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Remittances from labour migration (Russia etc.) and contribute significantly to GDPs. In 2008, remittances amounted to: (15-25% of remittances invested in agriculture (livestock, crops, processing etc). The national poverty incidence level at national poverty lines (%, WB, 2009): UzbekistanTajikistanKyrgyzstan over 4 billion USD- over 2 billionover 1 billion USD UzbekistanKazakhstanTajikistanKyrgyzstanTurkmenista n %),n/a
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An Overview ofAgriculture and Food Security Situation in Central Asia and Azerbaijan
Socio-Economic backgroundDemographics:• Central Asian Region countries’ population (millions, WB, 2013):
Uzbekistan (30.2), Kazakhstan (17), Tajikistan (8.1), Kyrgyzstan (5.7), Turkmenistan (5.2).
• Per capita GNIs (USD, WB, 2014): Uzbekistan (2,090), Kazakhstan (11,670), Tajikistan (1,080), Kyrgyzstan (1,250), Turkmenistan (8,020).
• Role of agriculture in economies and contribution to GDPs: between roughly 20-29% for Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan, about 6% for Kazakhstan.
• About 60-70% of population in rural areas, depending on agriculture (subsistence and income).
• Remittances from labour migration (Russia etc.) and contribute significantly to GDPs. In 2008, remittances amounted to: (15-25% of remittances invested in agriculture (livestock, crops, processing etc).
• The national poverty incidence level at national poverty lines (%, WB, 2009):
Uzbekistan Tajikistan Kyrgyzstanover 4 billion USD - over 2 billion over 1 billion USD
Uzbekistan Kazakhstan Tajikistan Kyrgyzstan Turkmenistan
16 2.9 47.2 37%), n/a
General trends of agricultural production and marketing
• In livestock sector smallholder producers (households) are responsible for over 90% of CA countries milk and meat production
• Landholdings owned by smallholders are fragmented and small, on average between 0.2-0.5 ha of arable land. It limits effective use of agricultural land and possible solution may be land consolidation.
• The Agricultural productivity dropped after the collapse of the Soviet Union, remains low for crop and livestock production.
• Lack of access to quality inputs: seed, fertilizer, veterinary drugs and medicine, chemicals etc.
• Lack of reliable extension services. The extension services became almost extinct following the collapse of the Soviet Union.
• The share of processed products remain critically low (e.g. dairy estimated upto 5-10%, meat: 2-3% of the total output). There is room for value adding interventions to enable producers to capture the extra profits.
• Marketing of agricultural produce remains an issue for all CA countries due to several factors: (i) lack of infrastructure: storage facilities, roads, access to market information system etc; (ii) lack of food safety and quality standards (HACCP, ISO etc); (iii) lack of proper packaging, labeling and branding strategy; (iv) government regulations and policies hampering the imports and exports.
• Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan have ample water resources used for irrigation and generating electricity (roughly 80% of water resources originate from two countries)
• CA countries enjoy vast bio-diversity resources, including pastures, and have untapped resources for development of fisheries, apiculture and other sub-sectors
• Availability of scientific and research institutions and a high potential for further development
Endowments of CA countries
Challenges faced by CA countries• Adaption to climate change by promoting climate adaptation and
mitigation practices (e.g. climate smart agriculture)• Continuing de-forestation, land degradation and inefficient use of
water resources
• FAO has comparative advantage in technical areas and can share the vast knowledge and best practices across the CA countries
Opportunities - Potential areas for cooperation
• FAO provides strategic planning, investment and coordination support through development of CPFs and sectoral policy and strategy documents (irrigation, NRM etc)
• FAO can provide comprehensive support on agriculture and rural development focusing on poverty, smallholders, gender, climate change, natural resources management, human rights based approach, knowledge management/sharing and other areas
The State of Food Insecurity in the World 2015
What is SOFI?• Reviewing the progress made since 1990 in every country and region • Making hunger, food insecurity, and malnutrition history• Post-2015: How much progress made towards achieving hunger targets• And reflects on what needs to be done
#sofi2015
/faoturkiye www.fao.org/europe
Why this SOFI? Marks the end of the monitoring period for:
• The World Food Summit goal, pledging to halve the number of undernourished people between 1990 and 2015
• The Millennium Development Goal 1 hunger target, pledging to halve the proportion of undernourished people between 1990 and 2015
Progress • Progress continues in the fight against hunger, yet an unacceptably large number of
people still lack the food they need for an active and healthy life. • 795 million undernourished people in the world in 2014–16• 780 million in developing regions• Decline by 216 million since 1990–92 and by 167 million over the last 10 years (faster progress)
State of Food Insecurity in the World 2015
Most countries in the subregion achieved MDG targets. More progress needed in Tajikistan)
#sofi2015
/faoturkiye www.fao.org/europe
2015
State of Food Insecurity in the World 2015
#sofi2015
/faoturkiye www.fao.org/europe
Progress towards achievement of the MDGs and WFS hunger goal (%)
2015
State of Food Insecurity in the World 2015
#sofi2015
/faoturkiye www.fao.org/europe
Prevalence of undernourishment across the FAO SOFI regions and in Caucasus and Central Asia
State of Food Insecurity in the World 2015
#sofi2015
Child malnutrition indicators, 1991/ 2000/ 2010
/faoturkiye www.fao.org/europe
2015
State of Food Insecurity in the World 2015
Key Messages
• Progress on reducing the incidence of food insecurity is variable, some Central Asian countries still face challenges.
• Despite positive trends in food security, child malnutrition continues to be a problem in the region – in both rich and poorer countries. This can be seen in relatively high rates of stunting in the Caucasus and Central Asian countries, and high levels of anemia in children under 5 in several countries.
• Overweight and obesity are an increasing nutrition, health and budgetary issue in the region.
• Countries across the region differ in their strategies for ensuring food security and agricultural development.
#sofi2015
/faoturkiye www.fao.org/europe
2015
State of Food Insecurity in the World 2015
#sofi2015
/faoturkiye www.fao.org/europe
Turkey
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Tajikistan
Uzbekistan
TurkmenistanAzerbaijan
State of Food Insecurity in the World 2015
#sofi2015
/faoturkiye www.fao.org/europe
To download the report: http://www.fao.org/hunger/en/
Regional Overview:http://bit.ly/1FV79mQ
