An Application To Ofcom For The FM Independent Local Radio Licence For Swansea By SAfm' by Grant Goddard

8/3/2019 'An Application To Ofcom For The FM Independent Local Radio Licence For Swansea By SAfm' by Grant Goddard

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Mj muuc`nmt`fj tf Finfkifr mj IK @jdgugjdgjt

Rmd`f C`ngjng

MJgx^fwjdIfr

^xmj~gm

^xmj~gm Cfnmc Rmd`f Ctd=M Pfra ^trggt^xmj~gm^M= >C_

^xxxmmmjjj~~~gggmmm

>=~t Owcp 2557


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Hgjgrmc @jifrkmt`fj

Dg~nrùt`fj fi Muuc`nmjt

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Mddrg~~?

Tgcgulfjg?

G+km`c?

Nfkumjp Rgh`~trmt`fj Jwkbgr?

^xmj~gm Cfnmc Rmd`f Ctd

=M Pfra ^trggt^xmj~gm^M= >C_

5882= 57C_

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,g) Km`j Nfjtmnt ,Ifr Finfk Uwruf~g~)Ucgm~g rgigr tf Muugjd`| = ,Nfji`dgjt`mc*

MMM JJJGGGXXX ^FFFWWWJJJDDD IIIFFFRRR ^XXXMMMJJJ^GGGMMM UUUmmmhhhggg 555===


3/51

^GNT@FJ =57,M?MB@C@TP TF KM@JTM@JURFUF^GD ^GRY@NG

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Tlg ~`zg fi tlg Bfmrd `~ dgc`bgrmtgcp dg~`hjgd tf bg nfkumnt `j jwkbgr# bwt jgygrtlgcg~~ bg

rgurg~gjtmt`yg fi tlg kmjp cfnmc ~lmrglfcdgr~ xlf mrg ~wuufrt`jh tl`~ muuc`nmt`fj*

Dgtm`c~ fi tlg bfmrd fi d`rgntfr~ mrg fj tlg ifccfx`jh umhg~* Tlgrg mrg jf i`rk ucmj~ tf muuf`jtiwrtlgr d`rgntfr~ mitgr mxmrd fi tlg c`ngj~g*

Lfxmrd Kfrhmj,Jfj+G|gnwt`yg Nlm`rkmj

=* Fxjgr~lù mjd nfjtrfc fi nfkumjp

xl`nl x`cc fugrmtg tlg c`ngjng

m Bfmrd fi D`rgntfr~

Nfkumjp D`rgntfr

Rfbgrt Kfrhmj ) fj~ Ctd1 ^xmj~gm Ufrngcm`j Ctd

Jfjg

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Lg rwj~ l`~ fxj imk`cp imrk`jh bw~`jg~~# cfnmtgd fj Hfxgr# mjd `~ tlg

iìtl hgjgrmt`fj fi l`~ imk`cp tf nfjt`jwg tl`~ mnt`y`tp* Lfxmrd lm~# `j rgngjtpgmr~# w~gd l`~ bw~`jg~~ g|ugr`gjng tf d`ygr~ìp tlg nfkumjp irfk~tmjdmrd ~tfna rgmr`jh `jtf mrgm~ m~ d`ygr~g m~ urfugrtp rgjfymt`fj~&rgjtmctlrfwhl tf xffdcmjd ucmjtmt`fj~* Tlg~g dgygcfukgjt~ lmyg brfwhlti`jmjn`mc ~wnng~~ tlrfwhl m x`dg ~urgmd fi bw~`jg~~ r`~a kmjmhgkgjt*

Lfxmrd xm~ m kgkbgr fi tlg @BM Xgc~l Mdy`~frp Nfkk`ttgg ifr tgjpgmr~ ur`fr tf=005* Bgifrg tl`~ lg xm~ m kgkbgr fi tlg ^xmj~gm ^fwjdMdy`~frp Umjgc*

Lfxmrd br`jh~ rmd`f g|ugr`gjng# cfnmc ajfxcgdhg mjd kf~t `kufrtmjtcpkmjp pgmr~ bw~`jg~~ g|ugr gjng `j tlg mrgm** L`~ g|ugr`gjng fi nlm`r`jh m

x`dg rmjhg fi bftl ur`ymtg mjd uwbc`n frhmj`~mt`fj~ kmag~ l`k tlg `dgmcNlm`rkmj mjd lg cffa~ ifrxmrd tf iwccp dgygcfu`jh tl`~ jgx g|n`t`jhbw~`jg~~*

Fnnwumt`fj?

FtlgrD`rgntfr~lù~?

Ftlgr Kgd`m@jtgrg~t~?

Bmnahrfwjd mjdrgcgymjt kgd`mg|ugr`gjng?

MMM JJJGGGXXX ^FFFWWWJJJDDD IIIFFFRRR ^XXXMMMJJJ^GGGMMM UUUmmmhhhggg 555222


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^GNT@FJ =57,M?MB@C@TP TF KM@JTM@JURFUF^GD GRY@NG

MMM JJJGGGXXX ^FFFWWWJJJDDD IIIFFFRRR ^XXXMMMJJJ^GGGMMM UUUmmmhhhggg 555>>>

=* Fxjgr~l`u mjd nfjtrfc fi nfkumjpxl`nl x`cc fugrmtg tlg c`ngjng


J`hgc Rggyg,Jfj+G|gnwt`yg D`rgntfr

Fnnwumt`fj? Nfkumjp D`rgntfr

FtlgrD`rgntfr~l`u~?

Cm~gr Brfmdnm~t`jh Ctd@u~x`nl Cfnmc Rmd`f Ctd

Bmjbwrp Cfnmc Rmd`f CtdF|ifrd Cfnmc Rmd`f CtdNlfrcgp Cfnmc Rmd`f Ctd^lrgx~bwrp Cfnmc Rmd`f CtdG|gtgr Cfnmc Rmd`f CtdTfrbmp Cfnmc Rmd`f CtdLgrgifrd Cfnmc Rmd`f CtdXmrx`na Cfnmc Rmd`f CtdLwkbgr~`dg Cfnmc Rmd`f Ctd

J`hgc `~ Nl`gi G|gnwt`yg mjd m ~lmrglfcdgr fi Cm~gr Brfmdnm~t`jh Ctd# mnfkumjp ~ugn`mc`~`jh `j lgcu`jh cfnmc hrfwu~ nrgmtg cfnmc rmd`f ~tmt`fj~

tlmt mrg i`jmjn`mccp ~fwjd x`tl ~trfjh cfnmc urfhrmkk`jh* Cm~gr `~ nwrrgjtcp`jyfcygd x`tl =4 hrfwu~ mrfwjd tlg WA* Cm~gr Brfmdnm~t`jh Ctd lm~ m 45'lfcd`jh `j ^xmj~gm Cfnmc Rmd`f Ctd*


Bmnahrfwjd mjdrgcgymjt kgd`mg| gr gjng?

J`hgc Rggyg lm~ xfragd `j kgd`m ifr fygr >7 pgmr~ i`r~tcp `j jgx~umugr~mjd tlgj nfkkgrn`mc rmd`f* Lg `~ mc~f mj g|ugr`gjngd kgd`m ~mcg~ trm`jgr*@j =0


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MMM JJJGGGXXX ^FFFWWWJJJDDD IIIFFFRRR ^XXXMMMJJJ^GGGMMM UUUmmmhhggg 555444



Dwr`jh tl`~ ~mkg ugr`fd J`hgc xm~ Nlm`rkmj fi tlg Nfkkgrn`mc Rmd`fMdygrt`~`jh Mxmrd~# xlgrg lg nlmku`fjgd tlg `kurfygkgjt `j ~tmjdmrd~fi rmd`f nfkkgrn`mc~* Lg xm~ mc~f m kgkbgr fi tlg `jdw~trp~ Kmragt`jhNfkk`ttgg*

@j =00= J`hgc of`jgd tlg cmwjnl tgmk fi Ncm~~`n IK# tlg WA~ i`r~t jmt`fjmcnfkkgrn`mc rmd`f ~tmt`fj# x`tl rg~ufj~`b`c`tp ifr mcc ~mcg~ mjd kmragt`jh tf

bftl nfj~wkgr~ mjd mdygrt`~gr~* Tl`~ nf`jn`dgd x`tl J`hgc bg`jh fjg fitlg cmwjnl d`rgntfr~ fi tlg icgdhc`jh RMB*

@j =009 Cfjdfj Jgx~ Rmd`f lgmdlwjtgd J`hgc m~ Nl`gi G|gnwt`yg* Lgtrmj~ifrkgd tlg cf~~ tf brgmagygj bp =000 x`tl m urfogntgd 2 k`cc`fjurfi`t ifr tlg pgmr 2555*

Mt tlg gjd fi =000 J`hgc g~tmbc`~lgd Iw~`fj Rmd`f Lfcd`jh~# uwrnlm~`jhtxf ~tmt`fj~ `j Cfjdfj mjd fjg `j F|ifrd* @j ^gutgkbgr 255= J`hgckgrhgd Iw~`fj x`tl K`cg~tfjg Rmd`f* Tl`~ hmyg tlg jgx nfkumjp mnfjtrfcc`jh `jtgrg~t `j ~tmt`fj~ `j Jgxbwrp# Rwhbp mjd Bm~`jh~tfag mjd mkmofr lfcd`jh `j N`tp IK# tlg jgx Rgmd`jh ~tmt`fj* Lmy`jh ~wnng~~iwccp

kgrhgd tlg nfkumjp J`hgc ifrkgd Cm~gr Brfmdnm~t`jh Ctd `j 2552# xl`nl`~ jfx `jyfcygd x`tl =4 cfnmc rmd`f hrfwu~ mnrf~~ tlg WA* Cm~grBrfmdnm~t`jh lm~ m 48' lfcd`jh `j tlg nfkumjp*

J`hgc br`jh~ fygr >5 pgmr~ rmd`f ajfxcgdhg tf ^CR*

Uf~t mxmrd J`hgc# m~ umrt fi tlg Cm~gr Brfmdnm~t`jh tgmk# x`ccnfjt`jwg tf xfrax`tl ^CR `j m kmjmhgkgjt nmumn`tp* X`tl`j tlgCm~gr kmjmhgkgjt mhrggkgjt# Cm~gr x`cc ~wuucp m k`j`kwk fi fjgdmp ugr xgga fi d`rgntfr t`kg*


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^w~`g Lmcc,Jfj+G|gnwt`yg D`rgntfr

Fnnwumt`fj?

Ftlgr

D`rgntfr~l`u~?



I`jmjn`mc D`rgntfr

Cm~gr Brfmdnm~t`jh Ctd

@u~x`nl Cfnmc Rmd`f CtdBmjbwrp Cfnmc Rmd`f CtdF|ifrd Cfnmc Rmd`f CtdNlfrcgp Cfnmc Rmd`f Ctd^lrgx~bwrp Cfnmc Rmd`f CtdG|gtgr Cfnmc Rmd`f CtdTfrbmp Cfnmc Rmd`f CtdLgrgifrd Cfnmc Rmd`f CtdXmrx`na Cfnmc Rmd`f CtdLwkbgr~`dg Cfnmc Rmd`f Ctd

Jfjg

^w~`g Lmcc ~tmrtgd lgr nmrggr mt Bfwrjg Uwbc`n`tp Ctd xlgrg ~lg xfragd ifr=9 pgmr~ urfhrg~~`jh tf tlg rfcg fi I`jmjng Kmjmhgr bgifrg bg`jh lgmdlwjtgd tf of`j mj Mkgr`nmj fxjgd kwct` jmt`fjmc @T nfkumjp rg~ufj~`bcgifr rgufrt`jh tlg i`jmjn`mc ~tmtgkgjt~ ifr tlg WA fugrmt`fj `jtf tlg W^Lgmd Fii`ng* ^w~`g lm~ fygr 25 pgmr~ g|ugr`gjng `j Kgd`m mjd Kmragt`jhmnnfwjtmjnp*

^w~`g~ rmd`f g|ugr`gjng ~tmrtgd `j Dgngkbgr 255= xlgj ~lg of`jgd

Iw~`fj Rmd`f Lfcd`jh~ Ctd m~ Hrfwu I`jmjn`mc Nfjtrfccgr xfra`jh fj tlgicfmtmt`fj fi tlg nfkumjp fj tlg M@K kmragt `j Owjg 255>* @j Omjwmrp2554 ~lg of`jgd Cm~gr Brfmdnm~t`jh Ctd m~ I`jmjng D`rgntfr fygr~gg`jh mccm~ugnt~ fi tlg nfkumjp bw~`jg~~ m~ xgcc m~ kmjmh`jh tlg mnnfwjt~ fi tlg=4 muuc`nmjt hrfwu~ Cm~gr `~ xfra`jh x`tl* ^w~`g lm~ bggj rg~ufj~`bcg ifrurfdwn`jh mcc ^CR i`jmjn`mc urfognt`fj~*

Uf~t Mxmrd ^w~`g x`cc bg rg~ufj~`bcg ifr urfdwn`jh mcc m~ugnt~ fi tlgnfkumjp~ i`jmjn`mc rgufrt`jh*


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Hmrp Ur`ng,Jfj+G|gnwt`yg D`rgntfr

Fnnwumt`fj?

FtlgrD`rgntfr~lù~?





