An Information-Centric Network of Smart Objects Speakers: Marica Amadeo and Claudia Campolo Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Italy PALMARES

An Information-Centric Network of Smart Objects

Speakers: Marica Amadeo and Claudia CampoloUniversità Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Italy

PALMARES Workshop, Reggio Calabria, Italy, July 25, 2013

● From the IP-based model to the future Internet

● Information-Centric Networking (ICN)

● Content-Centric Networking (CCN)

● Benefits and open challenges for networks of smart objects

• CCN in WSNs

• Motivations and contributions

• CCN in Vehicular Environments


Outline

An Information-Centric Network of Smart ObjectsPalmares Workshop, July 25, 2013

The current Internet:an host-centric model

The hourglass

Hundreds of patches but Internet

only just works

● Communication is a conversation over a (wired) channel connecting two devices (End-to-End principle)

● Agnostic network: intermediate nodes are invisible and cannot choose (stateless forwarding)

● IP: best effort, unreliable, ineffective in mobile or disrupting networks


ISPs only see lots of different conversations, and the fact that all of those conversations have exactly the same bits in them is hidden!

What happens today

Thousands of objects

Users wantupload/download

contents


● High information distribution in wired and wireless networks● Thousands of small smart objects will be connected to the Internet (IoT

comes closer to reality)

● To align communication with the information-centric Internet usage● Convergence between wired, wireless and challenged networks

Future Internet Expectations

VANETWLAN

WIRED

WSN


● 2006 – Jacobson's Technical Talk at Google ● An address has to name data, not

conversation endpoints: ● Content names instead of host addresses

● Consumer-driven communication● Securing DATA, not the channel:

● Each content packet is a self-consistent unit:● Self-identifying: persistent unique name used

for retrieval● Self-authenticating: security services

embedded in each content packet● Caching very facilitated

Information-Centric Networking (ICN)


2006

2008 – EU: PSIRP, 4WARD

2009 – USA: CCN

2010 – EU: COMET, CONVERGENCE, SAIL, PURSUIT; USA: NDN, MobilityFirst

2011 – EU: CONNECT

Reference architecture:CCN/NDN

Content NameSelector

(scope, filter...)

Nonce

INTERESTContent Name

Signature

Signed Info

Data

DATA

● Our target: To realize efficient and effective communication between smart objects

● Reference model: Content-Centric Networking (CCN) and Named Data Networking (NDN)

● 2 packet types: INTEREST and DATA that carry content names● Hierarchical human readable names ● The consumer broadcasts an Interest packet, any node with a

correspondend DATA can answer

/Youtube/unirc/PalmaresIntro.mpg


CCN basic forwarding fabric

● Interest processing leverages three tables: CS, PIT, FIB

CScheck

PITcheck

FIBcheck

YES

YES

YES

Send DATA

NO

NO

NO

Discard INTEREST

Discard INTEREST

SendINTEREST


CCN for Smart Objects

● Examples of networks of Smart Objects: ● Smartphones connected in a MANET (Mobile Ad hoc NETwork)● Cars connected in a VANET (Vehicular Ad hoc NETwork)● Wireless Sensor Networks

● Joined features:● Mobility● Wireless broadcast channel● Resource constraints

INTERNET

V2V

V2I


CCN for Smart Objects:Why?

● Low-cost network configuration● Retrieve information without the need of addressing nodes

● Cope with intermittent and short-lived connectivity, and dynamic network topologies

● Connectionless mode● In- network caching and replication● Native data muling service● Multipath delivery

● Maximize the possibility of content sharing● Interest and Data broadcasting

● Customizable highly expressive naming● Name components customized on the basis of applications,

institution and global conventions● Security embedded in Data


CCN for Smart Objects:Open challenges

Applying CCN in networks of smart objects is not straightforward:

● New forwarding strategies ● Content discovery and data source selection ● Collision avoidance techniques

● New transport schemes● Reliability ● Interest retransmission with timeout estimation

● Naming design● Selection of name's components and hierarchy

● Interfaces with access layer technologies● IEEE 802.11g, WAVE/IEEE 802.11p, ZigBee


Outline● From the IP-based model to the future Internet




• CCN in WSNs





WSNs in a nutshellWireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are used for tasks such as environmental and building monitoring, logistics, surveillance


WSNs in a nutshell• Low-cost devices• Reduced storage/processing capabilities• Battery-powered devices• Short-range communications

Most of them must be connected to the Internet, through which monitoring and controlling entities can poll sensor nodes

INTERNET INTERNET


Why CCN in WSNs?

