Analisis de distorción

8/13/2019 Analisis de distorcin

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8th AnnualFault and Disturbance AnalysisConference

April 25-26, 2005 Atlanta, Georgia

presents www.pe.gatech.org


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Program Outline

Monday, April 25, 20058:00 Registration

Global Learning Center8:30 Conference Opening

Welcoming RemarksA.P. Sakis MeliopoulosProfessor, School of Electrical and Computer EngineeringRobert C. BaldwinChairman, Transient Record Users Council

Morning SessionChairman: Robert C. BaldwinCompany: Southern California Edison

8:40 Widows Creek Disturbance June 22, 2002 Relaying Problemsand Near-Misses

Gary L. KobetTennessee Valley Authority9:20 Using Synchronized Disturbance Recorders to Dissect a Complex

Short Duration EventDean Ellis, James W. Ingleson

NYISO10:00 BREAK10:20 An Examination of Possible Criteria for Triggering Swing

Recording in Disturbance RecordersJeffrey Pond, Leonard SwansonNational Grid USARich Hunt

NxtPhase T&D Corporation11:00 Synchronized Event Data Recording Report of an NPCC

Working GroupJohn R. FerraroNortheast Utilities

11:40 LUNCH

Afternoon SessionChairman:Jim HackettCompany: Mehta Tech

12:40 Daily Integrity Checks Using Automated DFRs Records Analysis

Claude Fecteau, Denis Larose, Raymond Begin,Jean-Guy LachanceIREQ, Hydro-Quebec

1:20 The Importance of Power System Event AnalysisRussell W. PattersonTennessee Valley Authority

2:00 BREAK2:20 Monitoring and Recording Power System Disturbances at SCE Using

Synchronized Phasor Measurement TechnologyBharat Bhargava, Bob Baldwin, George D. Rodriguez,Armando Salazar

Southern California Edison3:00 Display and Discussion of Actual Fault Records Brought by

ParticipantsBill Royse, ModeratorProgress Energy

3:40 Users ForumAlan D. Baker, ModeratorFlorida Power & Light Co.

9:20 Using a Multiple Analog Input Distance Relay as a DFRDennis DenisonEntergy Arkansas

10:00 BREAK

10:20 Using Digital Fault Recorder Data to Create Reports Complying toNational StandardsPatrick DonatoTransco, PhilippinesJohn SperrAmetek Power Instruments

10:50 Phasor Data Accuracy Enhancement in a Multi-Vendor EnvironmentA. P. Meliopoulos, G. J. CokkinidesGeorgia Institute of Technology

11:20 A Cost Effective Solution for High Speed Recording in EHVF. Ghassemi, J. MerronQualitrol-Hathaway InstrumentsTom Cumming, Finlay MacLeodScottish Power Plc

11:50 LUNCH

Afternoon SessionChairman: Robert M. OrndorffCompany: Dominion Virginia Power

1:00 Waveform Storage in IEEE COMTRADE and IEEE PQDIFStandards: Comparison and Examples for Format ConversionDaniel Sabin, Wieslaw Jerry Olechiw

Electrotek Concepts1:40 Power System Fault Analysis Using Fault Reporting

Juergen HolbachSiemens Power T&D

2:20 Electrical Resynchronization in the Peruvian Power SystemFrancisco TorresComite de OperacionYofre JacomeRed de Energia del Peru

3:00 Automated Analysis Functions for IED-Recorded Data:Implementation and Integration

Mladen KezunovicTexas A&M UniversityJ. Lucey, R. LunsfordCenterPoint EnergyI. BarrasEntergy ServicesT. PopovicTLI, Inc.

3:40 Impedance-Based Fault Location ExperienceKarl ZimmermanSchweitzer Engineering

4:20 IEC 61850 and Disturbance RecordingAlexander ApostolovAREVA T&D Automation

5:00 ADJOURN

PAPERS WITHOUT PRESENTATION

U N W l T h f Ad S l Ph A l f


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2005

Planning Committee

Roster

Registration

Four Easy Ways to Register

After you register, you will receive A conrmation letter with detailedinstructions.

ONLINE: www.pe.gatech.edu

FAX: (404) 894-8925

MAIL: Georgia Institute of TechnologyProfessional EducationR

P.O. Box 93686

Atlanta, Georgia 30377-0686

PHONE: (404) 385-3501 between 9:00 a.m. and 4:00 p.m., Eastern time.

Continuing Education UnitsEach participant completing the course successfully will earn 1.4

CEUs. You may request a certicate of completion showing the numberof CEUs you have earned by calling (404) 385-3514.

