AN OVERVIEW OF THE CURRENT FORESTRY SITUATION IN …

AN OVERVIEW OF THE CURRENT FORESTRY SITUATION IN MONGOLIA

Zoe Higgins 1

Volunteer on Australian Youth Ambassadors for Development Program

1 Zoe Higgins worked in the Forestry Division of the Institute of Geoecology from September 2002 to August 2003 as a volunteer on the Australian Youth Ambassadors for Development (AYAD) Program. The AYAD program places skilled young Australians on short-term assignments in developing countries throughout Asia and the Pacific. Youth Ambassadors exchange skills and knowledge with local counterparts to strengthen the capacity of overseas partner organisations. Youth Ambassadors also develop linkages and networks between partner organisations in Australia and those in developing countries, and gain an overseas professional development experience. Prior to 1990, Mongolia was considered a ‘satellite state’ of the former Soviet Union, which provided around 30% of the nations GDP. With the fall of the Soviet Union, the Mongolian Government undertook radical political and economic reform, moving from a collectivist, centralised command economy to a decentralised, privatised open market economy. Although the Mongolian people are now enjoying greater levels of freedom in some areas than before, many of the benefits that were anticipated to flow from the economic reforms have not yet been forthcoming, and this is definitely the case in the forestry sector. There were quite a few problems within forestry prior to 1990, and many Mongolian foresters now describe the situation as a crisis. A number of factors are contributing to this crisis situation, and it is difficult to separate the problems and define the causes. A major issue appears to be the lack of institutional strength and capacity within those organisations responsible for forest management. Most other problems flow from or are caused by this lack of capacity. Forestry activities are divided amongst different Government ministries, agencies and institutes, and it is therefore difficult to identify ‘forestry’ and plan its development as a sector. Planning and regulation of forest use is poor, which, among other things, has led to over allocation, inefficient harvesting methods, illegal logging and firewood collection, poor standards of product quality, grazing damage in regenerating areas, extensive fires and greater susceptibility to insect damage. An estimated 1.6 million ha of forest was lost between 1974 and 2000. These mostly anthropogenic problems are exacerbated by the extremely harsh climatic and environmental conditions. The temperature is below zero for most of the year and in winter, temperatures can plummet to -40 C. The growing season is very short, and MAI is ~1.4m3/ha. In addition, many of the forests are in remote areas or on steep terrain, and are inaccessible. Despite all of the problems facing the forestry sector in Mongolia, there are a number of strengths. A National Forest Policy Statement has been developed which aims to work towards sustainable forest management; there is a decentralised organisational structure; private enterprise and community participation are slowly developing, and there is a large, renewable, natural forest resource. Mongolia has approximately 17.5 million ha of forest, which covers ~11.2% of the land. The main species are siberian larch, scotch pine, siberian spruce, cedar, siberian fir, birch, aspen, poplars and willows. Although poorly enforced, 8.4 million ha are in Strictly Protected Forest zones and 7.9 million ha are in Protected Zones; the remaining 1.2 million ha are in Utilisation Forest zones. Mongolia’s forests are a valuable source of renewable timber and non-timber products, however they are not currently being sustainably managed. One immediate priority for the future sustainability of Mongolia’s forests is reforestation of areas that have been harvested or damaged by fire and insects. Significant capital investment would be required to implement a large scale reforestation program, however such capital is currently unavailable from either government or private sources. It may be more practical to begin smaller scale reforestation at the community level. Community forest management has successfully been implemented in many developing countries, and has helped to ensure sustainable forest management. The success lies in the ownership and responsibility taken by the local community, however the concept of ‘community’ is difficult to define in Mongolia due to the nomadic nature of many Mongolians. It is difficult to match particular people with particular areas of forest because they do not permanently reside there. Community forest management could be initiated in areas that have a permanent and steady population, such as soum and aimag centres. Community tree planting projects could be undertaken in and around the towns in public places such as school, prison and hospital grounds. These areas are often already fenced, and are therefore protected from grazing and other damaging influences. Such tree planting activities could provide many benefits, including beautification, protection from extreme weather conditions (especially

wind), shade and shelter, soil conservation, habitat for local bird and animal species and both timber and non-timber products.

DYNAMICS OF BIODIVERSITY LOSS AND PERMAFROST MELT IN HOVSGOL NATIONAL

PARK, MONGOLIA

Clyde E. Goulden

J. Tsogtbaatar

The purpose of the Hovsgol lake research is to define the impacts of nomadic pastoral use, forest

cutting and fires, and global climate change on stream valleys of northern Mongolia, and to recommend

methods for more sustainable use of environmental resources in Boreal habitats.

In 1997 the Government of Mongolia approved the establishment of a Long Term Ecological

Research network (LTER), under the direction of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences; Hovsgol National

Park was designated the first MLTER site. Lake Hovsgol, a sister lake to Baikal, is one of the most pristine of

the large ancient lakes of the World. This area is a transition zone between the Siberian taiga forest and the

steppe of East and Central Asia. In addition, the region also represents the southern boundary of

continuous permafrost. Northern Mongolia and southern Siberia lie in an area that has already warmed

more than other parts of the World. Temperature data from the Hatgal Meteorological Station at the

southern end of the Lake suggests that annual temperatures have increased by 1.4oC in this region since the

early 1960s.

The tributary valleys are forested on north-facing slopes and ridges, with steppe on south-facing

slopes and valley floors. The forest primarily consists of larch with a moss covered floor. The steppe

vegetation varies with grazing and soil moisture but largely consists of species of grasses, sedges, and

Artemisia. Many nomadic herdsmen have moved into the tributary valleys of the Lake resulting in heavy

livestock grazing and an increased frequency of forest fires that are damaging the natural habitats of the

region. The effect of warming due to global climate change may also cause thawing of the permafrost.

In 2002, MAS began a five year project funded by the Global Environment Facility (GEF) to define

ways to reduce impacts in these and similar habitats throughout Central and East Asia. Six stream valleys

south of Hanh, the Soum center, aligned from north to south along the eastern shore of the Lake, were

selected for study. Most grazing is concentrated around Soum centers, the primary market for livestock

products. The northern study valleys closest to Hanh have heavy use, Shagnuul has at least 12 summer time

families, and Turag more than 20 year-round families plus additional herdsmen that move into the valley

during the winter months. The middle two streams, Sevsuul and Noyon, have moderate use with four

herdsmen families each. The southern most streams, Dalbay with only one family, and Borsog with no

herdsmen, represent reference locations. This design provides an opportunity to study a gradient of impact

levels on the steppe, forest and aquatic habitats, with the more regional global warming impacts

superimposed on the nomad’s use of the land.

This field research is under the direction of twenty five young Mongolian researchers who are being

trained by local and international scientists. Fixed transects have been established in each of the six valleys,

and are being monitored for baseline conditions and to identify major “drivers” of the ecosystems. Locations

for sampling are randomly chosen within each transect strata, and power analysis is used to determine the

least number of samples needed to detect statistically significant differences among strata within a valley, or

among valleys. The monitoring includes meteorology, hydrology, soil conditions, active zone and permafrost

depth and temperature, plant and animal biodiversity, growth and productivity, stream water chemistry and

biodiversity, and carbon cycling within each valley. We are also working with the herdsmen to better

understand their practices and to define specific grazing impacts on the vegetation.

ONE YEAR IN MONGOLIA

Zoe Higgins

Volunteer on Australian Youth Ambassadors for Development Program

Zoe Higgins graduated from the University of Melbourne, Australia, with a Bachelor of Forest Science

(hons) in 2000. During summer vacations while studying, Zoe worked in plantation management with the

Department of Primary Industries (Queensland) as well as in native forest management with Forestry

Tasmania. After completing her studies Zoe began working as a Resource Planning Forester with Auspine, a

major grower and processor of radiata pine at Mt Gambier, South Australia.

In late 2002, Zoe was granted 12 months leave of absence from Auspine to undertake an assignment with the

Australian Youth Ambassadors for Development (AYAD) program. The AYAD program places skilled young

Australians on short-term assignments in developing countries throughout Asia and the Pacific. Youth

Ambassadors exchange skills and knowledge with local counterparts to strengthen the capacity of overseas

partner organisations. Youth Ambassadors also develop linkages and networks between partner

organisations in Australia and those in developing countries, and gain an overseas professional development

experience.

SELF CLEANING PROCESS OF SUSPENDED MATTERS IN THE RIVER “TUUL” FROM GOLD MINING IMPACTS

P.Altantsetseg*

D.Gantumur**

Y.Sugimori***

*Mongolia, Institute of Business and Management

** Institute of Geoecology, MAS.

***Japan, Center for Environmental Remote Sensing, Chiba University.

Õóðààíãóé

Ñ¿¿ëèéí æèë¿¿äýä ãîëûí ñàâ äàãóóõ õîòæèëò, áóñàä àæ àõóéí ¿éë àæèëëàãàà èäýâõæñýíèé óëìààñ áàéãàëü îð÷èí, ãîëûí ýêîñèñòåìä ¿ç¿¿ëýõ ñºðºã íºëººëºë èõñýõ õàíäëàãàòàé áàéíà. Òóõàéëáàë, Çààìàðûí õºíäèéä Òóóë ãîëûí ñàâ äàãóó àëò îëáîðëîõ ¿éë àæèëëàãàà ýð÷èìòýé ÿâàãäàæ áàéãààãààñ ãîëûí óñ áóëèíãàðòàí áîõèðäîæ óëìààð ýíýõ¿¿ áàéäàë íü óñíû àëèâàà àìüä îðãàíèçìûí îðøèí áàéõ òààòàé íºõöºëèéã àëäàãäóóëæ ýêîñèñòåìèéí òýíöâýðò áàéäàëä ñºðºãººð íºëººëæ áàéãàà þì. Èéìä áèä ýíýõ¿¿ ºã¿¿ëýëä àëò îëáîðëîõ ¿éë àæèëëàãààíû óëìààñ áîõèðäîæ áàéãàà Òóóë ãîëûí óñíû æèãíýãäýã÷ áîäèñûí îäîîãèéí áàéäàë, ìºí òóõàéí öýãýýñ öààø óðñãàë äàãóó ÿìàð çàéä öýâýðøèõèéã ýíãèéí ìàòåìàòèê çàãâàð÷ëàë àøèãëàí òîîöîîëñîí ñóäàëãààíû ä¿íã õàðóóëàâ.

Key words: Ecosystem, distance, regression, model.

ÁÀßÍÁ¯ÐÄ- ÖªËÆÈËÒÈÉÃ ÑÀÀÐÓÓËÀÕ ÝÕËÝËÈÉÍ ÖÝÃ

Ã.Öýðýíæàâ

Ãåîýêîëîãèéí õ¿ðýýëýí, Óñíû íººö, óñ àøèãëàëòûí ñàëáàð

Abstract We recommend Oasis which exist in the Gobi and have a direct interrelationship with ground- water as a means to combat the desertification process. Ò¿ëõ¿¿ð ¿ãñ: Ãîâèéí á¿ñ, ã¿íèé óñ, óñàëãààòàé ãàçàð òàðèàëàí, ýëñíèé äèíàìèê Îðøèë Ñóäëàà÷äûí òîîöñîíîîð ìàíàé óëñûí íóòàã äýâñãýðèéí 40 ãàðóé õóâü íü öºëæèëòºä íýðâýãäýýýä áàéíà. Öºëæèëòòýé òýìöýõ ¿íäýñíèé õºòºëáºð õýäèéãýýð àìæèëòòàé õýðýãæèæ áàéãàà ÷ ìýðãýæèëòí¿¿äèéí ñàíàë áîäîë, óðüä ºìíºõ òóðøëàãà, îëîí íèéòèéí îðîëöîî èë¿¿äýõã¿éí ó÷èð Ãîâèéí á¿ñèéí óíàãàí áîëîí çîõèîìîë áàÿíá¿ðäèéã àøèãëàí ºðãºæ¿¿ëýõ çàìààð ýëñíèé í¿¿ëòýýñ õàìãààëàõ, óñàëãààòàé ãàçàð òàðèàëàí, ôåðìåðèéí àæ àõóé õºãæ¿¿ëýõ áîëîìæòîé ãýñýí ñàíàë äýâø¿¿ëæ áàéãàà þì. Ýíý àñóóäëûã àâ÷ ¿çýõäýý Äîðíîãîâü, ªìíºãîâü àéìãèéí ïðàêòèê æèøýýíä òóëãóóðëàñàí áîëíî. Ãîâü íóòãèéí ýëáýã óñòàé áóëàã îð÷ìûí ãàçàð ÷èéãëýã áàéõ ó÷èð ñººã, áóòëàã ìîä èõýýð óðãàæ, ò¿¿íèéã äàãàí ÿíç á¿ðèéí àìüòàä îëíîîð öóãëàðäàã. Èéìýýñ ÷ ò¿¿íèéã “Áàÿíá¿ðä” ãýæ îíöëîí íýðëýäýã. Áàÿíá¿ðäèéí àíõäàã÷ íü óñ. Óñ õààíà áàéíà òýíä àìüäðàë öýöýãëýäýã æàìòàé. Óñàà äàãàæ óðãàìàë óðãàæ, óðãàìëàà äàãàæ àìüòàä öóãëàðäàã áàéãàëèéí òîãòîëöîî áèé. Áàÿíá¿ðäèéã ãîâèéí õ¿í àì, ìàë ñ¿ðãèéí àìüäðàëûí íºõöºëèéã ñàéæðóóëàõ áîëîíöºëæèëòèéã ñààðóóëàõ òóëãóóð öýã ãýæ ¿çýæ áîëîõ þì. Áàéãàëèàñ çàÿàñàí èéì ñàéõàí öîãöîëáîðûã óëàì ñàéæðóóëàí óñíû íººöèéã íü õóðèìòëóóëàí èæ á¿ðýí àøèãëàõ çàìààð ãîâèéí óíàãàí ìîäëîã, ñººãëºã óðãàìàë áóþó ïëèîöåí, ïëåéñòîöåíèé ¿åýñ ã¿íèé óñòàé ø¿òýëöñýí õýñýãò ¿ëäýö (ðåëèêò)òºðõèéã îëñîí áàÿíá¿ðä¿¿äýä òîõèîëäîõ æèãä [1], çàã, õàéëààñ, ñóõàéãààð îéæóóëàõ, ãàçàð òàðèàëàí ýðõëýõ, õ¿í àì, ìàë ñ¿ðãèéí óñ õàíãàìæèä àøèãëàõûí çýðýãöýý ò¿¿íèéã ò¿øèãëýí æèìñ òàðüæ, íóãàñ, ãàëóóíû àæ àõóé õºãæ¿¿ëýõ ºðãºí áîëîìæòîé.

ÁÎÃÄÕÀÍ ÓÓËÀÍÄ ÎÉÍ ¯ÐÈÉÍ ÁÀÉÍÃÛÍ ÒÀËÁÀÉ ÁÀÉÃÓÓËÑÀÍ ÑÓÄÀËÃÀÀÍÛ Ä¯ÍÃÝÝÑ

Á.Óäâàë

Ãåîýêîëîãèéí õ¿ðýýëýí, Îéí íººö, îé õàìãààëëûí ñàëáàð

Abstract At present one very important problem for Mongolian forestry is the establishment of a seed orchard plantation. The current state of seed orchard plantations in our country are discussed, which began in 1980. In this article seed orchard plantations that were established in the Bogd mountain in 2002 are discussed. The average height is 8 m and average diameter is 13.8 cm, 2 plus trees were chosen. Ò¿ëõ¿¿ð ¿ãñ: Øèëìýë îé, øèëìýë ìîä, ¿ðèéí òàëáàé, îéí ¿ðèéí àæ àõóé

Áîãä óóë íü áàðóóíààñ ç¿¿í òèéø 31 êì, õîéíîîñ óðàãø 20 êì åðºíõèéäºº áàðóóíààñ ç¿¿í òèéø ñóíàæ òîãòñîí áàéðøèëòàé. Õýíòèéí ºìíºä òàëûí áàðóóí óðä çàõûí ñàëáàð óóëñûí íýã áºãººä õîéä ºðãºðãèéí 47043I- ààñ 47054I-ä ç¿¿í óðòðàãèéí 1060 46I-ààñ 1070 10I-ä îðøèíî. Áîãä õàí óóë íü íèéò 41129 ãà òàëáàéòàé.