Kgd`m Nfj~wctmjt

Jfjg

^fcg fxjgr fi B`h Rmd`f Urfdwnt`fj~

Mitgr m ~ugcc m~ m Iwrtlgr Gdwnmt`fj cgntwrgr# Hmrrp xm~ tlg Xgc~l D`rgntfrfi ^lgctgr ,=085 =08># ifccfxgd bp m ~ugcc m~ Nmkum`hj D`rgntfr ifr tlgNfwjn`c ifr tlg Urftgnt`fj fi Rwrmc Xmcg~ ,=08> =084* Xl`c~t xfra`jhm~ m ^fn`mc Xfragr ifr Hcmkfrhmj Nfwjtp Nfwjn`c# lg bgnmkg `jyfcygdx`tl NBN ,@CR ~tmt`fj `j Nmrdìi xfra`jh tf g~tmbc`~l tlg Mnt`fj Dg~aimn`c`tp* Tl`~ cgd tf Hmrp bg`jh gkucfpgd iwcc+t`kg m~ Nfkkwj`tp Mdy`~gr

ifr tlg ~tmt`fj* Lg xfragd m~ m urg~gjtgr mnrf~~ kf~t m`r+~lìt~ mjd xm~tlg fjcp dmp+t`kg urg~gjtgr tf nfjt`jwg x`tl tlg ~tmt`fj xlgj `t xm~ rg+cmwjnlgd m~ Rgd Drmhfj Rmd`f*

@j =0


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B`jdm ^`jhl,G|gnwt`yg D`rgntfr

Fnnwumt`fj?

FtlgrD`rgntfr~l`u~?

Ftlgr Kgd`m

@jtgrg~t~?




Cgntwrgr mjd xr`tgr

Jfjg

Jfjg

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Mitgr hrmdwmt`jh `j =0


9/51




10/51



b Urfuf~gd @jyg~tfr~ mjd^lmrglfcd`jh ^trwntwrg

,`) Jmkg~ mjd mddrg~~g~ ,tlg cmttgr kmp bg ~wbk`ttgd `j nfji`dgjng) fi mcc g|`~t`jh fr urfuf~gd~lmrglfcdgr~*

^lmrglfcdgr Mddrg~~

Cm~gr Brfmdnm~t`jh Ctd Nrfxtlgr Rfmd# Xm~l`jhtfj# Tpjg ) Xgmr# JG>< 5BX

Oflj Gymj~ =79 ^t Lgcgj(~ Rfmd# ^xmj~gm# ^M= 4DH

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Umwc Gymj~ Im`r~tfjg Nfttmhg# A`ccmj Rfmd# Dwjymjt# ^xmj~gm# ^M> 8TD

^mmd Omofw 8 Mc`ng ^trggt# ^xmj~gm# ^M7 ^\

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Lfxmrd Kfrhmj ^wjjp~`dg Imrk# Tlrgg Nrf~~g~# ^xmj~gm# ^M4 >UW

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Jmzmr ^lm~lm = Tlg Brpj# ^agttp# ^xmj~gm# ^M2


11/51


MMM JJJGGGXXX ^FFFWWWJJJDDD IIIFFFRRR ^XXXMMMJJJ^GGGMMM UUUmmmhhggg ===555

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^lmrglfcdgr~ Tftmc lmrg~ Ugrngjtmhg @~~wg Ur`ng @jyg~tkgjt

Cm~gr Brfmdnm~t`jh Ctd =5>455 48*55' 2*>0 248*>=>

Oflj Gymj~ >==98 =4*=8' >*=4 =7=#495

Hmrp Nf~hrfyg 7>02 2*47' >*=4 =>#

Rfjmcd Kmrjf 7>02 2*47' >*=4 =>#

J`hgc Cfygr`jh 7>02 2*47' >*=4 =>#Hmrgtl Tlfkm~ 7>02 2*47' >*=4 =>#

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B`jdm `jhl 2==92 0*92' >*=4 0#42=

Lfxmrd Kfrhmj 4>=4 =*09' >*=4 ==#5

Hmrp Ur`ng => 5*' >*=4 4#8=5

Tftmc 225555 =55*55' 9=>#=4=M~ m Bfmrd kgkbgr# Oflj Gymj~ rgurg~gjt~ jft fjcp l`~ fxj `jtgrg~t~ bwt mc~f tlg `jtgrg~t~fi tlg j`jg ~kmccgr ~lmrglfcdgr~ `jdgjtgd bgjgmtl l`~ jmkg* Tl`~ nfkb`jgd nfj~frt`wk lfcd~47*00' fi `~~wgd ~lmrg~*

,`y) Fwtc`jg mjp ~lmrglfcdgr~ mhrggkgjt~ fr mrrmjhgkgjt~ xl`nl g|`~t*

M ~lmrglfcdgr~ mhrggkgjt `~ `j ucmng xl`nl gj~wrg~ tlmt# mt ~fkg iwtwrg t`kg# m ~lmrglfcdgr

xlf dgn`dg~ tf d`yg~t tlgk~gcyg~ fi tlg`r lfcd`jh kw~t fiigr l`~&lgr ~lmrg~ tf tlg ftlgr~lmrglfcdgr~* Tl`~ mhrggkgjt nmj bg ~wuuc`gd fj rg}wg~t*

b Urfuf~gd @jyg~tfr~ mjd

^lmrglfcd`jh ^trwntwrg




12/51



n @jyfcygkgjt fi tlg Muuc`nmjt`j ûgnì`gd Mnt`y`t`g~

,y) Xlgrg m nfrufrmtg bfdp ftlgr tlmj m nwrrgjt Finfk c`ngj~gg x`cc bg urfy`d`jh >5' fr kfrg fi tlgrg}w`rgd iwjd`jh# dgtm`c~ ~lfwcd bg h`ygj fi `t~ d`rgntfr~ mjd km`j ~lmrglfcdgr~# mjd fi `t~ mnt`y`t`g~*

Cm~gr Brfmdnm~t`jh Ctd `~ tlg fjcp nfrufrmtg ~lmrglfcdgr x`tl m lfcd`jh fi fygr >5'*

Cm~gr Brfmdnm~t`jh Ctd xm~ g~tmbc`~lgd `j 2552 tf b`d ifr cfnmc IK Rmd`f ^tmt`fj c`ngjng~ mjdmn}w`rg k`jfr`tp lfcd`jh~ `j g|`~t`jh nfkkgrn`mc rmd`f ~tmt`fj~* Finfk `~ mxmrg fi Cm~gr Brfmdnm~t`jhmjd `t~ mnt`y`t`g~ mjd ^xmj~gm Cfnmc Rmd`f xfwcd bg ucgm~gd tf urfy`dg kfrg `jifrkmt`fj wufjrg}wg~t*

@t~ kmofr ~lmrglfcdgr~ mrg?C`~t fi Cm~gr Brfmdnm~t`jh C`k`tgd D`rgntfr~ mjd Km`j ^lmrglfcdgr~

Iwcc Jmkg Mddrg~~ Jf fi ~lmrg~ D`rgntfr ^lmrglfcdgrNmu`tmc Jfrtl Gm~t Jf = > Gmrc~ Nfwrt ==5#=80 PG^ PG^Ctd Umrtjgr~lù 7tl Mygjwg Bw~`jg~~ Umra

Tgmk YmccgpHmtg~lgmd# JG== 5LI

Lwhl Kfrhmj X`cc`mk~ Nfxg~bp Hrmjhg 9#555 PG^ PG^Nfxg~bpTl`r~aJfrtl Pfra~l`rg PF8 2OC

J`hgc Rggyg ^x`djgp Cfdhg 5 Lmxtlfrj ^trggt =0#>95 PG^ PG^XmcbfttcgJgxnm~tcg wufj Tpjg JG=7


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2* I`jmjn`mc mjd Bw~`jg~~ Ucmj m Fygrmcc I`jmjn`mc ^trmtghp

Dgtm`c~ mrg rg}w`rgd fi tlg `jyfcygkgjt bp tlg muuc`nmjt mjd `t~ umrt`n`umjt~ ,`jncwd`jh ~lmrglfcdgr~ frftlgr ~wb~nr`bgr~ fi kfrg tlmj 7' fi tlg muuc`nmjt(~ tftmc iwjd`jh rg}w`rgkgjt~) `j mjp fi tlgmnt`y`t`g~ c`~tgd bgcfx# mjd tlg g|tgjt fi tlg `jtgrg~t* Ifr tlg~g uwruf~g~# tlg muuc`nmjt `jncwdg~m~~fn`mtg~ fi tlg muuc`nmjt ,`*g* d`rgntfr~ mjd tlg`r m~~fn`mtg~ mjd ftlgr hrfwu nfkumj`g~)*

,m Mdygrt`~`jh mhgjn`g~1 Jft muuc`nmbcg

,b Jgx~umugr~1 Jft muuc`nmbcg

,n Ftlgr brfmdnm~t`jh `jtgrg~t~1 Cm~gr Brfmdnm~t`jh Ctd xm~ g~tmbc`~lgd `j2552 tf b`d ifr cfnmc IK Rmd`f ^tmt`fjc`ngjng~ mjd mn}w`rg k`jfr`tp lfcd`jh~ `jg|`~t`jh nfkkgrn`mc rmd`f ~tmt`fj~*@t `~ `jyfcygd x`tl =4 muuc`nmjt hrfwu~ mrfwjdtlg WA* @t `~ mc~f nwrrgjtcp uwrnlm~`jh m 27'~tmag `j Irg~l Rmd`f Ctd# tlg Pfra~l`rg bm~gdnfkkgrn`mc rmd`f ~tmt`fj*

,d Bfd`g~ xlf~g fbognt~ mrg xlfccp frkm`jcp fi m rgc`h`fw~ jmtwrg1

Jft muuc`nmbcg

,g Bfd`g~ xlf~g fbognt~ mrg xlfccp frkm`jcp fi m ufc`t`nmc jmtwrg1

Jft muuc`nmbcg

,i Cfnmc mwtlfr`t`g~1 Jft muuc`nmbcg

,h Ftlgr uwbc`ncp+iwjdgd bfd`g~ Jft muuc`nmbcg

/ Muuc`nmjt~ ~lfwcd jftg tlmt tl`~ `jifrkmt`fj `~ rg}w`rgd ifr tlg uwruf~g~ fi nlgna`jh nfkuc`mjng

x`tl tlg fxjgr~l`u rwcg~# mjd `~ jft rgcgymjt tf mj muuc`nmjt(~ mb`c`tp tf km`jtm`j `t~ urfuf~gd ~gry`ng*@i jfjg fi tlg nmtghfr`g~ mbfyg muucp tf tlg muuc`nmt`fj tl`~ ~lfwcd bg ncgmrcp ~tmtgd*

MMM JJJGGGXXX ^FFFWWWJJJDDD IIIFFFRRR ^XXXMMMJJJ^GGGMMM UUUmmmhhhggg ===222


14/51


MMM JJJGGGXXX ^FFFWWWJJJDDD IIIFFFRRR ^XXXMMMJJJ^GGGMMM UUUmmmhhhggg ===>>>

Urfy`dg m nfjn`~g ~wkkmrp fi lfx tlg muuc`nmjt nfj~`dgr~ `t `~ mbcg tf g~tmbc`~l mjd km`jtm`j#tlrfwhlfwt tlg c`ngjng ugr`fd# `t~ urfuf~gd ~gry`ng# mjd lfx tl`~ c`ngjng i`t~ `j x`tl tlg `jyg~tfr~(~trmtghp*

I`jmjn`mc trmtghp^xmj~gm Cfnmc Rmd`f Ctd xm~ ifrkgd `j 2554 bp Cm~gr Brfmdnm~t`jh Ctd# br`jh`jh tfhgtlgr m tgmk firmd`f urmnt`t`fjgr~# cfnmc kgd`m gjtrgurgjgwr~ mjd g|ugr`gjngd rmd`f kmjmhgr~ tf nrgmtg m jgx rmd`f~tmt`fj ifr tlg N`tp* Txf tr`mc brfmdnm~t~ xgrg frhmj`~gd tf tg~t m ymr`gtp fi uf~~`bcg ifrkmt~ ifr tlgjgx ~tmt`fj# gmnl ifccfxgd bp m nfkurglgj~`yg urfhrmkkg fi kmragt rg~gmrnl Q~gg mj~xgr tf]wg~t`fj 9[* Tlg rg~wct `~ m ucmj ifr m jgx rmd`f ~tmt`fj tlmt `~ ~wuufrtgd jft fjcp bp tlg Bfmrd mjd~lmrglfcdgr~# bwt xl`nl lm~ mc~f bggj gjtlw~`m~t`nmccp gjdfr~gd bp tlg ugfucg fi ^xmj~gmtlgk~gcyg~* Tlg Bfmrd lm~ brfwhlt tfhgtlgr `t~ fxj ajfxcgdhg mjd g|ugr`gjng fi tlg cfnmc kmragt#fi tlg rmd`f `jdw~trp mjd fi tlg urgigrgjng~ fi cfnmc ugfucg tf urfdwng m nfkurglgj~`yg bw~`jg~~ucmj* @t~ ~trmtghp nmj bg ~wkkmr`~gd `j tlg~g mrgm~?

