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An Improved Algorithm of Wildfire Detection and a Method of Wildfire Observation for Validation. Koji Nakau Ph.D (JAXA/EORC) Masami Fukuda Ph.D (Fukuyama City Univ.) Hiroki Eto (Japan Airlines Co., Ltd.) [email protected]. Importance of Satellite Infomation on Wildfire. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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An Improved Algorithm of Wildfire Detection and a Method of Wildfire Observation for ValidationKoji Nakau Ph.D (JAXA/EORC)Masami Fukuda Ph.D (Fukuyama City Univ.)Hiroki Eto (Japan Airlines Co., Ltd.)
1
Importance of Satellite Infomation on Wildfire
• Importance of Wildfire– Environment: Severe impact on ecology, Soil or Peat– Climate: Non-negligible GHGs emission– Disaster: Needs for saving life, welth and society
• Roles of Satellite imagery for Wildfire – Information for Fire Service for Efficient activity
– High resolution is demanded for judge accessbility.– Map or image are not distributable in developping countries. – More verbal information is demanded.
– Fire is small and rare event• Getting ground based validation data is not so easy• Especially comparison with observation by human eyes
Aim of This Research• Improve fire detection algorithm
– To improve, not detected fire is important
• Observe wildfire from cockpit– Air carrier can ovserve wide area everyday
• Utilization of future sensors – SGLI (Second generation Global Imager)– CIRC(Compact InfraRed Camera)
3
JAXA’s Activity Related to this Research
4
Fire Suppression
Data Providing
Fire DetectionValidationData
Fire DetectionAlgorithm
Sentinel Asia
JICA-JST
AFS
JAL Fire Obs.
AFS Fire Info
Wild Fire MonitorSystem
JICA-JST
Throughout from Algorithm to Social Implementation
Observ. Algorithm System Social Impr.
GCOM-C MODIS
CIRC@ISS/ALOS2Astronaut ?JASMES
Fire Location in AK
Fire Location in INA
Observation by human eye High res. Thermal IR sensor
Fire Suppression in AK
Fire Suppression in Indonesia
Distribute Disaster Infomation
Global Wildfire Detection
Wildfire Detection Algorithm
5
Approach to Detect Fire
6
We need to estimate radiation from fire to detect fire.
Radiation from FireEmission
from BackgroundReflectance of Background
Total Radiance of Satellite Observation
What we need is Radiation from Fire
Estimated byThermal Infrared
Estimated bySWIR
RadBG.Ref RadBG.Ems RadFire
Rad4mm
Distribution of Hotspots
7
Result of Fire DetectionAlgorithm developed
Reflection from background land cover considered▪ Ancillary algorithms are improved ; Cloud cover, Snow mask
Doubled S/N ratio (comparing to MOD14)▪ 80% more HS & 10% less False Alarm (2004 AK day MODIS)▪ Smoldering, small fire or slush and burn
Different Geographical Distribution
Next Step Validation Detect Smoldering (smoldering is not detected)
8
Wildfire observation by JAL pilots
9
Procedure of wildfire observation by JAL pilots
• When finding a wildfire, a pilot send a report to ground staff. This report is stored in database.
• Including location of aircraft, distance to wildfire and others. Authors estimated the location of wildfire using this report.
• However, utilization of these report does not go straight.– location is not so relyable
• Extraction of relyable location from reports needed.
A pilot send a reportto ground staff
Ground staff inputon the web form
Data base Validation
Sample of observed wildfire
11
Estimating fire location from a fire report by pilot
12
Waypoint
EstimatedLocation of Aircraft
AdjacentWaypoint
True north
True bearingMagnetic bearing
Magnetic north
16 bearing
Coordinates of waypoint+Distance from waypoint+Magnetic bering from waypoint+Declination
Coordinates of aircraft+Heading of aircraft
Airway
Wildfire reports in 2010
Wildfire observation in 2011 in Russia
Result of wildfire observation
• Total 990 reports are submitted from pilots in these 8 years.
• We needed trial and error to utilize this data. Therefore, analysis is still undergoing.
Year Duration JPN–EUR/America days report
2003 1 Jun - 31 Jul 62 101
2004 17 May - 31 Jul 76 77
2005 23 May - 5 Aug 75 30
2006 12 Jun - 12 Aug 62 138
2007 12 Jun - 12 Sep 62 172
2008 12 Jun - 12 Sep 93 263
2009 1 Jun - 1 Sep 93 158
2010 27 Jul~ 27 Sep 62 51
Wildfire on 07 Aug
15
Wildfire on 07 Aug(with MODIS visible RGB on 07 Aug)
16
Wildfire on 07 Aug(with RGB=MODIS:4mm/2.2mm/1.2mm on 07 Aug)
17
Wildfire on 07 Aug(with RGB=MODIS:4mm/2.2mm/1.2mm on 07 Aug)
18
Fraction of detection by satellite for observed fire
19
NASA JAXA両方0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
MOD14Combination of Proposed
Failed to detect fire by MODIS
Succeed to detectfire by MODIS
• Location of observation is not so accurate.– # of fail to detect may
include such an error
• Overwrapped fire location might be relatively reliable.– previous slide is an
example
Summary• Proposed algorithm performed better
– For the observed fire by JAL• Reliable observed fire location
extracted– Observed fire pixel failed to detect by satellite
will be extracte based on this method.
Utilization of future sensorsSGLI (Second generation Global Imager)CIRC(Compact InfraRed Camera)
21
CIRC/CALETon JEM/ISSFY2013
Swath: 80kmResolution: 115m
SGLI on GCOM-C1FY2015Swath: 1150kmResolution: 250m
CIRCon ALOS-2FY2013
Swath: 130kmResolution: 200m
Integrative Analysis of middle-high resolution IR sensor datasets.
Submitting the latest fire fighting aid data
JAXA’s sensors to be available for wildfire
Collaboration withUNIFORM
MODIS 2009-09-26CIRC (simulated from TM) 2009-09-26
Locations of burning fire can be identified as .
SGLI(250m) + CIRC(115m)for accurate fire location
現在主流の MODIS では、場所が 1km 単位でしか分からない
Hotspotby MODIS
Summary• Importance of Wildfire Management
– Fire emit ¼ to ½ as much as GHG by human• JAXA Wildfire Monitoring
– JAXA will launch several sensorsavailable for wildfire monitoring from FY2013
– Algorithm with better performance• Wildfire observation by JAL
– 990 ovservation has reported.– Reliability of location is improving– Identified fire pixels failed to detect fire