Ìîíãîë îðíûîé óðãàìàëøèëòûí ìóæëàëààð ªâºð áàéãàëèéí ìóæèéí Ç¿¿í Õýíòèéí õîøóóíä õàìààðàãäàíà. Òºâ, Õýíòèéí óóëñûí äàëàéí ò¿âøíººñ äýýø 1500-1800 ì ºíäºðò òàéãûí øèðýãæ¿¿ öýâäýãò õºðñºíä òàðõàí óðãàñàí ýëäýâ ºâñò óëàëæèò, ¿åòýí ýëäýâ ºâñò õóø, øèíýñýí îé çîíõèëîõ áºãººä ýíý íü áàéãàëèéí òýíöâýðèéã çîõèöóóëàõ ¿¿ðýã á¿õèé óóëûí îé þì. Ìàíàé îðîíä øèëìýë îé, øèëìýë ìîä èëð¿¿ëýõ àæèë 1980-ààä îíû ýõýýð õèéãäýæ ýõýëæýý. Òýð ¿åèéí Îéí õàéãóóë, òºñºë, ¿éëäâýðëýë, øèíæèëãýýíèé õ¿ðýýëýíãèéí Á.Íÿìäàâàà, À.Ï.Ðîäèîíîâ, Õ.Æàëáàà íàð 1983 îíä Õýíòèé àéìãèéí Áèíäýð ñóìûí íàðñàí îéä íýã øèëìýë ìîä îëæ èëð¿¿ëýí 4.7 ãà òàëáàéä ¿ðèéí áàéíãûí òàëáàéã òóñãààðëàæýý (Áàçàðñàä, 1994).

Ìºí õ¿ðýýëýíãèéí ýðäýì øèíæèëãýýíèé àæèëòàí Ñ.Ñ¿ðýíæàâ 1987 îíîîñ ñåëåêöèéí àðãààð øèíýñíèé ¿ðèéí ïëàíòàöè áàéãóóëàõ ñóäàëãàà ÿâóóëæ, Àðõàíãàé, Õºâñãºë, Äîðíîä àéìàãò àðàâ îð÷èì øèëìýë ìîä èëð¿¿ëæ, 20 ãàðóé ãà òàëáàéä ¿ð áýëòãýõ áàéíãûí òàëáàéã òóñãààðëàæ, ñèáèðü øèíýñíèé óðãàë ýðõòíèéã çàëãàæ óðãóóëàõ òóðøèëò õèéæ, ãîëûã çîëìîíä, çîëìûã çîëìîíä çàëãàõ àðãûã èë¿¿ àøèãòàé áàéíà ãýñýí ä¿ãíýëò ãàðãàæýý (Ñ¿ðýíæàâ, 1989).

Äîðíîä Õýíòèéí íºõöºëä Ñ.Æàìúÿíñ¿ðýí (1989, 1992) ñèáèðü øèíýñíèé ç¿éëèéí äîòîðõè õóâüñàë, ¿ðèéí ÷àíàð, ¿ðèéí ä¿¿ðýã÷ëýë, øèíýñýí îéí ¿ðèéí àæ àõóéí àñóóäëààð áèå äààñàí ñóäàëãàà ÿâóóëæ ìîíãîë îðíû øèíýñèéã 13, íàðñ, õóøèí îéã òóñ á¿ð 4 îéí ¿ðèéí ä¿¿ðýãò õóâààõ ñàíàë äýâø¿¿ëæýý.

ÁÎÐÎÎ ÃÎËÛÍ ÕªÍÄÈÉÄ ÕÈÉÑÝÍ ÃÀÇÐÛÍ ÄÎÎÐÕÈ ÓÑÍÛ ÍÀÐÈÉÂ×ÈËÑÀÍ ÕÀÉÃÓÓËÛÍ ÀÆËÛÍ ¯Ð Ä¯Í

Ø.Àíäàðãèâ* Ò.Âàí÷èã**

*Ïðåñòèæ èíæåíåðèíã ÕÕÊ

**Ãåîýêîëîãèéí õ¿ðýýëýí, Óñíû íººö, óñ àøèãëàëòûí ñàëáàð Abstract

This paper presents the results of detailed investigation of the water resources in areas where gold mining

was undertaken by “Boroo7 gold” Co., Ltd in 2002. The geological/hydrogeological condition was

determined, the possibilities of making a thicker water layer were investigated and drilling works were

undertaken to make a conclusion. This integrated methodology was carried out to ensure a worthwhile

investigasion in a short time period with limited financial, material and labor resources. Ò¿ëõ¿¿ð ¿ãñ: Ãàçðûí äîîðõè óñ, àëëþâèéí õóðäàñ, äèôôåðåíöèàëò ïîòåíöèàëûí àðãà, À.À.Ïåòðîâñêèéí òðàíñôîðìàöè. Îðøèë Ìîíãîë óëñ ýêîëîãèéí áàðèìæààòàé íèéãìèéí áàéãóóëàëä øèëæèæ îðñîí ºíºº ¿åä õàòóó, øèíãýí, õèéí ãóðâàí òºëºâò îðøäîã íýãýí òºðëèéí àøèãò ìàëòìàë áîëîõ ãàçðûí äîîðõ óñíû íººö áàÿëãûã ýðæ îëáîðëîí, õºäººãèéí õ¿í àì, ìàë ñ¿ðýã, ãàçàð òàðèàëàíãèéí óñíû õàíãàëòûã ñàéæðóóëàõ ÿâäàë ïðàêòèê à÷ õîëáîãäîëòîé, øèéäâýðëýâýë çîõèõ òóëãàìäñàí çîðèëò þì. Íºãººòýéã¿¿ð øîðîîí îðäûí àëò óãààõ óñûã ýðæ õàéõ, æóóë÷íû áààçàä çîðèóëñàí óíäíû öýíãýã óñíû øèíý ýõ ¿¿ñâýð èëð¿¿ëýõ, çàðèì òîìîîõîí òºâ ñóóðèíãèéí òºâëºðñºí óñàí õàíãàìæèéí àñóóäëûã øèéäâýðëýõ, ÿâöàä óñíû ãà÷ààëûã àðèëãàõ, õóâü õ¿í, ï¿¿ñ êîìïàíèéã óíä àõóéí õýðýãëýýíèé öýâýð óñààð õàíãàõ çýðýã àìèí ÷óõàë øààðäëàãà ç¿é ¸ñîîð òóëãàð÷ áàéíà. Äýëõèéí õîéò õàãàñûí îëîí æèëèéí öýâäýã ÷óëóóëãèéí/Ñèáèðèéí öýâäýãò òàéãà/ ºìíºä õèëèéí õýñýã, Òºâ Àçèéí õóóðàé ãîâü öºëèéí á¿ñèéí õîéò õèë äýýð îðøäîã õàíãàé, õýýð òàë, ãîâü öºë õîñëîñîí ºðãºí óóäàì íóòàãòàé, ýõ ãàçðûí ýðñ òýñ, óóð àìüñãàëòàé ìîíãîë îðíû õóâüä ãàçðûí äîîðõè óñíû íººö íü òîî õýìæýý, îðîí çàéí õóâüä òóéëûí æèãä áóñ òàðõàëòòàéãààñ ãàäíà õ¿éòíèé óëèðàëä èë çàäãàé óñ õºëäºæ, õàâàð îðîéòîæ ãýñäýã îíöëîãòîé ó÷ðààñ õààíà ÷ ÿëãàëã¿é íèéò íóòàãò õºäººãèéí òºâ ñóóðèí, ìàë÷èí ºðõ, áýë÷ýýðèéí ìàë, àøèãò ìàëòìàëûí îðä ãàçðóóä çýðýã çàðèì îáüåêò óñààð ãà÷èãäàõ ÿâäàë ò¿ãýýìýë òîõèîëääîã.

ÁÎÕÈÐ ÓÑ ÖÝÂÝÐËÝÃÝÝ ªÍªªÃÈÉÍ Ò¯ÂØÈÍÄ

Ä.Òºìºðñ¿õ

Ãåîýêîëîãèéí õ¿ðýýëýí, Óñíû íººö, óñ àøèãëàëòûí ñàëáàð Abstract Many years have passed since the establishment of public utilities and entities in Mongolia. Water supply and wastewater treatment utilities have been better developed with assistance from international and internal investment. It has had an important influence on the society, people, environment of Mongolia. At the present time, the situation in Mongolia has deteriorated, and the former high levels of water supply and waste water treatment are not being achieved. This is due to the collapse of many systems following their privatisation and a lack of collaboration and integrated works. This leads to negative influences on people and the environment. Ò¿ëõ¿¿ð ¿ãñ. óñàí õàíãàìæ, ãîëûí óñ, öýâýðëýõ áàéãóóëàìæ, ººðºº öýâýðøèõ ÷àäàìæ, ýêîëîãè, ñºðºã íºëººëºë, áàêòåðèîëîãè Îðøèë Ìîíãîë Óëñûí Èõ Õóðàë 1997 îíä “Òºðººñ ýêîëîãèéí òàëààð áàðèìòëàõ áîäëîãî”-ûã áàòàëæ, áàéãàëü îð÷íû ¿éë àæèëëàãààíû óðò õóãàöààíû çîðèëòóóäûã òîäîðõîéëñîí þì. Óã áàðèìò áè÷èãò ýêîëîãèéí òýíöëèéã õàíãàõ ÿâäëûã ñòðàòåãèéí ýðõýì çîðèëãî áîëãîæ, 21 ä¿ãýýð çóóíä õ¿í òºðºëõòºí áàéãàëü îð÷èíäîî çîõèöñîí òîãòâîðòîé õºãæèõ äýëõèé íèéòèéí ò¿ãýýìýë ¿çýë ñàíààã èø ¿íäýñ áîëãîñîí áàéíà. Ìîíãîë óëñûí õýìæýýíä óñíû íººöèéí àñóóäàë, ãàçàð ç¿é, ãåîëîãè, ãèäðîãåîëîãè, ãèäðîõèìèéí òàëààñ íýëýýä ñàéí ñóäëàãäñàí áîëîâ÷ óñíû õèìè, ôèçèê, óñàí õàíãàìæ, áîõèð óñ öýâýðëýãýýíèé ÷àíàð, áèîëîãèéí ñºðºã íºëººëëèéã ýêîëîãè ýð¿¿ë àõóéí òàëààñ õ¿í àìûí ýð¿¿ë ìýíä, ºâ÷ëºëèéí áàéäàëòàé õàðüöóóëæ, ñèñòåìòýé ñóäàëæ, ¿íýëýëò, ä¿ãíýëò ãàðãàæ, ò¿¿íèé ¿íäñýí äýýð õ¿í àìûã ÷àíàð ñàéòàé õ¿ðýëöýýòýé óñààð õàíãàõ àðãà õýìæýý ºíººãèéí øààðäëàãûã õàíãàõã¿é õýìæýýíä áàéãàà òóë ¿¿íä áàãà áîëîâ÷ àõèö ãàðãàõàä áèäíèé ñóäàëãàà îðøèíî.

ÁÝË×ÝÝÐÈÉÍ ÓÐÃÀÌÀËÆÈËÒÛÍ ªªÐ×ËªËÒ, ÝÊÎËÎÃÈÉÍ ÄÎÐÎÉÒÎË

Ä.Àâààäîðæ Ñ.Áàäðàõ

Î.Õàäáààòàð

Ãåîýêîëîãèéí õ¿ðýýëýí, Ãàçðûí íººö, ãàçàð àøèãëàëòûí ñàëáàð

Abstract This paper discusses the decrease of vegetation yield, species composition reduction in pasture of different zones and different pasture types in Mongolia with relation to factors affecting this phenomena, such as global warming and increased impacts of humans and livestock. In addition to a reduction of species composition, there are also changes from plants that are useful for livestock into less useful plants. Changes of species composition, canopy cover and average height were shown in the needlegrass-forb pasture of the steppe zone in Erdenesant and Sergelen soum of Tuv aimag, which have different rates of pasture overgrazing. In severe grazed needlegrass-forb pasture, species composition has reduced 2-4 times, average height has reduced 10 times and compositions of not-preferable plants have increased by 3 times compared with un-grazed pasture of the same type. Real xerophytes have increased from 47.4 to 69.2 percent, and following this, representatives of the rest of the groups have decreased. Plants which have the ability to reproduce by root suckers have been dominating. A review of 1990-2000 studies on pasture shows that more than 40 million ha, or 30 percent of all pasture in Mongolia overgrazed. Ñ¿¿ëèéí æèë¿¿äýä óóð àìüñãàëûí õóóðàéøèëò, õ¿í áà ìàëûí ãàçàðò ¿ç¿¿ëýõ íºëºº èõýññýí çýðýã îëîí õ¿÷èí ç¿éëèéí íºëººãººð, áýë÷ýýðèéí óðãàìëàí íºìðºãèéí ç¿éëèéí á¿ðýëäýõ¿¿íèé òîîíû öººðºëò óðãàöûí õýìæýýíèé áóóðàëò èõýýõýí àæèãëàãäàõ áîëëîî. Óðãàìëûí ç¿éëèéí òîî öººðºõèéí çýðýãöýý øèìòýé óðãàìàë íü øèì ìóóòàé óðãàìëààð ñîëèãäîõ áîëëîî. Áýë÷ýýðèéí óðãàìëûí ç¿éëèéí á¿ðýëäýõ¿¿í, òóñãàã á¿ðõýö, äóíäàæ ºíäºð çýðýã ¿ç¿¿¿ëýëò¿¿äèéí

ººð÷ëºëòèéã Òºâ àéìãèéí õýýðèéí á¿ñýä îðøèõ Ýðäýíýñàíò, Ñýðãýëýí ñóìûí õÿëãàíà-àëàã ºâñò

òºðëèéí áýë÷ýýð äýýð òàëõëàãäëûí çýðýãëýëýýð õ¿ñíýãò

ÃÀÇÐÛÍ ÍªªÖ, ÃÀÇÀÐ ÀØÈÃËÀËÒÛÍ ÑÀËÁÀÐÛÍ ÝÐÕËÝÃ×, ÑÝÄÂÈÉÍ ÓÄÈÐÄÀÃ×,

ÄÎÊÒÎÐ

ÄÀÍÇÀÍ-ÎÑÎÐÛÍ ÀÂÀÀÄÎÐÆ

Òóñ õ¿ðýýëýíãèéí ãàçðûí íººö, ãàçàð àøèãëàëòûí ñàëáàðûí ýðõëýã÷, äýä äîêòîð Ä.Àâààäîðæ

íü 1943 îíä Ñ¿õáààòàð àéìãèéí Áàÿíäýëãýð ñóìûí íóòàãò ìàë÷èí àðä Äàíçàí-Îñîðûí õ¿¿ áîëîí

òºðæýý.

Òýðýýð áàãà, äóíä ñóðãóóëüä ñóðàëöàí óëìààð Óêðàéíû Õºäºº Àæ Àõóéí Àêàäåìèéã õºðñ

ñóäëàã÷-àãðîõèìè÷ ìýðãýæëýýð ä¿¿ðãýæ, 1968 îíû 2-ð ñàðààñ ÕÀÀß-íû Ãàçàð çîõèîí áàéãóóëàõ

ýêñïåäèöèä /õóó÷èí íýðýýð/ õºðñ ñóäëàã÷ èíæåíåðýýð îðæ àæëûíõàà ãàðààã ýõýëæýý.

Ä.Àâààäîðæ 1968-1973 îíä Ãàçàð çîõèîí áàéãóóëàõ ýêñïåäèöèä èíæåíåð, 1977-1981 îíä Õºäºº

Àæ Àõóéí Äýýä ñóðãóóëüä áàãø, 1982-1985 îíä Ìîíãîë óëñààñ Ãåðìàí Óëñàä ñóóãàà Ýë÷èí ñàéäûí

ÿàìàíä ñóðãàëò, ýðäýì øèíæèëãýý õàðèóöñàí íàðèéí áè÷ãèéí äàðãà, 1985-1991 îíä Õºäºº Àæ Àõóéí

Äýýä Ñóðãóóëüä áàãø, òýíõèìèéí ýðõëýã÷ 1991-1996 îíä òýð ¿åèéí Ãàçðûí áîäëîãûí õ¿ðýýëýíä õºðñ

õàìãààëàëòûí ñåêòîðûí ýðõëýã÷, 1997 îíîîñ ØÓÀ-èéí Ãåîýêîëîãèéí õ¿ðýýëýíãèéí ãàçðûí íººö,

ãàçàð àøèãëàëòûí ñàëáàðûí ýðõëýã÷ýýð àæèëëàæ áàéíà.