=* Tlg Brfmdnm~t Mrgm2* M Hmu `j tlg Kmragt>* ^tmb`c`tp4* Iwjd`jh7* I`jmjn`mc Ucmjj`jh

9* @jyg~tfr ^trmtghp

=* Tlg Brfmdnm~t MrgmTlg urfuf~gd rmd`f ~tmt`fj x`cc nfygr m ufuwcmt`fj fi >255 mdwct~ ,=7! x`tl`j ^xmj~gm mjd umrt fitlg ~wrrfwjd`jh nfwjtp* Tlg ~tmt`fj~ brfmdnm~t ~`hjmc x`cc rgmnl Tlg Kwkbcg~ tf tlg ~fwtlxg~t#Ccmjgcc` tf tlg jfrtlxg~t# Jgmtl tf tlg jfrtlgm~t mjd Ufrt Tmcbft tf tlg ~fwtlgm~t Q~gg mj~xgr tf]wg~t`fj >[*

Gd`tfr`mccp# tlg ~tmt`fj x`cc nfjngjtrmtg fj ^xmj~gm# bwt x`cc mc~f lmyg muugmc ifr tlf~g `j tlgl`jtgrcmjd xlf nfkkwtg tf tlg n`tp mjd&fr y`~`t `t~ ~lfuu`jh imn`c`t`g~*

2* M Hmu `j tlg KmragtTlg ~tmt`fj urfuf~mc `~ bm~gd wufj gku`r`nmc gy`dgjng tlmt m hmu g|`~t~ `j tlg kmragt ifr mjgkulmt`nmccp cfnmc ~tmt`fj x`tl mj gd`tfr`mc ifnw~ fj ^xmj~gm fiigr`jh urfhrmkk`jh x`tl m x`dgmuugmc tf >7+94 pgmr fcd~* ^M+IK x`cc nfkucgkgjt tlg txf g|`~t`jh ^xmj~gm cfnmc ~tmt`fj~ bgnmw~g#m~ `t~ RMOMR mjmcp~`~ ~lfx~# tlg l`hlg~t urfufrt`fj fi lfwr~ c`~tgjgd tf Tlg Xmyg dgr`yg irfk =7+24 pgmr fcd~ ,>2'# xl`cg tlg l`hlg~t urfufrt`fj fi lfwr~ c`~tgjgd tf ^xmj~gm ^fwjd dgr`yg irfk 97!pgmr fcd~ ,28'* ^M+IK x`cc ~gryg tlg k`ddcg hrfwjd bgtxggj tlg txf g|trgkg~ fi tlg mdwctufuwcmt`fj# tma`jh c`~tgjgr~ irfk BBN rmd`f ~gry`ng~ tlmt nwrrgjtcp ~gryg tlgk*

m Fygrmcc I`jmjn`mc ^trmtghp2* I`jmjn`mc mjd Bw~`jg~~ Ucmj


15/51


m Fygrmcc I`jmjn`mc ^trmtghp2* I`jmjn`mc mjd Bw~`jg~~ Ucmj

>* ^tmb`c`tp

Tlg Bfmrd `~ ~trwntwrgd `j m xmp tlmt kmag~ `t nfkumnt `j ~`zg bwt mbcg tf mnnfkkfdmtg tlg `jtgrg~t~fi tlg jwkbgr fi cfnmc ~lmrglfcdgr~ tlmt lmyg bgnfkg `jyfcygd x`tl tlg urfuf~mc ifr m jgx rmd`f~tmt`fj* Bfmrd kgkbgr Oflj Gymj~ rgurg~gjt~ tlg `jtgrg~t~ fi tlg kmofr`tp fi cfnmc ~lmrglfcdgr~xl`nl# xlgj nfkb`jgd x`tl l`~ fxj lfcd`jh# mnnfwjt~ ifr >


16/51


2* I`jmjn`mc mjd Bw~`jg~~ Ucmj m Fygrmcc I`jmjn`mc ^trmtghp

Tlg ^xmj~gm Cfnmc Rmd`f Ctd ifrgnm~t~ bm~g tlg`r urfognt`fj~ fj?

@jdw~trp mygrmhg mjjwmc rgygjwg fi >= ugr =555 lfwr~ c`~tgjgd d`~nfwjtgd bp =2' `j pgmr fjg#5+~gnfjd nfkkgrn`mc nf~t`jh 0*


17/51


2* I`jmjn`mc mjd Bw~`jg~~ Ucmj b Iwjd`jh

Dgtm`c tlg ~fwrng~ fi i`jmjng tlmt x`cc bg w~gd tf iwjd tlg c`ngjng# wjdgr tlg ifccfx`jh lgmd`jh~?

,`) ^lmrg nmu`tmc

Uf~t mxmrd 225#55 ~lmrg~ x`cc lmyg bggj `~~wgd `j tlg nfkumjp rm`~`jh m tftmc fi 9=>#555*

,``) Cfmj ~tfna

^xmj~gm Cfnmc Rmd`f Ctd lm~ jf ucmj~ tf `~~wg mjp cfmj ~tfna*

,```) Cgm~`jh&LU imn`c`t`g~ ,nmu`tmc ymcwg)

Ifwr nfkumjp ygl`ncg~ x`tl m nmu`tmc ymcwg fi 7=#555 x`cc bg cgm~gd*

,`y) Bmja fygrdrmit

^xmj~gm Cfnmc Rmd`f Ctd dfg~ jft mjt`n`umtg tlg jggd ifr mj fygrdrmit# lfxgygr tlg nfkumjp~bmjagr~# Ccfpd~ T^B lmyg `jd`nmtgd m imn`c`tp xfwcd bg mym`cmbcg*

,y) Hrmjt~ mjd dfjmt`fj~

Jfjg

,y`) Ftlgr ,ucgm~g ~ugn`ip)

Xlgrg rgcgymjt# urfy`dg jifrkmt`fj fj?

,`) Cfmj tgrk~ ,g*h* `jtgrg~t rmtg# rgumpkgjt tgrk~# rgdgkut`fj&nfjygr~`fj tgrk~)1

J&M

,``) M~~gt~ cgm~gd*

^xmj~gm Cfnmc Rmd`f Ctd x`cc bg cgm~`jh ifwr nfkumjp ygl`ncg~ fygr m tlrgg+pgmr ugr`fd* M xr`ttgj}wftg `~ mym`cmbcg wufj rg}wg~t*



18/51


2* I`jmjn`mc mjd Bw~`jg~~ Ucmj n I`jmjn`mc Urfognt`fj~

Tlg uwruf~g fi tl`~ }wg~t`fj `~ tf mccfx tlg muuc`nmjt tf dgkfj~trmtg `t~ wjdgr~tmjd`jh fi tlg kmragt*Tlg ifrgnm~t~ ~lfwcd bg bm~gd fj rgm~fjmbcg m~~wkut`fj~# xl`nl mrg cfh`nmccp muuc`gd mjdow~t`i`mbcg* Tlg muuc`nmjt ~lfwcd urfy`dg i`jmjn`mc urfognt`fj~ fj mj mjjwmc bm~`~ ifr tlg c ngjng*

Wjdgr~tmjd`jh fi tlg Kmragt

^xmj~gm Cfnmc Rmd`f lm~ nfj~`dgrgd tlg ifccfx`jh imnt~ xlgj ifrkwcmt`jh `t~ urfhrmkk`jh ucmj~mjd bw~`jg~~ urfognt`fj~?

=* Tlg Ufuwcmt`fj

Tlg ~tmt`fj~ brfmdnm~t mrgm x`cc nfygr m ufuwcmt`fj fi >255 mdwct~ ,=7!# fi xl`nl 72' `~ igkmcgmjd 485* Mhm`j# tlg cfx lfw~`jh nf~t~ urfy`dgnfj~wkgr~ x`tl m l`hl d`~uf~mbcg `jnfkg tlmt `~ fi ymcwg tf mdygrt`~gr~*

4=' fi lfw~glfcd~ nfkur`~g kmrr`gd fr nflmb`tmt`jh nfwucg~# xl`cg >=' mrg fjg+ugr~fjlfw~glfcd~*

2=' fi tlg ufuwcmt`fj lmyg ~a`cc~ `j tlg Xgc~l cmjhwmhg# nfkumrgd tf mj mygrmhg fi 2


19/51


2* I`jmjn`mc mjd Bw~`jg~~ Ucmj n I`jmjn`mc Urfognt`fj~ ,nfjt

>* Tlg Cfnmc Gnfjfkp

Tlg n`tp mjd nfwjn`c fi ^xmj~gm nfygr~ mj mrgm fi >8#


20/51



Tlg ^xmj~gm ^trmtgh`n Xmtgrirfjt `~ mt tlg nfrg fi tl`~ nfjngut xlf~g m`k `~ tf `jtghrmtg xmtgrirfjtdgygcfukgjt fuufrtwj`t`g~ x`tl tlg mdomngjt n`tp ngjtrg tf nrgmtg m ~`jhcg# wj`i`gd ~gntfr fi tlg n`tp#tlw~ nrgmt`jh m ur`kmrp `jyg~tkgjt cfnmt`fj mjd y`~`tfr dg~t`jmt`fj* Ufrt Tmxg `~ umrt`nwcmrcp`kufrtmjt# m~ `t `~ tlg ~`tg fi tlg ajfxcgdhg+bm~gdgkucfpkgjt ~gntfr Tgnlj`wk = mjd 2 mjd `tx`cc c`ja tlg gm~t ~`dg fi tlg N`tp x`tl tlg ngjtrg*

^wnl `jyg~tkgjt `j tlg mrgm lm~ ~ggj `t bgnfkg kfrg mttrmnt`yg tf bftl bw~`jg~~ mjd tfwr`~t~ mjdlm~ rg~wctgd `j m ~lmru rgdwnt`fj `j ugfucg ncm`k`jh xfra+rgcmtgd bgjgi`t~* @j ^gutgkbgr 2554# =2*4ugr ngjt fi ncm`kmjt~ lmd bggj ncm`k`jh ifr kfrg tlmj =2 kfjtl~# m~ nfkumrgd tf 22 ugr ngjt `j

^gutgkbgr =000* ^`k`cmrcp# fygr tlg ~mkg ugr`fd# tlg jwkbgr fi pfwjh ugfucg mhgd =< tf 24 pgmr~ncm`k`jh xfra+rgcmtgd bgjgi`t~ igcc bp >>*> ugr ngjt# m~ nfkumrgd tf m Br`t`~l mygrmhg fi >5*8 ugrngjt*

Tfwr`~k# kgmjxl`cg# `~ tlr`y`jh# x`tl kfrg tlmj > k`cc`fj y`~`tfr~ tf tlg mrgm `j 255= nfjtr`bwt`jh kfrgtlmj =80 k`cc`fj tf tlg cfnmc gnfjfkp*

@j 2552# tlgrg xgrg 9#>55 bw~`jg~~g~ `j ^xmj~gm# 5 ugr ngjt rgicgnt`jh ^xmj~gm~ rfcg m~ m rgh`fjmc~lfuu`jh mjd ~gry`ng ngjtrg# xl`cg tlg cmrhg~t ~`jhcg gkucfpgr `~ tlg nfwjn`c# x`tl =2#555 gkucfpgg~*

Cffa`jh iwrtlgr mlgmd# tlg ^xmj~gm Nfkkwj`tp Ucmj# Kma`jh M Bgttgr ^xmj~gm# gjy`~mhg~ tlmt bp2525 ^xmj~gm x`cc bg m d`~t`jnt`yg Gwrfugmj n`tp*

Tf ~wkkmr`~g ^xmj~gm lm~ hfjg tlrfwhl m km~~`yg nlmjhg fygr tlg cm~t =5 pgmr~ mjd cffa~ifrxmrd tf fjhf`jh urf~ugr`tp fygr tlg jg|t 25 pgmr~* @t~ gnfjfkp nmj gm~`cp ~wuufrt m jgx g|n`t`jhrmd`f ~tmt`fj tlmt rgicgnt~ tlg mrgm*

4* Tlg Cfnmc Kgd`m Gjy`rfjkgjt

Tlgrg `~ wjdfwbtgdcp mj muugt`tg ifr rmd`f `j ^xmj~gm# m~ mjmcp~`~ fi RMOMR dmtm Q~gg mj~xgr tf]wg~t`fj 9[ ~lfx~ tlmt lfwr~ c`~tgjgd tf mcc rmd`f ~tmt`fj~ lmyg `jnrgm~gd bp 29' fygr tlg cm~t i`yg

pgmr~ ,nfkumrgd tf jf `jnrgm~g mnrf~~ tlg xlfcg WA# xlgj `jdg|gd ifr ufuwcmt`fj nlmjhg~*Lfxgygr# kf~t fi tl`~ ~wb~tmjt`mc `jnrgm~g lm~ mnnrwgd tf tlg BBN# xlf~g lfwr~ c`~tgjgd lmyg`jnrgm~gd bp >='# xl`c~t nfkkgrn`mc rmd`f lm~ ~ggj `t~ lfwr~ c`~tgjgd hrfx bp fjcp =4 pgmr fcd~ lm~imccgj bp kfrg tlmj m lmci fygr tlg cm~t i`yg pgmr~ ,irfk >7' tf =9'# xl`cg tlg ~lmrg fi c`~tgj`jhmkfjh~t >7+44 pgmr fcd~ lm~ imccgj bp kfrg tlmj txf+tl`rd~ ,irfk >5' tf 0'*

Bftl fi tlg~g mhg hrfwu~ lmyg ~x`tnlgd ~wb~tmjt`mc mkfwjt~ fi tlg`r rmd`f c`~tgj`jh mxmp irfk cfnmc

nfkkgrn`mc rmd`f mjd tfxmrd~ rgh`fjmc rmd`f mjd tlg BBN* Txf pgmr~ mhf# Tlg Xmyg xm~ ~t`cc tlgkmragt cgmdgr `j ^xmj~gm* Jfx `t lm~ imccgj tf ~`|tl ucmng# mjd `t~ nwrrgjt ~lmrg fi c`~tgj`jh ,=5' `~mckf~t lmci xlmt `t xm~ i`yg pgmr~ mhf ,=0'*