Course Location and AccommodationsThe conference will be held at the Global Learning & Conference

Center (GLCC) which is located in Technology Square at 84 5th Street,

N.W., Atlanta, Georgia ve blocks north of the Renaissance Hotel. Theregistration fee includes a copy of the conference proceedings, a CD ofthe conference proceedings, and refreshments. Extra copies of the pro-ceedings may be purchased during the conference for $20each, or afterthe conference for $70each. Conference delegates should preregister assoon as possible.

A block of rooms has been reserved for the program registrants, butwill be released four weeks prior to the program at theRenaissance At-lanta Hotel Downtown, which is located at 590 West Peachtree Street,

N.W., Atlanta, Georgia. The Renaissance Hotel will be the location of

the hospitality suites. Mention that you are attending a Georgia Techprogram for a special room rate of $130. For hotel reservations, call (404)881-6000.

For additional lodging options, visit our website at www.pe.gatech.eduand click on Visitor Information.

The Georgia Tech Professional Education Department is not respon-sible for any hotel cancellation charges, penalties, billing discrepancies.

Convenient parking is available in the area. Georgia Tech ProfessionalEducation does not refund nor validate parking.

Hospitality SuitesParticipants are encouraged to visit the hospitality suites that will be

open after 5:00 p.m. on Sunday, Monday, and Tuesday of the conferenceat the Renaissance Atlanta Hotel Downtown.

Cancellations and RefundsT l i i d i f ll f d ll

Alexander ApostolovAlstom T&D EAI2950 Bentley Ave., Unit 4Los Angeles, CA 90064

310-478-5967 (P)[email protected]@tde.alstom.com

Alan D. Baker SPO/JBFlorida Power & Light Co.P.O. Box 14000, SPO/JB

Juno Beach, FL 33408-0420561-694-4787 (P) 561 694-3177 (F)[email protected]

Robert C. BaldwinSouthern California Edison501 So Marengo Ave.Grid Control Bldg. AGAlhambra, CA 91803626-308-6809 (P), 626-437-5158 (F)[email protected]

Dave BertagnolliISO - New EnglandOne Sullivan Road

Holyoke, MA 01040413-535-4330 (P), 413-535-4343 (F)[email protected]

Greg BradleyUtility Systems Inc.8431 Castlewood DriveIndianapolis, IN 46250317-842-7500 (P), 317-849-7600 (F)[email protected]

Phillip L. CorlissQualitrol Corp/Hathaway Inst. Div.2 Inverness Drive East, Suite 106Englewood, CO 80112303-925-1512 (P), 303-799-8880 (F)[email protected]

Dean EllisNew York ISO, Inc.

Jim HackettMehta Tech Inc.208 North 12th AvenueBox 350

Eldridge, Iowa 52748563-285-9151 (P) 563-285-7576 (F)[email protected]

Harish MehtaMehta Tech, Inc.208 North 12th AvenueBox 350Eldridge, IA 52748563-285-9151 (P) 563-285-7576 (F)[email protected]

A. P. Sakis MeliopoulosSchool of Electrical & ComputerEngineeringGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlanta, GA 30332-0250404-894-2926 (P) 404-894-4641 (F)[email protected]

Tony NapikoskiUnited Illuminating

801 Bridgeport AvenueShelton, CT 06484-4714203-926-4618 (P) 203-926-4664 (F)[email protected]

Robert OrndorffDominion Virginia Power2400 Grayland Avenue, First FloorRichmond, VA 23220804-257-4960 (P) 804-257-4611 (F)[email protected]

Bill RoyseProgress Energy, OHS-7412 S. Wilmington StreetP. O. Box 1551Raleigh, NC 27602919-546-3105 (P) 919-546-2684 (F)[email protected]


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Electrical Resynchronization in the Peruvian Power System.

Francisco Torres Garca, M.Sc., Eng.Comit de Operacin Econmica del SEIN

(COES SINAC)

Yofr Jcome Depaz, Eng.Red de Energa del Per

(REP)

Abstract:This paper describes the analysis of a fault in the Peruvian Power System, and an Out-of-Step andresynchronization events after it between the Southern-Western Region and The National Grid. The paperdescribes theoretically the phenomenon, and shows the analysis made using digital transient recorders, withthat was possible to demonstrate the electrical separation between two regions of the Peruvian Power systemand the resynchronization of them after some generation shedding.

