9/22/2011

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AN OVERVIEW OF MALAYSIA’s SEWERAGE

MANAGEMENTMANAGEMENT

WAN ABD RAHIM WAN ABDULLAH

Presenter

Deputy Director GeneralSewerage Services Department

Ministry of Energy, Green Technology And Water

BACKGROUND OF SEWERAGE MANAGEMENT IN MALAYSIA

Mostly

Urban by Municipals, Rural by

A new sewerage Act 1993 (Act 508) was passed by the parliament

Sewerage Services Department (SSD) was formed as regulator Agency for Sewerage under the

Indah Water took over sewerage management (O & M) in most states in Peninsular M l i

Indah water provides sewerage services in 88 out of the 144 Local Authorities in Malaysia (however not on holistic manner) Rest

Sewerage Services were managed by the 144 Individual Local

Indah Water & Maajari as Service licensee under WSIA regime.

MostlyManaged by local Sanitary Board

Ministry of Health

parliament under the new Act

Malaysia)

of the areas is still managed on Ad-Hoc basic

BEFORE -INDEPENDENCE

AFTER -INDEPENDENCE

PRE-1994 June 1993 Dec 1993

Local Authorities

April 1994 ONWARDS

CURRENTLY1957 Up to 2008

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TechnologyPrior to 1950-s

EVOLUTION OF SANITATION IN MALAYSIA

Year1950-s 1970-s 1980-s 1990-s 2000

Primitive / Primary Treatment Partial / Full Secondary Treatment

1960-s

Pour FlushSeptic Tank

Imhoff TankOP/AL Activated Sludge/

Biological FiltersFully Mechanised

Plant

(Address Public Health) (Address River Pollution) (Address Environment)

Future Tertiary

Treatment

Early Days inMalaya

Governance Structure of Sewerage Services

Ministry of Natural Resources &

Ministry of Energy, Green Technology &

Ministry of Finance

Regulator of Sewerage Services

Regulator of Effluent

Standards

Resources & Environment

Green Technology & Water

1. Sewerage Services

• 100% Equity• Govt. Support

Loan & Subsidy

Services2. Operator in 102

Local Authority Areas.

3. Sewerage Services Billing & Collection.

4. Refurbishment/ upgrading projects funded by government.

1. Policy & Control of National Sewerage Agenda

2. Capital projects (CAPEX)

3. Refurbishment/upgrading projects.

Control of Pollution and Environment

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SEWERAGE CAPITAL WORKSSEWERAGE CAPITAL WORKS

THERE IS A NEED FOR COORDINATED FINANCIAL INVESTMENT TO FURTHER IMPROVE QUALITY

GOVERNMENT FUNDEDGOVERNMENT FUNDED CONCESSIONAIRE FUNDEDCONCESSIONAIRE FUNDED DEVELOPER FUNDEDDEVELOPER FUNDED

• Every 5 years National Plans

• Sewerage Capital Contribution

• Soft Loan and Capital Markets

• Built into Tariff Structure

• Part of Land and Property Development

• Major Contributor of Sewerage Capex

Provide policy direction, goals & targets in line with National needs

SPAN

Policy

SPAN and Water Services Industry Act

Economic regulation to protect customers and ensure sustainability

Policy

& regulation

Asset provision

Sewerage services

Government Capital Projects

In line with policy direction, goals & targets determine asset needs

Provide service to meet stakeholder expectation

Assess asset needs of SL

Determine funding and procurement strategies

Provide assets & lease

Facilty Licensee Service Licensee

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Areas of Sewerage Services Coverage

• Operations (under IWK) only cover 88 of 144 local authorities in M’sia.

• The entire states of Kelantan• The entire states of Kelantan (under Maajari), Sabah, Sarawak, Johor Bahru & Pasir Gudang not taken over although provided in Concession Agreement.

• Regional development authority areas such as KETENGAH &KEJORA are excluded

• TOTAL OPERATIONAL AREA AND POPULATION SERVED

•AREA

•(Sq. Km)

•% •POPULATION EQUIVALENT (PE)

•%

•IWK •68,505.88 •51.79 •19,333,568* •72.42

•NON-IWK •63,769.54 •48.21 •7,361,729 •27.58

•TOTAL •132,275.42 •100.00 •26,695,297 •100.00

* Exclusive of 2.96 million population utilising primitive (pour flush) systems

Profile of Public Sewage Treatment Plants (August 2011)

C l S i T k & I h ff T k

4,369 no. 422 no. 15,154 km

Mechanical plants

4,547 no.

