ANALYSES AND FIELD APPLICATIONS OF GAS HYDRATE INHIBITORSfuvesi.afki.hu/...applications_of_gas_hydrate_inhibitors_2015_prez.pdf · ANALYSES AND FIELD APPLICATIONS OF GAS HYDRATE INHIBITORS

ANALYSES AND FIELD APPLICATIONS OF

GAS HYDRATE INHIBITORS

*Károly Jónap, *Viktor Füvesi, *Csaba Vörös,

**Árpád Vágó, ***László Tornyi

*University of Miskolc,Research Institute of Applied Earth Sciences,

Department of Research Instrumentation and Informatics

**MOL Plc. Exploration & Production Division,IFA New Technologies and R&D

***SCADA Industrial Process Control Engineering and Trading Company

OUTLINES

2

Introduction

Laboratory measurements

Static analysis

Dynamic analyses

Dynamic hydrate analyzer equipment from RIAES

Test of field equipment

Test on the field

Field application

8th International Oil & Gas Conference and Exhibition

Sibenik, Croatia, October 13-16, 2015

INTRODUCTION

3



Problem: Hydrate formation in pipelines

Usage of preventive technologies

Traditional thermodynamic inhibitors (THI)

E. g. Methanol

Novel (Modern) kinetic inhibitors (KHI)

E. g. Polyvinylpyrrolidene (PVP)

Novel antiagglomeration inhibitors (AA)

E. g. NALCO 6423

LITERATURE OVERVIEW

4

Main topics

Formation of gas hydrate

Makogan (1981, 1997, 2013),

Sloan (1990, 2007),

Talaghat (2013, 2014)

Detemination of phase of hydrate

Difraction method

Staykova et al., 2002

Raman spectroscopy

Hester et al., 2007;

Gborigi et al., 2007

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy (NMR)

Susloa et al., 2007



OUTLINES

5

Introduction


Static analysis

Dynamic analyses



Test on the field

Field application



STATIC HYDRATE INVESTIGATIONS

6

Static conditions

Pro: well determined characteristics

Indication of hydrate formation (low pressure)

Low pressure

Acoustic sensors (McNamee and Conrad, 2001, etc.)

MRI (Zhao et al., 2014)

High pressure (Kamari, 2014)

Media: CH4, CO2, THF, natural gas



DYNAMIC HYDATE INVESTIGATIONS

7

Modeling flow in pipelines

Yana et al., 2014; Chen et al., 2015; etc.

Study of rock core

Li et al., 2014

Simulation of zone of gas well

Delli and Grozic, 2014

System with multi measurement locations

Fereidounpour and Vatani, 2014

Biogas demonstration system

Castellani et al., 2014



OUTLINES

8

Introduction


Static analysis

Dynamic analyses



Test on the field

Field application



Temperature range

-20…+30 °C

Pressure range

Max. 15 MPa

Gas flow range

1…10 nl/min

Tubing

OD/ID: 6/4 mm

Length: 7 & 14 m

Transmitters

TT – Temperature

FT – Gas Flow

PT – Pressure and

differential pressure

XT – Video



9

DYNAMIC HYDRATE MODELING

EQUIPMENT OF RIAES

10




EQUIPMENT OF RIAES

Dosing test – Hydrate formation

1st gas hydrate - 2000 s

1st start of methanol feeding - 2165 s

1st hydrate eliminated - 2670 s

1st feeding stop - 2870 s

2nd gas hydrate - 5000 s

2nd methanol feeding start - 5690 s

2nd hydrate eliminated - 6120 s

2nd feeding stop - 6350 s

3st gas hydrate - 8400 s

3st methanol feeding start - 8990 s

3st hydrate eliminated - 9200 s



11


EQUIPMENT OF RIAES

OUTLINES

12

Introduction


Static analysis

Dynamic analyses



Test on the field

Field application



13

TEST OF FIELD EQUIPMENT



Inlet pressure

PT-01

Temperature of CIP

TT-05

Outlet pressure

PT-03

Weight of

dosing

chamical

WT-06

Flow pulses

FT-07

Pressure of pump

PT-02Temperature of chamber

TT-04

TEST ARRANGEMENT WITH MEASURED

PARAMETERS



14

Chemical Tank

CIP unit

Backpressure

regulator

Ga

s d

rye

r u

nit

Pressure

regulator

Compressor

Climate

chamber



15

TEST SERIES AND RESULTSM

ean

inje

cte

dv

alu

e[c

m3/h

]

Measurments on:

Diff. Temperatures

(-35 ºC … +60ºC)

