Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
215
Chapter─V
Analysis of Functions and Orientation of Selected
NGOs towards the Women Empowerment
It is widely recognized fact that equal participation of women in the development
activities is inevitable to ensure a balanced socio-economic growth and development in
the country. However, women constituting almost half of the world’s population, receive
an insignificant share of development opportunities. They are excluded from education,
better jobs, and political system and even from adequate health care ( Human
Development Report 1993). This Chapter explores issues arising in relations between
non-governmental organizations (NGO) and women development and empowerment.
These relations have a long history and are complex. When NGOs co-operate, their joint
impact on social and women development events can be quite powerful. Consequently,
success or failure in NGOs co-operation will affect the direction and the pace of women
development. No discussion of poverty , equality or development today is complete
without considering the role of NGOs.
The Chapter is divided into three section viz. Second I is devoted to formulation
of objectives, research designed & adopted, sampling selection and construction of
research tools, data collection and its methods of analysis. The collected data have been
presented in the form of profile of the selected NGOs in Section II while Section III will
and include presentation of qualitative analysis of the methods used for women development
and their empowerment by NGOs in a cumulative format.
I Formulation of Objectives and Research Methodology
The principal objectives of the study are to evaluate some prominent NGOs
operating in the Meerut region for women development. To accomplish this, the study
has formulated the following specific objectives :
216
1. To study and development the profile and background of the NGOs which are
extensively involved in the process of women empowerment.
2. To examine the different programme of selected NGOs for women development,
i.e. to understand the various processes and methods applied by the concerned
NGOs for the purpose of women’s development and its impact on their
economic, social and political empowerment.
3. To spot the problems bring faced by the NGOs in the selected sample both by the
staff who are working with the NGOs and the services provider NGOs and the
beneficiary women or target groups.
4. To study the various experiences gained by the NGOs during the women
empowerment process.
5. To study the various impacts made out of processes of women empowerment
adopted by the NGOs.
6. To suggest and advocate the successful processes and methods women
empowerment processes for those involved in the formulation and
implementation of police on the subject
Research Design and Methodologies of the study
The present investigation has adopted exploratory nature. The exploratory drsign
was selected due to the very nature of the issues, respondents , and type of question rose,
for generation data. The nature of data obtained for the present study is qualitative in
nature. The data/information were collected from 20 NGOs working in the Meerut region
and selection NGOs has been done in proportion to the total number of NGOs registered
NGO-PS portal in each district. The explorative study is used for exploring the various
processes, methods and tools used by the NGOs for the enhancing the status and
development of women.
217
Sampling Selection
The stratified and purposive sampling was adopted while identifying the NGOs.
When the researcher identified the NGOs for the study ; the following criteria were kept
in mind to avoid causality errors:
The NGOs which has completed at least three years in existence
The NGOs which has been catering to at least 50 beneficiaries in a group and
Working in the era throughout the year
The NGOs which has active has active link with community
The NGO extensively involved in the programmes and processes of women
empowerment
Based on the above conditions, 20 NGOs have been selected for detailed
investigation for the present study with the stiulation that at least one NGOs is selected
from each of the five districts of the Meerut region.
Limitations of the study
Only 20 NGOs were selected for detailed study out of 169 NGOs listed in the
Previous chapter from the five districts due to time and resource constraints at the
researcher’s disposal. Therefore, the small coverage may nevertheless be incomplete on
the whole depiction of women development progress. The study covered very limited
number of sample women beneficiaries as well those who is relatively illiterate.
Sometimes responders were not interested to express their honest opinion. To overcome
thsese limitations, an intensive study of existing literature in this field, national and local
journals, annual reports, relevant publications by Government and other private agencies
were studied.
Constructive of the Tools
The tools of inquiry required for the study were construced at different stages. At
the first stage, the researchers reviewed available secondary data and details, available with
218
the official document of the Union and State Governments documents as well as of the
NGOs viz. their MOUs and the annual reports which were helpful in identification of
relevant attributes for the purpose of the study.
At the second stage, various discussions were held with the officials at different
levels of the government as well as the management of the selected of the NGOs which helped
the researched to focus on the significance of the study and preparing suitable the tools
For the study.
In the next stage, based on the various consultation and discussions, it was
decided to collect data by adopting the following techniques and tools :
a. Participatory Observation technique in the field
b. Informal interaction with members and staff of the NGOs
c. Formal interaction with management and staff of the NGOs concerned.
d. Structured interview schedule ( open ended ) for NGOs Officials, targeted
beneficiaries. Sample Scheduled used for the study are enclosed as
Appendices to the Chapter.
Data Collection and analysis
The data was collected with NGOs directly with the help of above said tools and
methods by the researcher. The collected data were presented in form of profile of
the NGOs and qualitative analysis was used for the presentation of the data related to the
methods and process for women empowerment by the NGOs in a cumulative format.
Looking at the data collected through the research tools mentioned above, on
prima facie it is considered worthwhile that presentation of profile of the NGOs and
qualitative analysis of data collected was more suitable and it has been applied for the
purpose of data analysis for this study. The succeeding sections are devoted for the
analysis and interpretation of the results.
219
II. Profile of the NGOs selected for the Study
This section is devoted to presentation of the profile of the 20 NGOs selected
for the detailed analysis keeping in view the specific objectives described above. The
profile of these NGOs on the attributes listed below is presented in the Table 5.1 :
1. Name and address of the NGO
2. Operational area including the details of Branch Offices if any.
3. Years of Existence in operational areas.
4. Years status of the NGO. i.e, registered under Society / Trust Registration Act
5. Organizational Management Structure.
6. Type of NGO, i.e core type activities of the NGO
7. Core Organizational objectives
8. Type of Activities to achieve the core objectives
9. Functional Areas
10. Target Group
11. Sources of funding for the NGOs
The contents of Table 5.1 reveal the following important observations:
Age profile of NGOs:
The NGOs selected for the study falls in the age group varying from 7 to 60 years,
i.e NGOs well established in their operational and functional areas and those
which have jut entered into the venture have been included to assess the impact of
its age on the activities in their functional areas.
