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Conducting An
Effective
An introduction to the
Five Step Process of
Job Hazard Analysis
JHA-JSA-SWMS-AHA
Welcome!
Introductions
What do you know about Job Hazard Analysis
(JHAs) ?
Does OSHA require JHAs?
Does a Client, GC, Corp. of Engineers
require one?
Where does it say so?
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Goals
Given the information and exercises in
this workshop, you will be able to:
Explain to others why JHAs are important
Recognize how the JHA can be a valuable
planning, production, profit and safety tool.
Know the five-step process and complete a
JHA
JHA Key Terms
Whats a Job?
Whats a Hazard?
Whats an exposure?
What is Analysis?
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Activity
Workers in their first year with their
employer account for more than 50% of
disabling claims.
Why? Possible explanations
JSA Purpose
Effective JHAs help the employer
recognize and control hazards and
exposures in the workplace.
How might the
employees perception of
a hazard differ from
that of the employer or
supervisor?
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Activity
Why is a JHA more effective than
walk-around inspections in
reducing accidents in the
workplace?
Probability
Probability is defined as: the chance that
a given event will occur.
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Probability
We can determine the safety probability
based on the following:
The number of employees exposed;
The frequency and duration of exposure;
The proximity of employees to the danger
zone;
Probability
We can determine the safety probability
based on the following:
Factors which require work under stress;
Lack of proper training and supervision or
improper workplace design; or
Other factors which may significantly
influence the degree of probability of an
accident occurring.
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Probability
Rating The probability rating is:
Low - If the factors considered indicate it
would be unlikely that an accident could
occur;
Medium - If the factors considered indicate it
would be likely that an accident could occur;
or
High - If the factors considered indicate it
would be very likely that an accident could
occur.
Severity
The degree of injury
or illness which is
reasonably
predictable.
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Severity
The severity is based on the following
schedule:
Other Than Serious - Conditions that could
cause injury or illness to employees but
would not include serious physical harm.
(first aid for example)
Serious Physical Harm - (example: all
recordable injuries and illnesses)
Death
Decision Making Matrix
Severity
Pro
bab
ilit
y
Other
Than
Serious
Serious
Physical
Harm Death
Low
Medium
High
1 2 3
2 4 6
3 6 9
Example 1
4
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Activity
Picking Apples:
There are 20 workers picking apples.
The orchard is made up of 400 trees.
The workers are paid based on how much each one of them picks.
Well-maintained equipment is provided but there is no training. The owner or the foreman will be in the general area most of the time.
Activity
Severity
Prob
ab
ilit
y
Other
Than
Serious
Serious
Physical
Harm Death
Low
Medium
High
1 2 3
2 4 6
3 6 9
Example 1
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JHA Step 1
Step One - Watch the work
being done
What are some effective methods to
watch the work being done?
JHA Step 1
Step One - Watch the work being done
Why is it important to involve the
employee?
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JHA Step 2
Step Two - Break the job down into
steps JHA Number: _______________ Page ____ of ____
Job Description: ____________________________________________________________________
Step 1._____________________________________________________________________________
Hazard(s) Control Measure(s) Required
_____________________________________ ______________________________________
_____________________________________ ______________________________________
_____________________________________ ______________________________________
_____________________________________ ______________________________________
Step 2._____________________________________________________________________________
Hazard(s) Control Measure(s) Required
_____________________________________ ______________________________________
_____________________________________ ______________________________________
_____________________________________ ______________________________________
_____________________________________ ______________________________________
Step 3._____________________________________________________________________________
Hazard(s) Control Measure(s) Required
_____________________________________ ______________________________________
_____________________________________ ______________________________________
_____________________________________ ______________________________________
_____________________________________ ______________________________________
Step 4._____________________________________________________________________________
Hazard(s) Control Measure(s) Required
_____________________________________ ______________________________________
_____________________________________ ______________________________________
_____________________________________ ______________________________________
_____________________________________ ______________________________________
Step 5._____________________________________________________________________________
Hazard(s) Control Measure(s) Required
_____________________________________ ______________________________________
_____________________________________ ______________________________________
_____________________________________ ______________________________________
_____________________________________ ______________________________________
Job Hazard Analysis Worksheet
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
JHA Step 3
Step Three - Describe the hazards in
each step of the task.
One of the primary purposes of the JHA is
to make the job safer.
The information gathered in this step will
be valuable in helping to eliminate and/or
reduce hazards associated with the job,
and improve the system weaknesses that
produced them.
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Identifying types of
hazards Fire
Pressure
Work @ heights
Pinch Points
Hot Objects
Access
Chemicals
Dusts
Sharp Objects
Noise
Flammability
Elevated Load
Muddy Site conditions
Explosion
Work at Depth
Heat / Cold Exposure
Electricity
Fumes
Weather
High Winds
Underground Utilities
Vibration
Accident Types
Struck-by:
A person is forcefully struck by an object. The force of contact is provided by the object.
Struck-against:
A person forcefully strikes an object. The person provides the force or energy.
Contact-by:
Contact by a substance or material that, by its very nature, is harmful and causes injury.
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Accident Types
Contact-with: A person comes in contact with a harmful substance
or material. The person initiates the contact.
Caught-on: A person or part of his/her clothing or equipment is
caught on an object that is either moving or stationary. This may cause the person to lose his/her balance and fall, be pulled into a machine, or suffer some other harm.
Caught-in: A person or part of him/her is trapped, or otherwise
caught in an opening or enclosure.
Accident Types
Caught-between:
A person is crushed, pinched or otherwise caught between a moving and a stationary object, or between two moving objects.
Fall-to-surface:
A person slips or trips and falls to the surface he/she is standing or walking on.
Fall-to-below:
A person slips or trips and falls to a level below the one he/she was walking or standing on.
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Accident Types
Over-exertion:
A person over-extends or strains himself/herself while
performing work.
Bodily reaction:
Caused solely from stress imposed by free movement
of the body or assumption of a strained or unnatural
body position. A leading source of injury.
Over-exposure:
Over a period of time, a person is exposed to harmful
energy (noise, heat), lack of energy (cold), or
substances (toxic chemicals/atmospheres).
JHA Step 4
Step Four
Control Measures. JHA Number