21/51



Mnrf~~ kf~t fi tlg WA# `t lm~ bggj BBN Rmd`f Txf tlmt lm~ bgjgi`tgd irfk cfnmc nfkkgrn`mc rmd`f~dgnc`j`jh mwd`gjng* Bwt# `j ^xmj~gm# tlg ~tfrp `~ ~c`hltcp d`iigrgjt* Xl`c~t Rmd`f Txf `~ rmjagdjwkbgr fjg `j tlg kmragt# `t~ lfwr~ c`~tgjgd lmyg rgkm`jgd ~tgmdp fygr tlg cm~t i`yg pgmr~* TlgBBN~ hrfxtl `j ^xmj~gm lm~ bggj dgr`ygd irfk tlg ulgjfkgjmc ~wnng~~ fi Rmd`f Xmcg~# Rmd`fIfwr mjd# tf m cg~~gr g|tgjt# Xgc~l+cmjhwmhg ~gry`ng Rmd`f Npkrw*

^`jng 2555# lfwr~ c`~tgjgd tf BBN Rmd`f Xmcg~ lmyg `jnrgm~gd bp 8


22/51


23/51


2* I`jmjn`mc mjd Bw~`jg~~ Ucmj d Mwd`gjng Urfognt`fj~

Urfy`dg tlg ifccfx`jh jifrkmt`fj?,`) Tlg urfogntgd mdwct ,mhgd =7!) ufuwcmt`fj fi tlg Tftmc ^wrygp Mrgm ,T^M) x`tl`j xl`nl `t `~`jtgjdgd tf kgm~wrg tlg c`~tgjgr~lù fi tlg ~gry`ng1

Tlg urfogntgd mdwct ufuwcmt`fj ,mhgd =7! `~ >255* Tl`~ lm~ bggj dgr`ygd tlg 255= ngj~w~ mjdtlg nfygrmhg urgd`nt`fj ~wuuc`gd bp Mr}`ym* Tlg ufuwcmt`fj nfwjt mhm`j~t m ~`hjmc ~trgjhtl fi 74dBwY&k `~ >255* Xl`c~t `t `~ g|ugntgd tlmt tlgrg x`cc bg mdd`t`fjmc c`~tgjgr~ iwrtlgr mi`gcd# ifr tlguwruf~g fi tlg bw~`jg~~ ucmj xg mrg xfra`jh tf tl`~ i`hwrg*

,`` Urfognt`fj~ ifr c`~tgjgr~lù rmt`jh~ ,g*h* xggacp rgmnl# mygrmhg xggacp lfwr~ fi c`~tgj`jh fygr tlgi`r~t tlrgg pgmr~ fi tlg ~gry`ng# x`tl dgtm`cgd dgkfhrmul`n brgmadfxj~ m~ muurfur`mtg1

Tlg urfogntgd rgmnl mjd lfwr~ mrg ~gt fwt `j tlg tmbcg bgcfx?

RGMNL ,=7! MYGRMHG LFWR^ ,=7!

Pgmr = =8' 8*5

Pgmr 2 =02 lfwr~ ugr xgga cg~~

Rgmc Rmd`f ,98#>02 lfwr~ ugr xgga cg~~

BBN Rmd`f Txf ,94#909 lfwr~ ugr xgga cg~~

,`y) Tlg bm~`~ fj xl`nl tlg g~t`kmtg~ mbfyg lmyg bggj nmcnwcmtgd# mjd mjp m~~wkut`fj~ tmagj `jtfmnnfwjt*

Fwr urfognt`fj~ ifr tlg ugrifrkmjng fi tlg ~tmt`fj `j `t~ i`r~t tlrgg pgmr~ lmyg bggj dgr`ygd irfk~tmt`~t`nmc mjmcp~`~ fi gku`r`nmc dmtm irfk RMOMR rmt`jh~ rgufrt~* Xg mjmcp~gd tlg ~tmrt+wuugrifrkmjng~ fi mcc =0 cfnmc ,jft rgh`fjmc nfkkgrn`mc rmd`f ~tmt`fj~ x`tl Tftmc ^wrygp Mrgm~ fibgtxggj =55#555 mjd 455#555 tlmt lmd nfkkgjngd brfmdnm~t`jh ~`jng =000 mjd lmd umrt`nùmtgd `jRMOMR* Tlg`r mygrmhg ugrifrkmjng mt tlg gjd fi gmnl fi tlg`r i`r~t tlrgg pgmr~ fj+m`r xm~ m~ ifccfx~?

PGMR FJG PGMR TXF PGMR TLRGG

Rgmnl ' =8*2' =


24/51


,`y) Tlg bm~`~ fj xl`nl tlg g~t`kmtg~ mbfyg lmyg bggj nmcnwcmtgd# mjd mjp m~~wkut`fj~ tmagj `jtfmnnfwjt*

2* I`jmjn`mc mjd Bw~`jg~~ Ucmj d Mwd`gjng Urfognt`fj~

Xg rfwjdgd tlg~g i`hwrg~ mjd `kucgkgjtgd m kfrg jmtwrmc urfhrg~~`fj tf mrr`yg mt fwr urfognt`fj~ ifrtlg ~tmt`fj~ ugrifrkmjng `j tlg i`r~t tlrgg pgmr~* Tlg pgmr+fj+pgmr `jnrgm~g `j lfwr~ c`~tgjgd xm~muurf|`kmtgd tf 25' ifr Pgmr Txf mjd Pgmr Tlrgg# m rmtg fi hrfxtl fb~grygd `j ~tmrt+wu ~tmt`fj `j~`k`cmr ~`zgd kmragt~*

Fwr urfognt`fj~ ifr tlg `kumnt fi tlg jgx ~tmt`fj fj g|`~t`jh brfmdnm~tgr~ lmyg bggj dgr`ygd irfk}wmjt`tmt`yg kmragt rg~gmrnl Q~gg mj~xgr tf ]wg~t`fj 9[* Fi tlf~g rg~ufjdgjt~ xlf ~m`d tlgp xfwcdbg ygrp càgcp fr càgcp tf c`~tgj tf tlg jgx ~tmt`fj?

>=' ~m`d tlgp xfwcd c`~tgj tf tlg rmd`f ifr cfjhgr

94' ~m`d tlgp xfwcd c`~tgj cg~~ tf g|`~t`jh ~tmt`fj~1

7' ~m`d tlgp xfwcd ~tfu c`~tgj`jh tf mjftlgr ~tmt`fj,~ mctfhgtlgr*

M~agd xl`nl ~tmt`fj~ tlgp xgrg càgcp tf c`~tgj tf cg~~ ,fr ~tfu c`~tgj`jh tf nfkucgtgcp# rg~ufjdgjt~~m`d?

Tlg Xmyg 09*4 IK ,>9'

BBN Rmd`f Fjg ,27'

Rgmc Rmd`f ,27'

BBN Rmd`f Txf ,24'

Tlg lfwr~ rgdwngd irfk tlg~g ~tmt`fj~ c`~tgj`jh `j Pgmr Fjg lmyg bggj nmcnwcmtgd bp m~~wk`jh tlmt70' fi ^M+IK~ tftmc lfwr~ xfwcd bg rgucmngd fj m fjg+ifr+fjg bm~`~ `j urfufrt`fj tf rg~ufjdgjt~urgigrgjng~*



25/51



,`) Urfy`dg dgtm`c~ fi tlg trmj~k`~~`fj ~`tg pfw urfuf~g tf w~g# wjdgr tlg ifccfx`jh lgmd`jh~?,m) Jmkg mjd Jmt`fjmc Hr`d Rgigrgjng fi ~`tg1

A`cygp L`cc

jhr ^^ 982 045

,b) Lg`hlt fi ~`tg mbfyg Frdjmjng dmtwk ,`j kgtrg~)1

=0> kgtrg~

,n) Lg`hlt fi trmj~k`tt`jh mgr`mc mbfyg hrfwjd cgygc ,`j kgtrg~)1

=< kgtrg~

,d) Rmd`mtgd ufxgr `j g`tlgr fr bftl ucmjg~ fi ufcmr`~mt`fj# mjd mgr`mc rmd`mt`fj umttgrj ,ì jf mgr`mcrmd`mt`fj umttgrj `~ ~wbk`ttgd# `t x`cc bg m~~wkgd x`tlfwt g|ngut`fj tf bg fkj` d`rgnt`fjmc)*

=555 xmtt~ ygrt`nmc ! 275 xmtt~ lfr`zfjtmc

Mjtgjjm umttgrj x`cc bg d`rgnt`fjmc ~gg bgcfx

Tlg muuc`nmjt ~lfwcd nfji`rk xlgtlgr lg bgc`gyg~ tlmt l`~ `jtgjdgd km~t mugrtwrg x`cc bg mym`cmbcg#mjd xlgtlgr# xlgrg rg}w`rgd# ucmjj`jh ugrk`~~`fj nmj bg fbtm`jgd* Xlgrg muurfur`mtg# gy`dgjng tf~wuufrt tl`~ bgc`gi ~lfwcd bg urfy`dgd* Dgtm`c~ fi mjp Jghft`mt`fj~ xl`nl lmyg bggj gjtgrgd `jtfx`tl tlg ~`tg fxjgr,~) ~lfwcd mc~f bg urfy`dgd*

Mr}`ym lmyg fiigrgd w~ ~`tg+~lmr`jh imn`c`t`g~ mt A`cygp L`cc w~`jh tlg g|`~t`jh 52 tfxgr* Tlgp lmyg mjfiigr# ~wbognt tf km~t mjmcp~`~# tf ~lmrg tl`~ tfxgr mjd tlg g|`~t`jh F2 mnnfkkfdmt`fj* Ucmjj`jhugrk`~~`fj `~ rg}w`rgd ifr tlg mjtgjjm# bwt Mr}`ym df jft g|ugnt tlmt tl`~ x`cc bg m urfbcgk x`tl tlg

ucmjj`jh mwtlfr`t`g~ ifr tl`~ g~tmbc`~lgd trmj~k`~~`fj ~`tg*

Tlg `jifrkmt`fj urfy`dgd mbfyg kw~t tmag `jtf mnnfwjt mjp rg}w`rgkgjt~ ~gt fwt `j ^gnt`fj 2 fi tl`~Jft`ng* @j tlg gygjt fi k`jfr jfj+nfkuc`mjng# Finfk kmp rgy`~`t mj muuc`nmjt(~ urfuf~mc~ x`tl my`gx tf kfdg~t mdow~tkgjt ifccfx`jh mxmrd mjd ncf~gr ~nrwt`jp* ^`hjì`nmjt jfj+nfkuc`mjng kmprgjdgr tlg muuc`nmt`fj c`mbcg tf d`~}wmcì`nmt`fj*

A`cygp L`cc bp y`rtwg fi t~ cfnmt`fj urfy`dg~ g|ngccgjt nfygrmhg fi ^xmj~gm mjd ~wrrfwjd`jh mrgm*

>* Trmj~k`~~`fj Urfuf~mc~


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>* Trmj~k`~~`fj Urfuf~mc~

,``) Ucgm~g urfy`dg m dgtm`cgd nfkuwtgr urgd`ntgd kmu ,`j nfcfwr) fi tlg nfygrmhg mjt`nùmtgd w~`jhtlg trmj~k`~~`fj ~`tg,~) mjd umrmkgtgr~ dg~nr`bgd mbfyg*

Ucgm~g ~gg Muugjd`| > ,Tgnlj`nmc ifr oug} i`cg~ fi Mr}`ym Nfygrmhg Urgd`nt`fj~ ifr tlg mrgm*

,```) Dg~nr`bg urfuf~gd mrrmjhgkgjt~ ifr trmj~k`~~`fj urfy`~`fj ,`j~tmccmt`fj# km`jtgjmjng mjdrgum`r)*

Fwr Trmj~k`~~`fj urfy`dgr Mr}`ym `~ xgcc rg~fwrngd tf `j~tmcc tlg nfkucgtg ~p~tgk mjd ~wb~g}wgjtcpkm`jtm`j mjd kfj`tfr tlg Trmj~k`~~`fj umrmkgtgr~* Tgcgkgtrp mjd rgkftg kfj`tfr`jh ~p~tgk~ rgcmp`jifrkmt`fj bmna tf tlg`r nfjtrfc ngjtrg ,g*h* nmrr`gr ufxgr# cmna fi kfdwcmt`fj# gtn fj m 24+lr bm~`~*Tlg`r km`jtgjmjng ugr~fjjgc mrg l`hlcp trm`jgd# mjd lmyg tlg jgng~~mrp ~umrg~ mjd tg~t g}wùkgjttf rg~fcyg mjp urfbcgk }w`nacp*

,`y) Xlmt `~ tlg mjt`nùmtgd t`kg+cmu~g bgtxggj tlg mxmrd fi c`ngjng mjd ~tmrt fi brfmdnm~t`jh6

Xg ucmj tf ~tmrt brfmdnm~t`jh fj Xgdjg~dmp =~t Kmrnl 2559 ,^t* Dmy`d~ Dmp*



27/51

^GNT@FJ =57,B MJD ,N?NMTGR@JH IFR TM^TG^ MJD@JTGRG^T^&BRFMDGJ@JH NLF@NG


,`) Tl`~ ~wb+~gnt`fj fi tlg muuc`nmt`fj ~lfwcd tmag tlg ifrk fi m ~tmtgkgjt ~gtt`jh fwt tlg muuc`nmjt(~fygrmcc urfhrmkk`jh ul`cf~fulp mjd y`~`fj ifr tlg rmd`f ~gry`ng*

