Analog Fronted Circuit of a Micro-Stimulation Chip for Passive RFID Tag Immersed in Tissue LiquidRFIDStudent : Zi-Chiao SongAdviser : Dr. Hung-Chi Yang**STUT BEMC LAB A303

STUT BEMC LAB A303

OutlineMotivation -Implanted antennas for medical applications- Specific Absorption Rate Literature ReviewsMethod and ResultFuture worksReferences

**STUT BEMC LAB A303

STUT BEMC LAB A303

Motivation

Implanted antennas for medical applications- Biomedical telemetry (Operating at 402405 MHz (MICS band)- Implantable Baseband SOC(System On Chip)Specific Absorption Rate (SAR)- 1-gram averaged SAR satisfying the limitation (1.6 W/kg) of ANSI for biotelemetry

**Blood PressurePulse RateantennaantennaMedicalProfessionalImplanted antennaReception antennaBiomedical telemetry* Medical Implant Communication Services band (MICS band: 402405 MHz)* American National Standards Institute (ANSI)

Literature Reviews(1)Title Iker Mayordomo, Roc Berenguer, Andrs Garca-Alonso, Iaki Fernndez, and igo Gutirrez, Member, IEEE Design and Implementation of a Long-Range RFID Reader for Passive Transponders IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES, VOL. 57, NO. 5, MAY 2009

The performance of a passive RF identification (RFID) system - The maximum distance at which the power received is strong enough to work properly - The maximum distance at which the backscattered power received by the reader is strong enough to be detected and properly demodulated**

Literature Reviews(1) TitlePresent ResultTags achieving long read ranges have already appeared,11 m at 868 MHz [1], 10 m at 950 MHz [2], and 12 m at 2.45 GHz[3]SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE**[1]G. De Vita and G. Iannaccone, Design criteria for the RF section of UHF and microwave passive RFID transponders, IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 53, no. 9, pp. 29782990, Sep. 2005.[2] T. Umeda, H.Yoshida, S. Sekine, Y. Fujita, T. Suzuki, and S. Otaka, A 950 MHz rectifier circuit for sensor network tags with 10 m distance, IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 41, no. 1, pp. 3541, Jan. 2006.[3] J.-P. Curty,N. Joehl, C. Dehollain, and M. J. Declercq, Remotely powered addressable UHF RFID integrated system, IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 40, no. 11, pp. 21932202, Nov. 2005.si(t) = Acos(2fot + )

Literature Reviews(1)The electromagnetic field -Reader-to-tag communication: Amplitude-shift keying (ASK) modulated carrier**Balance ModulatorBandpass Filter Digital signalCarrier WaveASK Signal

Literature Reviews(1)**Input : Digital SignalOutput :Ask signal

Literature Reviews(1)Tag-to-reader communication(Backscatter modulation)Phase-shift keying (PSK) modulated carrier- orthogonalEX:BPSK(Binary Phase-Shift Keying, BPSK)**

Literature Reviews(1)Phase Shift Keying Circuit Block**Uni-polartoBipolarConverterBalance ModulatorBandpass Filter PSK Signal Carrier WaveDigital signalDigital signalUni-polartoBipolarConverter

PSK Signal

Literature Reviews(1)The block diagram of the designed reader**The power amplifier (PA) is able to transmit up to 2W(33 dBm)LNA (low-noise amplifier)-The input 1-dB compression point (IP1 dB) -The input third-order intermodulation intercept point (IIP3)

Literature Reviews(1)Simulation and Measurement -Step1 :Measurements without antennasA. Simulation : Agilent Advance Design System 2009 ADSB. Measurement :**The local oscillator in the reader has been implemented by means of a signal generator (Agilent E4421B)The baseband data coming from the reader front-end are digitalized by means of an oscilloscope (Agilent 54846B)

Literature Reviews(1)Simulation and Measurement C. DemodulationIn order to work out the system bit error rate (BER), data mustbe demodulated. Baseband I (In-Phase)and Q(quadrature) signals are given by (1) and(2), respectively, as follows:**(1)(2)It represent the phasenoise and the noise floor at the baseband processing input:It is the variable that represents the phase shift that depends on both the channel phase shift and the oscillator phase:That is DC offsets have been eliminated by the ac coupling stage

Literature Reviews(1)Result(1):The reader performance**45.9dB44.3dB

Literature Reviews(1)Step2:Measurements with antennas

**Fig : Real scenario where the final measurements have taken placeFor the tag, a dipole antenna tuned in the 865868MHz UHF band has been designed and fabricated

Literature Reviews(1)Result(2)-Measurements with antennas

**

Literature Reviews(2)Implantable Functional Electrical Micro-Stimulation System June 16,2004

The Motivation of Thesis-The Bio-technology of electrical stimulation -VLSI (Very large scale integration) -An implantable system :The protocol of communication, and the implementation of a FES(Functional Electrical Stimulation ) SOC (System-On-chip). * FES(Functional Electrical Stimulation ) * SOC (System-On-chip). **

Literature Reviews(2)System Function Block**The circuit of electromagnetic field transform to power

Literature Reviews(2)Communication Protocol -Synchronous Pocket-Initial Pocket-Feature of Micro Electrical Stimulation:1.It can complete the Multi-Functional applications2.It avoid the electric charge in the initial condition**

Literature Reviews(2)Data Protocol**

The control Instruction of PocketFunctionalAddressDefine the channel of StimulationD(direction)Define the Stimulate direction of positive or negative MagnitudeDefine the magnitude of current stimulationCont(continuous)Define the type of signal is continuousIt will make the chip is occurred to stimulate in accordance with duration , interval and phaseDurationDefine the time of stimulationIntervalDefine the interval of stimulation signalPh(Phase)0 is Mono-Phase , 1 is Bi-PhaseP(Parity)Parity adds a single bit that indicates whether the number of 1 bits in the preceding data was even or odd. If an odd number of bits is changed in transmission, the message will change parity and the error can be detected at this point.