Legal Status :
To the extent possible the NGOs registered as ‘Society’ or the ‘Trust’ have been
selected unless and other the unregistered NGO is so influential in the area that it
was difficult to exclude from the study.
220
Operational Area :
The operational areas of the selected NGOs as depicted in the Table 5.1 reveals
the following :
District Operational Area Total
Urban/
Semi-urban
Rural
Ghaziabad 8 1 9
GB Nagar 4 0 4
Meerut 9 0 9
Bulandshahr 1 0 1
Baghpat 0 1 1
Total 22 02 24
The above Table clearly indicates the urban orientation of the NGOs in the
region as was emphasized in the previous chapter while describing the trends
emerging from the profile of 169 NGOs.
Functional Areas of NGOs:
The functional areas as emerged from the selected NGOs are listed below:
1. Education
2. Children
3. Women’s Education
4. Women’s Empowerment
5. Health
6. Minority Women
7. Dailt Upliftment
8. Employment
9. Micro- Finance (SHGs)
10. Vocational Training
11. Rural Development
12. Motivation & Awareness
221
13. Youth Affairs
14. Mirco, Small & Medium Enterprises
15. Natural Disaster
16. Poverty
17. Drinking Water
18. ICTs
19. Human Rights
20. Seminar & Workshops
21. Special Needs of Handicapped/ deaf & dump
22. HIV/AIDS
23. Environments
24. Religious Activists
25. Aged/elder
26. Population
27. Child Labor
Core Objectives of the NGOs :
The major core objectives of the NGOs selected for the detailed analysis of the
activities and impact assessment are listed below:
Improvement in social and economic status of women
Improving the lives of the villagers
Save childhood
Improving Nutritional Health of women and newly born Children
Protection and care of eyes
Provision of Civic Amenities
Vocational training
Welfare of women
222
Skill Development of Girls Child through vocational training programmes
Caring of Elderly People
Providing homely atmosphere to orphan children
To stabilize population and maintaining favorable sex ratio
To prevent blindness and eye care
Core Activities of the NGOs:
To achieve the core objectives, the major activities undertaken by the selected
NGOs are listed below:
Provision of Education and Health care facilities for Women
Conducting Vocational Training Programmes
Training for ICTs, tailoring, handicraft and beautician courses .
Making Provision for Old Age Needs
Religious and Culture Functions
Running Orphanage to provide basic services to orphan children
All activities resulting into welfare of women in the society
Running School for Hearing Impaired
Awareness Generation about gender sensitization
Skill development and making provision for financial assistance for
Self employment
Organizing free eye Check up camps
Running Working Women’s Hostels
Training for ICTs , tailoring , handicraft and beautician courses.
Organizing adult educational vocational training Programmes
223
Target Group:
The target of the selected NGOs include the girl child in the age group of 5-15 ,
women in the age group of 25 and above , orphan children and elderly people.
Analysis of Programmes / Activities of Selected NGOs
The NGOs are taken so many steps and progrmmes to develop the poverty situation, social
empowerment , literacy, business knowledge, entrepreneurs , financial strength, technical
matters and other things through various programs , which is the base of women
development. It formulates circumlocutory assistance to socio-economic development in
India. There are two types of training like (i) Human/Women development training (ii)
occupational skill development training. Human development training aims at providing
participants with scientific outlook and enabling them to comprehend the essence of
development problems. Human development training has significant influence on all
other programmes of the select NGOs. Again, occupational skill development training is to
Equip participants with relevant knowledge and skills so that they can undertake different
employment. The major areas covered by the women development courses are : Micro
credit programmes for women development, Employment and income Generation (EIG)
program. Poultry & Livestock Program , Fisheries , Social Forestry , Agriculture ,
Sericulture, Dairy Farm, women Development Training , Practical Skill Development
Training, Universal Education Programmes, Urban Poor Development Programme,
institute of Development Policy Analysis and Advocacy , Employment and Income
Generating Activities, Ecological Agriculture Programme , Livestock Development
Programme, Fisheries Development Programme, Social Forestry Programme , Irrigation
Sericulture Development Programme, Health Education Programme, Small Enterprises
Economic Development Programme, Development Support Communication Programme,
People’s Cultural Programme, Disaster Management and Preparedness Programme,
Policies for risk And Vulnerability Management, Integrated Multi-sectoral Women’s
Development Programme, Computer in Development Programme, Information And
224
Doucmentation Resource Cell, Education Support Programme. These varieties of
program are helping to the urban and rural areas to develop themselves as well as society.
These sector/programs are combained in various ways to meet local needs. Some
of the NGOs has the capabilities to meet the requirements regarding poverty alleviation,
women development and sustainable development in the society. In addition to these
specific activities, the selected NGOs have an underlying concern to raise the capacity of
the women to participate in national, social and democratic processes. This is undertaken
through raising the organizational strength of the women by group formation and
development, as well as by encouraging the women to avail themselves of government
services and to participate in national and local business activities. Most of the sectors are
agro based due to most of the women are still engaged with the agro-based
industry/sectors like paddy production, poultry farming, dairy farming etc. It was
observed that various program introduced by selected sample NGOs and clustered into
two types like women development related programs and common programs for all the
men and women. The women related program appear to be more viable than other
programmes and that is why these covered maximum number of women are now getting
education facilities, training on entrepreneurship, conscious about new business ideas.
