An Update on NASA’s Space-Based and Related Research Activities Michael J. Kurylo – UMBC / GEST...
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An Update on NASA’s Space-Based and Related Research Activities Michael J. Kurylo – UMBC / GEST Kenneth W. Jucks – NASA HQ Ernest W. Hilsenrath – UMBC / JCET & NASA HQ WCRP SPARC Scientific Steering Group 17 th Session Kyoto, Japan 26-30 October 2009 1
An Update on NASA’s Space-Based and Related Research Activities Michael J. Kurylo – UMBC / GEST Kenneth W. Jucks – NASA HQ Ernest W. Hilsenrath – UMBC
An Update on NASAs Space-Based and Related Research Activities
Michael J. Kurylo UMBC / GEST Kenneth W. Jucks NASA HQ Ernest W.
Hilsenrath UMBC / JCET & NASA HQ WCRP SPARC Scientific Steering
Group 17 th Session Kyoto, Japan 26-30 October 2009 1
Slide 2
NASAs Operating Satellites NASAs Earth Science Division
recently completed its biennial Senior Review to determine those
missions that will continue to be funded for operation beyond their
primary design life. Nearly all of NASAs Earth Science satellites
fell under this review, including Aura, CALIPSO, Aqua (i.e,
missions with some sensitivity in the UTLS). All received highly
positive ratings and the missions were extended for 2 years with a
provisional additional 2 years (pending the next senior review).
Aura presently has 3 operating instruments producing forefront
science. HIRDLS is not operating and most likely will not work
again. MLS is working nominally; a few channels no longer operate
Other channels will cease operation in time, the rate is difficult
to predict. TES is operating with a lower duty cycle to extend the
lifetime if the interferometer mechanism. OMI has an external
blockage that is affecting roughly 1/3 of its FOV. The blockage
slowly changes with time. 2
Slide 3
NASAs Operating/Forthcoming Satellites Stratospheric science
Atmospheric science NASA Missions in Formulation: OCO lost 2.23.09
NPP 12.2010 LDCM 12.2012 SMAP 2013 ICESat-II - 2014 3
Data sets encapsulating the behaviour of the Earth system are
one of the greatest technological achievements of our age and one
of the most deserving of future investment. [Nature, vol. 450, Dec.
2007, pg. 761] The MEaSUREs GOZCARDS project focuses on patching
together a stratospheric view of key chemical species (O 3, HCl,
ClO, ClO x, HF, H 2 O, CH 4, N 2 O, NO, NO 2, NO x, HNO 3, zonal
and equivalent latitude average profiles ) from the 1980s into the
current decade of global satellite observations (and beyond?). When
publicly available, this data record should lead to a better
characterization and understanding of - the changing state of the
stratosphere, as well as - improvements in global atmospheric and
climate models, including predictive capabilities. Projects under
the NASA MEaSUREs Program Making Earth Science Data Records for Use
in Research Environments
Slide 6
6 Stratospheric ProductsPlanned Satellite Datasets / Main
investigators O 3 (zonal mean time series): profiles & strat.
cols SAGE I, SAGE II, HALOE, UARS MLS, ACE-FTS, Aura MLS, POAMs
[RW, JA, LF, RF] HCl (zonal mean series)HALOE,ACE-FTS, Aura MLS
[LF, JA] ClO (zonal mean series)UARS MLS, Aura MLS [LF/MSa + B.
Connor / G. Nedoluha] ClO x (zonal mean series)UARS MLS, Aura MLS
[RS/TC + LF, MSa, RF] HNO 3 (zonal mean series)UARS MLS, ACE-FTS,
Aura MLS, Odin/SMR [LF/MSa + I. Fiorucci / G. Muscari] H 2 O (zonal
mean series)SAGE II, HALOE, UARS MLS, POAM III, ACE-FTS, Aura MLS
[JA, RW, LF, RF] N 2 O (zonal mean series)ACE-FTS, Aura MLS [LF] NO
2 (zonal mean series)SAGE II, HALOE, POAM II & III, ACE-FTS
[RW, JA, LF] NO (zonal mean series)HALOE, ACE-FTS [JA, LF] NO x
(zonal mean series)SAGE II, HALOE, POAM II & III, ACE-FTS
[RS/TC, RW, JA, LF] CH 4 (zonal mean series)HALOE, ACE-FTS [JA, LF]
HF (zonal mean series)HALOE, ACE-FTS [JA, LF] T (zonal mean
series)GMAO MERRA reanalysis [MSc, VP, GM, LF] EqL/ binned
productsAll of the above [LF, RF, GM, MSa, MSc] Co-investigators -
M. Santee (JPL) - M. Schwartz (JPL) - J. Anderson (Hmpt. U.) - R.
Wang (GA Tech) - R. Salawitch (UMCP) Collaborators - - P. Bernath
(York Univ.) - T. Canty (UMCP) - D. Cunnold (GA Tech) [Rest in
Peace] - K. Hoppel (NRL) - N. Livesey (JPL) - G. Manney (JPL) - S.
