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Analele ştiinţifice ale Universităţii “Al. I. Cuza” IaşiTomul LIII, s. II a. Biologie vegetală, 2007

HYPHOLOMA MYOSOTIS (FR.) M. LANGE (BASIDIOMYCOTA, FUNGI) THEFIRST RECORD IN ROMANIA

C. V. CHINAN, C. TĂNASE

Abstract. Hypholoma myosotis (Fr.) M. Lange is a saprophytic species rarely spread in the oligotrophicpeat bogs on the territory of Europe and North America. The species is being signaled for the first time onthe territory of Romania in the oligotrophic peat bog at Panaci (Dornelor Depression, EasternCarpathians). This paper also presents aspects regarding the morphology and ecology of the species.Key words: Hypholoma myosotis, oligotrophic peat bog, Panaci

Introduction

The genus Hypholoma belongs to the basidiomycete family Strophariaceae andincludes, alongside other lignicolous species, some other representatives found inoligotrophic peat bogs, where they develop as saprophytes on Sphagnum remains(Hypholoma elongatum (Pers.) Ricken) and on peaty soils (Hypholoma myosotis (Fr.) M.Lange, Hypholoma udum (Pers.) Kühner).

The Species Hypholoma elongatum and Hypholoma udum are widely spread, whileHypholoma myosotis is quite rare in the oligotrophic peat bogs from Europe and NorthAmerica [1]

Material and Method

The specimens were collected from peaty substrata. Herbarium samples wereprepared in a dryer and included in the Herbarium collection of the Faculty of Biology -„Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi [I 129713].

The photographs were taken in the field with a digital photo camera.The morphological characterization of Hypholoma myosotis has been defined

through description and measurement of microscopic (basidia, basidiospores, cheilocistidia,pleurocystidia) and macroscopic (cap, gills, stem) structures. Microscopic features aredescribed from material mounted in Amman lactophenol.

Our results were compared with the species description from the specialty literature.The systematic classification of Hypholoma myosotis is specified after Kirk and

collaborators [4].

Macroscopic and Microscopic Description

Hypholoma myosotis (Fr.) M. Lange Meddr Grønland, Biosc. 148: 64 (1955)

“Al. I. Cuza” University, Faculty of Biology, B-dul Carol I no 11, 700505 Iaşi, Romania

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Synonymy: Agaricus myosotis Fr.; Dryophila myosotis (Fr.) Kühner & Romagn.;Flammula myosotis (Fr.) Singer; Hemipholiota myosotis (Fr.) Bon; Naucoria myosotis (Fr.)P. Kumm.; Naucoria myosotis f. minor J.E. Lange; Nematoloma myosotis (Fr.) A.H. Sm.;Nematoloma myosotis var. lapponicum (Fr.) Singer; Phaeonematoloma myosotis (Fr.) Bon;Pholiota myosotis (Fr.) Singer [5].

The cap has a diameter of 10 – 30 (40) mm, is convex at the margins, then slightlyupraised and umbonate at the center. The surface is hydrophane, smooth (slightly striated),viscous on humid weather, brown to reddish – brown with olive reflexes. The cap marginpresents fine velum remains (Photo 1).

The gills are adnate emarginated, initially cream – colored, subsequently turningbrown to reddish brown, with a whitish and denticulate edge (Photo 2).

The stem has a dimension of 50 – 80 (150) x 2 – 4 mm, is cylindrical, fistulous, witha slightly broadened tip. The surface is brownish, growing darker towards the base. Theupper half of the stem displays fine fibrilous velum remains.

The basidiospores are ovoid to ellipsoidal, smooth, ochre – yellowish, having adimension of 13.6-18.4 x 7.9-10.6μ, with thickened walls and are provided with agerminative pore. The spore print is brown-reddish.

Basidia are cylindrical, pedunculated, 28 – 35 x 10 – 13 μ, tetrasporic, curled.Cheilocystides are cylindrical, sinuous, 35 – 55 x 6 – 10 μ. Pleurocystidia (present as

chrysocystidia) are fusiform, ventriculous, 35 – 50 x 8 – 17 μ (Figure 1).The specimens analyzed by the authors confirm the morphological description in the

specialty literature [1, 3].

Discussions

Hypholoma myosotis is a saprophytic species which grows on acid peaty substrata,isolated or in groups in the summer – autumn period, in open oligotrophic peat bogs withbirch trees.

In Romania, Hypholoma myosotis has been found for the first time, and identified bythe authors in October 2005, during field – investigations carried out in the oligotrophicpeat bogs from the mountainous area of Suceava County.

The oligotrophic peat bog where the species Hypholoma myosotis was identified islocated within the locality limits of Panaci (Dornelor Depression, Eastern Carpathians), atthe intersection of the 47°14'31'' parallel N latitude and the 25°23'12'' meridian S longitude,at an altitude of 926 m. The peat bog has a surface of 0.5 hectares, is situated on privateproperty, and is crossed by drainage canals (Photo 3).

P. A. Moreau mentions the fact that this species grows in degraded oligotrophic peatbogs, where the peat layer was perturbed by natural or anthropic causes.

In the Panaci site, Hypholoma myosotis forms basidiocarps groups especially on thepeat in the drainage canals area (on the walls there or in the neighboring area), where thesubstrata was rummaged through excavation actions. The existence of these drainage canalsconstitutes a favorable environment for the development of this species.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. BREITENBACH J., KRÄNZLIN F. 1995. Champinions de Suisse, Tome 4 Champinions à lames2ème partie. Lucerne, Ed. Mykologia: 324

2. MOREAU P. A. 2002. Analyse écologique et patrimoniale des champignons supérieurs dans lestourbières des Alpes du Nord, http://www.leca.univ-voie.fr/tmp/Publi/Whole/These_PAM.pdf

3. ROUX P. 2006. Mille et un champinions, Edition Roux - Sainte Sigolène – France: 8764. ŞESAN Eugenia Tatiana, TĂNASE C. 2006. Mycobiota. Sisteme de clasificare. Iaşi, Ed.

Universităţii „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”: 1955. * * *http:// www.indexfungorum.org

Photo 1 – Hypholoma myosotis (Fr.) M. Lange (macroscopic aspect)

d

a

b c

Figure 1 – Hypholoma myosotis (Fr.) M. Lange:a – basidium; b – basidiospores; c – cheilocistidia; d – chrysocystidia

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Photo 2 – Hypholoma myosotis (Fr.) M. Lange (gills detail)

Photo 3 –Habitat of Hypholoma myosotis in Panaci peat bog