Ä.Àâààäîðæ 1977 îíä ÕÍÁÃÓ-ûí Õàëëå õîòûí Ìàðòèí-Ëþòåðèéí èõ ñóðãóóëèéí óðãàìëûí àæ

àõóéí òýíõèìä “Ïèâîíû àðâàéí óðãàö áà ÷àíàðò õºðñíèé ýðäýñ àçîòûí íºëºº” ñýäâýýð äýä ýðäýìòíèé

çýðãèéã õàìãààëñàí áàéíà.

Ä.Àâààäîðæ “Ìîíãîë îðíû òàðèàëàíãèéí ãàçðûí õºðñíèé ýëýãäýë ýâäðýë”, “Õ¿÷òýé ýëýãäýæ

ýâäýðñýí õºðñíèé ¿ðæèë øèìèéã íºõºí ñýðãýýõ”, “ÕÀÀ-í ãàçðûí ýêîëîãè-ýäèéí çàñãèéí ¿íýëãýý”,

“Áýë÷ýýðèéí ãàçðûí õºðñíèé ôèçèê øèíæ ÷àíàðûí ººð÷ëºëò áà ýêîëîãèéí äîðîéòîë” ñýäýâò ýðäýì

øèíæèëãýýíèé òºñëèéí áîëîí ñóóðü ñóäàëãààíû àæëûí óäèðäàã÷ààð àæèëëàæ èðëýý.

Ýäãýýð ñóäàëãààíû ¿ð ä¿íã¿¿ä íü Ìîíãîë îðíû îéò õýýð áà õýýðèéí á¿ñ íóòàãò õèéñýí ÕÀÀ-í

ãàçðûí ýêîëîãèéí ººð÷ëºëò áîëîí ñóóðü ¿íèéã òîãòîîõ, Òºðººñ ãàçðûí øèíýòãýëèéí áîäëîãûã

õýðýãæ¿¿ëýõ óëìààð ãàçðûí õàðèëöààã áîëîâñðîíãóé áîëãîõîä àíõäàã÷ ñóóðü ìàòåðèàë áîëæ áàéíà.

Ìîíãîë îðíû òàðèàëàíãèéí ãàçðûí õºðñíèé ýëýãäýë ýâäðýëèéã ñóäàëñàí ñóäàëãààíä

òóëãóóðëàí Òºâ, Ñýëýíãý àéìãèéí íóòàãò õ¿÷òýé ýëýãäýí ýâäýð÷ àòàðøñàí 1000 ãàðóé ãà ãàçðûí õºðñ,

óðãàìëàí íºìðºãèéã ñýðãýýõ àæëûã ã¿éöýòãýæ, ººðèéí îðíû ýðñ òýñ óóð àìüñãàëòàé íºõöºëä çîõèöñîí

ºëºíãº, ñîãîîâîð, öàðãàñ çýðýã ¿åò áîëîí áóóðöàãò îëîí íàñò óðãàìëóóä íü õºðñíèé ¿ðæèë øèìèéã

íºõºí ñýðãýýõýä õàìãèéí òîõèðîìæòîéã òîãòîîæ, ýíý àæëûã ã¿éöýòãýõýä øààðäàãäàõ çàðäëûí íîðì

¿íýëãýýã áîëîâñðóóëàí áàòëóóëæ, ìºðä¿¿ëýí àæèëëàæ áàéíà.

ÃÅÎËÎÃÈ-ÌÈÍÅÐÀËÎÃÈÉÍ ÓÕÀÀÍÛ ÄÎÊÒÎÐ, ÀÕÌÀÄ ÝÐÄÝÌÒÝÍ ÍÀÌÆÈËÛÍ ÆÀÄÀÌÁÀÀ

Í. Æàäàìáàà íü 1943 îíû 2 äóãààð ñàðûí 4–íä Ãîâü-Àëòàé àéìãèéí Òàéøèð ñóìûí íóòàãò

ìàë÷èí Íàìæèëûí õî¸ðäóãààð õ¿¿ áîëîí ìýíäýëñýí áºãººä áàãà íàñàà ýöýã ýõèéí ãàð äýýð ºíãºð¿¿ëæ

1961 îíä Ãîâü–Àëòàé àéìãèéí 10 æèëèéí äóíä ñóðãóóëèéã, 1966 îíä Ìîñêâà õîòûí Ãåîëîãè-õàéãóóëûí

äýýä ñóðãóóëèéã ãèäðîãåîëîãè, èíæåíåð ãåîëîãèéí ìýðýãæëýýð ä¿¿ðãýñýí. 1977 îíä “Óëààíáààòàð

õîòûí àðòåçèéí àé ñàâûí ãàçðûí äîîðõè óñ, ò¿¿íèé íººöèéã ¿íýëýõ íü” ñýäâýýð äýä ýðäýìòýíèé

çýðãèéã , 1997 îíä “Ìîíãîë îðíû ãàçðûí äîîðõ öýíãýã óñíû á¿ðýëäýí òàðõàõ ç¿é òîãòîë, ò¿¿íèé

íººöèéã óñ õàíãàìæòàé õîëáîãäóóëàí ¿íýëýõ” ñýäâýýð ãåîëîãè-ìèíåðîëîãèèéí øèíæëýõ óõààíû

äîêòîðûí çýðãèéã òóñ òóñ õàìãààëñàí.

Í. Æàäàìáàà íü 10 æèëä ñóð÷ áàéõäàà Ä¿í÷ýý, Ãîìáî, Ï¿ðýâæàâ, ßäìàà, Áÿìáàñ¿ðýí, Ñ¿õýý,

Ýíýáèø çýðýã îëîí ñàéí áàãø íàðûí à÷ààð ýðäýì íîì ñóðñàí. Æ.Áàçàð, Ñ.Ã¿ðõ¿¿, Ã.Øèæèð íàðûí

çýðýã 10 æèëèéí, Í.Áàòñ¿õ (äîêòîð, ïðîôåññîð), Ç.Íàðàíãýðýë (Äýä äîêòîð, êîìïàíèé çàõèðàë),

Æ.Áÿìáà (Äîêòîð, ïðîôåññîð), Ò. Áîëä, Æ. Äóãàðñ¿ðýí, ×. Õóðö (äýä äîêòîð, êîìïàíèé çàõèðàëóóä),

Î.Òºìºðòîãîî (äîêòîð ïðîôåññîð, àêàäåìè÷),ª. Ãîòîâäîðæ (õóâèéí áèçíåñìåí) íàðûí îþóòàí ¿åèéí

ñàéí íàéçóóäòàé. Ï.Äàìäèí, Ì.Ïýëæýý, ×. Õóðö, ×.Ýýáóì, Æ.Áÿìáàà, Á.Æèãæèä, Æ.Öîãòáààòàð, Ö.

Áàëäàíäîðæ çýðýã ñàéí ñàéä, äàðãà, çàõèðàë íàðûí óäèðäëàãà äîîð àæèëëàæ ÿâñíàà äóðñàí ÿâäàã þì.

Í. Æàäàìáàà íü Öàãààíöàâ, ªëãèé õèéäèéí ãàçðûí äîîðõ óñíû èõýýõýí íººö á¿õèé îðäóóäûã

àíõ øèíýýð íýýñýí. (1966-1971 îí), Ñ¿õáààòàð, ªìíºãîâü, Äîðíîãîâü, Äóíäãîâü àéìãèéí íóòàãò áýë÷ýýð

áîëîí ñóìûí òºâèéí óñàí õàíãàìæèä çîðèóëàí öýíãýã óñòàé 57 õóäãèéí öýãèéã øèíýýð èëð¿¿ëýí

óíäàðãûã òîäîðõîéëñîí (1966-1971, 1992-1999), Óëààíáààòàð õîòûí óíä àõóé, ¿éëäâýðëýëèéí

õýðýãëýýíèé ãàçðûí äîîðõ óñíû íººöèéã çàãâàð÷ëàëûí àðãààð òîäîðõîéëñîí. (1974-1977), èõýíõ

àéìãèéí òºâèéí òºâëºðñºí óñ õàíãàìæèéí ãàçðûí äîîðõ óñíû ýõ ¿¿ñâýðèéã ýðæ îëîõ, íººöèéã òîãòîîõ

ñàíàà÷ëàãà ãàðãàæ, ò¿¿íèé õýðýãæèëòèéã çîõèîí áàéãóóëàõàä îðîëöîí (1980-1988), Ìîíãîë îðíû

ãèäðîãåîëîãè, ãåîëîãè, àøèãò ìàëìàëûí òóõàé 20 ãàðóé çóðãèéã áèå÷ëýí çîõèîñîí áîëîí óäèðäàí

çîõèîëöñîí (1990-2000) áàéíà.

Í.Æàäàìáàà íü îíîë ïðàêòèêèéí øèíæòýé 3 íîì, èõ ñóðãóóëèéí íýã ñóðàõ áè÷èã, ýðäýì

øèíæèëãýýíèé 90 ãàðóé ºã¿¿ëýë, ãåîëîãèéí ¿éëäâýðëýëèéí 10 òàéëàí, áàéãàëü îð÷íû ¿íýëãýý,

äîðîéòñîí ãàçðûã íºõºí ñýðãýýõ 40 ãàðóé òàéëàí, òºñëèéã ãàíöààð÷èëñàí áîëîí õàìòûí á¿òýýë

õýëáýðýýð òóóðâèñàí áàéíà. Í. Æàäàìáàà íü ãàçðûí äîîðõ óñíû òîìîîõîí íººö á¿õèé îðäûã èëð¿¿ëýõ,

ç¿é òîãòîë, àëòíû îðäûã àøèãëàõ ÿâöàä ¿¿ññýí ãåîýêîëîãèéí äîðîéòîë, ýâäýðñýí øîðîîí áîëîí óñàí

áàÿëàãèéã íºõºí ñýðãýýõ òåõíîëîãèéí øèéäýë, óñàí ìàíäëûí õóâüñàë, ººð÷ëºëò çýðýã øèíæëýõ óõààíû

øèíý ÷èãëýëèéã Ìîíãîë îðíû ºâºðìºö íºõöºëä íýâòð¿¿ëæ áàéíà.

ÃÎÂÜ, ÕÝÝÐÈÉÍ Á¯ÑÈÉÍ ÒªÂ, ÑÓÓÐÈÍ ÃÀÇÐÛÍ ÖªËÆÈËÒ, Ò¯¯ÍÄ ÍªËªªËªÕ Õ¯×ÈÍ Ç¯ÉËÑ

Í.Ìàíäàõ

Ãåîýêîëîãèéí õ¿ðýýëýí, Öºëæèëòèéí ñóäàëãààíû òºâ

Abstract

Desertification, which is increasing in Mongolia has some negative consequences, such as decrease of pasture land, loss of biodiversity, increase of sand movement etc. A global problem is to solve its negative consequences on humans and the human environment. In other words, anywhere we can see the effects of desertification. The heaviest of them is local desertification in/around settlements, near water resources, in/around oasis etc. From this list we chose local desertification around settlements as an important place where the people feel the negative influence of global change and desertification. Desertification in/around settlements influenced by the human and natural factors. From the natural factors more dangerous is the dust and sand storms, which occured in spring time, also Mongolia had changes under the influence of Gloal warming. But human factors as increasing density of town population, increasing number of roads around settlements etc. are activating natural cause of desertificatio. In this thesis we explain the main factors which influence desertificaton at settlements and ways to mitigate them.

Ò¿ëõ¿¿ð ¿ãñ: ãàçðûí äîðîéòîë, “öýãýí” öºëæèëò, ñóóðèí ãàçàð, ãàçðûí äîðîéòîë, ýëñæèëò

ÃÎÂÜ, ÕÝÝÐÈÉÍ Á¯ÑÝÄ ÌÎÄ ¯ÐÆ¯¯ËÃÈÉÍ ÃÀÇÐÛÍ ÍÝÃÄÑÝÍ Ñ¯ËÆÝÝ ÁÀÉÃÓÓËÀÕ ÀÑÓÓÄÀËÄ

À.Õàóëåíáåê, Õ.Æàëáàà


Abstract Throughout the world, the most useful measures to combat desertification is the creation of protection green belts and green strips by planting seedlings of natural trees and bushes. However in Mongolia, where more than 40 percent of the territory is degraded, the measures to mitigate them are undertaken over a very limited area, as follows:

• Areas with protection green strips are less than 30-40 ha.

• Seedling supply is 50 percent less than what is required for afforestation works.

Therefore to activate afforestation measures we must increase seedling supplies by organizing nurseries and create a network in Gobi, desert and steppe region. In this thesis we include some scientific basis for establishing nursery network in this region to supply the required seedlings of trees and bushes.

ÃÎËÛÍ ÃÓËÜÄÐÈËÛÃ ÍªÕªÍ ÑÝÐÃÝÝÕ ÀÐÃÀÇ¯É (ªëò ãîëûí æèøýýí äýýð)

Í.Æàäàìáàà Ì. Ãàíçîðèã

Ãåîýêîëîãèéí Õ¿ðýýëýí, Óñíû íººö, óñ àøèãëàëòûí ñàëáàð

Abstract Many of the natural environmental conditions in the valley of the small river Oelt have changed due to construction of an embankment in the river bed, removal of streamflow by the development of different channels, formation of manmade lakes for washing gold bearing deposits (sand, clay, gravel) and other human actions related with gold mining. However, environmental changes in the Oelt river valley may not to be the main cause of reduced runoff of the Ongi river, and also may not be the main cause of water depletion in Ulaan Lake. Some important solutions for solving environmental problems in the Oelt river valley is restoration of river beds, aquifer, surface runoff and ground water formation, reforestation of eroded soils to increase humus in the forest stands, germination of seeds and other restoration operations. This article considers some methodical problems for restoration of damaged land, water and forest plant resources. Ò¿ëõ¿¿ð ¿ãñ: Ãàçðûí äîîðõè óñ, Ãàäàðãûí óñ, áàéãàëü îð÷èí, ãåî ýêîëîãè, óðñàö, ãèäðîãåîëîãè, ãèäðîëîãè, ãèäðàâëèê, ýêîëîãè-ýäèéí çàñàã, ¿íýëãýý, òºñºë òºñºâ.

ÄÀÐÕÀÍ-ÓÓË ÀÉÌÃÈÉÍ Á¯ÐÝÍÒÎËÃÎÉÍ ÓÑËÀËÒÛÍ ÑÈÑÒÅÌÈÉÃ Ò¯ØÈÃËÝÍ ÔÅÐÌÅÐÈÉÍ ÀÆ ÀÕÓÉÍ ÇÀÃÂÀÐ ÒªÑªË ÁÎËÎÂÑÐÓÓËÀÕ ÍÜ

Ì.Ãàíçîðèã

Ã.Äîëãîðñ¿ðýí Í.Îòãîíáàãàíà

Ãåîýêîëîãèéí Õ¿ðýýëýí, Óñíû íººö, óñ àøèãëàëòûí ñàëáàð

Abstract The irrigation system in Mongolia was built preciously, but still has not been used yet. The problem of managing irrigated agriculture in becoming more important, because of climate change and market demand. The purpose of this project is to study the opportunity for establishing farms with irrigated agriculture. The irrigation system research study is being undertaken in Darkhan Uul aimag, Burentolgoi. In this research, the soil of the main canal of the irrigation system will be repaired. 30 hectare farms in Burentolgoi are being considered.

Ò¿ëõ¿¿ð ¿ã: óñàëãààòàé òàðèàëàí, îðîí íóòãèéí õºãæèë, áîðîîæóóëàõ òºõººðºìæ, ãîë ñóâàã, õ¿íñíèé íîãîî.