M h i l Pl

Approx. 1.2 million Individual Septic Tanks but only 35% are accepting Scheduled Desludging

i

Communal Septic Tanks & Imhoff Tank Oxidation Ponds Pipe Network

Pump Stations

825 no.

Individual Septic Tanks

Mechanical Plant

services

Total Population Equivalent Served via connected PE (public plants excluding CSTs) is 19.17 million

Sewerage Asset (Aug 2011)

15,154 kmLength Of Sewerage Pipes

825 unitsNo of Pumping Station

5,706 unitsNo of STPs (excludes CST)

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Type of Premises Type of Customers Basis of Billings

Domesitc Once Every 6 Months

No.of Accounts: From RM 2 , RM 3, RM 6 & 

2.5 million RM 8 per month

Sewerage Service Customers & Tariff

Commercial Monthly

No.of Accounts: 21 bands Based on

220k Annual Value &

Excess Charge >100 m 3

Industrial Monthly

No. of Accounts: Head Count Between

4k RM 2 (IST) or RM 2.50 (Conn)

per head & per month

Minimum Charges RM20/

RM 25 per month

Government Once Every 6 Months

9

y

Quarters RM6 (IST) or RM8 (Conn) 

No.of Accounts: per month

105k

Government Monthly

Premises Basic Charge RM 25 (IST)

No. of Accounts: or RM 40 (Conn)

11k Excess Charge >100m 3

TOTAL 2.8 million

Who Benefits from Sewerage Services?

How Do They Benefit?

Type of Beneficiary? Who Should Pay?Possible Method

for ChargingPrivate Good

Public Good

Polluter Pay *

Beneficiary Pay **

USERRemove wastes from Premises X X User Charge

- Improved Public

What is a Fair & Equitable Sewerage Charging Mechanism?

COMMUNITY

pHealth

- Enhance Land / Property Value

X Community Tax /Property tax

WATER RESOURCE

Social and Economic Activities Associated to Waterways

X X Cess Tax

ENVIRONMENTHealthier & Pleasant Place to Live X X Environmental

Tax

ECONOMY / INDUSTRY

Development of Commercial / Industrial Enterprise e.g: tourism,

X X Industry Tax

••Pay for damages caused to environment Pay for damages caused to environment ( Pollution Control Costs ) ( Pollution Control Costs ) ** Pay for benefits gained from clean environment ** Pay for benefits gained from clean environment

g ,businesses, etc.

CITY / STATEOverall Benefits for Progression X X Government Tax

(Quit Rent)

THE CURRENT THOUGHTS OF FULL COST RECOVERY FROM USERS MAY NEED TO BE REVIEWED TO INTRODUCE A FAIR AND EQUITABLE CHARGING FOR SEWERAGE SERVICES

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Communications Programmes To Increase Willingness to PayCommunications Programs through the APPEAL APPROACH by:

1. Educating users (present & future)

2 E i t l & H lth2. Environmental & Health Awareness Campaigns

3. Customer Friendly4. Community Support5. Corporate Social Responsibility

Tools/Avenues Employed :1. Community Events2 Media Outreach2. Media Outreach

(TV/Radio/News Print Educational Avertorials)

3. Briefing/Dialogues4. Display Materials5. Educational Materials 6. Schools Program7. Homepage/Website

Sustainable Sewerage Planning & Development

Planning Strategy

Sewerage Catchment Strategy (SCS) toprovide systematic and integrateddevelopment of sewerage infrastructure andsludge management facilitiessludge management facilities

Strategies based on drainage basin or byLocal Authorities

Long term regionalization concept coupledwith interim strategies to address currentissues

Prioritization based on availability of fundsyand affordability

Application of Integrated GIS system withcomprehensive asset database for effectivedevelopment planning

B U K ITK I A R A

T A M A NT U N D R I S M A IL

T A M A N

T U N D R IS M A IL

B A N D A RU T A M A

D A M A N S A R A

T A M A N

T U N D R IS M A IL

S S 2 1

S S2 2 A

S S2 2

S S2 3

S S2

D A M A N S AB U K IT

5 0 4 9 0

6 0 0 0 0

D A M A N S A R AB U K I TT A M A N

6 0 0 0 0I S M A I LT U N D RT A M A N

6 0 0 0

K I A R AB U K IT

B U K I T K IA R A

T U N D R I S M A IL

T A M A N

T U N D R IS M A IL

B A N D A RU T A M A

D A M A N S A R A

T A M A N

T U N D R IS M A IL

S S 2 1

6 0 0 0 0

D A M A N S A R AB U K I TT A M A N

6 0 0 0 0I S M A I LT U N D RT A M A N

6 0 0 0

B U K I T K IA R A

S S2 1

B U K I T K IA R A

E A S T I N H O T E L &P H I L E O D A M A N S A R AC O M M E R C IA L A R E A

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Jelutong Sewage Outfall Jelutong Sewage Treatment Plant