The host-centric Internet approach mismatches the data-centric nature of communications in WSNsThe nature of the data is more important than the identity/location of the sensor that gathers them

CCN provides a comprehensive solution encompassing routing, transport, naming and security issues

INTERNET INTERNET

Which is the temperature in room 1?


Expected benefitsEasy data retrieval/Scalability. Hierarchical content naming can facilitate content search and retrieval in large-scale WSNs regardless of the data’s physical location.

Efficiency. CCN does not require preliminary network configuration procedures, which could be time- and energy-consuming.

Caching. The content can be stored at different nodes (according to their storage capabilities) and be available under intermittent connectivity conditions (sleep times/out of energy nodes).


Our contributions1. Design of improved forwarding strategies for

monitoring applications (simulation study)

2. Feasibility evaluation of a two-tier CCN architecture on off-the-shelf smart objects (prototype)






Contribution 1Data collection in WSNs through CCN

Building monitoring appl.

INTERNET INTERNET

Temp room 01

Temp room 02Humidity room 02

Humidity room 01Temp room 04buildingX/humidity/room1


Contribution 1Data collection in WSNs through CCN

Consumer

Building monitoring

appl.

Temp sensor 01

Temp sensor 02

Humidity sensor 01

Humidity sensor 02

Temp sensor 03

buildingX/humidity/room1

SinkINTEREST

DATA


CCN pillars

Broadcast wireless medium

Redundancy and collisions to be avoided





Contribution 2• How to address heterogeneity issues in the end-to-end

scenario?


powerful devices

resource-constrained devices

WSN

Contribution 2• Two-Tier CCN Architecture

ℓCCN

ℓCCN

Consumer

ℓCCN

Proxy

ℓCCN


APPL

CCN

TCP/IP

ACCESS

APPL

CCN

TCP/IP

ACCESS

ACCESS

CCN

APPL

lightweight CCN (ℓCCN)

ACCESS

CCN

APPL

plain CCN in overlay

mode(CCNx)

Contribution 2

• Preliminary prototype• WSN made of Xbee shields attached to

Arduino micro-processors boards with temperature/humidity sensors (50 €)

• Sink node: Raspberry PI single-board computer with Linux and acting as a proxy (30 €)


Contribution 2

Consumer

Temp sensor 01

Temp sensor 02

Humidity sensor 01

Humidity sensor 02

Temp sensor 03

buldingX/temp

SinkINTEREST

• How to retrieve data from groups of sensors at the same time, e.g., all information from different temperature sensors?


21°

23° 28°

Outline● From the IP-based model to the future Internet




• CCN in WSNs





Vehicles as a community of smart objects

INTERNET INTERNET

vehicle-to-vehicle

vehicle-to-roadside

Sensors

vehicle-to-infrastructure


CCN in vehicular environments

• Contents stored in the remote infrastructure • Contents generated on the fly by vehicles • Contents already retrieved by nearby vehicles


Space- and time-relevant

applications

CCN

IEEE 802.11p PHY

APPL

FORWARDING

CACHING

TRANSPORT

NAMING

IEEE 802.11p MAC

PACKET SUPPRESSIO

N

Proper Interest retransmission procedures to cope with the error-prone wireless channel

Manage highly varying network topologies due to mobility through barebone path-state information in packets

Redundancy and collisions to keep under control through defer timers and overhearing

Contributions


Conclusions

• Technological Feasibility

• Evaluation still in progress

• Future Work

• CCN over SenseLab (INRIA)

• CCN over OpenWRT

• CCN over Android Smartphones


For any questions/curiosities please join the

poster/demo session

12:30-13.30

THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION!


Documents

An Information-Centric Network of Smart Objects Speakers: Marica Amadeo and Claudia Campolo Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Italy PALMARES