Îðøèë Òºñëèéí õ¿ðýýíä áèäíèé òàâüñàí ãîë çîðèëãî áîë èõýýõýí õºðºíãº, õ¿÷ çàðöóóëæ íýãýíò áàðüæ áàéãóóëñàí èíæåíåðèéí áàðèëãà áàéãóóëàìæ á¿õèé óñëàëòûí ñèñòåì¿¿äèéã ò¿øèãë¿¿ëýí çàõ çýýëèéí íºõöºëä çîõèöñîí ôåðìåðèéí àæ àõóéí çàãâàð òºñºë áîëîâñðóóëàõ àæèë þì. Çàõ çýýëèéí íºõöºëä óñàëãààòàé ãàçàð òàðèàëàíãèéí ¿éëäâýðëýëèéã ºíäºð ¿ð àøèãòàéãààð ýðõëýõ õàìãèéí òîõèðîìæòîé õýëáýð íü æèæèã áîëîí äóíä ôåðìåðèéí àæ àõóéã õºãæ¿¿ëýõ ÿâäàë þì. 1990 îíîîñ õîéø ìàíàé îðîíä ãàçàð òàðèàëàíãèéí ñàëáàðò èõýýõýí ººð÷ëºëò ãàðñíû äîòîð óëñûí ÷àíàðòàé òîìîîõîí àæ àõóéíóóäûí èõýíõè íü õóâü÷ëàãäàí, îëîí æèæèã àæ àõóéí íýãæ áîëæ ººð÷ëºãäñºí áèëýý. ¯¿íòýé óÿëäàí óëñûí ºì÷ áàéñàí óñëàëòûí á¿õ ñèñòåì¿¿äèéí ýçýìøèëò, àøèãëàëòûí áàéäàë òîäîðõîéã¿é áîëæ, òýäãýýðèéí çàðèì íü õóâü÷ëàãäàí õóâèéí ºì÷ áîëæ, çàðèì íü îðîí íóòãèéí ìýäýëä áàéæ, àøèãëàëòûí áàéäàë íü òóéëûí õàíãàëòã¿é áàéíà. Çàõ çýýë õºãæñºí óëñ îðíóóäûí òóðøëàãààñ ¿çýõýä, ºíººãèéí õºäºº àæ àõóéí ¿éëäâýðëýë ýðõýëæ áàéãàà àæ àõóéí øèíý õýëáýð íü ôåðìåðèéí àæ àõóé þì. Ñóäàëãààíààñ ¿çýõýä äýëõèéí íèéò ôåðìåðèéí àæ àõóéí 95 îð÷èì õóâü íü ºðõèéí àæ àõóéä ñóóðèëàí, õºäºº àæ àõóéí íèéò á¿òýýãäýõ¿¿íèé ãóðàâíû õî¸ðûã áóþó 66,7 %-èéã ¿éëäâýðëýæ áàéíà. ÀÍÓ-ûí íèéò õ¿í àìûí äºíãºæ 3 % íü ôåðìåðèéí àæ àõóé ýðõýëæ áàéãàà áîëîâ÷ äýëõèéí íèéò õ¿íñíèé á¿òýýãäýõ¿¿íèé çóðãààíû íýãèéã äàíãààðàà ¿éëäâýðëýæ, óëñ îðíîî õ¿íñýýð á¿ðýí õàíãàæ, èë¿¿ã íü äýëõèéí áóñàä îðíóóäàä ýêñïîðòëîæ ºíäºð àøèã îëäîã áàéíà. Àçèéí á¿òýýìæèéí áàéãóóëëàãûí ãàðãàñàí ñóäàëãààãààð, Ç¿¿í ºìíºä Àçèéí îðíóóäûí õºäºº àæ àõóéí ¿éëäâýðëýë ñ¿¿ëèéí 30 ãàðóé æèëä áàãàã¿é àìæèëò îëæ, æèëèéí äóíäàæ ºñºëò 4 %-ä õ¿ðñýí íü èõýíõ àæ àõóé ôåðìåðèéí õýëáýðò øèëæñýí ÿâäàë ãýæ ä¿ãíýæýý. Õºäºº àæ àõóéí ôåðìåð ºíäºð õºãæñºí äýýðõ óëñ îðíóóäûí òóðøëàãûã ìàíàé îðíû íºõöºëä òóðøèæ ¿çýõ, íýâòð¿¿ëýõ øààðäëàãàòàé áàéãàà áºãººä ýíý íü óñàëãààòàé ãàçàð òàðèàëàíãèéí ñàëáàðûí óíàëòûã çîãñîîõ, ¿ð àøãèéã äýýøë¿¿ëýõ àæëûí ýõëýë áîëîõûí çýðýãöýý öààøèä ÷ áàðèìòëàõ ¿íäñýí ÷èãëýë áàéæ áîëîõ þì. Ìàíàé îðíû ãàçàð òàðèàëàíãèéí ¿éëäâýðëýë ñ¿¿ëèéí æèë¿¿äýä óíàëòàíä îðæ áàéãààãèéí ¿íäñýí øàëòãààí íü áàéãàëü öàã óóðûí òààëàìæã¿é íºõöºëººñ ãàäíà ýíý ñàëáàðò çîõèñòîé ìåíåæìåíòèéí áîäëîãî äóòàãäàëòàé áàéãàà ÿâäàë þì.

ÄÎÐÍÎÃÎÂÜ ÀÉÌÃÈÉÍ ÇÀÌÛÍ-¯¯Ä ÑÓÌÀÍÄ ÕÀÌÒÛÍ ÎÐÎËÖÎÎÒÎÉÃÎÎÐ

ÖªËÆÈËÒÒÝÉ ÒÝÌÖÝÕ, ÄÎÐÎÉÒÑÎÍ ÎÐ×ÈÍÃ ÓÐÃÀÌÀËÆÓÓËÀÕ, ÓÑ ÕÓÐÈÌÒËÓÓËÀÕ

ÒªÑªË

Ä.Äàø

À.Õàóëåíáåê

Ìîíãîëûí áàéãàëü îð÷íûã äîðîéòóóëæ, ýêîëîãèéí òýíöâýðò áàéäëûã íü àëäàãäóóëæ áóé

¿íäñýí õ¿÷èí ç¿éëèéí íýã íü öºëæèëò þì. Äýëõèé äàõèíûã õàìàðñàí óóð àìüñãàëûí äóëààðàëò, õóð

òóíàäàñíû æèãä áóñ õóâààðèëàëòààñ ¿¿äýí ãàçàð íóòàã õóóðàéøèí ãàíäàæ, ¿ðæèë øèì íü æèëýýñ æèëä

áóóð÷ áàéíà. Ýðäýìòäèéí òîîöîîëñíîîð ñ¿¿ëèéí 60 æèëä Ìîíãîë îðíû íèéò íóòãèéí àãààðûí æèëèéí

äóíäàæ òåìïåðàòóð + 1.56 Ñ õýìýýð ºñ÷, õóð òóíàäàñíû íèéëáýð 6 õóâü íýìýãäñýí áîëîâ÷ õàâðûí õóð

òóíàäàñ 17 õóâü áóóðñàí íü õºðñíèé ÷èéã õàíãàìæèéã ýðñ áàãàñãàæ, ãàíãèéí äàâòàìæèéã íýìýãä¿¿ëæ

áàéíà. Óóð àìüñãàëûí ººð÷ëºëòººñ óëáààëàí öºëæèëòèéí ¿éë ÿâö òýëýãäýæ áàéãàà íü ìºíõ öàñ, öýâäýã

õàéëàõ, íóóð, ãîë ãîðõè øèðãýõ, áýë÷ýýðèéí óðãàìëûí ãàðö ýðñ ìóóäàõ, õºðñ óñ äàâñæèõ, ýëýãäýë

ýâäðýëä îðîõ, ýëñíèé í¿¿ëò õºäºëãººí èõñýõ, áàéãàëèéí ýëäýâ ãàìøãèéí òîî íýìýãäýõ çýðãýýð èëýð÷

áàéíà.

Áàéãàëèéí äýýðõ òºëºâ áàéäàëä õ¿íèé îëîí òàëò ¿éë àæèëëàãàà íºëººëæ, öºëæèëòèéã óëàì

õóðäàñãàõ õ¿÷èí ç¿éë áîëæ áàéíà. ªíãºðñºí çóóíû äóíäóóð íýãäýëæèõ õºäºëãººí ºðíºæ ìàë ñ¿ðãèéã

¿é îëíîîð íü íýã äîð òºðºëæ¿¿ëýí ñóóðèëóóëæ, òºâ ñóóðèí ãàçàðò õ¿í àìûí òºâëºðºë èõýññýí, 1990–ýýä

îíîîñ õîéø ìàëûã õóâü÷èëæ òîî òîëãîé èõýññýíèé çýðýãöýý áýë÷ýýðèéí ìàë àæ àõóéí óëàìæëàë

àëäàãäñàí, áýë÷ýýðèéí óñàí õàíãàìæ ìóóäñàí çýðýã íü áýë÷ýýðèéí äààöûã õýòð¿¿ëýí àøèãëàõàä

õ¿ðãýæ, óëìààð ãàçàð íóòàã öºëæèõ ãîë øàëòãààí íü áîëæ áàéíà. Ìîíãîë îðíû 126,6 ñàÿ ãà òàëáàé

á¿õèé áýë÷ýýðèéí 70 ãàðóé õóâü íü òàëõëàãäàëä îðñíîîð áýë÷ýýðèéí óðãàìëûí óðãàö õýä äàõèí áóóð÷

25 ñàÿ ãàðóé ìàë ñ¿ðãèéí òîäîðõîé õýñýã òýæýýëýýð õîìñäîæ, ìàëûí òîî òîëãîé, àøèã øèì áóóðàõàä

íºëººëæ áàéíà.

ÇÀÀÌÀÐ ÎÐ×ÈÌ ÄÀÕÜ ÒÓÓË ÃÎËÛÍ ÕªÍÄÈÉÍ ÕªÐÑÍÈÉ ªÍªªÃÈÉÍ ÁÀÉÄÀË, ØÈÍÆ ×ÀÍÀÐ

M.Ýíõòóÿà


Abstract

In recent years extraction of resources and mining in Mongolia are developing at a high speed. The main technology of mining industries is to extract the soil cover using heavy machinery. This kind of work is occuring in many areas and after the mining process, these areas are not being rehabilitated. This is leading to some ecological disasters such as degradation of pasture and forest soils, destruction of river shores, water pollution etc. Therefore, implementing the scientific basis for mitigating negative human impacts and natural disasters on the environment of these regions is the main issue in the field of nature protection. The main direction of our research is to investigate the soil erosion situation and environment in the Zaamar soum territory to implement rational utilization of natural resources and make recommendations on mitigating soil erosion in this region. Ò¿ëõ¿¿ð ¿ãñ: Àëò îëáîðëîò, õºðñíèé ýâäðýë

ÎÉÍ ÍªªÖ, ÎÉ ÕÀÌÃÀÀËÀË

ÌÎÄÄÛÍ Á¯ÒÖÈÉÍ Ç¯É ÒÎÃÒÎË

Æ.Öîãòáààòàð Ï.Áàòòóëãà


Abstract This thesis is about the structure of young larch stands. We have considered how the diameter series is distributed in young larch stands. Forest formation and natural thinning have been occurring relatively well in young larch stands of Torkhurhiin am of Bogdkhan mountain. In the forest, trees in the central series of diameter distribution are dominant. However, in the forest of Rashaant sum and the Upstream Tuul river, the diameter distribution is dominated by trees that are thinner than average. Natural thinning has been occurring slowly in these young larch stands.

Îðøèë

Èæèë íàñíû, æèãä á¿òýöòýé îé ýñâýë õîëèìîã íèéëìýë îéí íýã òàøèíãè, íàñíû íýã á¿ëýãò õàìààðàõ èæèë íºõöºëä óðãàæ áàéãàà íýã òºðëèéí ìîääûã îéí ýëåìåíò ãýíý õýìýýí Îðîñûí ýðäýìòýí Í.Ï.Àíó÷èí òîäîðõîéëñîí áàéíà. Îéí íýã ýëåìåíò íü îéðîëöîî íàñíû, íýã òºðëèéí ìîäíóóä áîëîâ÷ ìîä á¿ðèéí äèàìåòð, ºíäºð, ýçëýõ¿¿í íü õàðèëöàí àäèëã¿é áàéäàã.

Îéí íýã ýëåìåíòèéí ìîäíû õýìæýýíèé ýíý õàðèëöàí àäèëã¿é áàéäàëä òîãòâîðòîé äàâòàãäàõ ò¿ãýýìýë øèíæèéã îéí ìîääûí á¿òöèéí ç¿é òîãòîë ãýíý.

Îé ìîääûí á¿òöèéí ç¿é òîãòëûã Ë. Ôåêåòå (1902), Â. Âåéçå (1904), À. Øèôôåëü (1904), À.Â. Òþðèí (1924), Í.Â. Òðåòüÿêîâ (1927), Í. Ï. Àíó÷èí (1936) íàðûí îëîí ýðäýìòýä ñóäàëæ îíîë ïðàêòèêèéí èõ à÷ õîëáîãäîëòîé ¿ð ä¿íä õ¿ðñýí áàéíà.

Ñ.Ñ Øàíèí 1960, 1967 îíóóäàä Ñèáèðü îð÷ìûí íàðñ, øèíýñ ìîääûí á¿òöèéã, Â. Ñ Ìîèñååâ 1971 îíä òóñ îðíû áàðóóí, ç¿¿í õîéä áîëîí òºâèéí ðàéîíû áàéíà.

Îéí á¿òöèéí ç¿é òîãòëûã íýýí èëð¿¿ëýõýä ïðîô. À. Â. Òþðèí èõýýõýí õóâü íýìýð îðóóëæýý. Òýðýýð îéí á¿òöèéí ç¿é òîãòëûã á¿ä¿¿íèé õàðüöàíãóé ¿åëýëä òóëãóóðëàí ñóäëààä îé ìîä òîî õýìæýýãýýðýý á¿ä¿¿íèé õàðüöàíãóé ¿åëýëä õóâààðèëàãäàõ íü ¿íýìëýõ¿é äóíäàæ õýìæýý, ìîäíû òºðëººñ õàìààðàõã¿é òîãòâîðòîé áàéäãèéã áàòàëæýý (Ëåñíàÿ òàêñàöèÿ, 1977).

ÃÀÇÐÛÍ ÍªªÖ, ÃÀÇÀÐ ÀØÈÃËÀËÒ

ÌÎÍÃÎË ÎÐÍÛ ÁÝË×ÝÝÐÈÉÍ ÃÀÇÐÛÍ ÕªÐÑÍÈÉ ÝËÝÃÄÝË ÝÂÄÐÝË

Ä.Àâààäîðæ

ß.Áààñàíäîðæ


Abstract The research data shows that 78.8 % of the pasture land soil is eroded. Of this, 14.1 % is water eroded, 58.6 % water-wind eroded and 5.1 % wind eroded. Of the total area of Bayandelger soum, Sukhbaatar aimag, 96.6% suffered soil erosion. Of this, 20 % was moderately eroded and about 10 % was severely eroded. Our research showed that for sandy loams at a depth of 0 - 10cm, the quantity of silt was 21.7%, at 10-20 cm was 22.9% and at 20-30 cm was 25.1%. The decreased quantity of silt on the ground surface shows that soils are sensetive to wind erosion.

Õ¿í òºðºëõòíèé îðøèí òîãòíîë, õºãæèë äýâøèë ÿìàãò ãàçðûí íººö áà ò¿¿íèé ÷àíàðààð òîäîðõîéëîãäîæ èðñýí ò¿¿õòýé. Ãàçðûí ÷àíàðò õºðñíèé ýëýãäýë ýâäðýë øèã ñºðºã íºëººëäºã õ¿÷èí ç¿éë õîâîð þì.

Õºðñíèé øèðõýã¿¿ä óñààð óãààãäàæ, ñàëõèàð õèéñ÷ ¿¿ññýí àíõíû ãàçðààñàà çººãäºí ººð ãàçàð øèëæèæ, òîãòîö øèíæ ÷àíàðàà àëäàæ äîðîéòîõ ¿çýãäëèéã õºðñíèé ýëýãäýë ýâäðýë ãýæ òîìú¸îëñîí áàéäàã.

