AN3162, 434 MHz Wireless Triple Axis Accelerometer Reference

AN3162Rev 0, 02/2007

Freescale Semiconductor Application Note

434 MHz Wireless Triple Axis Accelerometer Reference DesignESTARby: Petr Gargulák and Pavel Laj�ner

Ro�nov Czech System Center Czech Republic

The 434 MHz Wireless Triple Axis Accelerometer Reference Design (ESTAR) is a wireless successor of the popular STAR board described in AN3112 (part of RD3112MMA7260Q). It�s a new generation demonstration tool that is designed to allow visualization of key accelerometer applications in the consumer industry through the low-cost 433.92 MHz wireless solution application.

The ESTAR is a two-board application where a MMA7260QT triple axis accelerometer is controlled by an 8-bit MCU, MC9S08QG8, connected via a wireless link to a computer. The computer-side board (USB stick) resides in the PC�s USB slot. For the USB communication, a full speed USB 2.0 8-bit microcontroller, MCHC908JW32, is employed. Both sides contain the Freescale transceiver MC33696.

Table of Contents1 Application Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2

1.1 Featured Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21.1.1 Triple Axis Accelerometer MMA7260QT . . . . . .21.1.2 Microcontroller MC9S08QG8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21.1.3 MC33696 ISM Bands Low Power Transceiver . .21.1.4 Microcontroller MCHC908JW32 . . . . . . . . . . . . .3

2 ESTAR Reference Boards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33 Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5

3.1 PC Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66 Appendix A - ESTAR Board Schematics, PCBs and Plastic Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7

Figure 1. ESTAR Design Overview (boards are not in scale)

S08QG8

MC33696

MMA7260QT

MC33696

HC908JW32

© Freescale Semiconductor, Inc., 2007. All rights reserved.

This document contains information on a new product. Specifications and information herein are subject to change without notice.

1 APPLICATION FEATURESFeatures of the 434 MHz Wireless Triple Axis

Accelerometer Reference Design include:� Sensing of acceleration in 3 axes across four ranges

(0-1.5 g, 2 g, 4 g and 6 g)� Wireless communication of sensor data through 433.92 MHz� Typical wireless range of 20 m, two walls or one floor� Data rate of 19200 kb/s, half duplex� USB communication of the receiver part

� Virtual serial port class - interface for GUI and terminal� HID class - mouse for windows

� 2 push buttons which provide:� wake-up function� user functions, mouse buttons for HID class

� Current consumption� in normal run mode: 4.5 - 5.5 mA depending on battery

voltage� in sleep mode: less than 4.5 µA

� Support low power mode for all parts� Sensor Board powered by a coin-sized CR2032 battery

8-bit/16-bit working modes

1.1 Featured ProductsThis demo consists of several Freescale products whose

main features are listed below.

1.1.1 Triple Axis Accelerometer MMA7260QTThe ESTAR board is a demonstration tool for the

MMA7260QT, a 3-Axes low-g accelerometer. The MMA7260QT has many unique features that make it an ideal solution for many consumer applications, such as freefall protection for laptops and MP3 players, tilt detection for e-compass compensation and mobile phone scrolling, motion detection for handheld games and game controllers, position sensing for g-mice, shock detection for warranty monitors, and vibration for out of balance detection.

Features such as low power, low current, and a sleep mode with a quick turn on time, allow the battery life to be extended in end use applications. The 3-axes sensing in a small QFN package requires only a 6 mm x 6 mm board space, with a profile of 1.45 mm, allowing for easy integration into many small handheld electronics.

There are several other derivatives of the MMA7260QT, including:

MMA7261QT with a selectable 2.5 g to 10 g rangeMMA6270QT is an XY dual axes accelerometerMMA6280QT is an XZ dual axes accelerometer

All members of this sensor family are footprint (QFN package) compatible which simplifies evaluation and design of the target application.