Aware of social obstacles, aware of laws and regulations etc. thereby learning day by day
and keep contribution to develop themselves, the society or community as well.
Table 5.1 shows that selected NGOs organization seems emphasizing the program
on women development because women are comparatively illiterate and therefore, they
need special consciousness and training or education to make the level with men. That is
why NGOs are giving importance on women training education and training specifically.
225
Table 5.1: Profile of NGOs Selected for In-depth Analysis
S.
No
Name of the NGOs Operational
area
including
branch
officers
Year of
establish
-hment
Legal
status of
the NGOs
Management
Structure
Functional Areas Core Objective Activities to
achieve Core
objectivies
Target group
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1 Sandesh
Sustainable
Development
Society,
22 Site, IV,
Sahibabad,
Ghaziabad
Noida,
Ghaziabad
1993 Society i)
Cha
irm
an
ii) Secretary
iii) Treasurer
iv)Members/
workers-47
v)14 are
women and
33 are men
i) Educati
on
ii) Health
Care
iii) Income
Generation
Pogrammes
iv) Self
Help Groups
v) Animal
Husbandry
Improving the
lives of the
villagers
i) Non-formal
Education
ii)Health Care
iii)Income
Generating
Programmes
iv) Training
Programmes
Women and
Men in the age
group of 5-15,
15-25, 25-70
2 Samiksh
D-20, Shastri Nagar
GZB
Ghaziabad,
Muradnagar
1991 Society Secretary i Education
iiWomen’s
education
iii HIV
iv NCLP
Save Childhood i)Rehabilitation
of Child Labor
in School
ii) Non-Formal
Education
Students and
Children (15-
25 age group)
3 CAR, 10/115
Raj Nagar GZB
Block Gari-
Gadana
Ghaziabad
1950 Society Two
programme
Officers
INHP (Integrated
Nutrition Health
Programmes
Improving
Nutritional
Health of
Women and
newly born
Children
Health
awareness
programs for
women and girl
child
Pregnant
women, newly
born child,
4 Palak, 491
Phapharana
Road Modinagar
Ghaziabad
Hapur
Modinagar
1999 Society ] Eye donation Protection and
care of eyes
Creating Eye
Bank
Women and
men all age
group
5 Jan Kalyan Evam
Samajik Vikas
Samiti
16/237 New Defence,
Hapur 2000 Society Secretary Provision of Civic
Amenities
Provision of
Civic Amenities
Provision of
Civic
Amenities
All Citizens of
the Area
226
Table 5.1: Profile of NGOs Selected for In-depth Analysis
S.
No
Name of the NGOs Operational
area
including
branch
officers
Year of
establish
-hment
Legal
status of
the NGOs
Management
Structure
Functional Areas Core Objective Activities to
achieve Core
objectives
Target group
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Colony, Muradnagar,
Ghaziabad
6 Usha Silai Kendra
Delhi Meerur Road
Muradnagar,
Ghaziabad
Muradnagar 1995 Trust ---- Vocational
training
Vocational
training
Girls in all age
group
7 Amarat Sewa Trust
Krishana Nagar,
Modinagar, Gzb.
Modinagar 1997 First i. President
ii. Secretary-
Women)
iii. Treasurer
iv. 5 worker
(one women)
i. Health care
ii. Empowerment
of women
iii. Vocational
iv. Education of
Children
v. Environment
vi. Skill Devt of
Girls
Welfare of
women
Provision of
Education and
Health care
facilities for
Women
Women and
girls students
of all age
group
8 Akhil Bhartiya
Manava Adhikar
Nigrani Samt santosh
Hostal, G.T. Road
Kadrabad,
Modinagar, Gzb.
Modinagar 1997 Society Secretary Vocational
training
Skill Devt of
Girls Child
Conducting
Vocational
Training
Programmes
Girls
belonging to
Weaker
Sections 15-25
age groups
9 Mahila Vikas Kendra
Modinagar 2000 Trust Secretary Vocational
training
Skill Devt of Training of
ICTs,
Girls
belonging to
227
Table 5.1: Profile of NGOs Selected for In-depth Analysis
S.
No
Name of the NGOs Operational
area
including
branch
officers
Year of
establish
-hment
Legal
status of
the NGOs
Management
Structure
Functional Areas Core Objective Activities to
achieve Core
objectives
Target group
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Govindpuri Sant
Ashram Modinagar
Girls Child tailoring,
handcraft and
beautician
courses
Weaker
Sections 15-25
age groups
10 Jan Kalyan Trust C-5,
Sec-55, Noida
Noida 1989 trust Secretary Old age home Caring of
Elderly People
Making
Provision for
Old Age Needs
Elderly
Women and
men
11 Mahila Mandal Sec-
55 Noida
Noida 1994 Society Secretary Religious and
cultural Functions
Public Welfare
in general and
Welfare of
women in
particular
Religious and
Cultural
Functions
Welfare for
women in
particular
12 Sai Kripa Bal Kuteer
Z-134-135 Sec-12
Noida
Noida 1987 Society i. President
(women)
Secretary
Treasure
(women)
Executive
Director
(women)
Orphan House Provide homely
atmosphere to
orphan children
Running
Orphange to
provide basic
services to
orphan children
Orphan
children
13 Visha Nirmala Prem
Asharam 162,
Muunarka Vihar
Greater Noida
Noida 2003 Trust i. Chairperson
(women)
ii. Secretary
(women)
iii. Treasurer
iv. Executive
Director
(women)
v. 6 member
are women
Orphan house Provide homely
atmosphere to
orphan children
Running
Orphange to
provide basic
services to
orphan children
Orphan
children
228
Table 5.1: Profile of NGOs Selected for In-depth Analysis
S.