Áýë÷ýýðèéí ãàçðûí íººö, ò¿¿íèé óðãàìëàí á¿ðõ¿¿ëèéí îíöëîãò òîõèðóóëàí ìàëûã óëèðëààð ñýëãýí áýë÷ýýæ àøèãëàäàã óëàìæëàë íü óðãàìëûí ºñºëò õºãæèëò, ñýðãýí óðãàëòûã ñàéæðóóëààä çîãñîõã¿é, õºðñíèé ¿ðæèë øèì òîãòâîðòîé áàéæ, ýëýãäýë ýâäðýëèéã òýñâýðëýõ íºõöëèéã á¿ðä¿¿ëäýã áàéëàà.

Ìîíãîë îðîíä ñ¿¿ëèéí æèë¿¿äýä ãàí, çóäíû äàâòàìæ îéðòîæ, õºðñ í¿öãýð÷, á¿òöýý àëäàæ, øîðîîí øóóðãàòàé ºäðèéí òîî ýðñ íýìýãäýæ áàéãàà íü áýë÷ýýðèéí ãàçðûí õºðñ ýëýãäýë ýâäðýëä íýðâýãäýõ ¿íäñýí íºõöºë áîëæ áàéíà. Ìºí ãàçàð àøèãëàëòûí îëîí õýëáýð ¿¿ñýí áèé áîëñíîîð ãàçàð àøèãëàëò, õàìãààëàëòûí óëàìæëàëò àðãà ººð÷ëºãäºæ, ãàçàðò ¿ç¿¿ëýõ à÷ààëàë íýìýãäñýí íü áýë÷ýýðèéí óðãàìëàí íºìðºã òàëõëàãäàõ, õºðñ ýëýãäýë ýâäðýëä íýðâýãäýõ çýðãýýð ãàçðûí äîðîéòîë èõ áîëëîî. Ìàíàé îðîíä õàìãèéí ºðãºí òàðõñàí íü õ¿ðýí õýâ øèíæèéí õºðñ áºãººä íèéò íóòãèéí 50.0 õóâèéã

ýçëýõ áà ò¿¿íèé äîòîð 10.8 õóâèéã õàð õ¿ðýí õºðñ, 63.0 õóâèéã õ¿ðýí õºðñ, 17.6 õóâèéã öàéâàð õ¿ðýí

õºðñ, 8.6 õóâèéã íóãûí õ¿ðýí õºðñ ýçëýæ áàéíà

ÍÀÐÍÛ ÝÐ×ÈÌ Õ¯×ÈÉÃ ÀØÈÃËÀÆ ÁÀÉÃÀÀ ÒÓÐØÈËÒÛÍ ÇÀÐÈÌ ¯Ð Ä¯ÍÃÝÝÑ

Ò .Âàí÷èã, Ö.Ýðäýíýäàëàé*

Ö.Äîêèí**

*Ãåîýêîëîãèéí õ¿ðýýëýíãèéí Óñíû íººö, óñ àøèãëàëòûí ñàëáàð **ÇÃÕÀ-ûí Øóóäàí, öàõèëãààí õîëáîîíû ãàçðûí Íàðíû çàéí ¿éëäâýð

Abstract

We evaluated some domestically made and imported equipment that uses sun and wind energy to draw water

from an artesian well. In connection with this, we produced a technical plan of an installation and

experimented with it. We summarized the outcomes of previous works. Using the results of the above–mentioned

works, we designed equipment which is suitable for the social and economic situation of our country. We also

determined and investigated some possibilities to produce and install sun battery wells in our country.

Ò¿ëõ¿¿ð ¿ãñ: Óñíû ºðã¿¿ð, ãýðëèéí ýíåðãè, íàðíû çàé (äýëãýö), óñíû äóëààëãàòàé ñàâ, ìàë÷èí ºðõ,

õîò àéë, ôåðìåðèéí àæ àõóé, ìàë÷íû óñàí õàíãàìæ.

Í¯¯ÄÝÃ ÝËÑÈÉÃ ÇÎÃÑÎÎÕ ÕÀØËÀÃÛÍ ¯Ð ÍªËªªËËÈÉÃ ÑÓÄËÀÕ ÒÓÐØËÀÃÛÍ ÀÐÃÀÇ¯ÉÍ ÇÀÐÈÌ ÀÑÓÓÄÀË

Õ.Æàëáàà

À.Õàóëåíáåê Í.Ìàíäàõ

×.Íàðàíãýðýë


Abstract Recently, centers of the aimags, soums, some infrastructure and buildings such as roads, railways and agricultural land have been treathened by sand movement. Many water bodies in Gobi region including springs, rivers and small streams, and winter, summer pastures are also covered by sand. Foreign countries have had a lot of experiences in mitigating sand movement by planting vegetation and building barriers. Therefore, we need to implement the scientific basis for mitigating sand movement by building barriers and planting vegetation that are suitable for our country conditions. In this thesis we include some theoretical and methodological experiences on mitigating sand movement by building barriers. Ò¿ëõ¿¿ð ¿ãñ: Õàøëàãà, ýëñýí äîâ, äîâöîã, ìàíõàí. Îðøèë/Ñóäëàãäñàí áàéäàë Ìàíàé ãàðèãèéí òàâàí òèâèéí äºðâºä íü ýëñ èõ õýìæýýãýýð òàðõàæ òîãòæýý. Èéì èõ ýëñ á¿õèé óëñ îðíóóä í¿¿äýã ýëñèéã çîãñîîõîä òºðºë á¿ðèéí õàøëàãûã ºðãºí õýðýãëýæ áàéíà. Í¿¿äýã ýëñèéã òîãòîîæ áýõëýõ ¿íäñýí àðãà íü óðãàìàëæóóëàõ áºãººä òºðºë á¿ðèéí ìîä, ñººã, ºâñëºã óðãàìàë òàðèõûí ºìíº õàøëàãà, õàìãààëàëò çààâàë õèéäýã áàéíà. Ýíý õàøëàãûí òºðºë, õýëáýð, õýìæýýã òóõàéí íóòãèéí ýëñýí õóðèìòëàëûí ãàðàë, ¿¿ñýë, õºãæèë, ýëñíèé õºäºëãººíèé ç¿é òîãòîë, õºäëºë ç¿é, á¿ðýëäýõ¿¿í, ãàçàð íóòãèéí áàéðøèë, óóð àìüñãàëûí îíöëîãòîé óÿëäóóëàí ñîíãîíî. Äóíäàä Àçèéí óëñóóä ºíãºðñºí çóóíû äóíäààñ ýõëýí Êàðàêóì, Êûçûëêóìûí ýëñýí öºëèéí í¿¿äýã ýëñèéã òîãòîîæ áýõæ¿¿ëýõýä òºðºë á¿ðèéí õàøëàãà, õàìãààëàëòûã õèéæ òóðøèí îíîë, ¿éëäâýðëýëèéí áàÿëàã òóðøëàãûã õóðèìòëóóëæýý. Äóíäàä Àçèéí Óçáåê, Òóðêìåí çýðýã óëñóóä í¿¿äýã ñóë ýëñèéã áýõæ¿¿ëýõýä íÿãò, áîñîî õàìãààëàëò, ñèéðýã áîñîî èë õàìãààëàëò, áîñîî õàãàñ äàëä õàìãààëàëò, áîñîî äàëä õàìãààëàëò, õýâòýý çýðýãöýý òóóçàí õàìãààëàëò, õýâòýý äýâñìýë õàìãààëàëò ãýñýí 6 òºðëèéí [1] õàøëàãûã õýðýãëýæ áàéíà.

ÎÉÆÓÓËÀËÒÛÍ ÈÍÆÅÍÅÐ, ÀÕÌÀÄ ÝÐÄÝÌÒÝÍ ×ÓËÓÓÍÃÎÌÁÛÍ ÁÀÇÀÐÑÀÄ

Áèîëîãèéí óõààíû äîêòîð (PhD), äýä ïðîôåññîð ×.Áàçàðñàä íü 1942 îíä Õýíòèéí àéìãèéí

Áèíäýð ñóìûí Ñýð¿¿í-Ãàëòàéä òºðæ, 1961 îíä ªíäºðõààíû 10 æèëèéí ñóðãóóëü, 1966 îíä ÇÕÓ-ûí

Ëåíèíãðàä õîòûí (õóó÷èí íýðýýð) Îé, òåõíèêèéí àêàäåìèéã òóñ òóñ ä¿¿ðãýæ, îéí àæ àõóéí

èíæåíåðèéí ìýðãýæèë ýçýìøñýí.

×.Áàçàðñàä íü îéí ¿ðèéí àæ àõóé, ìîä ¿ðæ¿¿ëýã, îéæóóëàëòûí àæèëä àìüäðàëàà çîðèóëñàí

àõìàä îé ç¿é÷, ýðäýìòýí ñóäëàà÷ õ¿í.

Ìîíãîë Óëñàä îéæóóëàëòûí àæèë àíõ òºð çàñãèéí áîäëîãî áîëæ õýðýãæñýí 1971 îíä òºðèéí

ñàéäûí òóøààëààð òîìèëîãäñîí óëñûí àíõíû 11 îéæóóëàëòûí èíæåíåðèéí íýã. Òýð ¿åýñ ýõýëæ ìàíàéä

îéæóóëàëòûí èíæåíåð ãýäýã àëáàí òóøààë áèé áîëæýý.

×.Áàçàðñàä íü îéí àæ àõóéí ¿éëâýðëýëä 11 æèë, øèíæëýõ óõààíû ñàëáàðò 24 æèë, õîò

öýöýðëýãæ¿¿ëýõ àëáàíä 1 æèë àæèëëàñàí áàéíà.

Òýðáýýð Ñýëýíãèéí îéí àæ àõóéí îéí ¿ðèéí àæ àõóé, ìîä ¿ðæ¿¿ëýã, îéæóóëàëòûí àæëûí ¿íäýñ

ñóóðèéã òàâèëöñàí.

Óëñûí íàðñíû ¿ðèéí õýðýãöýýã õàíãàõ àæèëä îðîëöîæ, àíõíû 87.4 òí áîðîãöîéã áîëîâñðóóëæ,

¿ð àâàõ àæëûã ãàðäàí õèéëãýñýí. Ñýëýíãèéí îéí àæ àõóé, Õÿëãàíàòûí ìîä áýëòãýëèéí àæ àõóé,

ªâºðõàíãàéí Áàò-ªëçèé ñóìûí ìîä ¿ðæ¿¿ëãèéí àæëûã àíõ óäèðäàí çîõèîí áàéãóóëæ áàéñàí.

Ñýëýíãèéí Òóæèéí íàðñàíä àíõíû îéæóóëàëòûí àæëûã 50 ãàðóé ãà, Õÿëãàíàòûí ìîä áýëòãýëèéí àæ

àõóéí íóòàãò 525 ãà òàëáàéä òóñ òóñ ººðèéí áîëîâñðóóëñàí çóðàã òºñëººð îéæóóëàëòûí àæëûã

õèéëãýñýí.

Óëñ õóâüñãàëûí 60 æèëèéí îéãîîð íèéñëýë õîòûí íîãîîí áàéãóóëàìæèéí àñóóäëûã õàðèóöàí,

Çàñãèéí Ãàçðûí îðäîíû ºðãºòãºë, ÄÑÍÊ, 1 ä¿ãýýð àìàðæèõ ãàçðûí ç¿¿í òàëûí òàëáàéí òîõèæèëò,

öýöýðëýãæ¿¿ëýëòèéí àæëûã áèå÷ëýí çîõèîí áàéãóóëñàí.

×.Áàçàðñàä íü ýõ îðíû îéò õýýð, õýýð, ãîâü öºëèéí á¿ñýä ìîä, ñººãíèé òàðüö, ñóóëãàö óðãóóëàõ,

îéæóóëàõ ñóäàëãààíû àæëûã äàíãààð áóþó áóñàä çàëóó ñóäëàà÷èäòàé õàìòðàí ã¿éöýòãýñýí.

Íàðñ, øèíýñíèé òàðüöûã íèéëýã õàëüñàí õ¿ëýìæèíä óðãóóëàõ ñóäàëãààíû àæëààð 1983 îíä

áèîëîãèéí óõààíû äîêòîðûí çýðýã õàìãààëñàí.

Õàéëàñ, àã÷, óëèàñ, áóðãàñ, ÷àöàðãàíà, øàð õóàéñ, õîíõîò õàðãàíà, òîîðîé, æèãä, ñóõàé çýðýã

íàâ÷èò ìîä, ñººãíèé òàðüö, ñóóëãàö óðãóóëàõ ñóäàëãààíû àæèëä óäèðäàã÷, ã¿éöýòãýã÷ýýð îðîëöîæ áàéâ.

Îéí ìåëèîðàöèéí ñóäàëãààíû àæëûã (Ð.Àâàðçýäèéí äàðàà) ¿ðãýëæë¿¿ëýí, òàðèà, õ¿íñíèé

íîãîîíû òàëáàéí õºðñ, ìàë ñ¿ðãèéã øóóðãà, ñàëõè, èõ õàëóóí, õ¿éòíýýñ õàìãààëàõ îéí çóðâàñ, òºãºë îé

òàðüæ óðãóóëàõ ñóäàëãààíä óëèàñ, õàéëàñ, õóñ, ÷àöàðãàíà, ºðºë, áóðãàñ çýðýã ìîä, ñººãèéã õýðýãëýõ

áîëîìæèéã ñóäëàâ.

“Îé - ýðäýíý” íîìûã áóñàäòàé õàìòðàí îð÷óóëæ, “Ìîä ÿàæ òàðüäàã âý?”, “Îéæóóëàëò” çýðýã

íîì, 100 îð÷èì ýðäýì øèíæèëãýýíèé áîëîí íèéòëýã ºã¿¿ëýë áè÷èæ õýâë¿¿ëýâ.

Îéí ¿ðèéí àæ àõóé, ìîä ¿ðæ¿¿ëýã, îéæóóëàëòòàé õîëáîîòîé 20 îð÷èì çààâàð çºâëºìæ, 10 ãàðóé

îíîâ÷òîé ñàíàë, àøèãòàé çàãâàð áîëîâñðóóëæ ¿éëäâýðëýëä øèëæ¿¿ëæ íýâòð¿¿ëñýí áàéíà.

×.Áàçàðñàä íü Ñýëýíãèéí Îéí ÒÌÑ, Õÿëãàíàòûí Îéí Òåõíèêóìä áàãøèëæ áàéñàí áà áàêàëàâð,

ìàãèñòðûí àæèë 5, äîêòîðûí (PhD) àæèë 2-ûã òóñ òóñ óäèðäñàí.

×.Áàçàðñàä íü îé, ìîäíû àæ ¿éëäâýð, áàéãàëü îð÷èí, øèíæëýõ óõààíû ñàëáàðûí òýðã¿¿íèé

àæèëòàí áºãººä Õºäºëìºðèéí õ¿íäýò ìåäàëü, Àëòàí ãàäàñ îäîíãîîð øàãíàãäñàí.

Øèíæëýõ óõààí, ¿éëäâýðëýëèéí óÿëäàà õîëáîîã ñàéæðóóëæ, ÿìàãò øèíý ñàíàà, øèéäëèéí ýðýëä

ÿâæ, àëèâààä øóëóóí øóäðàãà áàéõûã ýðõýìëýäýã íü àõìàä ýðäýìòýí ×.Áàçàðñàäûí àìüäðàëûí çàð÷èì

áèëýý.

ÎÍÎÍ-ÁÀËÆÈÉÍ ÁÀÉÃÀËÈÉÍ ÖÎÃÖÎËÁÎÐÒ ÃÀÇÐÛÍ ÌÅÍÅÆÌÅÍÒÈÉÍ ÇÀÐÈÌ

ÀÑÓÓÄÀË

À.Ýíõìàíëàé


Abstract

In this thesis we include some results of research works on environment condition, nature resources and capacity

of Onon-Balj nature conservation territory. Also we determine some negative influence on the nature of this

region and implement recommendations to mitigate them.

Ò¿ëõ¿¿ð ¿ãñ: Áàéãàëèéí öîãöîëáîðò ãàçàð, ìåíåæìåíò, áàéãàëèéí íººöèéí õýëáýëçýë, àþóë çàíàë.

