝑣 is the statistical distribution of the wind velocity 𝑣𝑣.

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

0 5 10 15 20 25

Pow

er [k

W]

v [m/s]

E44

Theoretical

A. N. Celik, Weibull representative compressed wind speed data for 530 energy and performance calculations of wind energy systems, Energy Conversion and Management 44 (19) (2003)


Wind potential


Wind potential


Hydro potential

TechnicalTheoretical


Hydro potentialThe maximum potential is the energy that can be

produced under the assumption that all the water resource is used.

�𝑄𝑄3,𝑎𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 = 𝑄𝑄3,𝑐𝑐𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑐𝑐𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 − (𝑄𝑄1,𝑐𝑐𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑐𝑐𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 + 𝑄𝑄2,𝑐𝑐𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑐𝑐𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟

�Δ𝐻𝐻 = (ℎ𝑖𝑖,𝑚𝑚𝑟𝑟𝑎𝑎𝑚𝑚 − ℎ𝑖𝑖,𝑐𝑐𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑐𝑐𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟

D. G. Palomino Cuya, L. Brandimarte, I. Popescu, J. Alterach, M. Peviani, A GIS-based assessment of maximum potential hydropower production in La Plata basin under global changes, Renewable Energy 50 (2013)


Hydro potential

Hydro-power potential of a referent basin i:

Potential due to the upper discharge:

Total power of a referent basin i:

𝑃𝑃𝑖𝑖,𝑎𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 = γ𝑄𝑄𝑖𝑖,𝑎𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟Δℎ

𝑃𝑃𝑖𝑖,𝑐𝑐𝑝𝑝 = �𝑗𝑗∈𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈

�γ𝑄𝑄𝑗𝑗,𝑐𝑐𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑐𝑐𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟(ℎ𝑗𝑗,𝑐𝑐𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑐𝑐𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 − ℎ𝑖𝑖,𝑐𝑐𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑐𝑐𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟

𝑃𝑃𝑖𝑖 = 𝑃𝑃𝑖𝑖,𝑐𝑐𝑝𝑝 + 𝑃𝑃𝑖𝑖,𝑎𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟

The maximum potential is the energy that can be




Hydro potential

�Δ𝐻𝐻 = (ℎ1/2,closure − ℎ3,𝑐𝑐𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑐𝑐𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟





Hydro potential












Hydro potential












Hydro potential


Potential vs elevation

StateHydro Solar Wind

r p-value r p-value r p-valueItaly 0.03 0.43 0.53 0 0.71 0Slovenia -0.02 0.83 0.25 0 0.70 0Austria 0.14 0 0.76 0 0.70 0Germany -0.04 0.65 0.48 0 0.36 0Swiss 0.08 0.14 0.75 0 0.73 0France 0.09 0.07 0.15 0 0.43 0

Pearson’s correlation coefficient r and p-value


Bivariate matrix: potential vs land uses



How to consider existing infrastructures, several legal and planning constrains, social aspects, financial feasibility in order to have a system that really supports planners and administrations in the decision process?

Resource availability and physical variablesr.green.source.theoretical

29th October 2014 17th November 2015


The r.green softwareResource availability and physical variables

Legal values and/or planning recommended data and existing structures

Technical parameters and limits

Realization cost and financial feasibility

r.green.source.theoretical

r.green.source.recommended

r.green.source.technical

r.green.source.financial

29th October 2014 17th November 2015


Referred International journals

Conference Proceedings

• R. Hastik, C. Walzer, C. Haida, G. Garegnani, S. Pezzutto, B. Abegg, C. Geitner, The renewable energy "footprint": An approach to scrutinize renew-able energies and their spatial impacts in the Alp, Mountain Research and Development, Under review

• S. Sacchelli, G. Garegnani, F. Geri, G. Grilli, A. Paletto, P. Zambelli, M. Ciolli, D. Vettorato. Trade-off between photovoltaic systems installation and agricultural practices on arable lands: an environmental and socio-economic impact analysis for Italy, Land Use Policy , Under review

• G.Garegnani, P. Zambelli, S. Sacchelli, J. Balest, A spatial model for the evaluation of the hydro-powerpotential, to be subimmeted

• G.Garegnani, G. Grilli, P. Zambelli, D. Vettorato, Energy potential evaluation: the case study of the Alps, to be subimmeted

• G. Garegnani, P. Zambelli, G. Curetti, G. Grilli, S. Biscaini, S. Sacchelli, F. Geri, M. Ciolli & D. Vettorato. A decision support system for hydro-power production in the Gesso e Vermenagna valleysE-proceedings of the 36th IAHR World Congress, The Hague, the Netherlands

• G. Garegnani, P. Zambelli, G. Grilli, D. Vettorato Evaluation of wind, solar and hydro energypotential using GRASS. FOSS4G Europe 2015, Como, Italy

• G. Garegnani, F. Geri, P. Zambelli, G. Grilli, S. Sacchelli, A. Paletto, G. Curetti, M. Ciolli, D. Vettorato A new open source DSS for assessment and planning of renewable energy: r.green FOSS4G Europe 2016 Como, Italy


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Documents

Analysis of renewable energy availability by means of GIS ...€¦ · Vettorato. A decision support system for hydro-power production in the Gesso e Vermenagna valleys E-proceedings