1- Introduction

The connection of two power systems between a transmission line which has a capacity under (10%- 15%)[2]of the small power system, is called a Weak connection

In power systems with weak connections is necessarily to have enough reserve in order tomaintain stability. The operation of this connections near the stability limits can originate frequencyor power oscillations

If each one of the interconnected systems could regulate its power momentarily in such a way thatthe generation is exactly the load of the system for a frequency of 60 Hertz, then the frequency inthe systems would stay constant. Any variation of the frequency in each one of the systemsimmediately would be compensated by its respective variation of the generation. Unfortunately, thisregulation cannot be made

Any difference between the power and load means a change in the frequency, which also causes theaction of the primary regulators that gradually change the generation.

From the analysis of the interchanged power variations and the oscillations that appear, these

oscillations are divided in the following types[3]

1.- Control modes;2.- Interarea modes;3.- Local modes;4.- Unstable modes;5.- Torsional modes.


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The analyses of real events like the ones described previously, are made from the data obtained inthe SCADA systems, the protective relays and the transient recorders. The transient recorders,

capture many parameters of the event such as voltage and current with high resolution. TheTransient recorders nowadays have multiple capacities such as register waveform, digital signals,rms values, frequency, etc, and the samples intervals are configurable and can go from themilliseconds to the hours

In The Peruvian Power System using the transient recorders, which are installed in different pointsfrom the electrical system, an interesting phenomenon originated by the disconnection of a line wasrecorded. This disconnection produced a loss of synchronism of the Southeastern region.

This loss of synchronism was not detected by the separation of areas scheme, for that reason the

Southeastern region did not separate of the national grid; staying connected with a overfrequency.This phenomenon is known as a loss of frequency stability.

2. Power System Stability

The stability is a condition of balance between opposite forces. The mechanism by which thesynchronous machines interconnected maintain synchronism is by forces which tend to accelerateor decelerate the machines with respect to a reference. Under stable conditions, there are anequilibrium in a machine between the mechanical torque and the electrical torque considering a

constant speed. If the system has a perturbation, this balance finishes, and an acceleration ordeceleration of the generators rotors take place. If a generator temporarily is accelerated overanother one, the angular position of its rotor is increased. The angular difference transfers part ofthe load of the slowest machine to fastest, depending on its relation power-angle

The relation power-angle is nonlinear. Over a certain limit (90) an increase in the angularseparation is accompanied by a decrement in the transferred power and causes more instability. Insome situations, the stability of the system depends of the angular position on the rotor.

When a Synchronous generator loses synchronism (an out-of-the-step condition), the rotor isaccelerated. This originate fluctuations in power, voltage and current in the machine; so that theprotection relays trip and isolate the machine of the system.

The loss of synchronism can happen between a machine and the system or among groups ofmachines. Its possible to recover stability in the system insolating the machine that caused thiscondition.

In electrical power systems, the change in the electrical torque of a synchronous machine followed adisturbance has two components:

Te = TS. + TD.

where:

TS. ; Is known as the Synchronizing torque.

TD.; Is know as the dumping torque.


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)1.3(Sen

TX

RE

SE

RP

SPP ===

In which, it is observed that the maximum transferable power depends on:- the voltages of the equivalent sources- the total impedance of connection- the angle between the voltage of the two equivalent sources.

Considering that both systems are strong, it would be possible to be assumed that the voltageswould stay constants; for that reason when the angular difference between the equivalent sources is

increased, the power has describe a change as it is shown in the figure 3.2.As we increased the flow through the transmitssion lines, the angle between the two sources isincreased, when the angular difference is 90 this point is known as the Point of maximumtransference, also known as the limit of static stability.

Figure 3.1 Power system with twogenerators.

Figure 3.2 Active power & angle betweensources.

The power swing can be produced by load changes, generation changes or faults. In order to analyzethe behavior of the power oscillations in a interconnection line between two systems, we will analyze afault in one interconnection line.

When a fault in the line B in the figure 3.1 happened, the power transmitted by the line A describedifferent states, the three states are:

- Pre-fault- Fault (Short circuit in the line B)- Post-fault (The fault is cleared)

We will have a different maximum power for eachone of these states, the most critical case is duringth f lt b i th t diti th

f

Oscilacin de potenciainestable


7/54

We also can draw the behaviors of the angle & the time, for stable and unstable oscillations, as it isshown in the figure 3.4.

Every power swing appears between two generators or groups of generators, which try to look for anew point of balance after a change in the parameters of the system or variables of state.

These oscillations are present in all the system, the severe oscillations are in the electrical center ofoscillation, in this point the voltage can arrive at values near "0". The location of this electrical centerdepends on the generators location (sources) and the impedances among them (such as lines,transformers, etc).

Assuming that the electrical center of figure 3,1 after the disconnection of line "B", is in the line "A".

