Microsoft Word - BAFS glossary 071130.docin Secondary Schools
2007
3
PREAMBLE This glossary provides Chinese translations of those English terms commonly used in the teaching of Business, Accounting and Financial Studies at secondary level for the reference of teachers, students and other stakeholders. Comments on the glossary are welcome, please contact the Chief Curriculum Development Officer (Technology Education), Curriculum Development Institute, Education Bureau, at W101, 1/F, West Block, Education Bureau Kowloon Tong Education Services Centre, 19 Suffolk Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong.


19 1 W101
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EXPLANATORY NOTES The terms included in this glossary are those used in the teaching of Business, Accounting and Financial Studies in Secondary 4-6. The following sets out the system of presentation for the Glossary: 1. The English terms are listed in alphabetical order, e.g. the term ‘accounts payable’ is set
out beginning with the letter ‘a’ under alphabet ‘A’. 2. Common abbreviations of some English terms are enclosed in bracket beside the terms,
e.g. Asian Development Bank (ADB) 3. Where more than one Chinese version is given for an English term, the different Chinese
translations are separated by a semi-colon, e.g. ‘bearer cheque’ 4. Where an English term has different meanings, the corresponding Chinese translations
are preceded by numerals (1), (2), ……and separated by a comma, e.g. ‘discount’ (1) (2)(3)
5. All entries in the Chinese to English glossary are listed in the order of number of
strokes.


1. ‘accounts payable’‘a’
‘A’ 2. Asian
Development Bank (ADB) 3. ‘bearer
cheque’ 4.
‘discount’ (1)(2)(3) 5.
5
6
A

accept or reject an order at a special price
acceptance (1)(2)
accepted draft (bill) ()
account executive
account sales
accounting convention
accounting ratio
accounting record
accounting report
accounting software
accounting standards
accounting statement
accounting system
accounting theory
active partner
added value
adequate disclosure
9
advisory support
aids to trade
allocate
alteration of capital

10
annual leave
annual report
annuity
application of fund
aptitude test
arbitrage
arm's length transaction
as at
assembling
at cost
at market
authoritarian
authority
autonomous work group
average stock
avoidable cost
avoidable risk
balance of trade
bank charge
below par
benefit management
benefit survey
bilateral arrangement
bill of lading
bond
bond interest
book value
breakeven analysis/ break-even analysis


business enterprise
business entity
call in arrear

capital gearing
19
capital structure

20
cash over and short
cash rebate
centralised management
Certificate of Incorporation
Certificate of Origin
certificate of posting
chain store
chief financial controller

21
clarity
classified advertising
Code of Best Practice Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing Limited

coercive power
comparability
conciliator

conservatism
consolidated group
consolidation goodwill
contra entry
contract
contribution to sales
controlling account
co-operative society
co-ordinate system
cost centre
cost classification
cost concept
cost control
cost of capital
cost of completed goods
cost of control
cost of goods sold
cost of sales
cost-benefit analysis
credit analysis
credit card
Critical Path Method (CPM)
crossed cheque
current asset
current cost
customer service
customers ledger
day book
debenture
debit memorandum
debit note
debt management
debt ratio
debt-equity ratio
debtor
debt-to-equity ratio
decentralised management
decision making
declared dividend
declared value
decline stage
declining-balance method
decrement
deed
default
deficiency account
deficiency appropriation

32
deploy
deposit protection scheme

33

discount on debenture
discount on share
discretionary income
dismissal
disposal value
dissolution
distribution
distribution channel
documentary bill
domestic trade

economies of scale
electronic banking
electronic computer
eliminate or retain an unprofitable segment
elimination
employers’ association
endowment fund
endowment insurance
equalisation reserve

equity finance
Equity Theory
error of principle
esprit de corps
esteem need
ex
exceptional item
exchange (1)(2)
exchange control
exchange fund
exclusive distribution
feedback
final call
financial management
free currency
free enterprise
free port
free price
free trade
freehold


functional departmentalisation
Gantt chart
gearing ;
general average

globalization
goods in transit
goods on consignment
gross loss
gross margin
gross proceeds
gross profit
gross profit ratio
gross revenue
growth stage
Hang Seng China-Affiliated Corporations Index
Hang Seng Commerce and Industry Sub-Index
Hang Seng Composite Index Series
Hang Seng Composite Industry Indices
Hang Seng Consumer Price Index
Hang Seng Index
head office
hedging
high geared
historical cost
holding period
48
Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing Limited (HKEx)