Example of Improvement After Effective Planning & Development Controls

Bayan Baru STP

After: New STP (design PE:1.2 million)Before: Sewage discharged direct to coastal waters

Upgraded Bayan Baru STP

Before: Undersized Lagoons (design PE: 20,000) was grossly overloaded

After: New STP (design PE: 200,000) meets environmental requirements

with higher efficiency

• Refurbishment and upgrading of existing public treatment plants and sewers to ensure acceptable performance

Planned Refurbishment Works to Improve Public Sewerage Facilities

• Refurbishment is prioritised according to several categories as follows:

- Refurbishment of STPs:a) Safety & aestheticsb) Mechanical worksc) Electrical worksd) Civil workse) Major Treatment Performance

( )(process)

- Refurbishment of Sewer network:a) CCTV investigationsb) Rehabilitation

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Before After

Before and After Refurbishment

Taman Bunga Raya (Semenyih) - Biosoil to Mechanical Plant

Taman Semenyih Jaya (Semenyih) - Biosoil to Mechanical Plant

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Sewerage Development Controls & Guidelines

Development Controls-National Guidelines

Nationwide standardization of sewerage infrastructure requirements. Developer G id li l t b ilt tGuidelines ensures new plants are built to comply with Department of Environment Standard.

Development Controls -Certification Services

Instituted certification process for take over of Instituted certification process for take over of sewerage assets from private developers. Since 1994, processed approximately 15,000 submissions per year.

Established system to ensure sewage treatment plants are designed & built to required quality to meet Health & Safety, Environmental and Operational requirements.

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Operate & Maintain Sewage Treatment Plants:

- Expertise in wide range of treatment technologies and systems

Operation & Maintenance of Sewerage Systems

- Monitoring of treatment process performance & plant optimisation

- Scheduled equipments & instrumentations maintenance works (Preventive maintenance)

- Manage automated control systems (e.g. SCADA for large plants)

- Repair works : structures, fences, internal road

- Housekeeping, cleaning, aesthetic, safety

- Laboratory analysis of effluent and sludge quality as required by Department of Environment Malaysia

• Systematic program for septic tank desludging services were put in place by Operator

• Dedicated sludge treatment facilities with Environmental

Operation & Maintenance of Sewerage Systems- Sewer Blockages, Desludging Services & Sludge Management

Assessment approval nationwide

PUBLIC SEWER BLOCKAGES

25,00023,87522,500 26,500 24,763 24,173 20,898 20,544 23,099 22184

94.0%96.0%

95.0% 95.0%

97.5% 98.0%99.1%

97.0% 96.0% 96.0%

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

To

tal

En

qu

irie

s

70.0%

75.0%

80.0%

85.0%

90.0%

95.0%

100.0%

105.0%

% A

tten

ded

wit

hin

LO

S

DESLUDGING SERVICES

80,000

100,000

120,000

140,000

160,000

180,000

ing

Ser

vice

s F

ulf

illed

100 000

150,000

200,000

250,000

ng

Ser

vice

s F

ulf

illed

* Note : Numbers from Customer Operation Enquiries and Desludging System (COEDs) (Averages about

100,000 IST/year in manual records)

YEAR

No of Enquiries % attended within LOS

* Note : With WSIA implementation in 2008, IWK is not responsible for providing schedule desludging services of septic tank and CSTs

0

20,000

40,000

60,000

No

. of

Des

lud

g

0

50,000

100,000

To

tal D

eslu

dg

in

Schedule, Demand & Repeat 93,583 116,311 136,368 153,468 160,933 151,455 158,946 54,829 57,550 70,877

Pour Flush & Responsive 33,022 31,366 32,156 32,213 32,500 32,350 38,427 41,665 37,887 40,306

Total Desludged 126,605 147,677 168,524 185,681 193,433 183,805 197,373 96,494 95,437 111,183

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010• On the average, 22,610 cases of blockages were received in a year or 1,884 cases per month.

• About 97% of the cases were resolved within the Level of Service of within 48 hours. From 2006, the Level of Service improved from 48 hrs to 24 hrs.

