Client: Clogrennane Lime Ltd Date: June 2004

An Archaeological Impact Assessment of a

Proposed Development at Ballybrody, Ennis, Co. Clare

Planning Ref. PO4/615

Brid Kirby

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.- HEADLAND ARCHAEOLOGY LTD. Archaeological impact assessment of a proposed development at Ballybrody,

Ennis, Co. Clare

I.

CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION 2. METHODOLOGY 3. DESK-BASED STUDY 4. SITE INSPECTION 5. DISCUSSION 6. ARCHAEOLOGICAL IMPACT STATEMENT 7. MITIGATION PROPOSALS 8. BIBLIOGRAPHY

Appendix 1: Catalogue of Archaeological Sites, Architectural Heritage Sites & Industrial Archaeological Sites

Appendix 2: Summary Impact Table of Sites Within Study Area

Summary An archaeological impact assessment was undertaken in support of an application for permission to erect a lime kiln, fuel oil store and ancillary buildings, facilities and development works at Ballybrody,

En&, Co. Clare. An assessment was made of relevant and readily available literary and cartographic sources, and a visual inspection was made of the site.

While the proposed site is located within a rich archaeological landscape, the construction of the

proposed development will not impact on any sub-surface archaeological features or material as the site was previously quarried for lime extraction. Therefore, the potential to identify any sub-surface features and material of archaeological significance no longer exists. Neither will there be a predicated impact on any of the eight previously recorded archaeological sites within the surrounding

landscape.

Based on the results of archaeological assessment and site inspection, there are no archaeological mitigation recommendations with regard to this development. This recommendation is subject to approval by the Department of the Environment, Heritage & Local Government.

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Ennis, Co. Clare

Figure 1’ Site location

Figure 2 Extract from RMF map (1920 OS background) indicating previously recorded archaeological

sites (l-8)

List of Plates Plate 1 Recorded archaeological monument Site 5, as viewed from the area proposed for development Plate 2 W-facing view of existing quarry site

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HEAbLAND ARCHAEOLOGY LTD. Archaeological impact assessment of a proposed development at Ballybrody,

Ennis, Co. Clare

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L’,. I. INTRODUCTIOPi

An archaeological impact assessment was undertaken by Headland Archaeology Ltd on the proposed erection of a lime kiln, fuel oil store and ancillary buildings, facilities and development works at Ballybrody, Bnnis, Co. Clare (Figure I), Planning Ref. l?O4/615. The work was undertaken in support of a plannin g application and includes a study of readily available literary and cartographic sources and a site inspection.

2. METHODOLOGY

An archaeological desk-based study of existing archaeological records, and other potentially relevant literary and cartographic sources was undertaken. This was followed up with a site inspection to

record any additional features of interest.

3. DESK-BASED STUDY

Sites & Monuments Record and Record of Monuments & Places The Sites & Monuments Record (SMR) consists of Ordnance Survey B-inch maps with annotated

known and suspected archaeological sites that generally pre-date AD 1700. The SMR was collated from documentary sources; various editions of Ordnance Survey maps, aerial photography, historical and archaeological literature, 17th century Down Survey and Civil Survey maps, 18th century estate maps and folklore/oral traditions. The National Monuments Act (1994) made provision for a Record of Monuments & Places @Ml’). The RMP is a revised set of SMR maps, on which newly discovered sites have been added and locations which proved not to be of antiquity have been de-listed by the

National Monuments Service. Eight sites listed in the Record of Monuments & Places (RMP) are located within the wider study area surrounding the proposed development (Sites l-8). None of these are located in the immediate vicinity of the area proposed for development, the nearest being at a distance of c.118m (Site 5).

Topographical files The topographical files of the National Museum of Ireland identify both recorded stray artefacts that have been donated to the State in accordance with national monuments legislation, and excavated artefacts. No such finds are recorded for the townland of Ballybrody, and the neighbouring townlands of Toonagh Commons, Cappanakilla and Caherclancy.

Legislative Protection for sites of Archaeological, Architectural and Industrial Heritage Archaeological, architectural and industrial heritage sites are protected under the National Monuments and National Monuments (Amendment) Acts 1930-94, the Architectural Heritage (National Inventory) and Historic Monuments (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 1999 and the Local Government Planning and Development Act 2000.

Archaeological sites Eight archaeological sites were identified, from cartographic and literary sources, within the wider area surrounding the proposed development (Sites l-8). All of these are listed in the Record of Monuments and Places (RMP). The term ‘historic monument’ was defined in the National

Monuments (Amendment) Act 1987 as, ‘a prehistoric monument and any monument associated with the commercial, cultural, economic, industrial, military, religious or social history of the place where it is situated or of the county’, which predates AD 1700, ‘or such later date as the Minister may appoint by regulations’.