Hong Kong Financial Reporting Standards (HKFRS)

Hong Kong General Chamber of Commerce
Hong Kong Index
Hong Kong Interbank Offered Rate (HIBOR)


Hong Kong Monetary Authority (HKMA)
Hong Kong Mortgage Corporation Limited
Hong Kong Productivity Council
Hong Kong Standards and Testing Centre Ltd., The


horizontal analysis of statement
horizontal communication
horizontal merger
idle capacity
idle equipment
impairment
impairment loss
impersonal accounts
implied term
import duty
import licence
imprest fund
imprest system
incentive pay
income and expense
income in advance
income statement
income tax
industrial conflict
industrial diversification
industrial goods
industrial relations


injunction
inland mail

internal transaction
internal transfer
international trade
interpersonal skill
intrafirm comparison
intragroup indebtedness
intrinsic factor
intrinsic reward
introduction stage
inventory control technique
Investor Compensation Fund
investor compensation regime
issued at a discount
issued at a premium
issued at par
job design
job enlargement
job enrichment
job evaluation
job inspection
job redesign
job rotation
job satisfaction
job title

labour union
layoff

legitimate power
letter of enquiry
level of responsibility
level of salary
(2)
life assurance
limited company

liquidity

location of industry
62

loss ratio
low geared
lower of cost or net realisable value
lump-sum
macroeconomic control policy


(3)
management consultant
management level
management principle
management science
management skill
management structure
manipulation of data
manpower planning
marginal costing
marine insurance
market segment
market share
market value
marketable security
(2)
marketing concept
marketing decision
marketing effort
marketing environment
marketing management


mechanisation
median
Memorandum of Association
mentoring
middle manager
modernisation
mortgagee
mortgagor
motion study
multinational corporation
net loss
net proceed
net purchases
nominal capital

nominal value
odd pricing
office automation
office equipment
office expense
office furniture
office layout
offset
off-the-job training

72
opinion leader
order cheque


orientation
ownership
ownership utility
participating preferred stock
participative management
payee
payroll (1)(2)
peer appraisal
pegged exchange rate system
penetration pricing
performance management
perishability
physiological need
piecemeal distribution
place utility
placement
placing
plan
plant
policy holder
postal communication
post-closing trial balance
post-dated cheque
pre-closing trial balance
preemptive right
preferred stock
price fixing
price-earnings ratio (P/E ratio)
price-sensitive information
primary demand

principle

80
principle of subrogation
prior year adjustment
pro forma invoice
pro forma statement

product attribute
product line
production-oriented
profit margin
profit motive
profitability
profitability ratio
profit-volume chart

property
proprietor
prospectus
provision for depreciation
provision of professional

public limited company
public relations
84
quality control
quantifiability
rate of stockturn
rate of turnover

recruitment
redundancy (1)(2)
Registrar of Companies
registration of companies
reimbursement
reinforcement/reinforcer
reinsurance
relevance
relevant cost
relevant range
relevant revenue
rent
89
reorganisation
repairs and maintenance
research and development cost
reseller
reserve for contingency
reserve for depletion
reserve for depreciation
reserve fund
retained earnings
retained profit
retired bill
retired partner
retirement protection
retirement scheme
retroactive basis
return on investment
returns inward
revaluation reserve
revenue
revenue expenditure
revenue receipt (1)(2)
revenue reserve
revolving credit
reward power
risk reduction
risk spreading
risk transfer
road transport
routine job
royalty interest
sales allowance
sales book
sales quota