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Dedicated sludge treatment facilities with Department of Environment approval nationwide

Operation & Maintenance of Sewerage Systems- Sewer Blockages, Desludging Services & Sludge Management Cont’

CURRENT SLUDGE FACILITIES

Integrated Sludge Reception FacilityCompleted : 6 Nos

Sludge Lagoon SystemCompleted : 1 Nos

Dedicated Sludge Drying BedsCompleted : 3 Nos

Trenching SystemCompleted : 25 Nos

Filter Press83 units

Belt Press58 units

Centrifuge19 units

Mechanical Dewatering Unit

Completed : 23 Nos

Dedicated Centralised Sludge TreatmentCompleted : 8 Nos

• Effluent compliance based on 12 months average have

h k d i

Operation & Maintenance of Sewerage Systems- Improvements to the Environment

90.4% 92.3% 93.9% 94.8% 95.9% 95.3%

5 000

6,000

90%

100%

rd

Public STPs Compliance against Effluent StandardPublic STPs Compliance against Effluent Standard

shown marked increase.

• % compliance to EQA standard (based on 12 months average) has increased from 65.6% to 72.7% over the years.

65.6% 67.6% 67.6%70.4% 72.7%

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Nos

. of P

ublic

ST

Ps

% M

eetin

g S

tand

a

Total nos. of Public STPs% EQ (Sewage & Industrial Effluent) Reg 1979 Compliance% EQ (Sewage & Industrial Effluent) Reg. 1979 Compliance% EQ (Sewage) Reg. 2009 Compliance

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Operation & Maintenance of Sewerage Systems- Improvements to the River Water Quality

• The number of river basins monitored i f 90 (i 1990) t 143 (i 2008)

• The number of clean rivers decrease from 334 increase from 90 (in 1990) to 143 (in 2008)

• The number of clean rivers increase from 28% (1993) to 53% (2008)

• The number of slightly polluted rivers has reduced in the last few years

• The number of polluted rivers has been consistent

• There has been significant improvements since 1997 (after Federalization of Sewerage Services)

nos. in 2008 to 306 nos. in 2009• The number of polluted rivers increase from 48

nos. in 2008 to 54 nos. in 2009• Water quality trend shows a depreciation in

2008-2009. This is partly contributed by the stoppage of scheduled desludging carried out by Operator pursuant to the enforcement of SPAN/WSIA Laws effective from 1st January 2008.

Creating Value for Sewerage Developments- R&D Findings for Operational, Environmental & Socio-Economic Benefits

Treatment Technology

(e.g: Sewerage system improvement, Energy Efficiency

& Savings)

Environmental Solutions

(e.g: Sewage by-products recycling & environmental

assessment)

Socio-Economic Evaluation

(e.g: Social study, economic evaluation of treatment

system

-Technical Training, Certification & R&D

O&M Operators Training (e.g. O&M of sewer network, STP

equipment Maintenance

ConstructionContractors Training

(e.g: M&E of STP construction, Health & Safety)

Specialized Training (e.g: Planning & Design Sewerage

System, Nutrient Removal Process, CCTV Training, )

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Summary of Key Achievements

Operation & Maintenance (O&M) Achievements

• O&M expertise for varied sewerage systems.

• Efficient desludging services and septage management.

• Effluent Compliances that contributes to improved water quality

Customer Service & Awareness Program for Sustainable Services

• Efficiently address operational complaints

• Improved Level of Service for customers • Communications and

public outreach and

Sustainable Sewerage Planning & Development for Infrastructure Improvements

• Develop Guidelines and Standards• Integrated Financing strategy for Sewerage development

• Nationwide Catchments Strategy

Creating Value For The Sewerage IndustryCreating Value For The Sewerage Industry

• R&D for operational improvements & sustainable services

• Training & Accreditation services to develop skilled and knowledgeable workforce

p

• Comprehensive Billing & Collection systems education

COMPONENTS OF NSDP Refurbishment works

Upgrading and consolidation of sewage treatment plants to meet standards

includes network rehabilitation for critical sewer networks experiencing poorstructural , hydraulic or operational conditions.

Sludge Sludge

Provision of a total of sludge facilities for all priority Local Authority areas tohandle sludge from desludging of ISTs and multipoint plants.

Regionalisation

expansion of sewer networks. construction of new STPs and networks to enableregionalisation of all key urban areas.

Sub‐components include acquisition of land for siting of facilities.

Property connection Property connection

maximise benefits of new projects.