No
Name of the NGOs Operational
area
including
branch
officers
Year of
establish
-hment
Legal
status of
the NGOs
Management
Structure
Functional Areas Core Objective Activities to
achieve Core
objectives
Target group
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
14 Lala Ramanuj Dyal
Vashya Sadan eastern
Kachari road, Meerut
Meerut 1996 Trust i. President
ii. Secretary
iii. Treasure
(women)
iv. Executive
Director
(women)
Orphan house Provide homely
atmosphere to
orphan children
Running
Orphanage to
provide basic
services to
orphang
children
Orphan
children
15 Uttar Pradesh Mahila
Manch Madhav
Puram, Meerut
Meerut 1984 Society i. President
ii. Secretary
Women
empowerment
Welfare for
women
All activities
resulting into
welfare of
women in the
society
Women and
girls
16 Friend for
Handicapped
(VANNI) 245/6,
Thapar Nagar
(pallawpuram)
Meerut
Meerut 1995 Society i. Society
(women)
ii. Principal
(women)
iii. Vice-
Principal
(women)
Education Education and
providing social
atmosphere to
deaf and dump
students
Running
School for
Hearing
Impaired
Girls and boys
students in age
group of 5-15
229
Table 5.1: Profile of NGOs Selected for In-depth Analysis
S.
No
Name of the NGOs Operational
area
including
branch
officers
Year of
establish
-hment
Legal
status of
the NGOs
Management
Structure
Functional Areas Core Objective Activities to
achieve Core
objectivies
Target group
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
17 Surbhi Pariwar 45,
Hari Negar, Meerut
Meerut 1994 Society President Population related
issues including
prevention of
female feticide
To stablize
population and
maintaining
favourable sex
ratio
Awareness
Generation
about gender
sensitization
Women and
Girl Child
18 Jan Kalyan Trust
Garh Road, Meerut
Meerut,
Barut
Bulandshar
1997 Society President
Secretary
Improvement in
Economic status
of women
Improvement in
economic status
of women
Skill
development
and making
provision for
financial
assitance for
self
employment
Women above
25 age group
19 Kalyanm Karoti
Cantt Hospital Soti
ganj Meerut
Meerut 1998 Trust President
Secretary
Caring of Eye To prevent
blindness and
eye care
Organizing free
eye Check up
camps
All Age
Group people
20 Prem Niwas 85 Hills
Street, Begam
Bridge, Meerut
Meerut 1989 --- --- Orphan house Provide homely
atmosphere to
orphan children
Running
Orphange to
provide basic
services to
orphan children
Orphan
children
21 Jyoti Niwas
Missionary of Charity
27, AVI Lane Meerut
Cantt.
Meerut --- --- ---- Sisters house Provide homely
atmosphere to
women
Running
Working
Women’s
Hostels
Women of age
group of 25
and above
230
Table 5.1: Profile of NGOs Selected for In-depth Analysis
S.
No
Name of the NGOs Operational
area
including
branch
officers
Year of
establish
-hment
Legal
status of
the NGOs
Management
Structure
Functional Areas Core Objective Activities to
achieve Core
objectives
Target group
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
22 Society Under
Shiksha Evam Samaj
Kalyan Sansthan
(MHRD) 219,
Shashtri Nagar
Meerut
Meerut 1997 Society Secretary Vocational
training
Skill Devt of
Girls Child
Training for
ICTs, tailoring,
handcraft and
beautician
courses
Girls
belonging to
Weaker
Sections 15-25
age groups
23 Laxmi Mahila
Gramodyog Sansthan
vill + Post Akapur
Tiyana, Block B.B.
Nagar, Bulandshar
Bulandshahr 2003 Society Secretary Agriculture related
activities
Skill Devt of
women through
vocational
training
Programmes
Organizing
vocational
training
Programmes
Women of age
group of 25
and above
24 Pragya Gramoudhog
Samiti vill and p.o.
Shahpur Didoli,
Bagpat
Baghpat 1991 Society Secretary Rural
development
programs, adult
education
programs food
processing
Skill Devt of
women through
educational
Programmes
Organizing
adult
educational
vocational
training
Programmes
Women of age
group of 25
and above
231
To the further substantiate our analysis , it is worthwhile to discuss in detail the activities
undertaken by some of the porminent NGOs in the field of women development:
SUNDESH SUNTAINBLE DEVELOPMENT SOCIETY, GHAZIABAD:
Established in 1993 with the managerial technical, and financial support of DABAR
India Ltd. Sundesh works amongst the poorest and needy people in rural India by
undertaking a host of integrated rural development programmes that are aimed at
achieving an optimal level of environmental , economic , and social benefits on a
sustainable basis . These programmes are designed to foster participation, thereby
empowering the rural populace through self help , besides building dignity and value for
all. The Core activities areas for Sundesh spread over the rural areas of Ghaziabad and
GB Nagar Districts are :
Education─ both formal and non-formal education
Health Care
Income Generation Training Programmes
Self-Help Groups/ people empowerment
Animal Husbandry
Non-Formal Education: education poor and under privileged children between 6 to 14
year of age who are either dropouts or never have any change to go to school. The Non-
formal schools are being in number of villages viz. Nidhawali, Dehra, Kanjiwara,
Malanda, Lalpur, and Madapur villages of Dhoulana block, Ghaziabad. The number
children attending these schools since 1999-00 are given in the following Table 5.2 and
also in Figure 5.1:
Table 5.2: Non-Formal Education
YEAR GIRLS BOYS TOATAL
1999-2000 56 48 104
2000-2001 78 87 165
2001-2002 87 77 164
2002-2003 26 51 77
2003-2004 94 82 176
2004-2005 98 99 197
2005-2006 86 95 181
2006-2007 148 138 286
232
Figure 5.1
Adult Literacy programmes: Sundesh encourages rural women in the age group of 14-35
years to join its adult education programmes, which equip them with reading and writing
skills. Village literacy centre established in the villages have library for reading
newspaper magazine, books, Number pf participants in such programmes are depicted in
Table 5.3 and Figure 5.2.