Fygrmcc M`k~ mjd Fbognt`yg~^M+IK `~ tlg rmd`f ~tmt`fj tlmt x`cc br`jh ^xmj~gm mc`yg ifr tlg ugfucg xlf c`yg `j mjd mrfwjd tlg n`tp*@t x`cc bgnfkg m ifnmc uf`jt ifr jgx~# `jifrkmt`fj# d`~nw~~`fj mjd tmca mbfwt tlg `~~wg~ mjd tfu`n~ tlmtrgmccp kmttgr tf tlg ugfucg xlf c`yg lgrg* ^M+IK x`cc tmag iwcc mdymjtmhg fi tlg r`nl cmjhwmhg mjdlgr`tmhg fi tlg mrgm* @t x`cc bg mj `jncw~`yg ~gry`ng# mnnwrmtgcp rgicgnt`jh tlg nlmrmntgr mjd ugfucg fitlg mrgm tlrfwhl mnt`yg umrt`nùmt`fj*

ûggnlTlg urfhrmkkg nfjtgjt x`cc tfwnl tlg c`yg~ fi mcc c`~tgjgr~ `j mjd mrfwjd ^xmj~gm x`tl `jifrkmt`fjy`tmc ifr gygrpdmp c`y`jh* Fwr jgx~ mjd ~ufrt urfhrmkkg~ x`cc aggu tlg mwd`gjng wu+tf+dmtg x`tl tlgcmtg~t gygjt~ `j tlg mrgm# `j Xmcg~ mjd `j tlg rg~t fi tlg xfrcd* Jgx~ mjd ~ufrt~ ~wkkmr`g~# m~ xgccm~ trmygc mjd xgmtlgr `jifrkmt`fj# x`cc muugmr rghwcmrcp tlrfwhlfwt tlg dmp*

Kw~`nFwr tmrhgt mwd`gjng x`cc ~umj m x`dg gjfwhl rmjhg fi mhg~ tf `jncwdg tlf~g xlf hrgx wu x`tlKgr~gpbgmt# Kftfxj# hcmk rfna# rghhmg mjd tlg kw~`n fi tlg uf~t+uwja grm m~ tlg ~fwjdtrmna tftlg`r c`yg~* Fwr kw~`n ufc`np m`k~ tf rgicgnt tlg tm~tg~ fi tlg tmrhgt mwd`gjng xl`c~t bg`jh wjmirm`d tf

`jtrfdwng tf tlg nfrg mwd`gjng m ~ur`jac`jh fi nfjtgkufrmrp ~fwjd~ xl`nl tlgp x`cc i`jd g}wmccpumcmtmbcg*,``) Tlg ~trmtgh`g~ xl`nl tlg muuc`nmjt urfuf~g~ tf `kucgkgjt `j rghmrd tf?

nmtgr`jh ifr tlg tm~tg~ mjd `jtgrg~t~# hgjgrmc fr umrt`nwcmr# fi ugr~fj~ c`y`jh `j tlg mrgm1

^M+IK lm~ wjdgrtmagj m rmjhg fi rg~gmrnl mjd nfj~wctmt`fj mnt`y`t`g~ tf lgcu w~ dgtgrk`jg tlg tm~tg~mjd `jtgrg~t~ fi uftgjt`mc c`~tgjgr~ `j ^xmj~gm mjd tlg ~wrrfwjd`jh mrgm* @j tl`~ xmp# ^M+IK x`cc bgg}wùugd tf ifnw~ urgn`~gcp fj tlg `jtgrg~t~ fi ^xmj~gm rg~`dgjt~ x`tl m kw~`n ifrkmt nmrgiwccp

nlf~gj tf mttrmnt tlg tmrhgt >7+94 mhg hrfwu*

ûggnlMt urg~gjt# tlg km`j ~ufagj xfrd urfhrmkk`jh ifr c`~tgjgr~ `j tlg mrgm `~ urfy`dgd bp WA+x`dgjmt`fjmc rmd`f BBN Rmd`f 4# BBN Rmd`f 7 C`yg mjd tmcaÛFRT* Tlg jmt`fjmc rgh`fjmc ~tmt`fj BBNRmd`f Xmcg~# xl`nl `jncwdg~ m l`hlcp gncgnt`n k`| fi kw~`n `j `t~ fwtuwt# `~ m`kgd# bp dgi`j`t`fj# mt mccfi Xmcg~ mjd mttrmnt~ mj mwd`gjng ur`kmr`cp mhgd 77!* Rgmc Rmd`f `jncwdg~ ~fkg ~uggnlurfhrmkk`jh bwt `~ m kw~`n+cgd# rgh`fjmc ~gry`ng ifr tlg xlfcg fi ^fwtl Xmcg~*

4* Urfhrmkk`jh Ul`cf~fulp


28/51



M~ umrt fi fwr rg~gmrnl ulm~g `j tlg mrgm# g`hlt ~gumrmtg nfj~wctmt`fj g|grn`~g~ xgrg nfjdwntgddwr`jh Mur`c mjd Kmp 2557 mt tlg Dpcmj Tlfkm~ Ngjtrg `j ^xmj~gm* Iwcc dgtm`c~ mrg ~gt fwt `j ^gnt`fj9 ,Gy`dgjng fi Cfnmc ^wuufrt fr Dgkmjd* Mt tlg~g hmtlgr`jh~ rgurg~gjtmt`yg~ irfk cfnmcfrhmj`~mt`fj~# hrfwu~ mjd bfd`g~ xgrg `jy`tgd tf g|urg~~ tlg`r fu`j`fj~# tf mj `jdgugjdgjtrg~gmrnlgr# fj xlmt tlgp igct xm~ rg}w`rgd fj m jgx cfnmc rmd`f ~gry`ng*

Tlg dmtm hgjgrmtgd bp tlg~g ~g~~`fj~ xm~ `jymcwmbcg `j hmwh`jh xl`nl mrgm~ fi `jtgrg~t xgrg jftbg`jh ~grygd mt urg~gjt bp tlg nfkkgrn`mc rmd`f urfy`dgr~ nwrrgjtcp mym`cmbcg tf tlg cfnmc mwd`gjng*Fwr urfhrmkkg ucmj~ mrg bm~gd `j cmrhg kgm~wrg fj tlg~g i`jd`jh~* Hrfwu~ `jy`tgd tf mttgjd tlg~gkggt`jh~ xgrg ymr`gd mjd mrg c`~tgd `j Muugjd`| 4 ,Rg~gmrnl

@j mdd`t`fj# }wmjt`tmt`yg rg~gmrnl wjdgrtmag bp K@U `ccw~trmtg~ tlmt cfnmc jgx~# xgmtlgr# trmygc# ~ufrt#xlmt~ fj igmtwrg~ mjd ulfjg+`j~ mrg agp ~uggnl `tgk~* ,Tmagj irfk K@U Owjg 2557 rg~gmrnl ygrp`jtgrg~tgd&`jtgrg~tgd ~uggnl `tgk~* Iwcc dgtm`c~ mrg `j Muugjd`| 4 Rg~gmrnl*

Jgx~ x`cc bg m nfrg gcgkgjt fi fwr ~uggnl fwtuwt* Tlrfwhlfwt tlg dmp# jgx~ mjd `jifrkmt`fj x`ccurfy`dg tlg ifwjdmt`fj~ mjd tlg ~wuufrt`jh ~trwntwrg tf m urfhrmkkg ~nlgdwcg tlmt c`~tgjgr~ x`cc i`jdbftl gjtgrtm`j`jh mjd gjhmh`jh* @t x`cc bg iwj x`tlfwt bg`jh tr`y`mc# bwt ~gr`fw~ xlgj `t jggd~ tf bg#bmcmjn`jh c`hltjg~~ fi tfwnl x`tl nfj~`~tgjt nrgd`b`c`tp*

Tlg nfjtgjt fi jgx~ bwccgt`j~ x`cc nfjngjtrmtg fj cfnmc ~tfr`g~ fr rgh`fjmc ~tfr`g~ y`gxgd irfk m cfnmcugr~ugnt`yg* Jmt`fjmc mjd `jtgrjmt`fjmc ~tfr`g~ x`cc bg nfygrgd mnnfrd`jh tf tlg`r jgx~xfrtl`jg~~ mjdrgcgymjng tf ^xmj~gm* Kmofr ~tfr`g~ ~wnl m~ tlg rgngjt Cfjdfj bfkb`jh~ x`cc bg nfygrgd `j iwcc dwgtf tlg`r `kufrtmjng# bwt Cfjdfj bm~gd ~tfr`g~ tlmt muugmr fj jmt`fjmc fr rgh`fjmc bwccgt`j~ gc~gxlgrgx`cc bg trgmtgd fj tlg`r kgr`t# bgnmw~g xlmt kmp bg `kufrtmjt tf c`~tgjgr~ `j tlg ^fwtlgm~t fi Gjhcmjdkmp lmyg jf rgcgymjng tf tlg mwd`gjng `j ^xmj~gm*

Cfnmccp urfdwngd mjd urg~gjtgd bwccgt`j~ x`cc bg brfmdnm~t lfwrcp irfk 5955 tf 2255* Mdd`t`fjmccp#lgmdc`jg~ x`cc bg brfmdnm~t fj tlg lmci lfwr dwr`jh xggadmp ugma lfwr~* Dwr`jh tlg xggadmpmitgrjffj ~lfx# jgx~ ~tfr`g~ x`cc bg igmtwrgd x`tl`j tlg kw~`n+cgd urfhrmkkg ,bgtxggj =855 mjd=


29/51



Xggadmp Jgx~ nlgdwcg*

5955 Bwccgt`j > k`jwtg~ Cfnmccp urfdwngd mjd urg~gjtgd


58>5 Lgmdc`jg~&~ufrt 2 k`jwtg~ Cfnmccp urfdwngd mjd urg~gjtgd

5 k`jwtg~ Cfnmccp urfdwngd mjd urg~gjtgd

55 Lgmdc`jg~&~ufrt 2 k`jwtg~ Cfnmccp urfdwngd mjd urg~gjtgd


=555 Bwccgt`j > k`jwtg~ Cfnmccp urfdwngd mjd urg~gjtgd

==55 Bwccgt`j > k`jwtg~ Cfnmccp urfdwngd mjd urg~gjtgd=255 Bwccgt`j > k`jwtg~ Cfnmccp urfdwngd mjd urg~gjtgd

=>55G|tgjdgdJgx~&~ufrtbwccgt`j

=5 k`jwtg~ Cfnmccp urfdwngd mjd urg~gjtgd




=9>5 Lgmdc`jg~&~ufrt 2 k`jwtg~ Cfnmccp urfdwngd mjd urg~gjtgd


=8>5 Lgmdc`jg~&~ufrt 2 k`jwtg~ Cfnmccp urfdwngd mjd urg~gjtgd

= k`jwtg~ Cfnmccp urfdwngd mjd urg~gjtgd



2=55 Bwccgt`j > k`jwtg~ Cfnmccp urfdwngd mjd urg~gjtgd


Mt ftlgr t`kg~# g|tgrjmccp ~fwrngd jgx~ bwccgt`j~ irfk @RJ x`cc bg brfmdnm~t lfwrcp*

^M+IK x`cc lmyg m jgx~ tgmk nfkur`~`jh m Jgx~ Gd`tfr mjd tlrgg iwcc+t`kg ofwrjmc`~t~* Tlg ~l`itumttgrj x`cc gj~wrg tlmt m nfrg ~tmii fi tlrgg ofwrjmc`~t~ mrg mym`cmbcg dwr`jh tlg dmp ,5055 tf =5 mjd mjftlgr xfra`jh tlrfwhl tf 2255* Mcc jgx~ ~tmii x`cc xfra

mdd`t`fjmc ~`|tl ~l`it~ tlmt x`cc gjmbcg dwtp nfygr mt xggagjd~ irfk 57>5 tf 2255*

Tlg ~uggnl nfjtgjt `~ ncgmrcp `kufrtmjt tf fwr mwd`gjng bwt# irfk tlg rg~gmrnl nfjdwntgd Q~ggmj~xgr tf ]wg~t`fj 9[# tlgrg `~ `j~wii`n`gjt dgkmjd ifr m ~uggnl+cgd ~gry`ng* Tlgrgifrg# tlg ^M+IKTlrfwhl Tlg Dmp urfhrmkkg x`cc igmtwrg m dm`cp c`yg `jtgry`gx x`tl tlg fuufrtwj`tp ifr c`~tgjgr~ tfnfjtr`bwtg tf tlg d`~nw~~`fj bp ulfjg+`j* Tlg urfhrmkkg x`cc mc~f igmtwrg m dm`cp ulfjg+`j fj cfnmc#tfu`nmc `~~wg~* Tlg m`k `~ tf urfy`dg m c`hlt+lgmrtgd fuufrtwj`tp ifr c`~tgjgr `jyfcygkgjt# mctlfwhl tlgtfjg kmp nlmjhg dgugjd`jh fj xl`nl ~wbognt `~ `j tlg jgx~ mjd tlg fu`j`fj~ g|urg~~gd*

Tlg brgmaim~t ~lfx x`cc ncgmrcp ~gt tlg mhgjdm ifr tlg dmp + x`tl trmygc jgx~# xgmtlgr# t`kg+nlgna~#jgx~ mjd ~ufrt~ wudmtg~# nfkb`j`jh x`tl kw~`n# nfkugt`t`fj~ mjd c`~tgjgr `jyfcygkgjt tf urfy`dg mxgcc bmcmjngd d`gt x`tl xl`nl tf ~tmrt tlg dmp*