Pour flush system conversion

convert all of pour flush/sub‐standard septic tanks to a basic septic tank system.

Sullage connection

program of replumbing of such properties to intercept sullage wastes intosewerage systems.

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MINISTRY OF ENERGY, GREEN TECHNOLOGY  AND WATERMINISTRY OF ENERGY, GREEN TECHNOLOGY  AND WATER

1000.00

1200.00

991.61 m

RMK9 (2006‐2010)

RM3,209million

400.00

600.00

800.00

180.19 m

377.33 m 426.82 m

702.10 m

795.75 m

408.68 m

310.99m

RMK8(2001‐2005)

RM1,164 million

RMK10(2011‐2012)

RM375 million

NKEA(2011‐2015)

RM 5,616 million

RM million

0.00

200.00

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

44.38 m

135.27 m 132.84m

DEVELOPMENT EXPENDITURE ON SEWERAGE PROJECTS 2001-2011

SEWERAGE PROJECT UNDER 

MINISTRY OF ENERGY, GREEN TECHNOLOGY AND WATER MINISTRY OF ENERGY, GREEN TECHNOLOGY AND WATER 

SEWERAGE PROJECT UNDER NKEA

21 projects

Project cost– RM 5,616,686,000

GREATER KL – RIVER OF  BUSINESS OPPORTUNITY –

26

LIFE

9 projects

Project cost– RM 2,233,262,000

SEWERAGE NON RIVER

12 projects

Project cost– RM 3,383,424,000

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12 LOCATION PROJECT UNDER SEWERAGE‐NON RIVER

6. SEWER REHABILITATION PROJECTS  AT KELANG, SHAH ALAM, SUBANG JAYA DAN PETALING JAYA

1. LAYING OF SEWER NETWORK ATJALAN KLANG LAMA, PETALING JAYA & SEPUTEH

2. CHERAS BATU 11 STP & SEWER LINES

3. CHERAS JAYA STP AND SEWER LINES

JAYA DAN PETALING JAYA

7. RASIONALISATION 27 STP AT OLD KLANG ROAD

8. RATIONALISATION 33  STP AT PUCHONG

9. SEWER REHABILITION AT SELANGOR (G08)

10 LOT 130 STP AND SEWER LINES4. KAJANG 2 STP AND SEWER LINES

10. LOT 130 STP AND SEWER LINES

12. RESEARCH ON GREEN TECHNOLOGY APLICATON TO THE EXISTING STP  

11. REFURBISHMENT, & UPGRADING  70 STP 5. KAJANG  1 & 3 STP AND SEWER 

LINES

1. RASIONALISATION 17 STP

2. RASIONALISATION AND UPGRADING STP AT BUKIT 

8. UPGRADING 16 STP AT   SELAYANG

9. RESEARCH ON STP  

9 LOCATION RIVER OF LIFE PROJECTS

ANTARABANGSA 

3. PREMIS CONNECTIONS

4. JINJANG KEPONG STP AND SEWERLINES

7. SEWER REHABILITATION 

6. RASIONALISATION  19 STP AT DAMANSARA

5. BUNUS STP AND SEWER LINES

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MalaysiaMalaysia hashas seenseen spectacularspectacular seweragesewerage developmentdevelopment overover thethe lastlast 2020

yearsyears throughthrough publicpublic –– privateprivate partnershippartnership..

ConflictsConflicts inin waterwater managementmanagement needsneeds toto bebe resolvedresolved viavia social,social,

Conclusion

ConflictsConflicts inin waterwater managementmanagement needsneeds toto bebe resolvedresolved viavia social,social,

environmentalenvironmental andand economiceconomic balancesbalances..

MovingMoving towardstowards fullfull costcost recoveryrecovery isis toughtough butbut aa shareshare fromfrom beneficiariesbeneficiaries

maymay makemake thethe seweragesewerage servicesservices sustainablesustainable..

ThereThere areare potentialpotential ofof resourceresource recoveryrecovery inin thethe seweragesewerage sectorsector --

bioeffluent,bioeffluent, biosolidsbiosolids andand biogasbiogas –– plusplus othersothers thanthan cancan movemove thethe

29

industryindustry fromfrom utilityutility toto newnew venturesventures..

ThereThere isis aa needneed forfor structuredstructured capacitycapacity developmentdevelopment programmesprogrammes inin thethe

seweragesewerage industryindustry toto liftlift thethe standardstandard ofof thethe sectorsector inin thethe futurefuture..

Pantai STP Jelutong STP