secondary production
secret partner
Securities Ordinance
security need
semi-finished product
semi-manufactured product
semi-variable cost
seniority
settlement
share (1)(2)
share capital
share premium
share registrar

skimming pricing
Small Claims Tribunal
small scale production
SME Mentorship Programme
social accounting
social need
solvency
span of management
special economic zone
specialised staff (1)(2)
specialty goods
specialty store
staff efficiency
statement of affairs

statement of source and application of funds
state-owned enterprise (Mainland China) ()
static budget
stock exchange
Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited, The (SEHK)

stock in hand

subsidiary account
subsidiary company
substance over form
synergetic effect
system analysis
system analyst
system design
takeover (1)(2)
takeover bid

three-tier financial structure
timeliness


104
trust deed
trust fund
trust receipt
trustee

Two-Factor Theory
unit trust

106
unity of direction
unity of objective

107
V
variable costing
variable expense
variable overhead
variance analysis
vertical merger
viewdata system
virtual market
warranty (1)(2)
weighted average
whole life insurance
whole life policy
working capital fund
working capital management
working capital ratio
write off
110
Y
yield method
yield rate
yield ratio
import restriction
listing requirement
listing rules
listed security
subsidiary company
labour turnover rate
industrial union
industrial diversification
industrial safety
industrial dispute
industrial goods
industrial training
industrial relations
payroll ; wage
wage rate
paid-up capital
retired bill
unavoidable cost
irredeemable stock
bearer share
not negotiable
SME Loan Guarantee Scheme
Small and Medium Enterprise (SME)
119
middle manager
intrinsic factor
inherent goodwill
intrinsic reward
internal check
internal transaction
internal control
internal audit
internal transfer
internal financing
company ; corporation
intrafirm comparison
company law
company act
Companies Ordinance
public relations
reserve
controlled company
allotment
allotment
piecemeal distribution
installment credit
installment credit
installment loan
installment sale
hire purchase
distributor ; reseller
distribution expense
cheque clearance
prompt cash
journal entry
non-contributory provident fund
contribution margin ; gross margin ; gross profit ; margin ; trading profit
gross profit ratio
marine insurance
fire loss
fire insurance
parent company
principal
full disclosure
full disclosure
factoring
ex-works
accelerated depreciation
semi-variable cost
disposable income
quantifiability
exchange control ; foreign exchange control
foreign currency
marketing management
marketing function
market analysis
market diversification
market segmentation
market diversification
marketing channel
market share
marketing decision
market orientation
market niche
market information
marketing effort
market capitalisation
horizontal integration
average stock
average collection period
equal-annual-payment depreciation method
principal
future value
unclaimed dividend
outstanding liability
final dividend
final dividend
uncalled capital
formal organisation
production
productivity
production capacity
sales quota
137