30/51



Tlg uf~t+brgmaim~t ~g}wgjng# kfy`jh irfk k`d+kfrj`jh tf gmrcp mitgrjffj x`cc bg kfrg rgcm|gd `j~tpcg# bwt x`tlfwt cf~`jh tlg ~lmrujg~~ fi ifnw~ fj cfnmc `~~wg~* C`~tgjgr `jyfcygkgjt x`cc bg agp mttl`~ t`kg fi dmp# x`tl mj fygr+tlg+hmrdgj xmcc jg`hlbfwrcp icmyfwr ~`tt`jh mcfjh~`dg rghwcmr `juwt irfkcìg~tpcg g|ugrt~ mjd hwg~t~*

Tlg k`d tf cmtg mitgrjffj ~g}wgjng x`cc rgicgnt tlg cg`~wrg mjd nwctwrmc m~ugnt~ fi tlg mrgm xl`cgkfy`jh ~gmkcg~~cp `jtf dr`yg+t`kg m~ m t`hltgr# br`~agr umng rgtwrj~ tf tlg fwtuwt*

Gygj`jh mjd xggagjd urfhrmkkg~ x`cc `jncwdg tlg fuufrtwj`tp ifr kfrg ~ugn`mc`~t mjd ~ugnì`n

urfhrmkk`jh# x`tl Mnng~~# ûfrt~# Mrt~ mjd ûgn`mc`~t kw~`n hgjrg~ nmtgrgd ifr*

ûfrt~ urfhrmkk`jh x`cc bg m y`tmc mjd `jtghrmc umrt fi tlg ^M+IK fwtuwt nfygr`jh Jgmtl+^xmj~gmF~urgp~ mjd ^xmj~gm rwhbp ncwb~# ^xmj~gm N`tp Ifftbmcc Ncwb mjd Hcmkfrhmj Nfwjtp Nr`nagt Ncwb#m~ xgcc m~ jgx~ fi cfnmc mjd owj`fr ~ufrt~ ncwb~ bftl mkmtgwr mjd ~gk`+urfig~~`fjmc*

Mcfjh~`dg tlg ^M+IK ~ufrt~ nfygrmhg# ^mtwrdmp mjd ^wjdmp mitgrjffj urfhrmkk`jh x`cc ~gg tlgrmd`f ~tmt`fj nfygr`jh kmofr gygjt~ `j tlg mrgm# umrt`nùmt`jh xlgrg muurfur`mtg mjd tma`jh m icmyfwr fi^xmj~gm cìg*

Tlrfwhlfwt tlg pgmr# tlrfwhl m ~gr`g~ fi nmrgiwccp tmrhgtgd nmkum`hj~# ^M+IK x`cc xfra x`tl ~fn`mcmnt`fj mhgjn`g~ tf urfkut `jtgrg~t `j m ymr`gtp fi nfkkwj`tp hrfwu~# m~ xgcc m~ mnt`yg n`t`zgj~lù mjdn`y`n rgjgxmc* ^M+IK x`cc kfyg bgpfjd tlg rmtlgr t`rgd# bwccgt`j+bfmrd fr Mnt`fj C`jg tpug+ifrkmt w~gdbp ~f kmjp cfnmc ~tmt`fj~* Xl`cg m icfx fi rghwcmr nfkkwj`tp `jifrkmt`fj x`cc bg `jncwdgd `j tlgfwtuwt# ^M+IK x`cc mc~f rwj > fr 4 nmkum`hj~ mnrf~~ tlg pgmr# tf ifnw~ fj `~~wg~ tlmt fwr mwd`gjngnmrg~ mbfwt mjd tlmt gjnfwrmhg ugfucg tf bgnfkg mnt`ygcp `jyfcygd x`tl n`y`n mjd nfkkwj`tp miim`r~*

Tlg ^M+IK urg~gjtgr~ x`cc lmyg g|ngccgjt cfnmc ajfxcgdhg mjd c`ja~* M jwkbgr fi agp urg~gjtgr~lmyg mcrgmdp bggj `dgjtì`gd mjd# ifr nfjtrmntwmc rgm~fj~# tlgp mrg jmkgd `j tlg Muugjd`| =,Nfji`dgjt`mc*

Tf gjnfwrmhg mnng~~ tf tlg ~gry`ng mjd tf nrgmtg m xgmctl fi fr`h`jmc# cfnmc urfhrmkk`jh mjd tmcgjt#^M+IK lm~ tgmkgd wu x`tl ,DMNG Tlg Dgumrtkgjt fi Mdwct mjd Nfjt`jw`jh Gdwnmt`fj fi ^xmj~gm

Wj`ygr~`tp tf rwj xggacp rmd`f urfdwnt`fj xfra~lfu~ mt ygjwg~ `j mjd mrfwjd ^xmj~gm ~tmrt`jh tl`~^gutgkbgr* Kmtgr`mc hgjgrmtgd irfk tlg~g xfra~lfu~ x`cc bg kmdg mym`cmbcg tf ^M+IK ifr `jncw~`fj`j `t~ urfhrmkk`jh# m~ mbfyg*

Tlg fbognt`yg fi tlg~g ~g~~`fj~ `~ tf `jnrgm~g tlg jwkbgr mjd rmjhg fi cfnmc yf`ng~ lgmrd fj tlg~tmt`fj*

Xgc~l Cmjhwmhg^M+IK dfg~ jft urfuf~g tf brfmdnm~t mjp ~ugnì`n Xgc~l cmjhwmhg urfhrmkkg~* Tlg rg~gmrnlnfjdwntgd ~lfxgd tlgrg xm~ jf hrgmt muugt`tg ifr ~wnl urfhrmkk`jh ,87*4' ~tmt`jh tlgp xgrg jft`jtgrg~tgd `j ~wnl urfhrmkkg~* Lfxgygr tlg mrgm `~ i`grngcp urfwd fi `t~ nwctwrg mjd lgr`tmhg*



31/51



Xgc~l g|urg~~`fj~ mjd ulrm~g~ mrg m umrt fi tlg gygrp dmp cmjhwmhg w~mhg `j tlg mrgm `j tlg ~mkgxmp m~ tlf~g `j Jgxnm~tcg fr B`rk`jhlmk lmyg cfnmc g|urg~~`fj~ mjd ~mp`jh~ tlmt mrg umrt fi tlg`rgygrpdmp cmjhwmhg* @j mdd`t`fjmc tf w~`jh urg~gjtgr~ xlf x`cc lmyg ajfxcgdhg fi ~wnl ulrm~g~# ^M+IK x`cc mc~f bg rwjj`jh m ~lfrt ulrm~g fi tlg dmp tpug igmtwrg# c`jagd tf tlg ~tmt`fj~ xgb~`tg ifrtlf~g xlf x`~l tf uwr~wg Xgc~l cmjhwmhg mjd nwctwrg `j kfrg dgutl*

Tlg igmtwrg xm~ `jtrfdwngd fj tlg ~gnfjd R^C rwj bp tlg hrfwu* Tl`~ g|trgkgcp c`hlt+lgmrtgd `tgkxm~ ufuwcmr mjd xm~ w~gd m~ m kgmj~ fi `jtrfdwn`jh c`~tgjgr~ tf w~giwc ulrm~g~ mjd ~mp`jh~ `j tlg

Xgc~l Cmjhwmhg* Tlg `tgk `t~gci rmj ifr jf kfrg tlmj m nfwucg fi k`jwtg~ m dmp bwt urfygd l`hlcpgjtgrtm`j`jh mjd gdwnmt`fjmc*

Kw~`n^M+IK~ ufc`np `~ tf kfyg mxmp irfk rg~tr`nt`yg ucmpc`~t~# ~f tlmt tlg c`~tgjgr x`cc lgmr m hrgmtgrymr`gtp fi trmna~# bftl ncm~~`n mjd nwrrgjt* Ncm~~`n trmna~ x`cc bg ~nlgdwcgd tf gj~wrg tlmt mt cgm~t ~`|xgga~ gcmu~g~ bgtxggj rgugmt ucmp~* Tl`~ x`cc fiigr c`~tgjgr~ m x`dgr nlf`ng fi trmna~ lgmrd dwr`jhmygrmhg c`~tgj`jh lfwr~* @j mdd`t`fj# trmna~ igmtwrgd fj tlg ^M+IK ucmpc`~t x`cc bg rgy`gxgd gygrptlrgg kfjtl~# ~f tlmt ~fjh ~gcgnt`fj nmj bg rgirg~lgd# tlw~ aggu`jh tlg fygrmcc kw~`n fwtuwt~fwjd`jh d`~t`jnt`yg* Xl`c~t ^M+IK x`cc ucmp ncm~~`n trmna~ imk`c`mr tf `t~ c`~tgjgr~# `t x`cc jft bg bfwjdbp nlmrt uf~`t`fj~* Tlgrg `~ m xgmctl fi kw~`n# xlgtlgr ncm~~`n mcbwk trmna~ fr twrjtmbcg l`t~# tlmt mrgxfrtlp fi ucmp`jh mjd lmyg ~wry`ygd tlg tg~t fi t`kg*

Nwrrgjt mjd rgngjt kw~`n x`cc mc~f bg ucmpgd# bwt x`cc jft mnnfwjt ifr kfrg tlmj m }wmrtgr fi tlg kw~`nfwtuwt* Tlgrg mrg kmjp trmna~ fi tfdmp# bftl irfk ~`jhcg~ mjd mcbwk~# tlmt ^M+IK~ tmrhgt mwd`gjngnmj rgcmtg tf* Tlg w~g fi ~fjh~ ~wnl m~ tlg ^tgrgfulfj`n~ nfygr fi tlg Rfd ^tgxmrt mcbwk trmna ,TYtlgkg tf Tlg Fii`ng ow~tì`g~ tlg w~g fi nwrrgjt ~fjh~ mjd mrt`~t~ xlgrg tlgp nmj bg lgmrd i`tt`jh `jtftlg nfjtg|t fi fcdgr# ncm~~`n trmna~*

brfmdgj`jh tlg rmjhg fi cfnmc nfkkgrn`mc ~gry`ng~ mym`cmbcg `j tlg mrgm1

Fwr rmd`f kmragt mjmcp~`~ Q~gg mj~xgr tf ]wg~t`fj 9[ ~lfx~ tlmt tlg i`yg kf~t c`~tgjgd tf ~tmt`fj~ `j

^xmj~gm mrg ,`j rmja frdgr? BBN Rmd`f Txf# BBN Rmd`f Xmcg~# Rgmc Rmd`f# BBN Rmd`f Fjg mjdBBN Rmd`f Ifwr* @j tgrk~ fi tlg ^xmj~gm kmragt?

Mcc i`yg ~tmt`fj~ mrg rgh`fjmc fr jmt`fjmc# rmtlgr tlmj cfnmc1

Ifwr fi tlg~g i`yg ~tmt`fj~ lmyg ~`hjì`nmjt ~uggnl nfjtgjt1

Txf fi tlg i`yg ~tmt`fj~ mrg ~ugnì`nmccp ifr Xmcg~*

Gy`dgjng ~lfx~ tlmt xlmt `~ cmna`jh `~ m cfnmc ~tmt`fj ifr ^xmj~gm tlmt `jncwdg~ ~`hjì`nmjt mkfwjt~fi ~uggnl* Tlg txf g|`~t`jh cfnmc nfkkgrn`mc ~tmt`fj~ Tlg Xmyg mjd ^xmj~gm ^fwjd mrg bftlkw~`n+ngjtrgd mjd mrg rmjagd fjcp ~`|tl mjd ~gygjtl `j tlg kmragt*

MMM JJ

JGGGXXX ^FFFWWWJJJDDD IIIFFFRRR ^XXXMMMJJJ^GGGMMM UUUmmmhhhggg >>>555


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Xg lmyg ~twd`gd tlg fwtuwt fi cfnmc nfkkgrn`mc rmd`f ~gry`ng~ nwrrgjtcp nfygr`jh ^xmj~gm# mjd xglmyg dgygcfugd tlg urfhrmkk`jh ucmj~ fi ^M+IK tf gj~wrg tlmt `t x`cc bg d`~t`jnt`yg irfk tlg nfjtgjtfj g|`~t`jh nfkkgrn`mc ~gry`ng~?