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- HEADLkND ARdHAEOLOGY LTD. Archaeological impact assessment of a proposed development at Ballybrody,

Ennis, Co. Glare

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Architechrral Heritage sites No sites of architectural heritage were identified within the area proposed for development,

Industrial Archaeological sites No sites of industrial archaeological significance were identified within the area proposed for

development.

4. SITE INSPECTION

The site proposed for development at Ballybrody, Ennis, Co. Clare is located along the R476 approximately 5 miles NW of Ennis and was inspected on 31st May 2004. The proposed site is located

at the SSW extent of an active limestone quarry (Ryan Bros. Ltd, Toonagh, Plate 2) and covers an area of 2.766 hectares. It is predominantly levelled and quarried out, with pockets of scrub and outcrop

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visible amongst large gravel mounds. No above ground features of archaeological significance were identified within the proposed site. If there were any originally, they have been removed as a result of previous works at the site. Therefore, the potential to identify any sub-surface features and material

of archaeological significance no longer exists.

5. DISCUSSION

While no above ground features of archaeological potential were identified, the proposed development is located within a wider landscape that is rich in archaeological monuments (Figure 2). The recorded archaeological sites in the surrounding area include a cashel (Site l), three enclosures (Sites 5,7 & S), the sites of three more enclosures (Sites 2,3 & 6) and the site of an earthwork (Site 4).

Cashels, such as Site 1, are farmsteads of the early medieval period c.3OOAD to 1100AD. Generally comprised of a circular/ sub-circuIar stone wall and surrounding ditch/fosse, they usually enclose an area of approximately 25-60m in diameter. Along with their earthen-built equivalent of the ringfort, they constitute the commonest field monument in the Irish landscape. Cashels form a distinctive element of the landscape of Co. Clare, given the ready availability of raw materials. Enclosures and earthworks, such as Sites 2-8, can be more difficult to date without excavation, and while some may

represent ringforts, other may be earlier in date. The density of recorded archaeological sites in the wider landscape (SMR Sheet 25, Co. Clare) clearly demonstrates continued human activity in the wider area surrounding the proposed development from early historic times onwards.

Toponomy A townland name may preserve information relating to its archaeology, history, folklore, ownership, topography or land use. Most place names were anglicised by the Ordnance Survey begun in the 1830’s. Despite some inaccuracies in translation, the Gaelic, Viking, Anglo-Norman and English origins of place names are generally recognisable. Ballybrody is derived from ‘Brody’s homestead’, and Toonagh means a ‘mound or rampart’ (Joyce 1923, 89). The area proposed for development is located in the barony of Inchiquin, which may be roughly equated with the ancient territory of Kineal Fearmaic.

6. ARCJXAEOLOGICAL IMPACT STATEMENT ‘:

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An assessment of relevant and readily available literary and cartographic sources indicate that the proposed development is located within a rich archaeological landscape. However, following a visual

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inspection of the site it is concluded that the construction of the proposed development will not impact on any sub-surface archaeological features or material at the site as the site was previously

quarried for lime extraction. Neither will there be a predicated impact on any of the eight archaeological sites within the surrounding landscape, including Site 5, which lies at a distance of c.ll8m from the proposed development (Plate 1, Figure 2).

7. MITIGATION PROPOSALS

Based on the results of archaeological assessment and site inspection, there are no archaeological mitigation recommendations with regard to this development. This recommendation is subject to approval by the Department of the Environment, Heritage & Local Government.

8. BIBLLIOGRAPHY

Cartographic sources Sites & Monuments Record map, Co. Clare, Sheet 25 (1920 edition OS background)

Litera y sources EDWARDS, N., 1990, The Archaeology of Early Medieval Ireland. B.Y. Batsford Ltd, London.

JOYCE, P.W., 1923, Irish Local Names Explained. Roberts Books, Dublin.

O’DONOVAN, J. & CUXRY, E., 1839, The Antiquities of County Clare. Ordnance Survey letters, edited

by Clasp Press 1997.

RECORD OF MONUMENTS & PLACES CO. CLARE, 1996. National Monuments & Historic Properties Service.

www.excavations.ie

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HEADLAND ARCHAEOLOGY LTD. Archaeological impact assessment of a proposed development al Ballybrody,

Ennis, Co. Glare

Appendix 1 Catalogue of Archaeological Sites, Architectural Heritage Sites & Industrial

Archaeological Sites

Archaeological Sites SITE 1 TOWNLAND BARONY COUNTY OS 6” SHEET/PLAN/TRACE NGR IDENTIFICATION

SITE TYPE RMI? NO.