Literature Reviews(2)Data Protocol-Manchester encodingThe transitions which signify 0 or 1 occur at the midpoint of a periodA 0 is expressed by a low-to-high transition, a 1 by high-to-low transition

**

Literature Reviews(2)The pocket specification of Manchester encoding **The pocket specification of RS232 Data rate:10Khz

Literature Reviews(2)Communication Protocol of NRZ encoding

**SynchronizationPocket 1&2 :Synchronization

Pocket3:InitialPocket4~6:Sending the data of electrical stimulation Pocket7~9: debug

Literature Reviews(2)The state diagram**S1:Idle StateS2:Synchronization stateS3.:Data reading state

Literature Reviews(2)The block of digital control circuit**

Literature Reviews(2)The Sequential**The sequential of Error pocket

Literature Reviews(2)Bi-Phase Current Stimulation Circuit -D :direction-b0~b4: It control the level of Current Stimulation **

Method and Result

**Tools software

Design entrySoftwareAnalogSchematicCadence composer-schematicLayoutCadence VirtuosoSimulationHspiceDigitalCoding LanguageVerilog FPGASynthesisSynopsys design analyzerSimulationDebussy

Method and ResultThe analog Fronted CircuitA. Class E amplifier

**Fig : The architecture of class E amplifierMn202:Switch Cshunt: Modulate the frequencyLchoke: Steady the Current

Method and Result**

Method and Result

B. Voltage rectifier and Step-down circuit **4.5v3vRectifierStep-down CircuitThe coil distance is 1 cm. The voltage is -23.4v~23.4v

Method and Result

**Fig1.The voltage of the coil receiverFig2.The voltage of the Step-down circuit

Method and ResultC. Low Dropout-out Voltage Regulator(LDO)**Fig1: The basic frame of LDO Dropout-out Voltage is 3.7mv-3.2mv=0.5mvFig2: The power distribution of chip

Method and Result**

Method and Result**

Method and ResultD.ASK Modulator **

Method and Result**

Method and Result**

Method and Result**Cascaded Inverters:Increase the Load DriverHysteresis: define the level of high and low voltage

Method and ResultE.ASK modulation verification**

Future works

Fabricate the Tag antenna into the Tag ChipIntegrate the digital and Analog signalImprove the performance of RFID reader Small size

**

REFERENCES[1] K. V. S. Rao, P. V. Nikitin, and S. F. Lam, Antenna design for UHF RFID tags: A review and a practical application, IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 53, no. 12, pp. 38703876, Dec. 2005.[2] J.-P. Curty,N. Joehl, C. Dehollain, and M. J. Declercq, Remotely powered addressable UHF RFID integrated system, IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 40, no. 11, pp. 21932202, Nov. 2005.[3] U. Karthaus and M. Fischer, Fully integrated passive UHF RFID transponder IC with 16.7 W minimum RF input power, IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 38, no. 10, pp. 16021608, Oct. 2003.[4] G. De Vita and G. Iannaccone, Design criteria for the RF section of UHF and microwave passive RFID transponders, IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 53, no. 9, pp. 29782990, Sep. 2005.[5] T. Umeda, H.Yoshida, S. Sekine, Y. Fujita, T. Suzuki, and S. Otaka, A 950 MHz rectifier circuit for sensor network tags with 10 m distance, IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 41, no. 1, pp. 3541, Jan. 2006.[6] B.-S. Fu, Design of Bi-directional Wireless Communication for Implantable Biomicrosystem. Ms. D. Thesis, Institute of Biomedical Engineering of National Cheng Kung University in Taiwan, 2003.[7] (20004)---http://news.yam.com/healthy/200004/13/13785400.html[8] B. Razavi, Design of Analog CMOS Integrated Circuits. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2001.**

so much!!!!**

*1. (MICS Band:402~405MHz) MICS Band: 402 ~ 405 MHz2.? ()(10) 402MHz~405MHz(MICS) 3.SAR, Specific Absorption RateW/kg **1dB(P1dB) P1dB1dB() P1dB1dB() 1db 1db GG 1dB1dB1dB1dB In telecommunications, a third-order intercept point (IP3, IP3 or TOI) is a measure for weakly nonlinear systems and devices, for example receivers, linear amplifiers and mixers. It is based on the idea that the device nonlinearity can be modeled using a low-order polynomial, derived by means of Taylor series expansion. The third-order intercept point relates nonlinear products caused by the third-order nonlinear term to the linearly amplified signal.The intercept point is a purely mathematical concept, and does not correspond to a practically occurring physical power level. In many cases, it lies beyond the damage threshold of the device.

****Clock recovery:rest 15us,rest behind POCKET processclock recover POCKET processPOCKET processClock recoveryrest behind 600us2.21ma*