1.1.2 Microcontroller MC9S08QG8The MC9S08QG8 is a highly integrated member of

Freescale�s 8-bit family of microcontrollers based on the high-performance, low-power consumption HCS08 core. Integrating features normally found in larger, more expensive components, the MC9S08QG8 MCU includes a background

debugging system and on-chip in-circuit emulation (ICE) with real-time bus capture, providing a single-wire debugging and emulation interface. It also features a programmable 16-bit timer / pulse-width modulation (PWM) module (TPM), that is one of the most flexible and cost-effective of its kind.

The compact, tightly integrated MC9S08QG8 delivers a versatile combination from a wealth of Freescale peripherals and the advanced features of the HCS08 core, including extended battery life with a maximum performance down to 1.8 V, industry-leading Flash and innovative development support. The MC9S08QG8 is an excellent solution for power and size-sensitive applications, such as wireless communications and handheld devices, small appliances, Simple Media Access Controller (SMAC)-based applications, and toys.

MC9S08QG8 Features� Up to 20 MHz operating frequencies at >2.1 volts, and 16

MHz at <2.1 volts � 8 K Flash and 512 bytes RAM � Support for up to 32 interrupt/reset sources � 8-bit modulo timer module with an 8-bit prescaler � Enhanced 8-channel, 10-bit analog-to-digital converter

(ADC) � Analog comparator module � Three communication interfaces: SCI, SPI and IIC

1.1.3 MC33696 ISM Bands Low Power TransceiverThe MC33696 is a highly integrated transceiver designed for

low-voltage applications. It includes a programmable PLL for multi-channel applications, an RSSI circuit, a strobe oscillator that periodically wakes up the receiver while a data manager checks the content of incoming messages. A configuration switching feature allows automatic configuration changes between two programmable settings with no need for an MCU.

MC33696 Features� 304 MHz, 315 MHz, 426 MHz, 434 MHz, 868 MHz, and

915 MHz ISM bands� OOK and FSK transmission and reception� 20 kbps maximum data rate using Manchester coding� 2.1 V to 3.6 V or 5 V supply voltage� Programmable via SPI� 6-kHz PLL frequency step� Current consumption:

� 13.5 mA in TX mode� 9.2 mA in RX mode� Less then 1 mA in RX mode with strobe ratio = 1/10� 250 nA standby and 25 µA off currents

� Configuration switching � allows fast switching of two register banks

� Receiver includes:� sensitivity of -104 dBm� Digital and analog RSSI (Received Signal Strength

Indicator)� Automatic walk-up function (strobe oscillator)� Embedded data processor with programmable word

recognition

AN3162

Sensors 2 Freescale Semiconductor

� Image cancelling mixer� 380-kHz IF filter bandwidth� Fast walk-up time

� Transmitter includes:� 7 dBm output power� Programmable output power� FSK done by PLL programming

1.1.4 Microcontroller MCHC908JW32The MCHC908JW32 is a member of the low-cost, high-

performance M68HC08 Family of 8-bit microcontroller units (MCU�s). All MCU�s in the family use the enhanced M68HC08 central processor unit (CPU08) and are available in a variety of modules, memory sizes and types, and package types.

MCHC908JW32 Features� Maximum internal bus frequency: 8 MHz at 3.5-5 V

operating voltage � Oscillators:

� 4-MHz crystal oscillator clock input with a 32-MHz internal phase-lock loop

� Internal 88-kHz RC oscillator for timebase wakeup � 32,768-bytes user program FLASH memory with security

feature � 1,024 bytes of on-chip RAM � 29 general-purpose Input/Output (I/O) ports� 8 keyboard interrupt with internal pull-up

� 3 pins with direct LED drive� 2 pins with 10 mA current drive for PS/2 connection

� 16-bit, 2-channel Timer Interface Module (TIM) with selectable input capture, output compare, PWM capability on each channel, and external clock input option

� Timebase module� PS/2 clock generator module� Serial Peripheral Interface module (SPI) � Universal Serial Bus (USB) 2.0 Full Speed functions:

� 12 Mbps data rate � Endpoint 0 with an 8-byte transmit buffer and an 8-byte

receive buffer � 64-byte endpoint buffer to share amongst endpoints

1 - 4

2 ESTAR REFERENCE BOARDSThe goal of the ESTAR design is to provide a small portable

board with the capability to demonstrate and evaluate various accelerometer applications that accommodate the low-cost low-power wireless connection. Many design considerations were taken into account to offer a small and versatile tool. The Sensor Board is shaped like a ring with a diameter of 35 mm or 1.37 inches. It includes electronic components with a PCB 433.92 MHz antenna, a CR2032 Lithium battery holder, and the two push buttons. The sensor board is designed to fit into a small ring plastic box. The USB stick has 52 x 26 mm board size, the same RF antenna, one push button and USB type �A� plug.

Table 1 and Table 2 provide a brief description of the components on the ESTAR boards. Figure 2 and Figure 3 show the location of the key components on the boards.

Table 1. Components On The ESTAR Sensor Board

Component Component FunctionMMA7260QT 3-axes accelerometer part gives vibration and inertial readings to the board

MC9S08QG8 8-bit microprocessor on the sensor board, contains the SMAC stack, can be reprogrammed on-board over the BDM (Background Debug Interface)

MC33696 433.92 MHz Low-Power RF transceiver used for wireless transmission

Q1 Crystal 24.0 MHz crystal that accompanies MC33696 transceiver

B1 and B2 Push Buttons

The push buttons are used when the wireless mouse demonstration is active; they act as left and right mouse buttons.

D1 and D2 Status LEDs These LEDs provide the user feedback about the sensor board status, transceiver or sleep mode activity

PCB Antenna Small footprint antenna for wireless transmission.

CR2032 Lithium Battery Holder

Provides the power for the sensor board (on bottom side of the sensor board).

AN3162

Sensors Freescale Semiconductor 3

Figure 2. ESTAR Sensor Board View

Figure 3. ESTAR USB Stick Board View

Table 2. Components On the ESTAR USB Stick Board

Component Component functionMCHC908JW32 8-bit microprocessor on the USB stick board; contains the SMAC stack and USB driver software. Its

main job is bridging the received data from sensor board to the USB. Can be reprogrammed over USB port.

MC33696 433.92 MHz Low-Power RF transceiver used for wireless transmission

Q1 Crystal 24.0 MHz crystal that accompanies MC33696 transceiver

Q2 Crystal Q2 is the 6.0 MHz frequency reference for MCHC908JW32 MCU

B1 Push Button The push button is used to change the operation mode of the USB stick (towards PC).

D1, D2 and D3 Status LEDs

These LEDs provide the user feedback about the USB stick board status, transceiver and USB activity

PCB Antenna Small footprint antenna for wireless transmission.

J1 USB type �A� plug Provides the USB data connection and power from USB slot

MC33696 B1 and B2 Buttons

CR2032 Battery Holder and MC9S08QG8on opposite side

Q1 Crystal

MMA7260QT

LED

433.92 MHz loop antenna

MC68HC908JW32 433.92 MHz loop antennaUSB type �A� plug Status LEDs

B1 mode button

MC33696

U3 Voltage regulator and Q1,Q2 crystal on the opposite side

AN3162


3 SOFTWAREThis reference design contains two pieces of software: one

in the sensor board and a second one in the USB stick. The software in the sensor board runs in the MCU

(MC9S08QG8). It collects sensor data from the MMA7260QT accelerometer, creates a data packet, and sends it over the echo driver using the MC33696 RF transceiver.

The sensor data are measured over three channels of an Analog-to-Digital converter, while another GPIO pin controls the sleep mode of the MMA7260QT accelerometer to conserve power.

A Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI), two GPIO pins, and one 16-bit timer are used for communication with the MC33696.

The overall application is powered from a coin-sized CR2032 Lithium battery that is located on the bottom side of the board. The overall average current consumption is below 5.7 mA with 16 data transmissions per second rate. This allows approximately 2 days of continuous operation at this real-time data rate.

The simple ESTAR RF protocol also transfers the calibration data. These data are stored in non-volatile Flash memory and are transferred on request.