Table 5.3 Adult Literacy Programmes
Year Participants
1999-2000 92
2000-2002 92
2002-2003 154
2003-2004 196
2004-2005 239
2005-2006 193
2006-2007 239
Figure 5.2
5648
104
7887
165
8777
164
26
51
779482
176
9899
197
8695
181
148138
286
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
NON-FORMAL EDUCATION
GIRLS BOYS TOTAL
GIRLS 56 78 87 26 94 98 86 148
BOYS 48 87 77 51 82 99 95 138
TOTAL 104 165 164 77 176 197 181 286
199
9-
200
200
0-
200
200
1-
200
200
2-
200
200
3-
200
200
4-
200
200
5-
200
200
6-
200
0
100
200
300
ADULT LITERACY RATE
YEARS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
NO of ADULT 92 92 154 196 239 193 239
233
National Child Labour Project ─ Below 14 years of age children is studying in this
centre , who were withdrawn from hazardous occupation through special schools located
at Bhattas, namely Nistoli, Rajpur , Faruk-Nagar By-Pass, MR Bhatta, DP Bhatta in Loni
Block of Ghaziabad.
Health Care – Service provided to the rural people through the health care programme at
Sandesh health care centre which have at least one lady doctor to attend to pregnant and
lactating mothers. The number of people availing these facilities since 1999-2000 is
given in Table 5.4 and Figure 5.3
Table 5.4 : Number of Patients attended in Health
Care Centre
Year Women Men Total
1999-2000 1493 1461 2954
2000-2001 2716 1729 4445
2001-2002 1032 2179 3211
2002-2003 1494 1593 3087
2003-2004 2392 2292 4684
2004-2005 1192 2219 3411
2005-2006 2126 2246 4372
2006-2007 2721 2712 5433
Figure 5.3
Income Generation Training Programmes: Keeping abreast with the changing
scenario and realizing the importance of enhancing employment opportunities in the
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
HEALTH CARE
WOMEN
MEN
TOTAL
WOMEN 1493 2716 1032 1494 2392 1192 2126 2721
MEN 1461 1729 2179 1593 2292 2219 2246 2712
TOTAL 2954 4445 3211 3087 4684 3411 4372 5433
1999-2000 2000-2001 2001-2002 2002-2003 2003-2004 2004-2005 2005-2006 2006-2007
234
rural non- formal sector , SANDESH has also established its area own vocational
training centre called Sandesh Integrated Rural Upliftment Centre (SIRUC), Sandesh
offers needs- based training programmes such as Bee Keeping , Mashroom, Cultivation
Food Preservation, Tailoring Training, Embroidery Training , Handicrafts and Mehandi
opplication. The trained women supplement their household income by bee- keeping,
manufacturing belts, bags, aprons, and worker’s uniform, women instilling confidence
and self-reliance, and enabling them to participate in economic activities. Illiterate
women are persuaded to undertake Adult Litrtacy Classes at centre run by Sandesh
so that they can acquire basic education and pursue sustainable income generation
activities. The number of women trained in cutting and tailoring has increased over the
years (Figure 5.4)
Figure 5.4
Self Help Group enable poor , especially the women folk, the collectively identify,
priorities and tackle the problems they face in their socio-economic environment.
Promotion to self groups through National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development
(NABARD) aimed at promoting sustainable and equitable agriculture and rural
Prosperity through effective credit support, related service, institution development
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
NUMBER OF WOMEN TRAINED IN
CUTTING AND TAILORING
NUMBER OF WOMEN 3500 3005 3510 5005 4010 4000 3505 5020
1999-
2000
2000-
2001
2001-
2002
2002-
2003
2003-
2004
2004-
2005
2005-
2006
2006-
2007
235
and other innovation initiative. As on date, there are 94 active groups with Sandesh
under NABARD , of which 54 groups had been graded, while 48 groups are linked to linked
to the bank.
SAMIKSHA (GHAZIABAD) is working in areas of education, women;s health and
with NCLP (National Child Labor Project). In fact, the organization is not running any
schools but visiting in schools and colleges and provides counseling services to the
students about the issues related with youth especially with girl children, about their
health, security, career etc. With regard to women’s health , organization is organizing
awareness camps and in collaboration with “Aganwadi” in village “Gari-Gadana”
District Ghaziabad, promote the ICDS for pregnant and lactating mothers.
To generate the awareness amongst the youth about the fast spreading HIV
menace, NGO counsel the students staying in the hostels and provides the rehabilitation
services to those who addicted with drugs.
In eradication of child labor from the hazardous occupations. SAMIKSHA is
associated with the project ‘National Child Labor Project’ of Ministry of Labor and
Employment, Government of India and help in search and of children engaged in
hazardous occupations and put them in the schools for pursuing further education. They
also provide scholarship Rs 100/- per month to such students through bank. The number of
children freed from such occupation since 2003 are given in Table 5.5 and Gigure 5.5
Table 5.5: Number of Children freed and Rehabilitated
YEAR GIRLS BOYS TOTAL
2003 25 73 97
2004 48 84 132
2005 65 89 184
2006 66 93 159
2007 83 85 168
236
AMARIT SEVA TRUST, MODINAGAR (GHAZIABAD)
The Gram Kalcheena is the main operational area of the Trust, which
primarily work in the following functional areas:
Health Care of the Chils especially in Pulse-Polia Abhiyan
Empowerment of women
Vocational Training
Child Education
Environment
Skill Development of the girl child
The Trust has tremendous achievement to its credit especially during the
awareness campaign of pulse-polio as reflected in Table 5.6
Table 5.6 : Activities During The Polio Abhiyan
S.No Programmes Dates Place
1 Provided polio drops to 6000 children 24Aug,2001 Village-Kalcheena
2 Polio Drops 20Aug 2001 ”
3 Rally for aware to polio 27Sep.2002 ”
4 Polio programmes had done between
Muslims communities with litter cold
war.