Figure 2 Cappanakilla Inchiquin Glare 025-/lo/5 12950118323

Cashel

CLO25-191 PROXIMITY c.579 DESCRIPTION Known as ‘Cahergurraun’, this cashel is one of the so-called ‘Cappanakilla Forts’ of Co. Clare. This

site is located on a broad high hill in hazel woodland. It is defined by two stone walls. The inner enclosure is oval in plan (internal diameter 43&n E-W x 29.2m N-S, external diameter 54.5m E-W x 44m N-S), and this inner wall is 6.6-8m wide, 0.6-lm high and up to 1.5m high externally. The outer enclosure is sub-circular and is defined by a stqne wall of similar dimensions to the inner one (6-9.5m

wide, 0.6-1.2m high, external height up to 1.5m). A drystone wall truncates the outer enclosure at the S, but does not alter the shape of the latter. A fosse circumvents the site on the W and N sides. No visible entrance was found (Moore 1999, RMP files).

POTENTIAL IMPACT OF DEVELOPMENT There is no predicted impact on this site as it lies c.579m from the proposed development.

h4ITIGATION PROPOSAL No mitigation measure is proposed.

SITE 2 TOWNLAND BARONY COUNTY OS 6” SHEET/PLAN/TRACE NGR IDENTIFICATION SITE TYPE

RMl’ NO. PROXIMITY

DESCRIPTION

Figure 2 Drummina InchiqL-iin Clare 025-/lo/5 12947118352

Enclosure

CLO25-111 c.619m

An enclosure is marked at this location on both the 1842 1st edition and 1920 edition OS maps. Upon inspection in 1999 it was not found, and a rock outcrop c.16-20m in diameter at this location may have been interpreted as an enaosure (Moore 1999, RMJ? file). A curved length of drystone wall, part of a field boundary, was found SE of the supposed location of the enclosure. While this monument is recorded as an enclosure in the SMR, Moore suggests that neither feature are of any antiquity (ibid.).

e POTENTIAL lMl?ACT OF DEVELOPMENT There is no predicted impact on this site as it lies c.619m from the proposed development.

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HEADLAND ARCHAEOLOGY LTD. Archaeological impact assessment of a proposed development at Ballybrody,

Ennis. Co. Glare

No mitigation measure is proposed.

SITE 3 Figure 2

TOWNLAND Ballybrody

BARONY rnchiquin

COTJNTY Glare

OS 6” SHYEET/.l?LAN/‘IRACE 025-/lo/3

NGR 13052118372

IDENTIFICATION SITE TYPE Enclosure

FWP NO. CLO25-121

0 PROXIMITY c.382m

DESCRIPTION An enclosure is marked at this location on both the 1842 1st edition and 1920 edition OS maps. Site

inspection in 1999 revealed that the actual location of the site is a spoil heap in an abandoned quarry (Moore 1999, RMP file).

P&ENTIAL IMPACT OF DEVELOPMENT

There is no predicted impact on this site as it lies c.382m from the proposed development.

MITIGATION PROPOSAL No mitigation measure is proposed.

SITE 4 Figure 2

TOWNLAND Ballybrody

BARONY Inchiquin

COUNTY Clare

OS 6” SHEET/PLAN/TRACE 025-/U/4

NGR 13068/18357

IDENTIFICATION SITE TYPE Earthwork

RMI? NO. CLO25-124

PROXIMITY c.395m

DESCRKPTION

An earthwork is marked at this location on both the 1842 19 edition and 1920 edition OS maps. Site

inspection in 1999 revealed that the site is no longer visible above ground, and was in a field reclaimed as pasture (Moore 1999, RMl? file).

POTENTIAL IMPACT OF DEVELOPMENT There is no predicted impact on this site as it lies c.395m from the proposed development.

MITIGATION PROPOSAL No mitigation measure is proposed.