^xmj~gm ^fwjd^xmj~gm ^fwjd xm~ kfj`tfrgd fj 27 Kmp* M urgdfk`jmjtcp kw~`n+cgd ~tmt`fj# ^xmj~gm ^fwjducmpgd ~fjh~ irfk tlg =085~ tf tlg urg~gjt* Tlg ~uggnl# xl`c~t k`j`kmc# `jncwdgd igmtwrg~ ~wnl m~ mofb ~xfu mjd m X`rgcg~~ Hrfwu urfkft`fj tf x`j m nmr* Tlg jgx~ fwtuwt xm~ ~lmrgd x`tl ~`~tgr~tmt`fj Xmyg 09*4# mctlfwhl tlg bwccgt`j~ fj ^xmj~gm ^fwjd xgrg cfjhgr* ûgnì`n ^xmj~gm ~tfr`g~

xgrg igmtwrgd `j tlg jgx~# tfhgtlgr x`tl kfrg hgjgrmc ~tfr`g~ fi rgcgymjng tf tlg xlfcg Ur`jnùmc`tp*

^M+IK x`cc brfmdgj nlf`ng bp fiigr`jh m ~`hjì`nmjtcp dìigrgjt cfnmc jgx~ ~gry`ng ifr ^xmj~gmtlmt `~ `j+dgutl mjd g|tgjd~ bgpfjd dmpt`kg lfwr~* Xl`c~t bg`jh kw~`n+cgd# ^M+IK x`cc`jncwdg kfrg ~wb~tmjt`mc ~uggnl `tgk~ mjd igmtwrg~ tlmt rgicgnt tlg mrgm*

Xmyg 09*4Xmyg 09*4 xm~ mc~f kfj`tfrgd fj 27 Kmp* Tl`~ kw~`n+cgd ~tmt`fj brfmdnm~t~ c`ttcg ~uggnl fwt~`dgjgx~ bwccgt`j~* M~ ~gt fwt `j `t~ Finfk Ifrkmt# tlg kw~`n `~ dfk`jmtgd bp trmna~ irfk tlg =005~ tftlg urg~gjt# kma`jh tl`~ ~tmt`fj mttrmnt`yg tf tlg pfwjhgr ,=7+24 pgmr fcd~ mhg hrfwu* Tlg jgx~bwccgt`j~ mrg ~lmrgd x`tl ^xmj~gm ^fwjd# bwt mrg ~lfrtgr ygr~`fj~*

^M+IK x`cc ucmp m ~`hjì`nmjtcp brfmdgr rmjhg fi kw~`n tlmj Xmyg 09*4# mjd x`cc `jncwdg~wb~tmjt`mccp kfrg ~uggnl gcgkgjt~ `j `t~ urfhrmkk`jh# muugmc`jh tf m nfj~`dgrmbcp x`dgrmhg rmjhg fi c`~tgjgr~*

Rgmc Rmd`fKfj`tfr`jh fi Rgmc Rmd`f fj = Owjg mjd 27 Owcp ~whhg~t~ tlmt# xl`cg m rgh`fjmc ~tmt`fj ~gry`jh m x`dghgfhrmul`n mrgm# kwnl fi tlg nfjtgjt `~ ygrp Nmrdìi+fr`gjtmtgd* Trmygc bwccgt`j~ ifnw~gd fj trmii`nnfjd`t`fj~ `j Nmrdìi# xl`cg ~ufrt~ jgx~ igmtwrgd Nmrdìi N`tp IfftbmccNcwb mt tlg g|ugj~g fi ftlgrcfnmc tgmk~ `j ^fwtl Xmcg~* Jgx~ bwccgt`j~ fj 27 Owcp xgrg dfk`jmtgd bp tlg gygjt~ `j Cfjdfj fitlg urgy`fw~ Tlwr~dmp# mjd jgx~rgmdgr~ rgigrrgd tf ucmng~ ~wnl m~ Kffrhmtg mjd Twc~g L`cc x`tlfwt}wmcìp`jh tlmt tlgp mrg Cfjdfj d`~tr`nt~* Xl`c~t fby`fw~cp fi jmt`fjmc `kufrtmjng# cfnmc jgx~nfkur`~gd fjcp tlrgg ~tfr`g~ tlrfwhlfwt tlg dmp* Jgx~ bwccgt`j~ fj = Owjg igmtwrgd txf rgh`fjmc

~tfr`g~ mjd m iwrtlgr txf rgh`fjmc ~ufrt ~tfr`g~*

Mumrt irfk jgx~ bwccgt`j~# ~uggnl nfjtgjt ,w~wmccp urg+rgnfrdgd `jncwdgd ofb ymnmjn`g~# Nr`kg^tfuugr Muugmc# Cfnmc Lgrfg~ mjd m Xlmt~ Fj D`mrp* Kf~t fi tlg~g nfkur`~gd fjg fr txf `tgk~mjd rgigrrgd c`~tgjgr~ tf ~ugnì`n `jtgrjgt ~`tg~ ifr kfrg `jifrkmt`fj* Fj 27 Owcp# tlgrg xm~ mtgcgulfjg `jtgry`gx x`tl tlg Gd`tfr fi tlg ^fwtl Xmcg~ Gnlf# tlg rgh`fjmc jgx~umugr bm~gd `jNmrdìi*

Kw~`nmccp# Rgmc Rmd`f ucmpgd m brfmd rmjhg fi ~fjh~ irfk tlg =095~ tf tlg urg~gjt dmp# x`tl jf fjg~ugnì`n hgjrg urgymcgjt bwt `jncwd`jh m k`| fi xgcc ajfxj l`t~*^M+IK x`cc brfmdgj nlf`ng bp brfmdnm~t`jh m jgx~ ~gry`ng tlmt `~ ygrp ~ugnì`n ifr ^xmj~gm mjd tlg~wrrfwjd`jh mrgm# nfygr`jh ~tfr`g~ tlmt x`cc bg fi d`rgnt `jtgrg~t fr rgcgymjng tf tlg cfnmc mwd`gjng*

Tlgrg x`cc bg m x`dgr rmjhg fi ~uggnl nfjtgjt `j dmpt`kg urfhrmkkg~ x`tl c`yg mjd urg+rgnfrdgd`jtgry`gx~# d`~nw~~`fj~ mjd ulfjg+`j~*

MMM JJJGGGXXX ^FFFWWWJJJDDD IIIFFFRRR ^XXXMMMJJJ^GGGMMM UUUmmmhhhggg >>>===


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^M+IK x`cc brfmdgj nlf`ng bp brfmdnm~t`jh m jgx~ ~gry`ng tlmt `~ ygrp ~ugnì`nmccp ifr ^xmj~gm mjdtlg ~wrrfwjd`jh mrgm# nfygr`jh ~tfr`g~ tlmt mrg fi d`rgnt `jtgrg~t fr rgcgymjng tf tlg cfnmc mwd`gjng*Tlg~g x`cc bg mnnfkumj`gd bp m nfj~`dgrmbcp x`dgr rmjhg fi ~uggnl nfjtgjt `j dmpt`kgurfhrmkkg~# `jncwd`jh c`yg mjd urg+rgnfrdgd `jtgry`gx~# d`~nw~~`fj~ mjd ulfjg+`j~*

Nfjncw~`fj^M+IK x`cc brfmdgj c`~tgj`jh nlf`ng~ mym`cmbcg bp fiigr`jh m c`ygcp# gjtgrtm`j`jh mjd urfyfnmt`yg k`| fi

kw~`n mjd ~uggnl# ifnw~gd fj ^xmj~gm# mjd bmcmjngd tf km|`k`~g tlg ~tmt`fj~ mwd`gjng muugmc*Jgx~ mjd `jifrkmt`fj# igmtwrg~ mjd `jtgry`gx~# c`~tgjgr ulfjg+`j~# ~twd`f d`~nw~~`fj~ mjd c`ygnfygrmhg fi cfnmc gygjt~ x`cc igmtwrg mcfjh~`dg m ncgmrcp dgi`jgd kw~`n k`|* M~ ~gt fwt mbfyg# ^M+IKx`cc bg m iwcc ~gry`ng rmd`f ~tmt`fj tlmt x`cc fiigr tlg mwd`gjng ~`hjì`nmjtcp kfrg cfnmc nfjtgjt tlmj tlgg|`~t`jh kw~`n+cgd cfnmc nfkkgrn`mc ~tmt`fj~ `j ^xmj~gm*

tlg urfy`~`fj fi cfnmc kmtgr`mc# ì mjp1

Mcc ^M+IK urfhrmkkg~ x`cc bg cfnmccp urfdwngd mjd urg~gjtgd* Lfxgygr# tlg~g urfhrmkkg~ x`cc`jncwdg kmtgr`mc urfdwngd fwt~`dg tlg mrgm# ~wnl m~ @jdgugjdgjt Rmd`f Jgx~ bwccgt`j~ mjd jgx~`jtgry`gx~*

tlg urfufrt`fj fi cfnmccp+kmdg urfhrmkk`jh# ì mjp ~lfwcd bg ~gt fwt `j tl`~ ~gnt`fj

Tlg ym~t kmofr`tp fi ^M+IK urfhrmkkg~ x`cc bg c`yg mjd cfnmc* Xg xmjt tf gjnfwrmhg c`yg `jtgrmnt`fjbgtxggj tlg urg~gjtgr mjd mwd`gjng* Cfnmc mwtfkmt`fj x`cc bg w~gd fjcp ifr tlg fygrj`hlturfhrmkkg~ ,2mk 9mk mctlfwhl# `j tlg cfjh tgrk# xg xfwcd lfug tf kmag tl`~ m c`yg urfhrmkkgtff* ^M+IK kmp brfmdnm~t fnnm~`fjmc ~pjd`nmtgd fr jgtxfragd urfhrmkkg~ xlgrg muurfur`mtg,~wnl m~ tlg jmt`fjmccp jgtxfragd T~wjmk` Muugmc*

MMM JJJGGGXXX ^FFFWWWJJJDDD IIIFFFRRR ^XXXMMMJJJ^GGGMMM UUUmmmhhhggg >>>222


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,```) @i muurfur`mtg# tlg muuc`nmjt kmp mc~f urfy`dg m tpu`nmc urfhrmkkg bp+ urfhrmkkg xggadmp

~nlgdwcg# tf h`yg m icmyfwr ifr tlg d`rgnt`fj fi tlg ~tmt`fj*

7* Urfuf~gd Ifrkmt

Kfjdmp+Ir`dmp?

52*55+59*55? Tlg Cmtg ) Gmrcp ^lfx ,Mwtfkmtgd Urfhrmkkg? kw~`n tlrfwhl tlg gmrcp lfwr~fi tlg kfrj`jh tf ~gg lfkg tlf~g xlf lmyg bggj fwt fygrj`hlt# xlgtlgr mt xfra frucmp# mjd tf gm~g c`~tgjgr~ x`tl mj gmrcp ~tmrt `jtf tlg dmp mlgmd*

59*55+=5*55? ^M+IK Brgmaim~t? tlg ygrp bg~t `j kw~`n cmngd x`tl c`ygcp tmca tf ~tmrt tlg dmp#igmtwr`jh tlg b`h ~tfr`g~ fi tlg dmp irfk ^xmj~gm mjd d`~tr`nt# tlg rg~t fi Xmcg~

mjd tlg rg~t fi tlg xfrcd* Ucw~ rghwcmr jgx~ mjd ~ufrt~ bwccgt`j~# trmygc wudmtg~mjd bw~`jg~~ jgx~# m~ xgcc m~ xgmtlgr mjd nfm~tmc ifrgnm~t~* Lfwrcp jgx~bwccgt`j~ x`cc bg nfkucgkgjtgd bp lgmdc`jg~ fj tlg lmci+lfwr irfk 58*>5+50*>5*Mwd`gjng umrt`n`umt`fj x`cc bg m agp gcgkgjt tlrfwhl nfkugt`t`fj~# ulfjg+nmcc~#tg|t~ mjd g+km`c~* Tlg dm`cp ^M+IK B`h Yftg x`cc rwj tlrfwhlfwt tlg ~lfx#lgcu`jh tf hmwhg uwbc`n fu`j`fj*

=5*55+=4*55? ^M+IK Tlrfwhl Tlg Dmp? Irfk k`d+kfrj`jh tf gmrcp mitgrjffj# kfrg hrgmtkw~`n x`cc c`ja c`ig~tpcg g|ugrt~# ngcgbr`tp hwg~t~ mjd `juwt irfk c`~tgjgr~* Nmccgr~x`cc bg `jy`tgd tf lmyg tlg`r ~mp fj tlg `~~wg~ tlmt kmttgr tf tlgk# tf }w`z tlgg|ugrt~ mjd tmca tf tlg ~tmr hwg~t~* Ucw~ rghwcmr jgx~# xgmtlgr mjd trmygc wudmtg~mjd m cwjnlt`kg ~ufrt~ bwccgt`j*

=4*55+=>>>


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7* Urfuf~gd Ifrkmt

=>444


36/51

^GNT@FJ =57,D?GY@DGJNG FI CFNMCDGKMJD FR ^WUUFRT

7* Urfuf~gd Ifrkmt

^M+IK ^TMT@FJ IFRKMT

C`ngjng Fwtc`jg

^tmt`fj Jmkg ^M+IK

C`ngjng Mrgm^xmj~gm mjd d`~tr`nt ,m~ dgi`jgd `j Finfk~ Kgm~wrgd NfygrmhgMrgm kmu

Irg}wgjnp =52*= Klz

^gry`ng Dwrmt`fj24 lfwr~ m dmp x`tl m k`j`kwk fi 25 lfwr~ m dmp cfnmccp urfdwngdmjd urg~gjtgd* Mwtfkmtgd urfhrmkkg~ x`cc mnnfwjt ifr m km|`kwk

4 jfj+dmpt`kg lfwr~ ugr dmp*

Dgi`j`t`fj~

ûggnlûggnl g|ncwdg~ mdygrt`~`jh# urfhrmkkg&urfkft`fjmc trm`c~ )~ufj~fr nrgd`t~# mjd kmp bg nmcnwcmtgd mnrf~~ dmpt`kg fr jfj+dmpt`kg*

Ugmat`kg,~)Ugmat`kg,~ rgigr~ tf Xggadmp Brgmaim~t mjd MitgrjffjDr`ygt`kg fwtuwt# mjd Xggagjd Cmtg Brgmaim~t*

Dmpt`kgDmpt`kg rgigr~ tf 5955 tf =055 xggadmp~# mjd xggagjd fwtuwtirfk 57+94 PGMR FCD^# IFNW^GD FJ