advice note
delivered price
travelling expense
integration of enterprises
reorder point/re-order point
nominal capital
nominal account
nominal capital
nominal value
cash in transit
goods in transit
on-the-job training
multiperson comparison
142
rate of stockturn ; stock turnover
inventory turnover
stock valuation
stock reserve
inventory control ; inventory management ; stock control
inventory control technique
safety stock
margin of safety
year-end dividend
year-end adjustment
seniority
cost-benefit analysis
cost-benefit analysis
cost-effectiveness analysis
lower of cost or net realizable value
cost concept
round lot
batch processing
growth stage
constituent company
result management
achievement test
revenue reserve
realisation convention
statement of revenue and expenditure
recovery
repossession
income and expense
earning-capacity value
income account
income and expenditure account
income and expenditure account
revenue reserve
acquisition accounting
takeover bid
tangible product
visible trade
tangible asset
autopay
Behaviorally Anchored Rating Scales (BARS)
market information
marketing mix
marketing channel
marketing management
marketing environment
below par
inferior goods
low geared
aging schedule for doubtful debts
allowance for doubtful accounts ; provision for bad debts ; reserve for bad debts
absorption costing
depreciation
depreciation allowance
Investor Compensation Fund
investor compensation regime
investment portfolio ; portfolio
return on investment
probation period
royalty
controlling shareholder
due ; maturity
synergetic effect
command ; order
fixed capital
fixed asset
odd pricing
standing order
fixed deposit account
income tax
brought down
legal entity
statutory book
statutory reserve
authorised capital
statutory body
direct distribution
direct distribution
direct debit
over-the-counter trading
direct costing
direct debit
direct marketing
direct debit
direct material
alteration of capital
share registrar
shareholder ; stockholder
three-tier financial structure
166
impersonal accounts
unquoted investment
red-herring prospectus
informal organisation
club accounts
carrying cost
retained earnings
deposit
warranty
warranty
quality control
vertical integration
vertical form
vertical communication
team-building
at market
article method
piece rate
at cost
at par
category method
licensed bank
continuity postulate
current fund ; liquid capital
liquidity ratio
liquidity ratio
research and development cost
Research and Development (R & D)
account
factor
time rate
interview
interview
innovation
down payment
Chinese Manufacturers’ Association of Hong Kong, The
Chinese General Chamber of Commerce, The
Hong Kong Export Credit Insurance Corporation
Hong Kong Exchange Fund
Hong Kong Productivity Council
Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing Limited (HKEx)
Hong Kong Monetary Authority (HKMA)
Hong Kong Mortgage Corporation Limited
Hong Kong Index
Hong Kong Financial Reporting Standards (HKFRS)
Hong Kong Futures Exchange Limited
Hong Kong Trade Facilitation Council
Hong Kong Trade Development Council
Hong Kong Statement of Standards and Accounting Practice (HKSSAP)
Hong Kong Management Association
Hong Kong Association of Banks, The
180
Hong Kong Standards and Testing Centre Ltd., The
Hong Kong General Chamber of Commerce
Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited, The (SEHK)
Hang Seng Commerce and Industry Sub-Index
Hang Seng China Enterprises Index
Hang Seng Index
debit
promotion
debit
debit
mortgagor
I.O.U. (I owe you) ; promissory note
ante-dated cheque
personalised service
182
original cost
principle
leverage
utility
endowment fund
retained profit
retained earnings
sick leave
good faith
matrix departmentalisation
matrix organisation
rent
lease
pure profit
pure risk
recorded delivery
187
position statement
financial performance
financial leverage
financial report
financial statement
financial accounting
financial leverage
financial management
aging problem
motion study
personal property
folio reference
participative management
participative management
business registration certificate
business opportunity
gross proceeds
indent
international marketing
international trade
primary market
base stock
fund
professional independence
gross book value
coercive power
controlling shareholder
accept or reject an order at a special price
takeover
promotion
net income
net worth
net loss
net asset
cash discount
cash dividend
cash flow
cash flow
cash forecast
cash budget
cash management
cash sale
cash book
present value
current cost
product specification
product development
product line
product adaptation
product attribute
maternity leave
output ; yield
industrial union
bill of exchange ; draft ; note
clearing house
noting charge
discount house
primary market
main board
primary production
first-line manager
secondary market
secondary production
third party insurance
third party ownership
syndicated loan
accumulated fund
cumulative frequency
cumulative frequency
terminal value
grievance procedure
routine job
accountability
carriage forward
carriage paid
continuous production
quick liability
express delivery
courier service
Code of Best Practice Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing Limited
final call
best lending rate ; prime rate
Most Favoured Nation (MFN)
best lending rate
initial capital
industrial conflict ; industrial dispute ; labour dispute ; trade dispute
Labour Tribunal
Labour Relations Ordinance
one way communication
207
document
general journal
general partnership
general partner
general reserve
general fund
general overhead
scrap issue
futures market
hot money
current investment
short-term loan
short-term capital
short-term capital
short-term financing
process departmentalisation
process layout
duty ; tax
tax regime
result management
closing entry
closing date
structural unemployment
structured deposit
structured interview
clearing house
absolute advantage
infant industry
paper profit
nominal account
nominal ledger
fictitious asset
virtual market
213
registered capital
appraisal
appraise
credit transfer
ultra vires
work overtime
super profit
overriding commission
formation expense
indirect labour
indirect production
indirect cost
indirect material
consequential loss
indirect compensation
intermittent production
idle capacity
idle equipment
scalar principle
scalar chain
discount on debenture
debt financing
acceptance of bill of exchange
remittance
break-even analysis/breakeven analysis
break-even chart/breakeven chart
219
profit and loss account
nominal account
incoming partner
new issue market
accounting transaction
accounting system
accounting cycle
accounting procedure
accounting period
accounting concept
accounting standards
accounting control
accounting error
operating
document of title
communication channel
communication network
communication barrier
quasi partner
quasi reorganisation
provision ; reserve
Advisory Committee on Diversification
Economic Order Quantity (EOQ)
Economic Order Quantity (EOQ)
economic zone ; special economic zone
recovery
principle of indemnity
fixtures and fittings
capital maintenance
capital maintenance
gearing ratio
capital gain
capital gain
capital reduction
funds statement ; statement of source and application of funds
fund flow
capital gearing
informative advertising
information system
information management
post balance sheet event
net asset value
documentary credit ; documentary letter of credit
documentary bill
multinational corporation
operational planning
lobbying
e-marketing strategy
electronic computer
electronic banking
telecommunication
telecommunication
advance
call in advance
call in advance
employers’ association
employees’compensation
real cost
substance over form
management accounting
management game
level of management ; managerial hierarchy
management structure
management consultant
arithmetic mean
arithmetic mean
cost of completed goods ; cost of goods manufactured
manufacturing enterprise
manufacturing account
manufacturing operation
credit term
credit period
credit sale
post-dated cheque
deferred expenditure
unearned income
cash at bank
bank interest rate
bank reconciliation statement
banker’s acceptance
need hierarchy
consular invoice
consular invoice
standardisation
potential customer
latent demand
latent demand
potential customer
hot money
incentive pay
reward power
quality control
shift system
revolving credit
revolving credit
merchantable quality
sales-oriented
cost of goods sold ; cost of sales
sales commission
242
returns inward book ; sales returns book
account sales
net sales
sales invoice
trade debtor
sales budget
gross sales
balance
243