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i HEADLANb ARCHAEOLOGY LTD. Archaeological impact assessment of a proposed development at Ballybrody,

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Ennis, Co. Clare

SITE 5

TOWNLAND BARONY COUNTY OS 6” SHEET/PLAN/TRACE NGR IDENTLFICATION SITE TYPE

RMP NO. PROXIMITY DESCRIPTION

Figure 2 Ballybrody

Inchiquin Clare 025~/lo/6 13039/18335

Enclosure CLO25-119

c.118m

Located on a hilltop, this site is defined by the remains of a low earthen bank on the N and S (1.8-2.5m wide, O.l-0.2m internal height, 0.7m external height). It is reduced to a scarp on the W (0.6-O.Sm high), where it retains an outer bank (4.3m wide) and the remains of a fosse. The E bank is barely discernable, with a slight scarp (O.lm high) remaining. The dimensions of the monument are 32.2m L N-S and 26m E-W. Moore (1999, RMP file) suggests this is probably a ringfort, similar to those found on drumlins in Leitrim, but is too degraded to be described as anything other than an enclosure.

POTENTIAL IMPACT OF DEVELOPMENT There is no predicted impact on this site as it lies c.118m from the proposed development.

MITIGATION PROPOSAL No mitigation measure is proposed.

SITE 6 TOWN-LAND BARONY COUNTY OS 6” SHEET/PLAN/TRACE

NGR IDENTIFICATION

Figure 2 Ballybrody Inchiqti Clare

025/lo/6 13054/1&301

e SITE TYPE RMP NO.

Enclosure

CLO25-122 PROXIMITY c.408m

DESCRIPTION

An enclosure is marked at this location on both the 1842 1st edition and 1920 edition OS maps. Site inspection in 1999 revealed that the site is no longer visible above ground, and was in a field reclaimed as pasture (Moore 1999, RMP file).

POTENTIAL IMJY’ACT OF DEVELOPMENT There is no predicted impact on this site as it lies c.408m from the proposed development.

MITIGATION PROPOSAL No mitigation measure is proposed.

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SITE 7

GEADGND ARCHAEOLOGY LTD. Archaeological impact assessment of a proposed development at Ballybrody,

Ennis, Co. Clare

Figure 2

TOWNLAND BARONY COUNTY OS 6” SHEET/PLAN/TRACE NGR

1 IDENTIFICATION SITETYPE , RMP NO. PROXIMITY

Ballybrody Inchiquin Clare 025-/lo/6 13054/18301

Enclosure CLO25-201 c.625m

POTENTIAL IMPACT OF DEVELOPMENT There is no predicted impact on this site as it lies c.625m from the proposed development.

0 MITIGATION PROPOSAL No mitigation measure is proposed.

SITE 8 TOWNLAND BARONY COTJNTY

OS 6” SHEET/PLAN/TRACE NGR IDENTIFICATION SITE TYPE RMI’ NO.

PROXIMITY DESCRIPTION

Figure 2 Toonagh Inchiqti

Clare 025~/14/3 13006/18273

Enclosure (X025-198 c.540m

This site is located on a circular platform which slopes slightly SE, and from it the land falls away in every direction. It is defined by the remains of an earthen bank (3.4m wide, internal height 0.8m, external height 1.2m) with the remains of a stone wall. The internal diameter of the site is 34m NE- SW, with an external diameter of 38.7m NE-SW. A 13m length of a fosse survives at the NW between tow field boundaries (llm wide, 0.8m deep externally, 2.4m deep ktemally and 3.8m wide along the flat base). No discerbanle entrance or internal features were visible (Moore 1999, RMP file).

POTENTIAL IMPACT OF DEVELOPMENT There is no predicted impact on this site as it lies c.54Om from the proposed development.

MITIGATION PROPOSAL No mitigation measure is proposed.

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HEADLAND ARCHAEOLOGY LTD. Archaeological impact assessment of a proposed development at Ballybrody,

Ennis, Co. Clare

Appendix 2 Summary Impact Table of Sites Within Study Area

* These recommendations are subject to approval by the Department of the Environment, Heritage & Local Government.

.-- _---.-_-..~.-.~ ~-_ SITE NO. RMP No. TotiNLAND

Archaeological

Sites

1 CLO25-191 Cappanakilla

2 CLO25-111 Drummina

3 CLO25-121 Ballybrody

4 CLO25-124 Ballybrody .- -~..- - .-..- --.. .-~ .~~~-~~~~~

5 CLO25-119 Ballybrody

6 CLO25-122 Ballybrody

7 CLO25-201 Ballybrody

8 CLO25-198 Toonagh

.-..

_______ _______. --.--___~ -~ ..--- ._ --.-..-~-_-__-_---.- ._.. - .--._I-__-_..~ . -- NGR SITE TYPE PROXIMITY TO

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IMPACT OF PROPOSED

I

*MITIGATION PROPOSAL

PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT DEVELOPMENT

13006/18273 &osure c.540m None predicted __--_ -.-- --.--~~ pane proposed

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