Pawson (GSFC) - J. Russell (Hmptn. U.) - I. Fiorucci, G. Muscari, -
B. Connor, G. Nedoluha - K. Walker + other JPL (RF, VP) MEaSUREs
GOZCARDS Products/Team Long-term Data Records: MEaSUREs GOZCARDS
Products & Investigators
Slide 7
Agreement between various zonal means for O 3 is generally very
good (mostly < 5%). We will provide latitudinal and vertical
dependence of offsets between datasets Such offsets can be used to
make adjustments to datasets and produce a merged product. 22 hPa
Latitude O 3 Diff. (%) Satellite Data Records for the Stratosphere:
Ozone (UMLS-SAGE2)/SAGE2 (HALOE-SAGE2)/SAGE2
(AMLS-SAGE2)/SAGE2
Slide 8
Original ozone time seriesAfter adjustments Original ozone time
seriesAfter adjustments UARS MLS O 3 data after May 1997 have been
removed. UARS MLS/HALOE ozone data can fill missing data from
SAGE-2 after Pinatubo eruption (mid-1991). HALOE, UMLS and AMLS O3
data have been adjusted offsets (relative to SAGE-2) Monthly zonal
mean ozone from SAGE-I/II, UARS-MLS, HALOE, Aura MLS Satellite Data
Records for the Stratosphere: Ozone 8
Slide 9
Existing and Planned Atmospheric Chemistry Missions ( Red =
Concern Green = Good News ) Serious gap in ozone and chemical
profile measurements from 2015 through 2029 Earliest Atm. Chem. GEO
launch is 2017. NASA last in series No LEO profiling missions
current with GEO. Ideal Constellation would be 3 GEO (103 apart + 1
LEO for UT and stratospheric profiles) Gap in aerosol profiles
(CALIPSO-like) 2016 - 2021 No stratospheric aerosols (SAGE
III-like) Continuity in global (LEO) column ozone and aerosols;
Metop, FY-3 (China), Sentinel Precursor, NPOESS, Sentinal-5, ACE
9
Slide 10
Chemical and Aerosol Sounding Satellite (CASS) Proposed joint
NASA-CSA effort Mission carries ACE-FTS and SAGE-III Scheduled to
fill gap between Aura/Envisat/SciSat-1 and GACM US Congressional
mandate to study ozone change Not in NAS Decadal Survey queue, but
explicitly wanted to avoid gap. Strongly endorsed by science
community New science capability UT/LS Hydration Lightning
contribution to UT/LS NO2 Biomass chemistry contribution to UT/LS
CO2 variability in UT/LS Variability of sub-visble clouds 10
Slide 11
CASS Status NASA SAGE III inspected in lab Preliminary payload
design Developed cost estimates Potential approval for s/c RFI CSA
Submitted requisition for FTS rebuild and improvements Submitted
requisition for spacecraft December completion expected 11
Slide 12
2009 2010 2011 2012 GloPac: Global Hawk long-range flights (30
hr capability) mainly in situ O 3, H 2 O, T, aerosols + cloud info
(lidar) + UV/Vis + GC (1) N 2 O, SF 6 ; (2) CO, H 2, CH 4 or F11,
F12, Halon-1211, Large Balloon(s) Ft. Sumner, NM Fall 2010 Recent
and Forthcoming NASA Campaigns You are here Western Pacific mission
(TC4-type) Investigate transport of short-lived gases, pollutants,
and aerosols in western tropical Pacific. Late winter and late
summer Plans/funding still TBD Earth Venture Class 1 Suborbital
campaigns - Proposals due in Nov. - Selection: Spring 2010 - 5 yr
program - re-solicited every 2 years MOHAVE 2009 H 2 O, O 3 lidars,
wave, FTIR, & sondes; TMF, CA Oct. 12-26, 2009 12 MACPEx:
Midlatitude Airborne Cirrus Properties Experiment WB-57:
cloud/aerosol science (+ H 2 O, others TBD) Houston-based, ~ May
2010
Slide 13
Longer-term Validation: Some Plans (and Issues) Future
validation studies will need to move from averaged coincidences (or
other averaged comparisons) for short time periods to a validation
of seasonal, interannual, and secular changes - whether comparing
to in situ, ground-based data, or to other satellite data Similar
plots exist for O 3, but there are many ozonesonde sites and files
(& different formats) Validation data (& data access)
issues remain for making such comparisons for a global view. -
somewhat time-consuming & problematic [for data source, format,
quality, screening issues]. Need to move from here to here (avg.