When the angle "" is increased, the voltage in the electrical center diminish as is in figure 3.5. Thisdiminution of the voltage originates that the impedance seen by the distance relays near the electricalcenter enters to the operation zones of them.

90

ES

ER

ES

ES

ER

ER

ECECEC 0180

270

'

"

Figure 3.5Phasors diagram of voltages in the system

The nearest distance relays to the electrical center are most susceptible to the power swing. There aremany ways to block the relays during these power swings.

One way to determinate if a power swing is stable or unstable is using the measurements done by thedistance relays, using the characteristic of impedance of the distance relays it is possible to determinedthe state of the power swing, in the figure 3.6 is shown the impedance seen by a distance relays in three

stages


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Figure 3.6Power and impedance during a power swing

Point 1, is known as the limit of steady-state stability.Point 2, is known as the limit of transient stability,Point3, is known as the point of loss of synchronism.

The power systems would be separated before the point of loss of synchronism, for that reason theresome schemes of area separation as it is shown in the figure.

Figure 3.7An area separation scheme.

What happen if we have an out-of-step, and we do not separate the areas?

The Out-of-Step (loss of synchronism) means that both systems are electrically separated butphysically connected. The electrical separation, means that the frequency in both systems are different,in the time the frequency in the subsystem that lost synchronism is increased gradually, whereas in theother subsystem the frequency tends to diminish.

In the figure is shown an out-of-step condition originated by a fault in a line, is observed that in thesystem that loses synchronism the frequency is increased.

100 MW

50 MW

Grid

70 MW 30 MW 40 MW

Point of disconnection


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Figure 3.8Frequency and angle during an out-of-step condition.

In the Peruvian Power system there some area separation under out-of-step conditions, but it happenedan event in which the conditions of the system originated that the electrical center of oscillation was ina power autotransformer, and the distance relays did not detect the out-of-step condition, this eventclearly was identified with the use of the transient recorders.

4. An Out-of Step-Condition and the Electrical Resynchronization in the Peruvian Power System.)

The Southeastern region of the Peruvian power system is shown in the figure


10/54

This region is interconnected to the national grid through two connections, the lines L-1008/1020(Quencoro-Socabaya) and L-1011/1012 (Azngaro-Puno). In these connections the lines have powerswing blocking, and trip under out-of-step condition; in addition the San Gabn Hydroelectric hasimplemented schemes of tripping generation in case of lost of synchronism.

This event happened in October of 2002, In this event the line L-1008 tripped by a fault originated bylightnings, in the figure 4.2 is show the record of the tripping, After the tripping, San Gabn andMachupicchu tried to be evacuated the power through the connection Azngaro - Puno (L-1011/1012),producing an out-of-step-condition.

The electrical center of the power swing was in the Punos autotransformer, for that reason the distancerelays implemented for the area separation scheme did not detect the out-of-step-condition

IA

IB

IC

VA

VB

IA

IB

IC

VA

VB


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FRECUENCY OF THE SYSTEMFault in the li ne Tintaya-Callalli (L-1008)

09-Oct-02 Hora : 13:09 h

58.90

59.40

59.90

60.40

60.90

61.40

61.90

62.40

62.90

63.40

63.90

64.40

64.90

13:0

7:00

13:0

7:10

13:0

7:20

13:0

7:30

13:0

7:40

13:0

7:50

13:0

8:00

13:0

8:10

13:0

8:20

13:0

8:30

13:0

8:40

13:0

8:50

13:0

9:00

13:0

9:10

13:0

9:20

13:0

9:30

13:0

9:40

13:0

9:50

13:1

0:00

13:1

0:10

13:1

0:20

13:1

0:30

13:1

0:40

13:1

0:50

13:1

1:00

13:1

1:10

13:1

1:20

13:1

1:30

13:1

1:40

13:1

1:50

13:1

2:00

Tiempo (s)

Frecuen

cia

(Hz)

Area Sur-Este with

over frecuency

SEIN with lower-frecuency

62 seconds62 seconds

Hand desconected of

the group of the

CH. Machupicchu

Desconectin

of load

Hand reduction of

load of the CH. San

Gabn

FRECUENCY OF THE SYSTEMFault in the li ne Tintaya-Callalli (L-1008)