Îðøèë

Äýëõèéí õ¿í àìûí ºñºëò, óëñ îðíóóäûí íèéãýì-ýäèéí çàñãèéí õºãæëèéí õóðäàö íü áàéãàëèéí

íººöèéí ¿éëäâýðëýë áîëîí àõóé äàõü õýðýãëýýíèé ýðýëòèéã èõýñãýæ áàéãàà ºíºº ¿åä áàéãàëü îð÷íûã

äîðîéòëîîñ õàìãààëàõ, ýêîëîãèéí òýíöâýðò áàéäëûã õàíãàõ ÿâäàë íü òóõàéí óëñ îðíû òºäèéã¿é õ¿í

òºðºëõòíèé ºìíº íýí òóëãàìäñàí àñóóäëóóäûí íýã áîëîîä áàéíà. 1992 îíä Áðàçèëèéí Ðèî äå Æàíåéðî

õîòíîî õóðàëäñàí “Îð÷èí áà õºãæèë”, 2002 îíû 8-ð ñàðä ªÀÁÍÓûí Éîõàíñáóðã õîòíîî õóðàëäñàí

“Ðèî+10” äýëõèéí äýýä õýìæýýíèé ÷óóëãàíóóäààð ýêîëîãèéí ÷èã áàðèìæààòàéãààð òîãòâîðòîé õºãæèõ

õºãæëèéí õàíäëàãûã òîäîðõîéëñíîîð óëñ îðíóóä 21-ð çóóíû õºãæëèéí õºòºëáºð, ñòðàòåãèà

áîëîâñðóóëæ áàéíà. Èéìä òóõàéí íóòãèéí áàéãàëèéí áàÿëãèéí íººö, áèîëîãèéí òºðºë ç¿éëèéã

íàðèéâ÷ëàí ñóäëàõ, áàéãàëèéí íººö áàÿëãèéí òîãòâîðòîé àøèãëàëòûã õàíãàõ àñóóäëûã öîãöîëáîðîîð

øèéäýõýä øèíæëýõ óõààíû ¿íäýñòýé õàíäàõ ÿâäàë ÷óõëààð øààðäàãäàæ áàéíà.

ÑÀÂËÀÑÀÍ ÝÐÄÝÑ ÓÑÍÛ ×ÀÍÀÐ ÁÀ ØÀÀÐÄËÀÃÀ

Ë.Æàí÷èâäîðæ ×.Æàâçàí

Á.Öýíãýëìàà


Abstract Fresh water resources in Mongolia are rich, but their utilization is limited. There are more than 10 companies that manufacture mineral water in our country, but they do not have the required technologies and often bottle non-mineral water. This can have some negative consequences for human health. It is not necessary to import fresh water products from foreign countries, but we must improve our technology on producing fresh water products, and use our own fresh water resources to produce healthy and high quality products. Ò¿ëõ¿¿ð ¿ãñ: ýðäýñ óñ, îðãàíèçì, ýëåìåíò, ýðäýñæèëò. Îðøèë Ìàíàé äýëõèé äýýð þóãààð÷ îðëóóëæ áîëäîãã¿é õèðíýý þóíààñ ÷ èë¿¿ ìºíõèéí õýðýãòýé öîðûí ãàíö ç¿éë áîë óñ áèëýý. Òèéìýýñ ÷ äýëõèéí õýìæýýíä óñ íü õºãæëèéí òóëãàìäñàí çîðèëò áîëæ áàéãàà áºãººä òîãòâîðòîé õºãæèëä óñíû áîäëîãî, ñòðàòåãè, ìåíåæìåíò òýðã¿¿ëýõ à÷ õîëáîãäîëòîéí çýðýãöýý õ¿íèé ýð¿¿ë, àþóëã¿é áàéäëûã õàíãàõàä óñíû ÷àíàðûã ñàéæðóóëàõ, õàÿãäàëã¿é àøèãëàõ, áîõèð óñ öýâýðëýãýýíèé ìåíåæìåíòèéã áîëîâñðîíãóé áîëãîõ àñóóäàë ÷óõàë áàéð ñóóðü ýçýëæ, õ¿í òºðºëõòºíèé àíõààðëûã òàòñààð áàéãàà áèëýý. Äýëõèéí õóóðàéøèë õèéãýýä áàéãàëü îð÷íû áàéäëûã õàäãàëñàí òîãòâîðòîé õºãæëèéí ò¿ëõ¿¿ð ýëåìåíòèéã óñíû íººö ãýæ Í¯Á íýãýíò õ¿ëýýí çºâøººð÷ õîëáîãäîõ àðãà õýìæýý àâ÷ ýõëýýä áàéíà. Óñíû íººö çºâõºí áàéãàëèéí ïðîöåññ áèø áàñ íèéãìèéí ¿éëäâýðëýëèéí îíöãîé õ¿ðýýíä áàãòàõ áîëëîî. Èõýíõ õ¿ì¿¿ñ óñûã áàéãàëèàñ çàÿàñàí øèðãýøã¿é àðâèí áàÿëàã, õàà ñàéã¿é áàéäàã ýãýë æèðèéí ë ç¿éë ãýæ îéëãîäîã. Òýãâýë óñàíä áàðàã á¿õ òºðëèéí áîäèñóóä óóñàõ áºãººä òýäãýýðèéí óóññàí õýìæýý íü îëîí õ¿÷èí ç¿éëèéí íºëººíººñ áîëîîä õàðèëöàí àäèëã¿é áàéäãèéí ãàäíà óñ áîëãîíûã òóõàéí òóõàéí çîðèóëàëòààð àøèãëàæ áîëäîãã¿é. Õàðèí ìîíãîë÷óóä õààíà ÿìàð óñ áàéíà ò¿¿íèéã óóæ õýðýãëýäýã çàíøèëòàé àðä ò¿ìýí. Òèéìýýñ ÷ óñíû ÷àíàðûí äîãîëäëîîñ íóòàãøìàë ºâ÷ëºëò èõ ìýäðýãääýã. Õ¿íèé áèå ººðòºº òîõèðñîí òîäîðõîé ÷àíàð, íàéðëàãà á¿õèé óñûã øààðääàã íü õ¿íèé ýð¿¿ë ñàðóóë áàéõ íýã ãîë ¿íäýñ áîëäîã.

ÒÎÌÎÎÕÎÍ ÍÓÒÀÃ ÄÝÂÑÃÝÐÈÉÍ ÃÀÇÀÐ ÄÎÎÐÕ ÓÑÍÛ ÀØÈÃËÀËÒÛÍ ÍªªÖ ÁÀßËÃÈÉÍ ¯ÍÝËÃÝÝ ÕÈÉÕ

ÎÍÎË- ÀÐÃÀÇ¯ÉÍ ÀÑÓÓÄÀËÄ

Ï.Õºõºº * Ã.Öýðýíæàâ** Í.Æàäàìáàà**

*”Íýìýð èíòåðíýøíë” ÕÕÊ ** Ãåîýêîëîãèéí õ¿ðýýëýí, Óñíû íººö, óñ àøèãëàëòûí ñàëáàð

Abstract

One important part of land resource assessment is the exploration of ground- water resources that can potentially be exploited. To properly implement the new Land Law, the assessment of ground- water resources is essential. Therefore this thesis includes some reults on the assessment of ground-water reserves in the Mandakh soum of Dornogobi aimag.

Ò¿ëõ¿¿ð ¿ãñ: ãèäðîãåîëîãèéí ìàññèâ, òåêòîíèê õàãàðàë, ò¿ðëýãò óñ, òýæýýãäýõ íººö, óñ ºãºìæ

Îðøèë Ìàíàé óëñàä Ãàçðûí òóõàé õóóëü õýðýãæèæ ýõýëñýíòýé õîëáîãäîí ãàçðûí ¿íýëãýýã øèíæëýõ óõààíû ¿íäýñëýë ñàéòàé õèéõ øààðäëàãà ãàð÷ èðëýý. Ò¿¿íèé ñàëøã¿é íýã õýñýã íü ãàçàð äîîðõ óñíû àøèãëàëòûí íººö áàÿëãèéã ¿íýëýõ ÿâäàë þì. Ýíý íü ãàçàð äîîðõ óñíû íººö áàÿëãèéã òîìîîõîí íóòàã äýâñãýðèéí õýìæýýãýýð óðüä÷èëàí òîîöîõîä ÷èãëýãäýõ áºãººä óñíû íººö áàÿëãèéã áîõèðäîëòîîñ õàìãààëàõ, õýò èõ àøèãëàæ øàâõàãäàõ, ýêîëîãèéí òýíöâýð àëäàãäàõààñ ñýðãèéëýí áîëãîîìæèëæ, ò¿¿íèéã íýãäìýëýýð àøèãëàõ àñóóäëûã õºíäºíº. Óñíû íººö, ò¿¿íèé òàðõàëòûí áàéäëààñ õàìààð÷ ¿éëäâýðëýõ õ¿÷íèé õºãæèë, íÿãòðàë, áàéðøèë øèéäâýðëýãäýíý. ¯¿ãýýðýý óñ íü ãàçðûí àñóóäàëòàé õîëáîãäîíî. Òîäîðõîé íóòàã äýâñãýðèéí õýìæýýãýýð, òóõàéëáàë, íýã ñóì, ä¿¿ðãèéí íóòàã äýâñãýðò ãàçàð äîîðõ óñíû íººö áàÿëãèéí òàðõàëòûã òîäîðõîéëáîë õààíà, ÿìàð ¿éëäâýðëýë, ¿éë÷èëãýýíèé îáúåêò áàéãóóëàõ òàëààð ÷èãëýë ãàðãàæ, ìàñòåð òºëºâëºãºº áîëîâñðóóëàõ, óñíû íàðèéâ÷èëñàí õàéãóóë, ñóäàëãàà ÿâóóëàõ òàëáàé ñîíãîõ, ãàçðûí ¿íýëãýý õèéõ çýðýã àæëóóäûí ¿íäýñëýë òàâèãäàõ áîëíî.

ÒªÂ ÀÉÌÃÈÉÍ ÆÀÐÃÀËÀÍÒÛÍ ÓÑÀÍ ÑÀÍÄ ÇÀÃÀÑ ÍÓÒÀÃØÓÓËÀÕ ÒÓÐØÈËÒ ÑÓÄÀËÃÀÀÍÛ ¯Ð Ä¯ÍÃÝÝÑ

Ã.Äîëãîðñ¿ðýí Ì.Ýðäýíýáàò


Abstract

One of the main objectives of the project “Bigger channel, reservoirs and Rural development” is to introduce fish in to the reservoirs which were built for the irrigation system. The project has been approved by the Ministry of Agriculture and will be implemented at the Institute of Geoecology. Nowdays, the largest reserviors are not in a satisfactory condition for use. Therefore it is nessecary to improve the benefits of reservoirs. In the frame of this work we have chosen Jargalant reservoir of Tuv aimag. It is in an effective position, has adequate infrastructure and is open to the market. Experimental work is being undertaken to introduce some commercially valuable fish species to this reservior. Some results of this work are discussed in this paper. Ò¿ëõ¿¿ð ¿ãñ: óñíû íººö, ÷àíàð, ò¿ðñ, ïëàíêòîí, õàâ÷

ÓËÀÀÍÁÀÀÒÀÐ ÕÎÒÛÍ ÕªÐÑÍÈÉ ÁÎÕÈÐÄËÛÃ Õ¯ÍÄ ÝËÅÌÅÍÒ ÁÎËÎÍ ÁÈ×ÈË ÁÈÅÒÍÝÝÐ ÒÎÄÎÐÕÎÉËÎÕ ÀÑÓÓÄÀËÄ

Ä.Ìÿãìàðñ¿ðýí


Abstract In this thesis we present some soil pollution data from Ulaanbaatar city and compare the amount of heavy metals and microorganisms in the soil. For these comparisions we chose 4 sites in heavily polluted areas of the city, and compare this data with control point data and recent research. Ò¿ëõ¿¿ð ¿ã. Õºðñíèé áîõèðäîë, õ¿íä ýëåìåíò, õ¿íä ýëåìåíòèéí àãóóëàìæ, áè÷èë áèåòýí, áè÷èë áèåòíèé òîî Îðøèë Óëààíáààòàð õîòûí õ¿ðýýëýí áàéãàà îð÷íû òýíöâýðò áàéäëûí òàëààð ºíººãèéí òºâøèíä õèéãäñýí ñóäàëãààí äýýð ¿íäýñëýí õîò áàéãóóëàëòûí ¿éë ÿâöûã îíîâ÷òîé áîëãîõ ¿¿äíýýñ õ¿í àìûí ýð¿¿ë ìýíä, àìüäðàëûí õýâèéí íºõöºëòýé óÿëäóóëñàí øèíæëýõ óõààíû ¿íäýñòýé áîäëîãî ÿâóóëàõ øààðäëàãà ç¿é ¸ñîîð òàâèãäàæ áàéíà. Óëààíáààòàð õîòûí îðøèí ñóóã÷äûí àÿ òóõòàé àìüäðàõàä ñºðºã íºëºº ¿ç¿¿ëæ áóé õ¿ðýýëýí áóé îð÷íû áîõèðäëûí òóõàé îéëãîëòîä ò¿¿íèé ¿íäñýí ýëåìåíò¿¿ä áîëîõ àãààð, óñ, õºðñíèé áîõèðäîë, óðãàìëàí á¿ðõýâ÷èéí äîðîéòîë, òàëõëàãäàë, ñóóðüøëûí á¿ñýä íºëººëæ áóé ôèçèê íºëººëºë çýðýã áàãòàíà. Óëààíáààòàð õîòûí íóòàã äýâñãýð íü Õýíòèéí íóðóóíû áàðóóí óðä õýñãèéí ñàëáàð óóëñ, óóëûí îéò õýýð, õóóðàé õýýðèéí çàâñðûí á¿ñ, Òóóë ãîëûí àé ñàâ íóòàãò áàéðëàíà. Íèéñëýë Óëààíáààòàð õîòûí òºâ õýñýã íü Òóóë ãîëûí õºíäèéí äàãóó 1300-1350 ì-èéí ºíäºðò, õîéò òàëààðàà Õýíòèéí íóðóóíû ñàëáàð ×èíãýëòýé óóë (2300 ì ä.ò.ä) óðä òàëààðàà Áîãä óóëààð (2650 ì ä.ò.ä.) õ¿ðýýëýãäýí îðøèíî. Õîò îð÷ìûí äýâñãýð íóòàã íü àãààðûí ñîëèëöîî ìóó ó÷èð õºðñ áîõèðäîõ íýã íºõöºë áîëäîã. Ìºí áàðèëãà, çàì òýýâýð, õ¿íèé íºëºº, ¿éëäâýðèéí îíöëîãîîñ øàëòãààëàí Óëààíáààòàð õîòûí îð÷ìûí óóð àìüñãàë á¿ðýëäýí òîãòîõ ç¿é òîãòîë ºâºðìºö øèíæòýé. Ýíý íü äóëààí, õ¿éòíèé õýëáýëçýë, ñàëõèíû ÷èãëýë, õóðä, õóð òóíàäàñíû õóâèàðëàëòààñ áèé áîëäîã. Õîòûí ìàíàí, óòàà, àýðîçîëèîñ õàìààð÷ õîò îð÷èìä íàðíû öàöðàãèéí ñóëðàëò áèé áîëäîã çýðýã îíöëîãóóä èëðýíý[7]. Õîòûí õºðñ íü áàéãàëü–õ¿í–òåõíèêèéí ¿éë àæèëëàãààíû õàðèëöàí ¿éë÷ëýëèéí øóóä òóñãàë áîëñîí ºâºðìºö òîãòîëöîî ìºí áºãººä õîòîä áàéãàëèéí óóãóóë õºðñíèé ä¿ð òºðõ á¿ðìºñºí àëäàãäàí ýâäýð÷ ¿ã¿é áîëæýý. Ãýõäýý õºðñºí äýõ áîäèñûí ýðãýëòýíä áèîãåíèéí (øèì ãàðàëòàé) ýëåìåíò¿¿äèéí îðîëöîî áàãàñ÷, òåõíîãåí ýëåìåíò¿¿äèéí îðîëöîî õýò äàâàìãàéëàõ òóë áîäèñûí ýðãýëòèéí øèíæ òºëºâ ¿íäñýýðýý ººð÷ëºãäºæ óëìààð õºðñºíä õ¿íä ýëåìåíòèéí õóðèìòëàë ¿¿ñ÷, áîõèðäóóëàã÷ áîäèñûí áººãíºðºë áèé áîëäîã àæýý. Õ¿íä ýëåìåíòèéí õóðèìòëàëààñ áîëæ õºðñ áîõèðäîõ õàìãèéí áàãà õóãàöàà íü 5-10 æèë áàéäàã ãýæ ñóäëàà÷èä òîîöäîã áîëîâ÷ çàðèì ýëåìåíòèéí õóâüä òóõàéëáàë ìûøüÿê, öàéð çýðýã ýëåìåíò 1-2 æèëèéí õóãàöààíä áîõèðäóóëàõ íºëºº ¿ç¿¿ëäýã[1]. Ýíýõ¿¿ ºã¿¿ëýëä äýýðõ áîõèðäëûí ýëåìåíò¿¿äýýñ çºâõºí õºðñíèé áîõèðäëûã ñîíãîí àâ÷ ò¿¿íèéã Óëààíáààòàð õîòûí õàðüöàíãóé áîõèðäîëòîé áàéõ ¿íäýñòýé 4 öýãò ã¿éöýòãýæ ò¿¿íèéãýý õÿíàëòûí öýãòýé õàðüöóóëàí ¿çëýý. Õºðñíèé áîõèðäëûã àâ÷ ¿çýõäýý õºðñºí äýõ õ¿íä ýëåìåíò¿¿äèéí áîëîí áè÷èë áèåòíèé àãóóëàìæààð õàðüöóóëàí òîäîðõîéëîõ îðîëäëîãî õèéëýý. Ýíý íü ºìíºõ ýíý ÷èãëýëèéí ñóäàëãààíóóäààñ øèíýëýã áºãººä áèäíèé ñóäàëãààíû ¿ð ä¿íã àëü ÷ òºâøèíé àæèëä õýðýãëýõ áîëîìæòîé ãýæ ¿çýæ áàéíà. Ñóäàëãààíû ¿ð ä¿í öàã õóãàöààíààñ èõýýõýí õàìààðàëòàé, õºðñíèé áîõèðäîëä óëèðëûí áàéäàëòàé óÿëäàí ººð÷ëºëò èëýð÷ áàéäàã. Èéìä óã ñóäàëãàà íü 2003 îíû 4-ð ñàðä àâñàí äýýæèíä õèéñýí øèíæèëãýýíèé ¿ð ä¿íä òóëãóóðëàñàí áîëîõûã òýìäýãëýå.

