An insight into the problem of Human Trafficking in IndiaA substantial threat in the form of human trafficking is continued since last several years, andinonewayorother, harminghumansandsocietynot onlyat national level but alsoatinternational level. It is one of the most deplorable problems of the present time. Almost allcountries are tackling with it and attempting to root out this inhuman evil.At this instance oftime, utmost need is recognised to take corrective measures, to establish appropriate policiessothat wholeworldbecome unitedtodeal withthis problem. Althoughalot of anti-traffickingpolicieshavebeenimplementedtill now,but still theproblemisnot solved.Human trafficking includes sex trafficking, bride trafficking, forced labour, child traffickingand it has made commercialisation of human beings possible and traffickers use them likeproducts and throw them into dustbins when they become useless. This exploratory researchpaper evaluates the insight aspects of trafficking and also suggest resplendent techniues andsuitable measures to demolish human traffickingA. Introduction:Inthelast fewyears, theissueof traffickinghasgainedphenomenal importanceandisprevailing in human societyin formsof commercial sexual exploitation,bridetrafficking,child trafficking, forced and bonded labour etc. The business of commercial sexualexploitation andsellingandpurchasing of young girlsin on theboomand has become acolossal industry. In this industryseveral minor girls are being harassedsexuallyandmentally, cruelty is being infringed on them and most of them have burned themselves in thisfire. The women and the children are harmed most due variety of reasons including socialpre!udices, customs, ignorance, lack of proper facilities etc. "orldwide consensus has beengiventothedefinitionofhumantraffickinggivenin#nited$ations%rotocoltoprevent,suppress and punish trafficking in persons which defines &trafficking in persons' as Trafckinginpersons shall meantherecruitment, transportation,transfer, harbouringor receipt of persons, bymeans of thethreat or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, offraud, ofdeception, oftheabuseofpowerorofapositionofvulnerability or of the giving or receiving of payments or beneftsto achieve the consent of a person having control over anotherperson, for the purpose of exploitation. xploitation shallinclude, at aminimum, theexploitationof theprostitutionofothersor other formsof sexual exploitation, forcedlabour or!services, slavery or practices similar to slavery, servitude or theremoval of organs"#b$ The consent of a victim of trafcking in persons to the intendedexploitation set forth in subparagraph #a$ of this article shall beirrelevant where any of the means set forth in subparagraph #a$have been used"#c$ The recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring or receiptof achildfor thepurposeof exploitationshall beconsideredtrafcking in persons even if this does not involve any of themeans set forth in subparagraph #a$ of this article"#d$ %hild shall mean any person under eighteen years of age.The above cited definition clearly defines that the main motive behind trafficking isexploitation of man, women and children which may be in any of the form present in themodern day society. The intensity of trafficking varies from place to place and it is present inalmost all countries no matter whether the country is developed or developing. (ven )arack*bama, the honourable %resident of the #nited +tates of America declared the ,anuary -./0as the $ational +lavery and Human Trafficking %revention month in the #nited +tates andensured that efforts would be taken to combat this problem. Although the havoc of traffickingis enormous, but witheffective policies, general awareness, implementationandproperexecution of laws, trafficking can be dealt.B. Magnitude and Causes of trafficking in India:In India, the most prevalent form of trafficking is commercial sex exploitation and severalwomen and young girls are forced in this business. $ow commercial sex exploitation hasbecomeavast industryworkingat global level. It is consideredthat Indiais asource,destination and transit country for trafficking of persons, including young girls, children andwomen. The -./0 annual &Trafficking in person' report released by #+ +ecretary of +tate,!ohn1erry,expressedgreat concernoverthecritical conditionofIndiaregardinghumantrafficking. The Indian +ection of report stated as2&3overnment officials4 complicity in human trafficking remained prevalent and the Indiangovernment made few efforts to bring them to !ustice5 victims were sometimes arrested ortargetedforinvestigationforreportingabuse,'saidtheIndiasectionofthereport, whichnoted that India made some improvements in victim care, rehabilitation, and compensation.&)ut the picture does not end here only as bride trafficking, forced labour, forced marriage,child trafficking are in ueue/. 1. Bride Trafficking and Commercial Seual !ploitation:)ridetrafficking has also embedded itsrootsin theIndian soilandhasmadethe presentcondition of Indian women more pathetic. India, the place where marriage is considered to bea universal and religious sacrament, where women are considered as images of female 3odspopularly known as &6evi' and some people are still trying to play with the same 3od whomthey worship. )ride trafficking involves buying, sale and resale of female brides under thecurtains of marriage. *n a day to day basis, a large number of females are being forced insuch marriages and they are being victimised by the cruelty and unnatural lust of traffickers.)ride trafficking also gives birth to rape, abduction, prostitution and other illegal activities.+uch brides become slaves for their families and their husbands as well.