9Feb.2003 Hapur
5 Appeal for participation in polio
Abhiyan in Muslim area
11 Feb.2004 Kalcheena
(block-Bhojpur)
CHILD LABOR
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
GIRLS
BOYS
TOTAL
GIRLS 25 48 65 66 83
BOYS 73 84 89 93 85
TOTAL 97 132 184 159 168
2003-2004 2004-2005 2005-2006 2006-2007 2007-2008
237
The Trust has taken a massive awareness campaign for the education of girl
chils in the Muslim dominated village Kalcheena (Modi-Nagar) and with the continuous
efforts and persuasion. Trust has managed to get establish a Navodaya School in village
‘Bayrala’ , near Modi Nagar.
In the context of Women Empowerment , the has organized a number of
programmes listed below in Table 5.7
AKHIL BHARTIYA MANAV ADHIKAR SAMITI, MODINAGAR
This NGO has established a centre for vocational training for women so that they
could supplement to household income and empower themselves economically as well.
The number of girls trained per batch by the organization since 2000 are given in Table
5.8.
Table 5.8 Number of Girls belonging to Rural Areas trained per batch
Years Numbers of
Girls
Per Batch
Villages
2000 40 Mohiddinpur, Gun, Modinagar, Santpura,Krashnpuri
2001 24 Kadrabad, towm Modinagar, Churiyala
2002 46 Vijaynagar, Modinagar, Santpura, Krashnpuri
2003 44 Kadrabad, towm Modinagar, Santpura
2004 49 Saregavo, Dubbal Stori, Sudampuri, Churiyala
2005 46 Modinagar, Santpura Krashnpuri, Kadrabad
2006 39 Saregavo, Dubbal Stori, Sudamapuri,
2007 45 Town Modinagar, Santpura, Krashnpuri, Kadrabad
Table 5.7 : Programmes relating to Women’s Empowerment
S.No Programmes Dates Places 1 Awareness programmes for
women’s health
12.10.2012 Modinagar
2 Seminar on ‘Rights of
Women in Present India”
6.2.2003 Modinagar
3 Seminar on ‘Rights of
Women in Present India”
8.3.2003 Kalcheena
4 Seminar on ‘Stop Kannya
Bhrun Hatya’
8.3.2004 Modinagar
5 Awareness camps to women
camps
5.8.2005 Kalcheena
238
Researcher Participating as Observer during the Training Programmes Akhil
Bhartiya Manav Adhikar Samiti
Researcher Participating as Observer during the Training Programmes
Akhil Bhartiya Manav Adhikar Samiti
Researcher Participating as Observer during the Training Programmes Akhil
Bhartiya Manav Adhikar Samiti
239
LALA RAMANUJ DYAL VASHYA BAL SADAN (MEERUT)
This NGOs being oldest (set up in 1896) has established an home for orphan
children wherein apart from providing the social atmosphere, they impart basic
education, vocational education and organize camps on fortnight basis for generating the
awareness amongst women about their hygiene and health.
Researcher Participating as Observer during the working hours of the Home At Lala
Ramanuj Dyal Vashya Bal Sadan
Researcher Participating as Observer during the working hours of the Home At Lala
Ramanuj Dyal Vashya Bal Sadan
240
UTTAR PRADESH MAHILA MANCH (MEERUT)
This NGO has establish schools and vocational centres for women and is organizing
awareness camps and various vocational courses like- beautician, Mendhi, Wax course,
Lather course, Doll making, greeting cards, ice-cream , fabric painting , festival
decoration, screen painting, dance, flower making, Soft toys, clay painting, Society is
also undertaking social and philanthropic activities like arranging and financing
marriages of at least two girls every year, It also runs a counseling centre and resolves
outstanding achievements in their respective fields. Following women (Table 5.10) were
honored during the year of study:
Table 5.10: Women Honored by the NGO
S.No. Name Field
1 Dr. Kavita Sharma, Delhi Exclusive achievement in field of
education and Literature
2 Mrs. Auguri Devi, Rajasthan In field of Murti Kala
3 Mrs. Puwali Aggrwal, Delhi In field of Best social work
4 Mrs. Abha Aggrwal, Meerut In field of education
5 Baby Antra Bhatachrrya, Lucknow In the field of Music
6 Dr. Navin Chand Lohani, Meerut In field of Literature and Journalism
FRIENDS FOR HANDICAPPED INDIA (VANNI) (MERRUT)
VANNI has establishment a school for deaf and dump and explored new avenues in the
field of hearing handicapped welfare. The number of handicapped students assised by
the association since 1988 is given in Table 5.11
Table 5.11 Number of Handicapped Children Assisted
Year Hearing Impaired Mentally Challenged
1998 Girls- 1 Boys - 2 Girls- 0 Boys -2
1999 Girls- 0 Boys – 0 Girls- 0 Boys – 2
2000 Girls -2 Boys- 2 Girls -4 Boys - 2
2001 Girls-5 Boys- 7 Girls- 4 Boys - 5
2002 Girls-6 Boys- 7 Girls- 5 Boys - 8
2003 Girls-12 Boys- 16 Girls- 4 Boys - 3
2004 Girls-10 Boys- 11 Girls- 7 Boys - 6
2005 Girls-12 Boys- 11 Girls- 6 Boys - 6
2006 Girls-71 Boys- 40 Girls- 18 Boys – 07
241
This (Manav Asthiya) is draw n by Swati , studuing in 6th class and second
painting is drawn by Rani , studing inn 4th class. Both are deaf girls.