The software and hardware interfacing is shown in Figure 4.

Figure 4. ESTAR Sensor Board Software Overview

The second piece of software is contained in the USB stick board and its job is to create a �bridge� between the RF link and the USB connection. The sensor and keyboard data are received from the sensor board and stored in the USB stick RAM memory. Another independent process is the USB protocol communication. The USB specifications define several ways of transferring data between the USB peripheral and the PC (called �profiles� or classes). In this demo two classes are demonstrated:� serial communication class (�virtual serial port�)� HID (Human Interface Device) class

MicrosoftTM Windows 2000 and Windows XP operating systems contain, by default, a driver support for these classes which makes this solution simple for demonstration purposes.

If the serial communication (virtual serial port) is demonstrated, the accelerometric data are available through simple serial protocol compatible with the STAR demo. Thus, most of the RD3112MMA7260QSW is usable also for data visualization.

On the other hand, if the HID class is demonstrated, the ESTAR demo behaves as a mouse. By tilting the sensor board, the mouse cursor movement can be controlled.

The software and hardware interfacing is shown in Figure 5.

Figure 5. ESTAR USB Stick Software Overview

MC33696MMA7260QT

Sensor data

Analog-to-Digital converter(ADC) module

MC9S08QG8

ESTAR RF protocol handler

sleep

GPIO

software calibration data

Echo driver

SPI module TIMmodule

seb

confb

low-level USB protocol driver

Sensor & Button data

SPI module

USB connection to PC

USB protocol handlerESTAR RF protocol handler

MC68HC908JW32

USB 2.0 Full Speed module

�virtual serial port� or mouse

software

Echo driver

TIM module

MC33696

GPIO

AN3162


3.1 PC ApplicationThe PC application was designed for demonstration

purposes. This application uses the �virtual serial port� class running on the USB stick.

Figure 6. Demo Application RD3152MMA7260QTSW

4 SUMMARYTo provide multi-axis sensing using an XYZ-axis low-g

acceleration sensor, Freescale combines the MMA7260QT, offering selectable g-ranges of 1.5 g/2 g/4 g/6 g, with the versatile MC9S08QG8 8-bit microcontroller.

The MC33696, for use in wireless applications, is a low-cost and low-power transceiver for free ISM band under 1GHz. The MC33696 requires only a few additional external components to be the best choice for use in similar applications.

The USB 2.0, with the 8-bit MCHC908JW32 full speed chip, offers plug and play benefits.

RD3162MMA7260Q demonstrates:� Consumer and industrial wireless sensing applications� Accelerometer: MMA7260QT

(MMA7261QT/MMA6270QT/MMA6271QT/MMA6280QT/ MMA6281QT) � Package: Quad Flat No-Lead (QFN) 6 mm x 6 mm x

1.45 mm� Power: Low Voltage 2.2 V to 3.6 V� Low power consumption: 500 µA (3 µA in standby

mode)

� Selective g range:� 1.5 g, 2 g, 4 g, 6 g

(MMA7260QT/MMA6270QT/MMA6280QT)� 2.5 g, 3.3 g, 6.7 g, 10 g

(MMA7261QT/MMA6271QT/MMA6281QT)� Response time: 1 ms

For more detailed information, refer to the Reference design manual (RD3162).

5 REFERENCESAN3112 Using the Sensing Triple Axis Reference Board (STAR) AN1986 Using the TRIAX Evaluation Board AN3107 Measuring Tilt with Low-g Accelerometers AN3109 Using the MMA7260Q Evaluation Board AN1611 Impact and Tilt Measurement Using Accelerometer AN2961 Echo DriverRD3162 ESTAR Reference Design ManualAN2953 EchoRemote - Evaluation Software For WindowsAN2295 Developer's Serial Bootloader for M68HC08 and HCS08 MCU

AN3162


6 APPENDIX A - ESTAR BOARD SCHEMATICS, PCBS AND PLASTIC BOX

Figure 7. Photo of Complete ESTAR Demo

AN3162


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AN3162


Figure 9. Layers of the Sensor Board (all views are from top side)

Top

Bottom

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φ34.

