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Amalia Rahmayanti, Linna Meilia Rasiban, Renariah, Dedi Sutedi Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia ABS-ICOLLITE-20241
ANALYSIS OF JAPANESE LOANWORDS IN CULINARY CONTENT ON SOCIAL MEDIA INSTAGRAM
Gairaigo, also known as yoogo (words that come from western languages) and also called
as shakuyoogo (loan words). Even though gairaigo is said to be a yoogo, in the development
of gairaigo, it cannot be separated from the influence of foreign languages and changes in
the vocabulary that is taken from the structure in accordance with the rules of pronunciation
and writing in Japanese without changing the meaning of the said word (Sudjianto & Dahidi,
2019). For example: ユーモ ア 'yuumoa' (humor / humor) which derives from French,
ノート 'nooto' (note / notebook) derives from English,
イ ン キ 'inki' (inkt / ink) derives from Dutch, and
タ バ コ 'tabako' (tabaco, / cigarette) derives from Portuguese (Sawada, 1993).
The origin of words in Japanese consists of at least four types, namely: 1) haseigo
(invented/derived word), 2) fukugougo / goseigo (compound word), 3) shouryaku / ryakugo
(taking out some of the syllables from the original vocabulary) and 4) toujigo (an abbreviation
of the first letter written in the alphabet) (Sutedi, 2011: 46).
INTRODUCTION
Social media are means, services, and communication that facilitate relation between
people with the same objectives or interests. (Garrett, 2007). One of the social media
that is being widely used by Japanese people is Instagram. According to data obtained
from StatCounter (Global Stats) in April 2019 - April 2020 Instagram is a social media
that is ranked in the top 5.
RESEARCH
BACKGROUND
Based on an article from the imf-lab website
(2020) (marketing influencer on Japanese
social media,) Instagram is social media that
is widely used by Japanese people. The most
popular posts on Instagram are food-related
posts.
Source : https://gs.statcounter.com/social-media-
stats/all/japan
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Sawada (1993)
Kusrini (2020)
Sari (2018)
Ashari (2018)
“Nihongo Kyouiku no
Tame no Kihon
Gairaigo ni Tsuite”.
“The Formation of Loan
Words (Gairaigo) in the
Forms of Ryakugo and
Toujigo in the Automotive-
Technology News Column of
the Asahi Shimbun Digital
Website ”
“The Process of
Forming Gairaigo in
the Forms of
Haseigo and
Fukugougo “
“Analysis of the
usage of Gairaigo on
Twitter Social Media ”
LITERATURE REVIEW
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Qualitative descriptive method
aims to provide (describe) a situation or
existing phenomena as they are.
Documents used as reference material:
• NINJAL-LWP for BCCWJ
• English-Japanese Dictionary Japanese-
English Kotobank
• English-Japanese Dictionary Japanese-
English Weblio
And caption from Japanese Instagram posts
account culinary field content from:
METHOD
MARCH 2020 JUNE 2020
No. Instagram Account Number of Posts Number of Vocabulary
1 Yamamoto Hiromi
(love_kitchen_salon) 28 post Haseigo: 9 kosakata
Fukugougo: 36 kosakata
Ryakugo: 5 kosakata
Toujigo: 1 kosakata
2 Kawai Mayuko (kawaimayuko) 18 post Haseigo: 4 kosakata
Fukugougo: 19 kosakata
Ryakugo: 1 kosakata
Toujigo: 2 kosakata
3 Oki Hayashi (hayashioki)
11 post Haseigo: 2 kosakata
Fukugougo: 13 kosakata
Ryakugo: 2 kosakata
4 Chef Takashi
(chef_takashiyoshida)
9 post Haseigo: 1 kosakata
Fukugougo: 9 kosakata
Toujigo: 1 kosakata
5 Chikaraonma (h.chikara_cook) 4 post Fukugougo: 3 kosakata
Ryakugo: 2 kosakata
6 Koichi Sasada (chanko_chef33) 2 post Haseigo: 1 kosakata
Fukugougo: 1 kosakata
Ryakugo: 1 kosakata
7 Food Story (4you_sns) 1 post Haseigo: 1 kosakata
8 Mizuki【料理ブロガー・簡単レ
シピ】 (mizuki_31cafe)
1 post Toujigo: 1 kosakata
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Click Add Related Title Text Gairaigo Forms Used in Culinary Content on Instagram Social Media
The 74 uploads on eight accounts of Japanese users of Instagram social media, there are 115 vocabularies
obtained.