ÓÐÃÀÌËÛÍ ÌÎÍÈÒÎÐÈÍÃ ÁÀ ÖªËÆÈËÒ

Ì. Áàÿñãàëàí

Áàéãàëü Îð÷íû ßàìíû Ìýäýýëýë Òîîöîîëëûí Òºâ Abstract This paper presents results using the Normalized Vegetation Index(NDVI) obtained from NOAA satellite data for vegetation, drought monitoring and desertification. Example studies have been done in the Sukhbaatar aimag. The NDVI has good correlation with temperature(r=0.86-0.91), and precipitation(r=0.70-0.82). Within Sukhbaatar aimag since 1990, a general tendency of decreasing of NDVI has been deteremined. In some soums such as Bayandelger, Tuvshinshiree, Ongon and Naran, values of NDVI are relatively low, even in years with good summer conditions, and droughts occur more frequently. These factors indicate desertification in these areas.

ÓÑÍÛ ÍªªÖÈÉÍ ÇÓÐÀÃ ÇÎÕÈÎÕÎÄ ØÀÀÐÄËÀÃÀÒÀÉ ÃÀÇÀÐÇ¯ÉÍ ÌÝÄÝÝËËÈÉÍ ÑÀÍÃ Á¯ÐÄ¯¯ËÝÕ ÀÑÓÓÄÀËÄ

Ã.Óäâàëöýöýã


Abstract

In the Water and water utilization division, a hydrological database was established several years ago. To develop and extend the database, it was necessary to add image information. According to this purpose, the 1:500 000 scale map of the Selenge river basin and the 1:1000 000 scale Mongolian hydrographic map were converted into electronic versions using ARCVIEW GIS software. Ò¿ëõ¿¿ð ¿ãñ: Ãàçàðç¿éí ìýäýýëëèéí ñèñòåì , áàéðç¿éí çóðàã, êîìïüþòåð,ïðîãðàìì õàíãàìæ, ãàäàðãûí óñ, ãîë ìºðºí, íóóð Îðøèë Çóðàã ç¿éí àæëûí îð÷èí öàãèéí àñóóäëûí õàìãèéí ÷óõàë íü Ãàçàð ç¿éí ìýäýýëëèéí ñèñòåìèéã á¿ðä¿¿ëýõ ÿâäàë þì. Îð÷èí ¿åä êîìïüþòåðèéí òåõíèê äýýð ñóóðèëàãäñàí ºðãºí áîëîìæ ºíäºð õ¿÷èí ÷àäàëòàé òºðºë á¿ðèéí ñóäàëãàà øèíæèëãýýíèé ïðîãðàìì õàíãàìæ, ñèñòåì áèé áîëñîîð áàéãàà áºãººä ¿¿íèé íýã òîäîðõîé æèøýý íü ãàçàðç¿éí ìýäýýëëèéí ñèñòåì þì. Áàðóóíû îðíóóäàä Ãàçàðç¿éí ìýäýýëëèéí ñèñòåìèéã õºãæ¿¿ëýõ àæèëëàãàà ýð÷èìòýé ýõýëæ, 1980-ààä îíû ñ¿¿ë÷ ¿åýñ öýöýãëýëòèéíõýý øàòàíä îðñîí þì Ìàíàé óëñàä ÃÌÑ-èéã àøèãëàõ, òóðøèõ àæëûã 1980-ààä îíû òºãñãºëººñ ýõýëñýí áà îäîî ãåîìýäýýã àøèãëàäàã áàéãóóëàãóóäàä áîëîí ÿëàíãóÿà õóâèéí õýâøëèéíõýíèé õóâüä ÃÌÑ-èéí òåõíèê, òåõíîëîãóóäûã ºðãºíººð àøèãëàæ áàéíà Õýäèéãýýð ìàíàé îðîíä òîîí ìýäýýëëèéí ñàíã áàéãóóëàõ, àíàëîã ìýäýýëëèéã òîîí õýëáýðò õºðâ¿¿ëýõ àæèë ýð÷èìòýé ÿâàãäàæ áàéãàà ÷ ãýñýí íàðèéí çºâ çîõèîí áàéãóóëàëòòàé îðîí çàéí ìýäýýëëèéí ñàíã áàéãóóëàõ, ìýäýýëëèéí íýãäñýí ñòàíäàðòûã ñîíãîõ çýðýã àñóóäëóóä øèéäýãäýýã¿é õýâýýð áàéãàà íü ýíý òàëûí óëñûí íýãäñýí áîäëîãî áàéõã¿é áàéãààòàé õîëáîîòîé þì.

ÓÑÍÛ ÍªªÖÈÉÍ ÇÓÐÀÃ ÇÎÕÈÎÕÎÄ ØÀÀÐÄËÀÃÀÒÀÉ ÃÀÇÀÐÇ¯ÉÍ ÌÝÄÝÝËËÈÉÍ ÑÀÍÃ Á¯ÐÄ¯¯ËÝÕ ÀÑÓÓÄÀËÄ

Ã.Óäâàëöýöýã


Abstract

In the Water and water utilization division, a hydrological database was established several years ago. To develop and extend the database, it was necessary to add image information. According to this purpose, the 1:500 000 scale map of the Selenge river basin and the 1:1000 000 scale Mongolian hydrographic map were converted into electronic versions using ARCVIEW GIS software. Ò¿ëõ¿¿ð ¿ãñ: Ãàçàðç¿éí ìýäýýëëèéí ñèñòåì , áàéðç¿éí çóðàã, êîìïüþòåð,ïðîãðàìì õàíãàìæ, ãàäàðãûí óñ, ãîë ìºðºí, íóóð Îðøèë Çóðàã ç¿éí àæëûí îð÷èí öàãèéí àñóóäëûí õàìãèéí ÷óõàë íü Ãàçàð ç¿éí ìýäýýëëèéí ñèñòåìèéã á¿ðä¿¿ëýõ ÿâäàë þì. Îð÷èí ¿åä êîìïüþòåðèéí òåõíèê äýýð ñóóðèëàãäñàí ºðãºí áîëîìæ ºíäºð õ¿÷èí ÷àäàëòàé òºðºë á¿ðèéí ñóäàëãàà øèíæèëãýýíèé ïðîãðàìì õàíãàìæ, ñèñòåì áèé áîëñîîð áàéãàà áºãººä ¿¿íèé íýã òîäîðõîé æèøýý íü ãàçàðç¿éí ìýäýýëëèéí ñèñòåì þì. Áàðóóíû îðíóóäàä Ãàçàðç¿éí ìýäýýëëèéí ñèñòåìèéã õºãæ¿¿ëýõ àæèëëàãàà ýð÷èìòýé ýõýëæ, 1980-ààä îíû ñ¿¿ë÷ ¿åýñ öýöýãëýëòèéíõýý øàòàíä îðñîí þì Ìàíàé óëñàä ÃÌÑ-èéã àøèãëàõ, òóðøèõ àæëûã 1980-ààä îíû òºãñãºëººñ ýõýëñýí áà îäîî ãåîìýäýýã àøèãëàäàã áàéãóóëàãóóäàä áîëîí ÿëàíãóÿà õóâèéí õýâøëèéíõýíèé õóâüä ÃÌÑ-èéí òåõíèê, òåõíîëîãóóäûã ºðãºíººð àøèãëàæ áàéíà Õýäèéãýýð ìàíàé îðîíä òîîí ìýäýýëëèéí ñàíã áàéãóóëàõ, àíàëîã ìýäýýëëèéã òîîí õýëáýðò õºðâ¿¿ëýõ àæèë ýð÷èìòýé ÿâàãäàæ áàéãàà ÷ ãýñýí íàðèéí çºâ çîõèîí áàéãóóëàëòòàé îðîí çàéí ìýäýýëëèéí ñàíã áàéãóóëàõ, ìýäýýëëèéí íýãäñýí ñòàíäàðòûã ñîíãîõ çýðýã àñóóäëóóä øèéäýãäýýã¿é õýâýýð áàéãàà íü ýíý òàëûí óëñûí íýãäñýí áîäëîãî áàéõã¿é áàéãààòàé õîëáîîòîé þì.

ÖÀÃÀÀÍ ÖÀÂÛÍ ÐÀÉÎÍÛ ÃÀÇÀÐ ÄÎÎÐÕ ÓÑ, Ò¯¯ÍÈÉ ÃÈÄÐÎÃÅÎËÎÃÈ- ÃÅÎÔÈÇÈÊÈÉÍ ÇÀÐÈÌ ÎÍÖËÎÃ

Ï.Õºõºº*

Ä.Ëõàãâàäîðæ* Ã.Öýðýíæàâ**

* “Íýìýð èíòåðíýøíë” ÕÕÊ **Ãåîýêîëîãèéí õ¿ðýýëýí, Óñíû íººö, óñ àøèãëàëòûí ñàëáàð

Abstract In this article we consider the system of the upper Cretaceous era to determine some specific characterisfics of hydrogeology and geophysics of Sainshand svit. The geophysical model based on previous prospecting surveys and materials of drilling is shown.

Ò¿ëõ¿¿ð ¿ãñ: ãåîöàõèëãààí ç¿ñýëò, ñâèò, òàéëàë, óíäàðãà, õóðäàñ

Äîðíîãîâü àéìàãò îðøäîã Öàãààí öàâûí ðàéîíû ãàçàð äîîðõ óñíû ñóäàëãààã 1938- 1983 îíä ãèäðîãåîëîãèéí òóñãàéëñàí àíãè, ýêñïåäèöè, îðîí íóòãèéí óñíû àæ àõóéí áàéãóóëëàãà õèéæ èðñýí ÷ íýãòãýñýí ìàòåðèàë õàðààõàí àëãà áàéíà. Ýíý àæëààð ºìíºõ ñóäëàà÷äûí òàéëàí áîëîí çîõèîã÷äûí ººðñäèéí îðîëöîîòîéãîîð ã¿éöýòãýñýí ñ¿¿ëèéí æèë¿¿äèéí ãèäðîãåîëîãè- ãåîôèçèêèéí àæëûí òàéëàí, àíõàí øàòíû ìàòåðèàëóóäûã õàðüöóóëàí íýãòãýæ àíàëèç õèéõ, óëìààð óã ðàéîíû ãèäðîãåîëîãèéí çàðèì îíöëîãèéã èëð¿¿ëýõ, óñ àãóóëàõ ÷àäàìæààð õàðüöàíãóé ºíäºð ìàãàäëàëòàé äýýä Öýðäèéí ñèñòåìèéí Ñàéíøàíäûí ñâèòèéí õóðäàñ ÷óëóóëãèéí ôèçèê øèíæ ÷àíàðààð ãåîôèçèêèéí çàãâàð÷ëàë ãàðãàõ çîðèëò òàâèâ.

ÖªËÆÈËÒªÍÄ Õ¯×ÒÝÉ ÍÝÐÂÝÃÄÑÝÍ ÒªÂ ÑÓÓÐÈÍ ÃÀÇÀÐ ÎÐ×ÌÛÍ ÓÐÃÀÌËÀÍ ÍªÌÐªÃÈÉÍ ªªÐ×ËªËÒ

À.Õàóëåíáåê, Ä.Äýëãýðæàðãàë


Abstract The natural protection from land and soil degradation is vegetation cover. The main causes of desertification is land and soil degradation, therefore, we studied vegetation cover and its changes under the influence of climate change and human activities in the Zamiin-Uud soum of the Dornogobi aimag. This is the one of the most heavily desertified territories of Mongolia. The goal of this research is to determine the negative role of land degradation and desertification in the Gobi, steppe ecosystems, and also to assess the vegetation cover which is most sensitive to the influence of environmental changes. In our thesis we include some results of the vegetation cover investigation in 3 different areas: in degraded area, rehabilitated area and in natural non-degraded area. From the results we can see that in rehabilitated areas some natural species of vegetation had regrowth. Also in the result of the rehabilitation of technically degraded areas, there were some new species of vegetation. Some of the natural vegetation had one year generation.

ØÈÍÝÝÐ ÒªÐÑªÍ ÝÐÄÝÌÒÝÄ

Íàíçàääîðæèéí ÖÀÃÀÀÍÖÎÎÆ

Í.Öàãààíöîîæ íü Ìîíãîë Óëñûí Èõ Ñóðãóóëèéí Áàéãàëèéí Óõààíû Ôàêóëüòåòûí áèîëîãèéí

àíãèéã àìüòàí ñóäëàà÷-áèîëîãè÷ ìýðãýæëýýð òºãñºæ 1987 îíîîñ Îéí õàéãóóë çóðàã, òºñºë ýðäýì

øèíæèëãýýíèé èíñòèòóòýä áèîëîãè÷ ìýðãýæèëòíýýð, 1997 îíîîñ Ãåîýêîëîãèéí õ¿ðýýëýíä ýðäýì

øèíæèëãýýíèé àæèëòíààð àæèëëàæ ýíý õóãàöààíä “Îéí çîíõèëîõ õîðòîí øàâæèéí áèîëîãè-ýêîëîãè”

ñýäâýýð ñóäàëãààíû àæëûã ºíºº õ¿ðòýë ã¿éöýòãýæ èðëýý.

Í.Öàãààíöîîæ ýðäýì øèíæèëãýýíèé 35 ºã¿¿ëýë, õóðàë çºâëºëãººíä 19 èëòãýë òàâüæ

õýëýëö¿¿ëæ øèíý á¿òýýë, îíîâ÷òîé ñàíàë 2, àðãà÷ëàë, çºâëºìæ 4-èéã òóñ òóñ áîëîâñðóóëñàíû çýðýãöýý

2003 îíä “ßêîáñîíû òººë¿¿ð ýðâýýõýéí áèîëîãè, ýêîëîãèéí îíöëîã” íýãýí ñýäýâò á¿òýýëýýð Áèîëîãèéí

óõààíû äîêòîðûí (Ph.D.) çýðýã àìæèëòòàé õàìãààëñàí.