Diff. Dosing values

Diff. Working pressure

OUTLINES

16

Introduction


Static analysis

Dynamic analyses



Test on the field

Field application





17

MOBILIZED GAS HYDRATE INVESTIGATION

SYSTEM



18

LABORATORY TEST EQUIPMENT



19

LABORATORY TEST EQUIPMENT



20

WIDE-TUBING TEST EQUIPMENT



21

WIDE-TUBING TEST EQUIPMENT

OUTLINES

22

Introduction


Static analysis

Dynamic analyses



Test on the field

Field application





23

REQUIREMENTS AGAINST THE NEW CIP

Wide injection volume

Corrosion prevention

Use renewable energy

Small power consumption

Adjustable injection volume

Wide operation temperature range

Wide working pressure range

Management system

Easy to setup

Have low maintain requirement

Be mobile and easy to build up and down

Cheap construction



24

NEW CHEMICAL INJECTION SYSTEM

Asynchronous

motor

• Ex motor

• 120 W power

Helical gear

unit

Crank mechanism

Double acting

injection

Solar energy

source

• 2kW solar cells

• 800Ah accumulator

capacity

Controller

Tank of

chemicals Pipeline

Features

Working pressure: max. 160 bar

Working temperature: -40 ÷ +60 °C

Stroke: 20 mm



25

MODEL TECHNOLOGY ARRANGEMENT

Solar cells

Injection pump

Controller



26

PARAMETERS OF MODEL TECHNOLOGY

Pressure: Pressure of siphon of well Pressure of injection pipe

Temperature Temperature of pipe of well

Temperature of soil

Temperature of chemicals

Temperature of controller

Temperature of inverter

Other

Level of the chemical in the tank

Current of inverter

Voltage of inverter

Alarm signals



27

HIGH LEVEL MONITORING SYSTEM

28

GAO, S. Q.: Hydrate risk management at high watercuts with anti-agglomerant hydrate inhibitors. Energy Fuels, 2009, 23, 2118–2121.

BERECZ, E. & BALLA-ACHS, M.: Gázhidrátok, Akadémiai Kiadó 1980 p. 286.

KELLAND, M. A.: History of the development of low dosage hydrate inhibitors. Energy Fuels, 2006, 20, 825–847.

LEDERHOS, J. P., LONG J. P., SUM A., CHRISTIANSEN R. L. & SLOAN, JR. E.D.: Effective Kinetic Inhibitors for Natural Gas Hydrates,

Chemical Engineering Science, 1996, 51 (8), 1221–1229.

BOXALL, J. & MAY, E.: Formation of gas hydrate blockages in under-inhibited conditions. – In: 7th International Conference on Gas

Hydrates (ICGH 2011), Edinburgh, Proceeding, 2011.

YANA, K. L., SUNA, C. Y., CHENA, J., CHENB, L. T., SHENA, D. J., LIUA, D., JIAA, M. L., NIUA, M., LVA, Y. N., LIA, N., SONGA, Z. Y.,

NIUA, S. S. & CHENA, G. J.: Flow characteristics and rheological properties of natural gas hydrate slurry in the presence of anti-

agglomerant in a flow loop apparatus, Chemical Engineering Science, 2014, 106, 99–108.

HAMMERSCHMIDT, E. G.: Formation of gas hydrates in natural gas transmission lines, Ind. Eng. Chem, 1934, 26 (8), 851-855.

MAKOGON, Y. F.: Perspectives for the development of Gas Hydrate deposits. In – 4th Canadian Permafrost Conference, Calgary,

Proceeding, 1981.

MAKOGON, Y. F.: Hydrates of hydrocarbon, PennWell Publ Co., Tulsa, Oklahoma, 1997, p. 446.

MAKOGON, Y. F. & OMELCHENKO, R. Y.: Commercial gas production from Messoyakha deposit in hydrate conditions, Journal of Natural

Gas Science and Engineering, 2013, 11, 1-6.

SLOAN, E. D. & KOH, C. A.: Hydrates of Natural Gases, Third Ed. N-Y. Marcel-Dekker. 2007, p. 725

SLOAN, E.D.: Clathrate Hydrates of Natural Gases, Sec. Ed. N-Y.Marcel-Dekker, 1990, p. 705

TALAGHAT, M. R.: Evaluation of various types equations of state on prediction of rate of hydrate formation for binary gas mixtures in the

presence or absence of kinetic hydrate inhibitors in a flow mini-loop apparatus, Fluid Phase Equilibria, 2013, 347, 45–53.

TALAGHAT, M. R.: Experimental investigation of induction time for double gas hydrate formation in the simultaneous presence of the PVP

and L-Tyrosine as kinetic inhibitors in a mini flow loop apparatus, Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering, 2014, 19, 215-220.

TALAGHAT, M. R.: Experimental investigation of gas consumption for simple gas hydrate formation in a recirculation flow mini-loop

apparatus in the presence of modified starch as a kinetic inhibitor, Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering, 2013, 14, 42-48.

TALAGHAT, M. R.: Evaluation of various types’ equations of state for prediction of rate of double gas hydrate formation based on Kashchiev

model in flow loop apparatus, Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering, 2014, 18, 385-395.

STAYKOVA, D. K., HANSEN, T., SALAMATIN, A. N. & KUHS, W. F.: Kinetic Diffraction experiment on the Formation of Porous Gas

Hydrate, In – The Fourth International Conference on Gas Hydrates, Yokohama, 2002, pp. 537-542.