Researcher Participating as Observer during the workin hours of the School at Vanni
Lady teachers shown in the pictures are teaching deaf and dump students.
Second picture depicts that dump girl (Shalu) solving the numerical in class VI..
Researcher Participating as Observer during the working hours of the School at Vanni
242
JAN KALYAN TRUST (MEERUT)
Jan Kalyan Trust has 600 Slf Groups and is having its branches at Meerut,
Baraut and Bulandshahr. The Trust is providing Various Training programs namely-
MEDP- Micro Entrepreneur Development Programs (1 to 2 week)
REDP- Rural Entrepreneur Development Programs (1 to 2 weeks)
Skill development- Distance Education
This society provide the stiff for making the hand made things to uplift the
economics conditation of privileged women like as:- Dari making, agarbati making,
mattress, daliya , candles and so on and then women can purchase these materials for
making one of these and sell in market.
KALYANM KAROTI (MEERUT)
This society is working for eye care and organizes free eye checkup.
Research Participating as Observer during the working hours at the Eye Care
Centre.
III. Qualitative Analysis of the Collected Data/ Information
After analysis of the profile of NGOs in the present study, the data collected
from various functionaries of NGOs as well as the target group of beneficiaries with the
help of open ended questionnaires cum interviews schedules, has been analyzed and
presented to draw some meaningful inference in this section.
243
In order to get reliable data and response, various staff members of the NGOs
such project directors; project coordinators, supervisors, and field level functionaries
were contacted and interacted with help of interview schedules (Appendix I and II).
The group discussions were also done to validate the responses collected individually.
All the responses were compiled in a cumularive way and presented as follows
NGOs” objectives and strategy
As a first open ended question the interview started with asking about the
“NGOs” objectives and strategy for women development”. The following are responses the
spelt out the respondents:
To create equalities among the various communities
To promote the standard of living
Economics improvement
Strengthening the unity among the people
To make them responsible
To remove inequality among the men and women
To bring out their potential and skill
Leadership development among the women
To increase their contribution in the process of development
Identification of their needs and problems
To increase their contribution in successful implementation
To understand the spirits of the people
Awareness generation and to remove dependency
Skill and capacity development
To make them realize their potentials
To promote Spirit of Voluntarism
244
Methods of Empowerment
Under this major question, five sub-questions were formulated for the purpose of this
study as follows.
Income Generation Activities
Skill Development through Training
Educational methods and activities
Social methods and activities
Motivational methods and activities
Other Methods and Activities
Accordingly, the responses were collected and analyzed on five major methods
and activities as follows. On certain occasions, two or more respondents evoked the same
responses. In this case, similar responses were avoided while Compiling the responses in
order to avoid duplication of responses.
Income Generation Activities
Under this method, following responses were received:
To assess their existing skills for suggesting the type of vocation suitable to them
To expose them through the additional income generating activities which they
could take up
Exposing them for self employment under various vocations
Suggesting them for priority credit scheme for setting up their own unit
Giving them exposure to the problems being encountered in the process of setting
up their vocation
Formation of Self Help Groups for taking up income generating activities by the
Group
245
Self Development through Training
Inform them the type of training being organized by the NGO
Information on the type of skill s they can acquire given their existing
qualifications
Type of skills which are in great demand in the market
The institutions in the areas providing training in various skills
Assess their interest and aptitude
Educational Methods
Exposure visits
Presentation of successful case studies
Films shows
Pictorial presentations
Live demonstration
Charts reflecting social issues
Non- Formal Education
News reading in the groups
Social Methods
Mingling with the people
Meeting during the social gatherings
Participatory learning and discussions
Social game and sports
Hearing their problems
Relationship building
Understanding their problems and offering solution
246
Conducting sports for women and children
Appreciations during the mass gatherings
Competitions and distribution of girls for school Children
Enrolment drive during school beginning
Motivation methods and activities
Providing information about the subsidy being by the Government
Brochure on Government Subsidy Schemes
Incentives in the form of making groups to risks in the business
Facilitating the successful women during counseling sessions
Including Saving Habits
Promoting Groups Concepts
Linking with government schemes
Other Methods / activities used
Participating in their social events and functions
Building rapport among the people
Frequent visit by the staff in the villages or towns
Making demonstrations
Individuals involved and type of support extended
In order to understand about who were all involved and the type of support
extended in the process of empowering women, the question on “Individuals involved”
247
and type of support extended” was raised and responses are presented as follows. In order
to get clarity of the responses, the question was divided into three levels of participation
in the process of empowerment such as NGOs level and Community level.
NGO’s Level Project Executives, Staffs
Organizational Support
Attending the Meeting
Training and Campaign
Organizing functions
Providing information
Assisting in Resource Mobilization
Encouragement
Grading the Groups
Administrative support
Community Level
Teachers,
Anganwadi Workers
Youth Coordinators
Guidance support
Social minded people
Facilitative role
Moral Support
Concrete achievement or impact of the Efforts made towards Women’s
Development
The question on “Concrete Achievement or Impact Assessment ” was asked at two
levels, viz. at the level of the NGO and the beneficiaries. The responses received
are presented as below :
248
NGO level
The people’s power mobilized together
Confidence built on the NGOs
Realized the importance of formation of SHGs
Formation of Groups increased
Solving their problems by themselves
Motivation and awareness generation
Dependence reduced to some extent
The image of the Women has improved
Self esteem among the women has improved
Social responsibly has improved
Social consensus emerged on various issues
Self reliance among the women has been witness to some extent.