09-Oct-02 Hora : 13:09 h

58.90

59.40

59.90

60.40

60.90

61.40

61.90

62.40

62.90

63.40

63.90

64.40

64.90

13:0

7:00

13:0

7:10

13:0

7:20

13:0

7:30

13:0

7:40

13:0

7:50

13:0

8:00

13:0

8:10

13:0

8:20

13:0

8:30

13:0

8:40

13:0

8:50

13:0

9:00

13:0

9:10

13:0

9:20

13:0

9:30

13:0

9:40

13:0

9:50

13:1

0:00

13:1

0:10

13:1

0:20

13:1

0:30

13:1

0:40

13:1

0:50

13:1

1:00

13:1

1:10

13:1

1:20

13:1

1:30

13:1

1:40

13:1

1:50

13:1

2:00

Tiempo (s)

Frecuen

cia

(Hz)

Area Sur-Este with

over frecuency

SEIN with lower-frecuency

62 seconds62 seconds

Hand desconected of

the group of the

CH. Machupicchu

Desconectin

of load

Hand reduction of

load of the CH. San

Gabn

From the superposition of frequencies it is observed that the frequency in the Southeastern regionreached a value of 64,87 Hz, whereas in the SEIN a frequency reached a value of 59,28 Hertz;behaving like two separated regions.

The generation shedding during the out-of-step condition originate a resynchronization after 62

seconds. During this time the Southeastern region was physically connected but electricallydisconnected.


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27 April 2005F.Torres & Y. Jacome 1

88thth

FAULT AND DISTURBANCE ANALYSIS CONFERENCEFAULT AND DISTURBANCE ANALYSIS CONFERENCE

252526 April, 200526 April, 2005

Atlanta, GeorgiaAtlanta, GeorgiaU.S.A.U.S.A.

ELECTRICAL RESYNCHRONIZATIONELECTRICAL RESYNCHRONIZATION

IN THE PERUVIAN POWER SYSTEMIN THE PERUVIAN POWER SYSTEM

ExpositoresExpositores::

Francisco Torres GarciaFrancisco Torres GarciaCOESCOES

Yofre JacomeYofre Jacome DepazDepazREPREP


14/54


OUTLINE

Power System Stability

Power Swing and OutPower Swing and Out--ofof--Step.Step.

OutOut--ofof--Step and Resynchronization in theStep and Resynchronization in the

Peruvian Power System.Peruvian Power System.


15/54


POWER SYSTEM STABILITY

Stability = balance Mechanical Torque = Electrical Torque

w(speed) = constant.

Te = TS. + TD. TS. ; Is known as the Synchronizing torque.

TD. ; Is know as the dumping torque


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THE SYNCRONOUS MACHINE MODEL


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A Machine connected to a Power System

VR


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POWER & TIME

Stable Oscillatory

Unstable


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ANGLE & TIME

stable. Oscillatory

Unstable


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EQUAL-AREA CRITERION CRITIC TIME


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FAULT DURATION

Stable Instable


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OUTLINE

Power System StabilityPower System Stability

Power Swing and OutPower Swing and Out--ofof--Step.Step.

OutOut--ofof--Step and Resynchronization in theStep and Resynchronization in the

Peruvian Power System.Peruvian Power System.


24/54


POWER SWING

-Every Power swing, has an electricalcenter.

-The location of the electrical center

depends of the impedance betweengenerators (lines, transformers, etc)

-An increase in the angle means adecrease in the voltage in the electrical

center.

90

ES

ER

ES

ES

ER

ER

ECECEC 0180

270

'"


25/54


POWER SWING

P


26/54


Impedance seen by a Impedance relayIn the diagram:

RLS

RS

ZZZ

EEI

++

=

S

RLS

RSSSS Z

ZZZ

EEEIZEE

++

==

( ) SRLSRSS

EZZZEE

E

I

E

Z ++

==


27/54


Impedance seen by a Impedance relayConsiderations

If n = 1;

R

SSR E

EnnEE === ,,01

=

2cot1

2

1 j

EE

E

RS

S

SRLS ZjZZZZ

++= 2

cot12


28/54


Impedance seen by a Impedance relay

SRLS Zj

ZZZZ

++=

2cot1

2

R

X

ZL

ZR

-ZS

0.5ZT

0.5ZT (1-jcot/2)

seincrementaZ


29/54


COMPORTAMIENTO DE LOS RELES DE DISTANCIA

P1

P2

P3

P1 : Limit of steady-state stability

P2 : Limit of transient stability

P3 : Loss of synchronism


30/54


Impedance seen by a Impedance relayUnstable oscillations


31/54


Impedance seen by a Impedance relay

Unstable oscillations

Power

Angle

R

X


32/54


A RECORD DURING AN OUT-OF-STEP


33/54


An area separation scheme

100 MW

50 MW

Grid

70 MW 30 MW 40 MW

Point of disconnection


34/54


OUT-OF-STEP WITHOUT AREA SEPARATIONWhen we have an out-of-stepcondition between two system, thefrequency in both system aredifferent


35/54


OUT-OF-STEP WITHOUT AREA SEPARATIONIn the system shown, we aregoing to trip the line L-2


36/54


OUT-OF-STEP WITHOUT AREA SEPARATION

The angle is incremented inthe small system so that thefrequency is incremented.