profiles or columns) (time series) H 2 O / ppmv Pressure / hPa
Costa Rica Boulder H 2 O CFH data courtesy of H. Vmel [plots from
Bill Read] L. Froidevaux, N. Livesey, and the MLS Team 13
Slide 14
Lidar -MOHAVE Campaign for Water Vapor Measurements
-Hohenpeienberg Ozone Profiling Experiment -Stratospheric
Temperature Trends: Randell, Keckhut, et al. UV/Vis -CINDI Campaign
to Validate Tropospheric NO 2 from Satellites -WMO/GAW Assessment
of DOAS/SAOZ Total Ozone -BrO Trends; Centralized BrO processing at
BIRA prior to Data Archiving FTIR -Water Vapor Measurements (1%
precision in total column; vertical profile in troposphere up to
UTLS; isotopologue distinction) -Cly / Fy Trends -Close
Coordination with TCCON Working Group on Water Vapor -Book in
progress on Ground-Based Remote Sensing and In Situ Methods for
Monitoring Atmospheric Water Vapor NDACC /GAW / IGACO Ozone Theme
Meetings -1 st meeting (2008) focused on instrument capabilities -2
nd meeting (2009) focused on ozone absorption cross sections NDACC
Activities Pertinent to SPARC Just A Few Examples
Slide 15
MOHAVE Campaign: October 2009 Measurements of Humidity in the
Atmosphere and Validation Experiments Builds on MOHAVE I and II
campaigns that primarily validated the lidar measurements
Intercomparison and validation of various instruments including
AIRS and Aura Additional Objectives Identify and quantify UT
Humidity (UTH) changes associated with transport processes in the
vicinity of the Sub-Tropical Jet Estimate the capability of the
Raman lidar in detecting such UTH changes Provide continuous water
vapor profiles from the ground to the mesosphere by combining the
measurements of the various participating instruments and
techniques Participating instruments and organizations will
include: 3 water vapor Raman lidars (JPL/Leblanc-McDermid,
GSFC/McGee and GSFC/Whiteman) [0-20 km] 15 CFH launches (JPL and
GSFC) [0-30 km] 3 NOAA Frost-point Hygrometer (FPH) launches
(NOAA/Oltmans) [0-30 km] 50 RS92 launches (JPL) [0-12 km] 2
improved microwave radiometers (NRL/Nedoluha and Univ.
Bern/Kampfer) [20-80 km] 2 ground-based GPS receivers
(GSFC/Whiteman and JPL) [column] 1 FTIR (JPL/Toon) [column] High
resolution PV forecasts and analysis MIMOSA-PV and MIMOSA-UTLS (JPL
& CNRS/France)
Slide 16
Steinbrecht et al., Atmos. Meas. Tech., 2, 125-145, 2009
Intercomparison of Stratospheric Ozone and Temperature Profiles
during the October 2005 Hohenpeienberg Ozone Profiling Experiment
(HOPE)
Slide 17
The Cabauw Intercomparison campaign of Nitrogen Dioxide
measuring Instruments June-July 2009, Cabauw, The Netherlands Main
objectives: Intercompare NO 2 measuring instruments that can be
used for validation of tropospheric NO 2 from satellites Give
estimate of accuracy of NO 2 tropospheric columns and profiles for
different atmospheric conditions (clouds/aerosols) and viewing
geometries Give recommendations for harmonization / standardization
of instruments settings and retrieval algorithms Secondary
objectives: Study effect of horizontal distribution within
satellite pixels Intercompare other tropospheric measurements, like
aerosol, HCHO, CHOCHO, BrO, HONO, SO 2, O 3
Slide 18
Conclusions from the WMO SAG Meeting on DOAS/SAOZ Total Ozone
Measurements Helsinki 29-30 June 2009 Significant progress with V2
processing following NDACC WG recommendations. SAOZ / DOAS of same
class as Dobson and Brewer. SAOZ better at polar latitude (V.
Fioletov) Most of the seasonality differences with Dobson and
(likely) with satellites attributed to the temperature dependence
of cross-sections in the UV. Difference between Dobson and SAOZ
removed after correcting Dobson. Since it is insensitive to
temperature, SAOZ can serve as a potential reference (Bob
Evans)
Slide 19
Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Changes
(NDACC): Observational Capabilities 19