security
horizontal integration
private ledger
historical cost
sole proprietorship ; sole trader
sole proprietor
active partner
preference share dividend ; preference share premium
preference share dividend
preference share premium
sinking fund bond
creditors ledger control account ; purchases ledger control account ; total creditors account
accounts payable turnover
debtors ledger control account ; sales ledger control account ; total debtors account
factoring house
pledging accounts receivable
reserve for contingency
operating cost
operating profit
trade discount
retained earnings
business cycle ; operating cycle
operating expense
circulating capital ; trading capital ; working capital
working capital ratio
working capital fund
net working capital
working capital management
gross
total account
vertical analysis
vertical integration
vertical communication
joint account
joint venture
associated company
inter-company profit
inter-company transaction
ad hoc committee
loss
exemption
purchases journal
purchasing power
trend analysis
tax avoidance
payback period
reversing entry
253

employee association
off-the-job training
terms of reference
general expense ; miscellaneous expense ; sundry expense
two way communication
two way communication
bad debt recovery
conservatism ; prudence
bookkeeping cycle
paid-in surplus
contributed capital
contribution amount
stock market
stock exchange
jobber ; stockjobber
Securities Ordinance
contribution margin
fringe benefit
Critical Path Method (CPM)
key employee
advisory support
T T account
X Theory X
Y Theory Y