+everal families andmales forced their females to become domestic thrall in day and sex thrall in night. They,first, properly utilise them and whey they become bored or didn4t find them useful, sell themand buy another women. This business of forced sale and resale has grown and developedinto an efficient market leading to exploitation of women. Although there is no authorisedevidencewhichprovidestheauthenticstatusoftraffickingbut still several researchandsurveyshavebeenconductedinthepastwhichgivesanoverviewoftheintensityofthecurrent situation.According to (asten post-, 789 of total number of brides trafficked have been sold twice,-/9havebeensoldthriceand89of themhavebeensoldfour or moretimes. Thesestatistics of bride trafficking are humungous and flabbergasted. According to a studyconducted by 3lobal :oices, ;.9 of traffickedbrides are gang-rapedrepeatedlyona regular basis bytheir husbands andother male! http://indianexpress.com/article/world/world-others/us-wants-india-to-prosecute-human-traficking-ofenders/& http://justiceforwomenindia.wordpress.com/tag/traficking-statistics-in-india/'members of the family. ?ostly trafficked brides include young girl children preferably of /-to /< years of age and they can be bought for around /-.. bugs only. As per the reports ofThe ?inistry of "omen and @hild 6evelopment, < million women have been trafficked inIndia, 0.9 of which are minors. 8.9 of people trafficked into sex work in the country areadolescent girls between ages /--/8 of age.". Child Trafficking:#nder the purview of human trafficking, child trafficking has also evolved out which resultsin robbing and looting the freedom and the dignity of children, posing threat to their life andthrowingtheir futureintothedarkpoisonousdustbin. Thepossiblereasonsbehindchildtraffickingaretraffickedchildrenareusedforprostitution, theyareforcedintomarriage,sometimes they are illegally adopted and they are also used as cheap labour as well. #nderchild trafficking, young girls are sold by their families, boys are forced to work in mines andharmful places. (ven at some places the boys are thrown in the army to fight as soldiers at theage when they must have books in their hands instead of guns and bombs. Harvesting ororgan transplanting is also one of the most important causes of child trafficking. According to the estimates of IA*, about =;.,... to /,--7,... children Bboth boys andgirlC are in a forced labour situation as a result of trafficking.According to a report by(@%ATi.e. (nd @hild %rostitution, @hild %ornography, andTrafficking of children for +exual %urposes, /7.,... women and children are trafficked from+outh Asia to or through India.According to #$I@(D, a child victim of trafficking is Eany person under /; who is recruited,transported, transferred, harboured or received for the purpose of exploitation, either withinor outside a countryE< .6ue toincreasedrate of child trafficking, prostitutionofyounggirls preferably below/;years of age has also become a trend. There is a high demand for live-in-maids in variousregionsandsotofulfil thisdemand, placement cellshavebeenestablishedwhichforcedyoung girls into prostitution. These girls have to go through disastrous circumstances whichmake their life hell. The trafficking of children and young girls is most prevalent in Haryana,,harkhand, "est )engal, Fa!asthan etc. According to @ensus of -../, there are =0. females' http://www.childlineindia.org.in/child-traficking-india.htm(forevery/..maleinIndiabut suchnumberoffemalesinverylowinsomestatesandsituationis worst inHaryana. InHaryana, thereare;>>females for /...males. +uchalarming ratio reveals the declining number of females in India.#. $orced labour:It is least known form of slavery but it is used across the globe and is a significant tool ofenslaving people. A person becomes a bonded labourer when his labour is demanded as ameans of repayment for a loan0. Dorced labour can be seen in many forms like caste basedbonded labour, child bonded labour, gender bonded labour etc. The Indian )onded Aabour+ystem Abolition Act, /=>8 specifically prohibits any service arising out of debts includingforced labour and bonded labour. The law also provides specific answer to the uestion aswhat act would result into forced labour. The legal definition of Gthe bonded labour system4recogniHes force as including not only physical or legal elements, but also includingdeprivationof alternativechoices, economiccircumstances, andaderivedcompulsiontochooseaparticular courseofaction, suchasprovidingunderpaidor unpaidlabour.The@onstitutionof Indiaalsoprohibits forcedlabour inits articles. Inspiteof progressivelegislativeframeworkdealingwithforcedlabour,thesituationofforcedlabourand6alitbondedlabour in India is horribleand endemic. A reportby Anti-+lavery International in-..;,revealedthat 6alit bonded labourers are employedtocarryoutthemost physicallystrainingandmenial typesofworkinindustriessuchassilkfarms, ricemills, salt pans,fisheries, uarries and mines, tea and spice farming, brick-kilns, textile and domestic work7.As per the report of Human Fights "atch, Indian Agriculture accounts for approximately 80percentoftheentirepopulation4sworkforceandemploysmorebondedlabourersthanallother industries and services. The patriarchal system of families are largely responsible forthe slavery and labour of Indian women. +ince the beginning of society, the Indian womenare restricted to household works and still in some parts of India, they are not being givenadeuate freedom. The condition of 6alit women is even more crucial because of being in thelower phase in society, they are discriminated in several ways. @hildren are also vulnerable toforced and bonded labour in various areas of India. A Human Fights "atch report from -..< estimates that