37/54


OUT-OF-STEP WITHOUT AREA SEPARATION

Voltage and current rms

And power during an out-of-step condition


38/54


An Out-of-Step condition and the Electrical

Resynchronization in the Peruvian Power SystemThe Peruvian power system is dividedin three regions

Northern Region

Central Region

Southern Region


39/54


Region the problem

Resynchronization


40/54

PhPh h f l i O h d lih f l i O h d li


41/54


D i s p a r o1 0 / 0 9 / 2 0 0 2

0 1 : 1 0 : 4 6 P M . 7 8 7

0 . 1 0 . 2 0 .

i A / A

- 4

- 2

0

2

0 . 1 0 . 2 0 .

i B / A

- 5

0

5

0 . 1 0 . 2 0 .

i C / A

- 1 0

- 5

0

0 . 1 0 . 2 0 .

i N / A

- 7 . 5

- 5 . 0

- 2 . 5

0 . 02 . 5

0 . 1 0 . 2 0 .

v A / V

- 5 0

0

5 0

0 . 1 0 . 2 0 .

v B / V

- 5 0

0

5 0

0 . 1 0 . 2 0 .

v C / V

- 5 0

0

5 0

PhasePhase--toto--phase fault in an Overhead linephase fault in an Overhead line

Trip in Tintayaafter 71 ms

Phase to phase fault

Trip in Callalliafter 170 ms


42/54


Configuration of the system after the faultConfiguration of the system after the fault

SE CALLALLI

SE TINTAYA

CH MACHUPICCHU

SE TAMBURCO(ABANCAY)