ßäàìáààòàðûí ÁÀÀÑÀÍÄÎÐÆ

ß.Áààñàíäîðæ íü ÕÀÀÄÑ–èéã àãðîíîìè÷ ìýðãýæëýýð ä¿¿ðãýæ, ãàçàð òàðèàëàíãèéí

¿éëäâýðëýë, ñóäàëãààíû àæèëä 20 øàõàì æèë àæèëëàñíû çýðýãöýý 1989 îíîîñ Ãàçðûí áîäëîãûí

õ¿ðýýëýí (õóó÷èí íýðýýð), 1997 îíîîñ Ãåîýêîëîãèéí õ¿ðýýëýíä ýðäýì øèíæèëãýýíèé àæèëòàíààð

àæèëëàæ “Ìîíãîë îðíû òàðèàëàíãèéí ãàçðûí õºðñíèé ýëýãäýë ýâäðýëèéí áàéäàëä ¿íýëãýý, ä¿ãíýëò

ºãºõ” ñýäýâò àæëûã ãàðäàí ã¿éöýòãýæ èðëýý.

ß.Áààñàíäîðæ 2002 îíä “Ìîíãîë îðíû òàðèàëàíãèéí ãàçðûí õºðñíèé ýëýãäýë ýâäðýë” íýã

ñýäýâò á¿òýýë áè÷èæ Õºäºº àæ àõóéí óõààíû äîêòîðûí (Ph.D.) çýðýã õàìãààëñàí.

ØÈÍÝ ÍÎÌ ÕÝÂËÝÃÄÝÍ ÃÀÐËÀÀ

1. Öºëæèëò áà Çàìûí-¯¿äèéí òóðøëàãà Í.Ñàðàíòóÿà, Æ.Öîãòáààòàð, Ä.Äàø, Ý.Äàøöîî,

Õ.Æàëáàà, À.Õàóëåíáåê, Ä.Àâààäîðæ, ß.Áààñàíäîðæ, Ë.Æàí÷èâäîðæ, Í.Ìàíäàõ. “Ñîäïðåññ” ÕÕÊ,

Óëààíáààòàð, 2003. 48 õ.

Ýíýõ¿¿ òîâõèìîë íü ØÓÀ-èéí Ãåîýêîëîãèéí õ¿ðýýëýíãèéí Öºëæèëòèéí Ñóäàëãààíû Òºâèéí ñóäëàà÷äûí

Äîðíîãîâü àéìãèéí Çàìûí-¯¿ä ñóìûí ýëñíèé í¿¿ëò õºäºëãººíèéã òîãòâîðæóóëàõ ÷èãëýëýýð ÿâóóëñàí

ñóäàëãààíû àæëûí ¿ð ä¿íã çºâëºìæ áîëãîí ãàðãàñàí á¿òýýë áîëíî. Óã á¿òýýëä öºëæèëò ÿëàíãóÿà

ýëñíèé í¿¿ëò õºäºëãººíä ºðòñºí òºâ, ñóóðèí ãàçðóóäûã õàìãààëàõ, íºõºí ñýðãýýõ, óñæóóëàõ àæëûí

ïðàêòèê ¿ð ä¿íã äýëãýðýíã¿é îðóóëñàí òóë Çàìûí ¿¿äòýé èæèë íºõöºëä îðøèõ ñóì ñóóðèí ãàçðóóäàä

òóðøëàãà áîëîí õýðýãëýãäýõ áîëîìæòîé ãýæ ¿çíý.

2. ªâºð Ìîíãîë îðíû ýëñæèëò áà ò¿¿íèéã çîãñîîõ àðãà çàì Íàéìàíõ¿¿ - Íàñàí (ªâºð Ìîíãîëûí

Òàðèàëàãèéí Èõ Ñóðãóóëèéí ïðîôåññîð). Õºõ õîò, 2003. 180 õ.

Äîêòîð Õ.Æàëáààãèéí óéãàðæèí ìîíãîë áè÷ãýýñ êèðèëë ¿ñãýýð õàëõ àÿëãàíä áóóëãàí õýâë¿¿ëæ áóé ýíý

íîìîíä ªÌªÇÎðíû ýëñ á¿õèé á¿ñ íóòãèéí ýëñíèé ¿¿ñýë õºãæèë, òàðõàëò, õýëáýð, í¿¿ëò õºäºëãººí,

òýäãýýðèéí ó÷ðóóëæ áóé õîð õîõèðîë çýðãèéã òóñãàæýý. ¯¿íýýñ ãàäíà çîõèîã÷ ýëñ á¿õèé á¿ñ íóòãèéí ìîä,

ñººãíèé òàðõàëò, òýäãýýðèéã ¿ðæ¿¿ëýõ àðãà, í¿¿äýë ñóë ýëñèéã òîãòâîðæóóëàõ, óðãàìàëæóóëàõ àðãà

òåõíîëîãèéã áàãòààñàí íü ãàí õóóðàéøèëò, öºëæèëò èäýâõèæèæ áóé ìàíàé îðíû õóâüä ñóðãàëò,

¿éëäâýðëýëèéí õýðýãöýýã õàíãàõóéö á¿òýýë áîëæýý.

3. Õóóðàé á¿ñ íóòàãò öºëæèëòèéã ñààðóóëàõ áîëîìæ, ìåíåæìåíòèéí çàðèì àñóóäàë

Ä.Àâààäîðæ, Ä.Äàø, À.Õàóëåíáåê, Ñ.Áàäðàõ, Ì.Áàÿñãàëàí, Ë.Æàí÷èâäîðæ. Óëààíáààòàð, 2003.120 õ.

Ýíýõ¿¿ õàìòûí á¿òýýëä Äýëõèéí Çºí-Ìîíãîë îëîí óëñûí áàéãóóëëàãûí “Õàìòûí ýçýìøëèéí îé”

òºñëèéí õ¿ðýýíä Áóëãàí àéìãèéí õýýðèéí á¿ñýä õàìààðàãäàõ 8 ñóìûí íóòàãò ÿâóóëñàí öºëæèëòèéí

ñóäàëãààíû ¿ð ä¿íã òóñãàñàí áàéíà. Ýíýõ¿¿ íîì íü Ìîíãîë îðíû öºëæèëòèéí îäîîãèéí áàéäàë,

öààøäûí õàíäëàãà, ò¿¿íä íºëººëæ áóé õ¿÷èí ç¿éë¿¿ä õèéãýýä ñààðóóëàõ àðãà òóðøëàãûã äýýðõ ñóìäûí

æèøýýí äýýð òàéëáàðëàí íèéòèéí õ¿ðòýýë áîëãîæ áàéãààãààðàà îíöëîãòîé.

4. Õºðñ ñóäëàëä õºòëºõ¿é Ä.Àâààäîðæ, Î.Áàòòóëãà (íýìæ ñàéæðóóëñàí õî¸ð äàõü õýâëýë)

Óëààíáààòàð, 2003, 10õ.

Ýíýõ¿¿ á¿òýýëèéã Èõ, Äýýä Ñóðãóóëèéí îþóòàí, ýðäýì øèíæèëãýýíèé àæèëòàí áîëîí õºðñ

ñóäëàëûí ÷èãëýëýýð ñîíèðõîí ñóäàëãàà øèíæèëãýý õèéæ ýõëýæ áóé á¿õ õ¿ì¿¿ñò ãàðûí àâëàãà áîëîõîä

çîðèóëñàí áîëíî.

Óã á¿òýýëä õºðñ ñóäëàëûí õè÷ýýëýýð ¿çäýã ãîëëîõ äàäëàãà áà ëàáîðàòîðèéí àæëóóäûã áàãòààñàí

áºãººä äàäëàãà áà ëàáîðàòîðèéí àæèë òóñ á¿ðèéí îíîëûí ¿íäýñëýë áà ïðàêòèê à÷ õîëáîãäîëûí òóõàé

òîâ÷ äóðüäñàí áîëíî.

Ìºí õºðñíèé íººöèéí çóðàãëàë çîõèîõ, õºðñíèé ýëýãäýë ýâäðýë áîëîí õºðñ, óðãàìëàí íºìðºãèéã

íºõºí ñýðãýýõ òåõíîëîãèéí òóõàé îðóóëæ íèéòèéí õ¿ðòýýë áîëãîñîíîîðîî îíöëîã òîé.

ßÊÎÁÑÎÍÛ ÒªªË¯¯Ð ÝÐÂÝÝÕÝÉÍ ÎËØÐÎËÄ ÍªËªªËªÕ Õ¯×ÈÍ Ç¯ÉË

Í.Öàãààíöîîæ


Abstract The population of Erannis Jacobsonii Djak is influenced by 3 main factors, which are biotic, abiotic and

human. The biotic factors consist of carnivorous insects, parasites and harmful bacteria. To the biotic factors we ascribe forest fire, intensity of sunlight, drought and climate change. Human negative impacts include cutting, haymaking, mining, increasing industrial wastes, air pollution etc. These have all had a big influence on the population of this insect. Îðøèë

ßêîáñîíû òººë¿¿ð ýðâýýõýéí îëøðîëä áèî, àìüã¿é, õ¿íèé ¿éë àæèëëàãààíû ãýæ 3 ¿íäñýí õ¿÷èí ç¿éë îíöãîé íºëººëäºã áàéíà.

Áèî õ¿÷èí ç¿éëä ìàõ÷èí, øèìýã÷ øàâæ, ºâ÷èí ¿¿ñãýã÷ áàêòåðè áàãòàíà. Àìüã¿é õ¿÷èí ç¿éëèéí íºëººëºëä ò¿éìýð, íàðíû ãýðëèéí èäýâõæèë, õóóðàéøèëò, ãàí, óóð

àìüñãàëûí ººð÷ëºëò òóñ òóñ áàãòäàã. Îé ìîä îãòëîõ, õàäëàí ºâñ áýëòãýõ, äàãàëò áàÿëàã àøèãëàõ, ìàøèí òåõíèê, ¿éëäâýðèéí õàÿãäàë,

õîðò óòàà, õèé çýðýã õ¿íèé ¿éë àæèëëàãààíû øóóä áà äàì íºëºº îéí ýêîëîãèéí òýíöâýðò ñºðºã íºëºº ¿ç¿¿ëæ áàéíà.

ßÊÎÁÑÎÍÛ ÒªªË¯¯Ð ÝÐÂÝÝÕÝÉÍ ÒÀÐÕÀËÒ, ÎËØÐÎËÛÍ ÎÍÖËÎÃ

Í.Öàãààíöîîæ


Abstract Erannis Jacobsoni Djak eats needles of larch, and therefore the area of its spread coincides with the area of larch forests in Mongolia. The forest-vegetation zone where Erannis Jacobsonii Djak has spread consists of pseudo taiga and subtaiga zones. In the territory of Mongolia this insect is lives in the southern parts of Tarbagatai mountains in Zavkhan aimag, western sides of Khubsugul and southern parts of Khentei mountain region with larch-pine, pine-larch forests. ßêîáñîíû òººë¿¿ð ýðâýýõýéí õ¿ðýíöýð çºâõºí ñèáèðü øèíýñ ìîäíû (Larix sibirica) íàõèà, øèëì¿¿ñýýð äàãíàí õîîëëîäîã íýã òºðºë èäýøò áóþó ìîíîôàã èäýøò øàâæ áèëýý. Ò¿¿íèé õýò îëøðîëûã àíõ 1959-1962 îíä ÎÕÓ-ûí Áóðèàä óëñûí íóòàãò òýìäýãëýæýý (Ðàéãîðîäñêàÿ, 1966; Áîëäàðóåâ, 1969). Ýðâýýõýé íü Àëòàéí õÿçãààðààñ Àìàð ìºðºí îð÷ìûí íóòàã õ¿ðòýë áóþó õîéä ºðãºðºãèéí 630, ºìíºä ºðãºðºãèéí 450 õ¿ðòýë ¿ðãýëæèëäýã áàéíà (Áîëäàðóåâ, 1969). ÎÕÓ-ûí ØÓÀ-èéí Ñèáèðèéí ñàëáàðûí Íîâîñèáèðñê õîòûí Áèîëîãèéí õ¿ðýýëýíãèéí Çîîëîãèéí Ìóçåé (collection of Siberian Zoological Museum)-ãýýñ 2000 îíä öàöàãäñàí èíòåðíåòûí ìýäýýíä óã ýðâýýõýéí òàðõàëòûí ºíººãèéí òîéìûã òîäîðõîéëñîí áàéíà (1 ä¿ãýýð çóðàã). Èéíõ¿¿ ÎÕÓ-ûí Áóðèàäûí Æèä, Çàêàìåíû îéí àæ àõóéí íóòàãò 1961-1962 îíä 50280 ãà òàëáàéä (Áîëäàðóåâ, 1969) õîæèì 1970 îíä Áàéãàëü íóóðûí Îëüõîí àðëûí øèíýñýí îéä õýò îëøðîëòûã èëð¿¿ëñýí áàéäàã (Ïëåøàíîâ, Âàñèëüåâà, 1974, Ïëåøàíîâ, 1982). Ìºí 1973-1975 îíä ÎÕÓ-ûí Áóðèàä óëñàä îëøðîëûí ãîëîìò äàõèí ¿¿ññýí òóõàé (Êîíäàêîâ, 1979) ºã¿¿ëñýí áàéíà. Ìàíàé îðíû õóâüä àíõíû øàâæ ñóäëàã÷, äîêòîð, ïðîôôåñîð À.Öýíäñ¿ðýí (1963) Óëààíáààòàð õîò îð÷ìûí ñèáèðü øèíýñýí îéä òººë¿¿ð ýðâýýõýéí ç¿éëèéã òîäîðõîé çààãààã¿é áîëîâ÷ îëøðîë áîëñîíûã á¿òýýëäýý äóðäñàí íü Áóðèàä óëñûíõòàé öàã õóãàöààíû õóâüä òîõèð÷ ßêîáñîíû òººë¿¿ð ýðâýýõýé áîëîõûã õàðóóëæ áàéíà. Ýíý á¿õíýýñ ¿çýõýä Ìîíãîë îðíû Õàíãàé, Õýíòèéí íóðóóíû øèíýñýí îéä 1959-1960, 1969-1972 îíóóäàä ýíý ýðâýýõýé îëøèð÷ óã ýðâýýõýéí õºíººëèéí ãîëîìòòîé òýìöýõ àíõíû àðãà õýìæýý àâñàí òóõàé õýâëýëèéí ìýäýý áàéäàã (Öýíä-Àþóø íàð., 1975). Äîêòîð Â.Ì.ßíîâñêèé ººðèéí á¿òýýëäýý ßêîáñîíû òººë¿¿ð ýðâýýõýéí õýò îëøðîëûã 1970-1972 îíä Õýíòèéí íóðóóíû ºìíºò õýñýã (Óëààíáààòàð õîòûí îð÷èì, Äàðõàí öààçàò Áîãä õàí óóëûí øèíýñýí îé), Õºâñãºëèéí Ç¿¿í ºìíºò õýñýã (Õºâñãºë àéìàã), Õàíãàéí ç¿¿í õîéä õýñýãò (Áóëãàí àéìàã) òóñ òóñ èëð¿¿ëñýí òóõàé ºã¿¿ëæýý (ßíîâñêèé, 1980). Õîæèì äîêòîð Ä.Òýãøæàðãàë (1991) Õýíòèéí íóðóóíû ç¿¿í õîéä õýñýãò (Òºâ, Õýíòèé àéìàãò) 1988-1989 îíä õýò îëøðîë áîëñîíûã òýìäýãëýæýý. Èéíõ¿¿ ßêîáñîíû òººë¿¿ð ýðâýýõýé ìàíàé îðíû Õàíãàé, Õýíòèéí ðàéîíû òàéãàæóó, òàéãàðõàã îé, óðãàìàëøëûí á¿ñèéí ñèáèðü øèíýñ çîíõèëñîí îéä òàðõàí, ¿å ¿å õýò îëøèð÷ áàéæýý (2 äóãààð çóðàã). ßêîáñîíû òººë¿¿ð ýðâýýõýé çºâõºí ñèáèðü øèíýñ ìîäíû øèëì¿¿ñýýð õîîëëîäîã ó÷èð òàðõàëò íü øèíýñ ìîäíû òàðõàëòòàé ¿íäñýíäýý òîõèðäîã.

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