HESTER, K. C., DUNK, R. M., WHITE, S. N., BREWER, P. G., PELTZER, E. T. & SLOAN, E. T.:

Gas hydrate measurements at Hydrate Ridge using Raman spectroscopy, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2007, 71, 2947–2959.

GBORIGI, M. O., RIESTENBERGA, D. A., LANCEA, M. J., MCCALLUMA, S. D., ATALLAHB, Y. & TSOURIS, C.:

Raman spectroscopy of a hydrated CO2/water composite, Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 2007, 56 (1–3), 65–74.



LITERATURE

29

SUSILOA, R., RIPMEESTERA, J. R .& ENGLEZOSB, P.: Characterization of gas hydrates with PXRD, DSC, NMR, and Raman

spectroscopy, Chemical Engineering Science,2007, 62 (15), 2007, 3930–3939.

MCNAMEE, K. & CONRAD, P.: The effect of autoclave design and test protocol on hydrate test results, – In.:7th International Conference on

Gas Hydrates (ICGH 2011), Edinburgh, 2011, 17-21.

NAEIJI, P., ARJOMANDI, A. & VARAMINIAN, F.: Amino acids as kinetic inhibitors for tetrahydrofuran hydrate formation: Experimental

study and kinetic modelling, Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering, 2014, 21, 64-70.

KARAMODDIN, M. & VARAMINIAN, F.: Study on the growth process of HCFC141b hydrate in isobaric system by a macroscopic kinetic

model, International Journal of Refrigeration, 2014, 44, 66-72.

GREENE, C. A., PRESTON, S. W. & COFFIN, R. B.: Acoustic determination of methane hydrate dissociation pressures, In– 7th

International Conference on Gas Hydrates (ICGH 2011), Edinburgh, 2011,

ZHAO, J., YANG, L., XUE, K., LAMB, W., LI, Y &, SONG, Y.: In situ observation of gas hydrates growth hosted in porous media, Chemical

Physics Letters, 2014, 612, 124–128.

KAMARI, E.: Methanol inhibition and CO2 injection effects on hydrate phase equilibria: Experimental and modeling investigation, Journal of

Natural Gas Science and Engineering, 2014, 18, 205-209.

CHEN, J., YAN, K. L., CHEN, G. J., SUN, C. Y., LIU, B., REN, N., SHEN, D. J., NIU, M., LV, Y. N, LI, N. & SUM, A. K.: Insights into the

formation mechanism of hydrate plugging in pipelines, Chemical Engineering Science, 2015, 122, 284-290.

PENG, B. Z., CHEN, J., SUN, C. Y., DANDEKAR, A., GUO, S. H., LIU, B., MAU, L., YANG, L. Y., LI, W. Z. & CHEN, G. J.: Flow

characteristics and morphology of hydrate slurry formed from (natural gas diesel oil/condensate oil water) system containing anti-

agglomerant, Chemical Engineering Science, 2012, 84, 333-344.

LI, B., LI, X. S.& LI, G.: Kinetic studies of methane hydrate formation in porous media based on experiments in a pilot-scale hydrate

simulator and a new model, Chemical Engineering Science, 2014, 105, 220-230.

DELLI, M. L. & GROZIC, J. L. H.: Experimental determination of permeability of porous media in the presence of gas hydrates, Journal of

Petroleum Science and Engineering 2014, 120, 1–9.

GHAVIPOUR, M., GHAVIPOUR, M., CHITSAZAN, M., NAJIBI, S. H. & GHIDARY, S. S.: Experimental study of natural gas hydrates and a

novel use of neural network to predict hydrate formation conditions, Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 2013, 91, 264–273.

FEREIDOUNPOUR, A. & VATANI, A.: An investigation of interaction of drilling fluids with gas hydrates in drilling hydrate bearing

sediments, Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering, 2014, 20, 422-427.

CASTELLANI, B., ROSSI, F., FILIPPONI, M. & NICOLINI, A.: Hydrate-based removal of carbon dioxide and hydrogen

sulphide from biogas mixtures: Experimental investigation and energy evaluations, Biomass and Bioenergy, 2014, 70, 330-338.

Willams Milton Roy: Chemical Injection Pumps and Products, Product/Capabilites Brochure Revised 3-01,

www.williamspump.com, 2001, p. 5.

Emerson Process Management, DeltaV Digital Automation System, System overview, www.emersonprocess.com, 2013, p39.



LITERATURE

30

The described work was carried out as part of the

TÁMOP-4.2.2.D-15/1/KONV-2015-0030

project in the

framework of the New Széchenyi Plan.

The realization of this project is supported by the

European Union, co-financed by

the European Social Fund.



ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

THANK YOU FOR KIND ATTENTION!

31



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ANALYSES AND FIELD APPLICATIONS OF GAS HYDRATE INHIBITORSfuvesi.afki.hu/...applications_of_gas_hydrate_inhibitors_2015_prez.pdf · ANALYSES AND FIELD APPLICATIONS OF GAS HYDRATE INHIBITORS