(1) Haseigo form, there are 18 gairaigo words obtained and all of the vocabulary is haseigo followed by the
verb suru.
(2) Fukugougo form, 81 gairago vocabularies are obtained.
The vocabulary is a combination of two or more words. And in one vocabulary, there is gairaigo which is
absorbed from the same language (example: English + English) while gairaigo is absorbed from two
different languages (example: English + French).
(3) Ryakugo form, 11 vocabularies are obtained.
In this form, there are vocabularies that experience word shortening or deletion, the first deletion at the end
of the word (geryaku), the second deletion in the middle of the word (churyaku).
(4) Toujigo form, there are 5 vocabularies obtained.
Of the 5 vocabularies, 3 of them are terms or words that are often used on Instagram social media when
communicating to exchange information or are commonly used but are still related to uploaded content.
86%
8%
3% 1% 1% 1%
ORIGIN OF LANGUAGE GAIRAIGO
Inggris Prancis Belanda Italia Portugis Spanyol
FINDING & DISCUSSION
Types of Gairaigo Words Used in Culinary Content on Instagram Social Media
Of the 74 uploads on eight accounts of Japanese users of Instagram
social media, there are 115 vocabularies obtained. Of the 198 words
that have been obtained, the type of word that is most widely used is
the type of noun with a total of 167 words, the second is the verb of 20 words (18 of which are suru) and the last is the na-adjective. (な -
形容詞) with 1 word.
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Click Add Related Title Text The Meaning of Using Gairaigo in Culinary Content
Of the 74 uploads on eight accounts of Japanese users of Instagram social media,
there are 115 vocabularies obtained. Those who experience a change in meaning are: チ ャ レ ン ジ し ま し た
(charenjishimashita) which means "challenge / challenge" to "will try" in the form of
haseigo; and Golden Week which means "golden week" being "long holiday" in the
form of toujigo. It can be concluded that most of the vocabulary used in culinary
content on Instagram social media has not changed significantly.
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1
2
3
4
The most widely used form of gairaigo is the
Fukugougo form followed by the Haseigo form after
the Ryakugo form and finally the Toujigo form.
Fukugougo: Combination of two or more words.
The vocabulary that is a combination of foreign
languages and Japanese + foreign languages.
Haseigo: All of the vocabulary obtained is haseigo
followed by the verb 'suru'.vocabulary obtained is
erased
Ryakugo: The end of the word (geryaku) and in the
middle of the word (churyaku).
Toujigo: Vocabulary that has a shortening of the
first letter written in the alphabet.
Most of the vocabulary used in culinary
content on Instagram social media has
not experienced a significant change in
meaning, as said by Sudjianto and Dahidi
(2019: 105-107) that each gairago has a
meaning according to its original meaning.
Users of Instagram social media accounts in
Japan often use gairaigo which is loaned or
comes from English. Also loaned by
European languages include French, Italian,
Spanish, Portuguese, Dutch which are often
used in this culinary field because of the large
number of menu names typical of foods
served from these countries.
Based on the types of words, of the 198
words that have been obtained, the most
widely used types of words are noun (名詞)
with a total of 167 words, the second is a
verb (ver) of 20 words (18 of which are suru)
and lastly na-adjective (な - 形容詞) with 1
word.
CONCLUSION
115 vocabularies that
have been obtained from
a caption in 73 posts -
eight Japanese accounts
on social media
Instagram culinary
content.
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Further research for language
learners Japan or for those who
want to do similar research,
particularly in the form of haseigo,
fukugougo, ryakugo and, toujigo
also kind words, the meaning of use,
and the origin of the language.
The vocabulary is a mixture of the two forms such as the word BLT バーガー
(BLT baagaa) a mixture of the forms
toujigo and ryakugo.
Retrieving data from an even more
varied source:
Media used
Field to focus on
Based on the research results and conclusions outlined above, the researchers recommend a few
things about this research, including:
REFERENCES