Women beneficiary
Not much impact
Household responsibilities not reduced
Intervention of family members
Discouragement by failures
Could have some dent if adequate credit support provide with training
Collaboration with banks and other concerned government agencies is always
lacking
Awareness generated in solving their social problems
Team work and team sprit started
249
Problems faced during the process
In order to understand the various problems faced by the NGOs during the
process of empowering women, the question was raised as “Problems faced during the
process ” and responses are recorded as follows :
Religion conflict
Traditional leaders did not support
Some local dominant groups discouraged our efforts
Some Political people threatened our staffs and prevented our efforts
Due to the fear of husbands. In the beginning , the women did not come forward
into the groups
Opposition of the political leaders
Communal related opposition
Money lenders were prevented the formation of the groups
Experiences gained by the NGOs during the process
In order to understand the experiences gained by the NGOs, out of the process,
the question was raised as “Experiences gained by them during the process” and the
responses obtained are presented as follows.
Satisfaction and gained confidence to continue the efforts in the future.
Our NGOs status improved at all levels
Appreciation at the local levels
People accepted our mission and vision
Noticing visible changes among the people
Self-motivation to serve the people
Our commitment increased
Managerial skill developed in our staffs
Helped to raise more funds from different sources
Funding agencies are placed trust in our organization
250
Gave brand name to our NGO
New schemes are coming up from various sources in recognition of services.
Sustainable existence has ensured
Became stabilized NGO
Any other opinions / suggestions on enhancing the process
Need continuous training
Convergences of various department services
NGOs should develop administrative skills
NGOs should use experienced Groups members, leaders, and animators in the
process
Opinion of the beneficiaries towards NGOs popular programs for women (opinion
was asked on a ten point scale )
Table 5.12: Respondents Grading on NGOs Programmes
S.
No
Programme Grading by the
Beneficiaries
1 Entrepreneurship Development 2.5
2 Leadership Development 1.0
3 Moral education development 2.0
4 Credit management 2.5
5 Skill Development and Technical
training
4.0
6 Problem Solving 3.0
251
Table 5.12 shows that the aggregate overall score as per opinion of the
respondents based of five sub variables is 3.5 on ten point indication nearer to
moderate efficiency of the system. In fact, the programs of NGOs practiced over the
sample women’s are not quit efficient and it does not fulfill them very much short of
desired requirement . In this stage, information was collected as to the adequacy and
efficiency of the programs taken by NGOs. Table – 5.12 shown the responses of the sample
respondents evaluated through seven-point, bi-polar scale system wherein +3 would
Indicate quit satisfactory position, +2 moderate states and +1 would indicate low degree
of satisfaction. This minus scores would indicate the reverse position i.e. unsatisfactory
condition in the same degree as plus sign would reveal. This study takes into account six
popular programs which is directly involved with the women development through
building their self-conscious development, taking education and business idea.
Identification of Problem
There are some most important limitation linked with women development
programs, which are directly responsible for lopsided development of women
entrepreneurs in the region. In the present study, women entrepreneurs under the study
have identified these constraints. The opinion of the sample respondents regarding the
constrains associated with women development include social and family constraints,
community pressures, higher rate of interest, difficulty in getting loan, and lack of
technical/marketing knowledge. This survey represented of five major fault done through
various programs which is the obstacles of the women development.
252
Some apparent limitation of NGOs in women development
Table 5.13: Limitation of the women Development Programmes being Implemented b the NGOs as
Per the opinion by the Sample Respondents.
Limitations perceived by sample
Respondents for selected NGOs
percentage Limitations perceived by
sample Respondents for
selected NGOs
percentage
Small size, scope and impact 60 Inadequate and un-integrated supply
of fund
70
Slack structure, often with limited
accountability to beneficiaries
70 Higher rate of interest 100
Inadequate attention to the ‘very
poor’
100 Premature recover loan 100
Undult influenced by donors’
interests, which may not reflect the
priorities of the poor;
90 Lack of education among
the women entrepreneur
70
Insufficient attention to monitoring
and evaluation
80 Inadequate training facilities 100
Weak planning and management
capacity
100 Lack of marketing
Knowledge
100
Inadequate technical, professional
and managerial skills.
100 Lack of Government
Activities
80
Note: Percentage exceeds 100 because the respondents mentioned more than one factors
Table 5.13 comprise the factors, which are directly involving with the NGOs itself
Developments and others are influencing factors to the respondents those who are taking
and continuing the programs under the selected sample. NGOs. Here the respondents
answered more than one choice at a time, which is why total is exceeding 100+. That
means limitation of NGOs and its program has to improve more than one factor at a time.
In the new millennium, women have become one of the characteristic to judge the
efficiency and quality of the management of any business organization. Thus, women
development policies must be supported by appropriate organizations or dynamic
253
Organizational, socio-economical changes for sustainable growth and development. In
recent years, many NGOs have adopted an increasing focus on women development
programs provision for the rural and urban poor women. NGOs established by local
politicians or elite members to broaden their sphere of influence, to those set up by
professionals or graduates as a means of self-employment in the absence of other
attractive options. In such cases, the key issue is whether the organization provides or
will provide an effective and needed service for the targeted poor groups. There has
tremendous prospect to women development through NGOs because they have also
spread out all over the country and they can able to things easier regarding women
development through NGOs.
The next chapter deals with summary of results, discussion, conclusion and major
inferences of the study.