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AN3162


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nH

L1

82

nH

C13

10

0p

C13

10

0p

C4

10

0n

FC

41

00

nF

R2

33

RR

23

3R

R5

18

0R

51

80

C1

11

00

nC

11

10

0n

C2

2

3.3

pF

C2

2

3.3

pF

CO

NF

BC

ON

FB

1

C7

10

0n

F

C7

10

0n

FECHO+

U1

MC

33

69

6ECHO+

U1

MC

33

69

6

RS

SIO

UT

1

VC

C2

RF

2

RF

IN3

GN

DL

NA

4

VC

C2

VC

O5

GN

DP

A1

6

RF

OU

T7

GN

DP

A2

8

XTALIN9

XTALOUT10

VCCINOUT11

VCC2OUT12

VCCDIG13

VCCDIG214

RBGAP15

GND16G

ND

DIG

17

RS

SIC

18

DA

TA

CL

K1

9

CO

NF

B2

0

MIS

O2

1

MO

SI

22

SC

LK

23

SE

B2

4

GNDIO25

VCCIN26

LVD27

STROBE28

GNDSUBD29

VCC2IN30

SWITCH31

GND32

R7

1MR7

1M

J2

Se

ria

l

J2

Se

ria

l

12

34 6

5

C1

41

00

pF

C1

41

00

pF

SE

BS

EB

1

R8

47

0K

- 1

%R

84

70

K -

1%

C2

10

0p

FC

21

00

pF

D2

LE

D

D2

LE

D

C1

21

nF

5%

C1

21

nF

5%

C1

51

00

pF

C1

51

00

pF

L315nHL315nH

R3

18

0R

31

80

R1

33

RR

13

3R

RS

SIC

RS

SIC 1

Q1

NX

32

25

GA

24

MH

zQ

1N

X3

22

5G

A 2

4M

Hz

12

43

U2

MC

68

HC

90

8JW

32

FC

U2

MC

68

HC

90

8JW

32

FC

PT

A0

/KB

A0

1

NC

2

NC

3

PT

C1

/TC

LK

14

PT

C3

5

PT

B5

6

PT

C0

/T1

CH

07

PT

E7

/SS

8P

TE

6/M

ISO

9P

TE

5/M

OS

I1

0P

TE

4/S

PC

LK

11

NC

12

PT

D0

13

PT

D1

14

PT

D2

15

PT

D3

16

PT

D4

17

PT

D5

18

PT

D6

19

NC

21

PT

D7

22

NC

23

NC

24

OS

C1

25

OS

C2

26

PT

B0

27

PT

B1

28

VSS3329

PT

E2

/PS

2C

LK

/D+

30

PT

E3

/D-

31

REG33V32

VSSPLL33

CG

MX

FC

34

VDDPLL35

PT

A7

/KB

A7

36

RE

SE

T3

7

IRQ

38

PT

A6

/KB

A6

39

PT

A5

/KB

A5

40

PT

C2

/T1

CH

14

1

VDD42

REG25V43

VSS44

PT

A4

/KB

A4

45

PT

A3

/KB

A3

46

PT

A2

/KB

A2

47

PT

A1

/KB

A1

48

NC

20

EPGND100

EPGND101

EPGND102

EPGND103

EPGND104

EPGND105

EPGND106

EPGND107

EPGND108

C1

10

nF

C1

10

nF

D3

LE

D

D3

LE

D

C9

10

0n

F

C9

10

0n

F

C23

1n

FC

23

1n

F

DA

TA

CL

KD

AT

AC

LK

1

C1

71

nF

C1

71

nF

AN3162


Figure 11. Layers of the USB Stick Board (all views are from top side)

Copper

Top

Bottom

Silk Screen Solder Mask

26mm

53m

m

26mm = 1.02in53mm = 2.09in

AN3162


AN3162Rev. 002/2007

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Documents

AN3162, 434 MHz Wireless Triple Axis Accelerometer Reference