SE AYAVIRI

GMALCO

SULZER

SE DOLORESPATA

SE TOTORANIPUNO

SE MOQUEGUA

SE JULIACA

SE AZANGARO

CH SAN GABN

SE COMBAPATASE CACHIMAYO

L-1012

L-1011

L-1010L-1013

L-1009

L-1006

L-1005

L-1004L-1003

L-1002

L-1001

L-1007

L-1008 L-1020

L-2030

CT TAPARACHI

CT BELLAVISTA

PUNO

IN-2428IN-2436

IN-6174

52-PUN-101252-JUL-1012

52-JUL-1011

52-AZA-1011

52-AZA-1010

52-AZA-1009

HCB-1075HCB-1074

52-AZA-100652-TIN-1006

52-TIN-1008

52-CAL-1008

52-CAL-1020

52-QUE-1005

SE QUENCORO

52-TIN-1005

52-QUE-1004

52-QUE-1002

Barra 1 Barra 2

Radial configuration

SEIN


43/54


OUTOUT--OFOF--STEPSTEP

SE CALLALLI

SE TINTAYA

CH MACHUPICCHU


SE AYAVIRI

GMALCO

SULZER

SE DOLORESPATA

SE TOTORANIPUNO

SE MOQUEGUA

SE JULIACA

SE AZANGARO

CH SAN GABN


L-1012

L-1011

L-1010L-1013

L-1009

L-1006

L-1005

L-1004L-1003

L-1002

L-1001

L-1007

L-1008 L-1020

L-2030

CT TAPARACHI

CT BELLAVISTA

PUNO

IN-2428IN-2436

IN-6174

52-PUN-101252-JUL-1012

IN-52-1011

52-AZA-1011

52-AZA-1010

52-AZA-1009

HCB-1075HCB-1074

52-AZA-100652-TIN-1006

52-TIN-1008

52-CAL-1008

52-CAL-1020

52-QUE-1005

SE QUENCORO

52-TIN-1005

52-QUE-1004

52-QUE-1002

Barra 1 Barra 2

Overload of the lines and power swings

SEIN

O tO t ff t ditit diti


44/54


SE CALLALLI

SE TINTAYA

CH MACHUPICCHU


SE AYAVIRI

GMALCO

SULZER

SE DOLORESPATA

SE TOTORANIPUNO

SE MOQUEGUA

SE JULIACA

SE AZANGARO

CH SAN GABN


L-1012

L-1011

L-1010L-1013

L-1009

L-1006

L-1005

L-1004L-1003

L-1002

L-1001

L-1007

L-1008 L-1020

L-2030

CT TAPARACHI

CT BELLAVISTA

PUNO

IN-2428IN-2436

IN-6174

52-PUN-101252-JUL-1012

52-JUL-1011

52-AZA-1011

52-AZA-1010

52-AZA-1009

HCB-1075HCB-1074

52-AZA-100652-TIN-1006

52-TIN-1008

52-CAL-1008

52-CAL-1020

52-QUE-1005

SE QUENCORO

52-TIN-1005

52-QUE-1004

52-QUE-1002

Barra 1 Barra 2

Digital Fault Recorder

SEIN

OutOut--ofof--step conditionstep condition

OUTOUT OFOF STEPSTEP


45/54


Disparo

10/09/2002

01:09:06 PM.380

t/s0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1 2

channel 2 R/Volt

-10

0

10

t/s0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1 2

channel 3 R/Volt

-10

0

10

t/s0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1 2

channel 4 R/Volt

-10

0

10

t/s0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1 2

channel 6 R/Volt

-50

0

t/s0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1 2

channel 7 R/Volt

-50

0

t/s0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1 2

channel 8 R/Volt

-50

0

OUTOUT--OFOF--STEPSTEP

5.18 Hz3..0 Hz

4.9 Hz2.18 Hz

The oscil lations after the L-1008 trip, record of the L-2030

OUTOUT OFOF STEP AND RESYNCRONIZATIONSTEP AND RESYNCRONIZATION


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D i s p a r o

1 0 /0 9 /2 0 0 2

0 1 :0 9 :0 6 P M .3 8 0

t/ s5 1 0 1 5 2 0 2 5 3 0 3 5 4 0 4 5 5 0 5 5

c h a n n e l 2 R /V o l t

- 1 0

0

1 0

t/ s5 1 0 1 5 2 0 2 5 3 0 3 5 4 0 4 5 5 0 5 5


- 1 0

0

1 0

t/ s5 1 0 1 5 2 0 2 5 3 0 3 5 4 0 4 5 5 0 5 5


- 1 0

0

1 0

t/ s5 1 0 1 5 2 0 2 5 3 0 3 5 4 0 4 5 5 0 5 5


- 5 0

0

t/ s5 1 0 1 5 2 0 2 5 3 0 3 5 4 0 4 5 5 0 5 5


- 5 0

0

t/ s5 1 0 1 5 2 0 2 5 3 0 3 5 4 0 4 5 5 0 5 5


- 5 0

0

t/ s0 5 1 0 1 5 2 0 2 5 3 0 3 5 4 0 4 5 5 0 5 5

c h a n n e l 1 6

c h a n n e l 1 5

c h a n n e l 1 4

c h a n n e l 1 3

c h a n n e l 1 2

c h a n n e l 1 1

c h a n n e l 1 0

c h a n n e l 9

c h a n n e l 8

c h a n n e l 7

c h a n n e l 6

c h a n n e l 5c h a n n e l 4

c h a n n e l 3

c h a n n e l 2

c h a n n e l 1

OUTOUT--OFOF--STEP AND RESYNCRONIZATIONSTEP AND RESYNCRONIZATION

After 62 sec, and some generation shedding, both system were electrically connected

62 seconds

The resynchronizationThe resynchronization


47/54


t/s52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61

channel 2 R/Volt

-10

0

10

t/s52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61

channel 3 R/Volt

-10

0

10

t/s52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61

channel 4 R/Volt

-10

0

10

t/s52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61

channel 6 R/Volt

-50

0

t/s52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61

channel 7 R/Volt

-50

0

t/s52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61

channel 8 R/Volt

-50

0

2.4 Hz 1.5 Hz 1.2 Hz 1.8 Hz

The last seconds of the event

The resynchronizationThe resynchronization

FREQUENCIES IN BOTH SYSTEMSFREQUENCIES IN BOTH SYSTEMS


48/54


SYSTEM FREQUENCIESFault in the L-1008

time : 13:09 h

58.90

59.40

59.90

60.40

60.90

61.40

61.90

62.40

62.90

63.40

63.90

64.40

64.90

13:07:00

13:07:10

13:07:20

13:07:30

13:07:40

13:07:50

13:08:00

13:08:10

13:08:20

13:08:30

13:08:40

13:08:50

13:09:00

13:09:10

13:09:20

13:09:30

13:09:40

13:09:50

13:10:00

13:10:10

13:10:20

13:10:30

13:10:40

13:10:50

13:11:00

13:11:10

13:11:20

13:11:30

13:11:40

13:11:50

13:12:00

Time (s)

Frequ

ency

(Hz)

Frequency of thesoutheastern region

Frequency inthe NationalGrid (SEIN)

FREQUENCIES IN BOTH SYSTEMSFREQUENCIES IN BOTH SYSTEMS

PRDIDA DE SINCRONISMOPRDIDA DE SINCRONISMO


49/54


DEL REA SURDEL REA SUR--ESTEESTE

FRECUENCIAS EN EL SISTEMAFalla en la Lnea Tintaya-Callalli (L-1008)

09-Oct-02 Hora : 13:09 h

58.90

59.40

59.90

60.40

60.90

61.40

61.90

62.40

62.90

63.40

63.90

64.40

64.90

13:07:00

13:07:10

13:07:20

13:07:30

13:07:40

13:07:50

13:08:00

13:08:10

13:08:20

13:08:30

13:08:40

13:08:50

13:09:00

13:09:10

13:09:20

13:09:30

13:09:40

13:09:50

13:10:00

13:10:10

13:10:20

13:10:30

13:10:40

13:10:50

13:11:00

13:11:10

13:11:20

13:11:30

13:11:40

13:11:50

13:12:00

Tiempo (s)

Frecuencia

(Hz)

Over frequency inthe southeasternarea

SEIN with under frequency

62 segundos

Trip of generation

Load shedding

Trip of generation

T T TVOLTAGES DURING THE OUT OF TSTEP


50/54


VOLTAGES DURING THE OUTVOLTAGES DURING THE OUT--OFOF--STEPSTEPBETWEEN TINTAYA_138kVBETWEEN TINTAYA_138kV MOQUEGUA_220kVMOQUEGUA_220kV

SE CALLALLI

SE TINTAYA

CH MACHUPICCHU


SE AYAVIRI

GMALCO

SULZER

SE DOLORESPATA

SE TOTORANIPUNO

SE MOQUEGUA

SE JULIACA

SE AZANGARO

CH SAN GABN


L-1012

L-1011

L-1010L-1013

L-1009

L-1006

L-1005

L-1004L-1003

L-1002

L-1001

L-1007

L-1008 L-1020

L-2030

CT TAPARACHI

CT BELLAVISTA

PUNO

IN-2428IN-2436

IN-6174

52-PUN-101252-JUL-1012

52-JUL-1011

52-AZA-1011

52-AZA-1010

52-AZA-1009

HCB-1075HCB-1074

52-AZA-100652-TIN-1006

52-TIN-1008

52-CAL-1008

52-CAL-1020

52-QUE-1005

SE QUENCORO

52-TIN-1005

52-QUE-1004

52-QUE-1002

Barra 1 Barra 2

VOLTAGES RECORDED

SEIN


51/54


t/s9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 9.7 9.8 9.9

K2:Va a_1/kV

-100

-50

0

50

100

8 R/Volt

-75

-50

-25

0

25

50

t/s9.050 9.075 9.100 9.125 9.150 9.175 9.200 9.225 9.250 9.275 9.300 9.325 9.350

K2:Va a_1/k

-100

-50

0

50

100

R/Volt

-75

-50

-25

0

25

50

Voltage in MoqueguaVoltage in Tintaya

VOLTAGES DURING THE OUTVOLTAGES DURING THE OUT--OFOF--STEP CONDITIONSTEP CONDITION

FRECUENCIAS EN EL SISTEMAFalla en la Lnea Tintaya-Callalli (L-1008)

SEIN


52/54


09-Oct-02 Hora : 13:09 h

58.90

59.40

59.90

60.40

60.90

61.40

61.90

62.40

62.90

63.40

63.90

64.40

64.90

13:07

:00

13:07

:10

13:07

:20

13:07

:30

13:07

:40

13:07

:50

13:08

:00

13:08

:10

13:08

:20

13:08

:30

13:08

:40

13:08

:50

13:09

:00

13:09

:10

13:09

:20

13:09

:30

13:09

:40

13:09

:50

13:10

:00

13:10

:10

13:10

:20

13:10

:30

13:10

:40

13:10

:50

13:11

:00

13:11

:10

13:11

:20

13:11

:30

13:11

:40

13:11

:50

13:12

:00

Tiempo (s)

Frecuencia

(Hz)

Frecuencia delArea Sur-Este

Frecuencia del SEIN

SEINVOLTAGEFREQUENCYANGLE

FREQUENCY STABILITY


53/54


CONCLUSIONS

1. The weak interconnection are exposed to out-of-step conditions2. When we have an out-of-step condition, the system must be separated in

order to protect the system. The point of separation must be evaluatedcarefully.

3. It is possible to recover stability after an out-of-step condition

(resynchronization), but this condition is dangerous for the machines andthe system

4. The Digital Fault Recorders are a important tool for power systemanalysis.


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