^XMJ^GM MJD TLG ^WRRFWJD@JH MRGM*

Dgtm`c^M+IK x`cc ucmp kw~`n tlmt `~ urgdfk`jmtgcp =7 pgmr~ fr fcdgr ,dmt`jh bmna tf tlg =095~* Kfrgrgngjt kw~`n mjd nwrrgjt kw~`n x`cc igmtwrg bwt x`cc jft mnnfwjt ifr kfrg tlmj 27' fi tlg fwtuwt*ûgn`mc`~t kw~`n x`cc igmtwrg dwr`jh fii+ugma lfwr~ mjd x`cc mnnfwjt ifr m k`j`kwk fi ~`| lfwr~ m

xgga*

ûggnl x`cc mnnfwjt ifr m k`j`kwk fi 27' dwr`jh dmpt`kg lfwr~ mjd =7' dwr`jh jfj dmpt`kglfwr~*

ûggnl# dwr`jh dmpt`kg lfwr~ x`cc ifnw~ fj `~~wg~# gygjt~ mjd mnt`y`t`g~ rgcgymjt tf ^xmj~gm mjdtlg ~wrrfwjd`jh mrgm mjd x`cc `jncwdg mt cgm~t fjg `jtgry`gx ugr xggadmp# m dm`cp ulfjg+`j# xgmtlgr#trmygc# m cfnmc xlmt~ fj hw`dg mjd cfnmc ~ufrt*

Jgx~ x`cc bg brfmdnm~t mt cgm~t lfwrcp# `jncwd`jh cfnmccp urfdwngd mjd urg~gjtgd jgx~ bwccgt`j~ irfk5955 tf 2255 fj Kfjdmp tf ^wjdmp*



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Tl`~ ~gnt`fj ~lfwcd urfy`dg mj mjmcp~`~ fi tlg rgm~fj~ m~ tf xlp `t `~ nfj~`dgrgd tlmt tlgrg `~ mdgkmjd ifr tlg tpug fi ~gry`ng urfuf~gd# x`tl rgigrgjng tf tlg ~`zg mjd jmtwrg fi tlg urfuf~gd tmrhgtmwd`gjng*

9* Gy`dgjng fi Dgkmjd

^xmj~gm Cfnmc Rmd`f Ctd lm~ wjdgrtmagj m rmjhg fi rg~gmrnl mnt`y`t`g~* Tlg~g `jncwdg tlrgg}wmjt`tmt`yg u`gng~ fi xfra ,dgtm`cgd bgcfx# ifnw~ hrfwu ~g~~`fj~# dg~atfu RMOMR mjmcp~`~ mjd tlgkfj`tfr`jh fi g|`~t`jh cfnmc nfkkgrn`mc rmd`f ~gry`ng~*

@i fr`h`jmc kmragt rg~gmrnl lm~ bggj wjdgrtmagj# ucgm~g urfy`dg tlg ifccfx`jh `jifrkmt`fj ifr gmnlu`gng fi rg~gmrnl?

9*= ]wmjt`tmt`yg Rg~gmrnl ,= nfjdwntgd bp K@U

,`) M ~tmtgkgjt fi tlg agp fbognt`yg~ fi tlg rg~gmrnl?

Tl`~ ~twdp m`kgd tf g~tmbc`~l c`~tgj`jh cgygc~ tf ^xmj~gm Cfnmc Rmd`f Ctd R^C brfmdnm~t~# cgygc~ fimxmrgjg~~ fi tlg rmd`f ~tmt`fj# muurgn`mt`fj fi `t~ urfhrmkkg~ mjd urfugj~`tp tf c`~tgj tf mugrkmjgjt ygr~`fj fi tlg ~gry`ng*

,``) Tlg ~ugnì`n }wg~t`fj~ tlmt tlg rg~gmrnl ~fwhlt tf mj~xgr?

Xggacp rgmnl i`hwrg~ ifr mcc ~gry`ng~ mym`cmbcg `j tlg ^xmj~gm Cfnmc Rmd`f Ctd~ urfuf~gdnfygrmhg mrgm

Xlgtlgr rg~ufjdgjt~ lmd lgmrd fi ^xmj~gm Cfnmc Rmd`f

Xlgtlgr rg~ufjdgjt~ lmd gygr c`~tgjgd tf ^xmj~gm Cfnmc Rmd`f

Lfx rg~ufjdgjt~ rmtgd jmkgd gcgkgjt~ fi ^xmj~gm Cfnmc Rmd`f~ urfhrmkkg~

Lfx càgcp rg~ufjdgjt~ xfwcd bg tf c`~tgj tf m ugrkmjgjt ~gry`ng ~ugnì`nmccp dg~`hjgd ifr tlgugfucg fi ^xmj~gm

,```) Lfx tlg rg~gmrnl xm~ nfjdwntgd?

Tlg rg~gmrnl xm~ nfjdwntgd w~`jh tgcgulfjg nmcc+fwt~ tf m rmjdfkcp ~gcgntgd ~mkucg fi rg~`dgjt`mcjwkbgr~* ]wftm~ xgrg muuc`gd tf gj~wrg tlg i`jmc ~mkucg rgicgntgd tlg urfi`cg fi tlg ufuwcmt`fj `j tlg

urfuf~gd ^xmj~gm Cfnmc Rmd`f Ctd~ nfygrmhg mrgm*



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,`y) Tlg ~`zg mjd nfkuf~`t`fj fi tlg ~mkucg?

M tftmc fi 7=2 rg~ufjdgjt~ xgrg nfjtmntgd# tlg`r nfkuf~`t`fj bg`jh?

Ufuwcmt`fj ^mkucg

' ' Jf

Mcc Kmcg~ 49

I >7+44 rd mjd 29tl Igbrwmrp 2557 mnrf~~ tlg urfuf~gd ^xmj~gmCfnmc Rmd`f nfygrmhg mrgm*



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,y`) M ~wkkmrp fi tlg km`j i`jd`jh~ irfk tlg rg~gmrnl# ~lfx`jh lfx tlg~g dgkfj~trmtg gy`dgjng fidgkmjd ifr tlg ~gry`ng urfuf~gd?

Tl`~ ~twdp ifwjd tlmt?

^xmj~gm Cfnmc Rmd`f lmd mj mdwct xggacp rgmnl fi =2*7'# mjd m xggacp rgmnl fi =7*2' mkfjhtlg nfrg 27 tf 74 mhg hrfwu

>0*=' fi rg~ufjdgjt~ lmd lgmrd fi ^xmj~gm Cfnmc Rmd`f

^xmj~gm Cfnmc Rmd`f c`~tgjgr~ muurgn`mtgd tlg ~gry`ng# g~ugn`mccp `t~ kw~`n# jgx~ mjd`jifrkmt`fj# mjd cfnmc nfjtgjt* Tlg~g xgrg rmtgd g`tlgr hffd fr ygrp hffd bp 8'* Tlg l`hlg~t urfugj~`tp tf c`~tgj xm~ rgnfrdgd mkfjh 27 tf 44 pgmr+fcd~#x`tl 94*2' fi tlgk ncm`k`jh tf bg g`tlgr ygrp càgcp fr càgcp tf c`~tgj*

Tlg~g i`jd`jh~ ~whhg~t tlmt ugfucg `j tlg ^xmj~gm mrgm xfwcd xmjt tf lgmr m ~gry`ng càg tlmturfy`dgd bp ^xmj~gm Cfnmc Rmd`f dwr`jh `t~ R^C brfmdnm~t~* Kfrgfygr# jfj+c`~tgjgr~ tf tlg R^C

mc~f `jd`nmtgd tlmt tlgp xfwcd bg càgcp tf c`~tgj tf tlg tpug fi ~gry`ng urfuf~gd bp ^xmj~gm CfnmcRmd`f* 7=*>' fi jfj+c`~tgjgr~ ncm`kgd tf bg g`tlgr ygrp càgcp fr càgcp tf c`~tgj tf m jgx ugrkmjgjtrmd`f ~gry`ng dg~`hjgd ~ugnì`nmccp ifr tlg ^xmj~gm mrgm*

,y``) Iwcc dmtm tmbcg~ ifr mjp }wmjt`tmt`yg rg~gmrnl wjdgrtmagj ,tlg~g kmp bg ~wbk`ttgd `j nfji`dgjng)*

Iwcc dmtm tmbcg~ mrg `jncwdgd `j Muugjd`| 4 ,Rg~gmrnl

9*2 ]wmjt`tmt`yg Rg~gmrnl ,2 nfjdwntgd bp K@U


Tl`~ ~twdp m`kgd tf g~tmbc`~l cgygc~ fi `jtgrg~t `j ~ugnì`gd gcgkgjt~ fi ~uggnl xl`nl nfwcd lmygbggj `jncwdgd `j ^xmj~gm Cfnmc Rmd`f~ urfuf~gd ~gry`ng*

,``) Tlg ~ugnì`n }wg~t`fj~ tlmt tlg rg~gmrnl ~fwhlt tf mj~xgr?

Xggacp rgmnl i`hwrg~ ifr mcc ~gry`ng~ mym`cmbcg `j tlg ^xmj~gm Cfnmc Rmd`f urfuf~gd nfygrmhgmrgm

Lfx `jtgrg~tgd rg~ufjdgjt~ xgrg `j lgmr`jh m rmjhg fi ~uggnl `tgk~ fj m jgx# cfnmccp+ifnw~gd~gry`ng

Lfx càgcp rg~ufjdgjt~ xfwcd bg tf c`~tgj tf ~wnl m ~gry`ng

Xlgtlgr rg~ufjdgjt~ xfwcd c`~tgj tf m jgx ~gry`ng g|ncw~`ygcp# fr `j mdd`t`fj tf tlg`r nwrrgjt~tmt`fj,~

Xlgtlgr# xlgj m jgx ~gry`ng g|`~t~# rg~ufjdgjt~ xfwcd c`~tgj tf tlg rmd`f `j tftmc kfrg fr mbfwttlg ~mkg m~ nwrrgjtcp

MMM JJJGGGXXX ^FFFWWWJJJDDD IIIFFFRRR ^XXXMMMJJJ^GGGMMM UUUmmmhhhggg >>>


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Tlg rg~gmrnl xm~ nfjdwntgd w~`jh tgcgulfjg nmcc+fwt~ tf m rmjdfkcp ~gcgntgd ~mkucg fi rg~`dgjt`mcjwkbgr~* ]wftm~ xgrg muuc`gd tf gj~wrg tlg i`jmc ~mkucg rgicgntgd tlg urfi`cg fi tlg ufuwcmt`fj `j tlgurfuf~gd ^CR nfygrmhg mrgm*


M tftmc fi 75< rg~ufjdgjt~ xgrg nfjtmntgd# tlg`r nfkuf~`t`fj bg`jh?

Ufuwcmt`fj ^mkucg

' ' Jf

Mcc Kmcg~ 48*< 48*9 242

K =7+24 4 8*= 8*> >8

K >7+44 000


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Tlgrg xm~ ncgmr gy`dgjng fi dgkmjd ifr tlg kmofr`tp fi tlg ~ugn`i`gd ~uggnl gcgkgjt~# `jumrt`nwcmr cfnmc trmii`n# cfnmc jgx~ fj xggadmp~# cfnmc xlmt~ fj~# cfnmc jgx~ mt xggagjd~ mjdcfnmc xgmtlgr* *>'# *='#


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,`y) Tlg ~`zg mjd nfkuf~ t`fj fi tlg ~mkucg,~)1

M tftmc fi 742 rg~ufjdgjt~ xgrg }wg~t`fjgd* Fygr lmci ,7


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,y``) Iwcc dmtm tmbcg~ ifr mjp }wmjt`tmt`yg rg~gmrnl wjdgrtmagj ,tlg~g kmp bg ~wbk`ttgd `j nfji`dgjng)*

Iwcc dmtm tmbcg~ mrg `jncwdgd `j Muugjd`| 4 ,Rg~gmrnl

9*4 ]wmc`tmt`yg Rg~gmrnl ,= nfjdwntgd bp K@U


Tl`~ ~twdp ~gt fwt tf g~tmbc`~l `j kfrg dgtm`c xlmt uftgjt`mc c`~tgjgr~ xfwcd xmjt tf lgmr fj m jgxrmd`f ~gry`ng dg~`hjgd ~ugnì`nmccp ifr tlgk*

,`` Tlg ~ugnì`n }wg~t`fj~ tlmt tlg rg~gmrnl ~fwhlt tf mj~xgr?

Xl`nl rmd`f ~tmt`fj~ rg~ufjdgjt~ c`~tgj tf nwrrgjtcp*

Rgm~fj~ rg~ufjdgjt~ nlmjhg ~tmt`fj~*

Xlmt tpug~ fi kw~`n rg~ufjdgjt~ urgigrrgd*

Lfx `jtgrg~tgd rg~ufjdgjt~ xgrg `j ~ugn`mc`~t kw~`n mjd cfnmc kw~`n*

Lfx kwnl jgx~ mjd xgmtlgr nfygrmhg rg~ufjdgjt~ xfwcd càg*

Rg}w`rgkgjt~ ifr trmii`n mjd trmygc `jifrkmt`fj*

Lfx kwnl `jtgrg~t tlgrg xm~ `j ~ufrt~ nfygrmhg* Rg}w`rgkgjt~ ifr xlmt~ fj `jifrkmt`fj*

Xlgtlgr rg~ufjdgjt~ xmjtgd `jtgry`gx mjd ulfjg+`j urfhrmkkg~*

Xlgtlgr rg~ufjdgjt~ xmjtgd bw~`jg~~ mjd i`jmjn`mc `jifrkmt`fj*

Xlgtlgr rg~ufjdgjt~ xgrg `jtgrg~tgd `j mrt~ urfhrmkk`jh*

Rg~ufjdgjt~ y`gx~ fj mnng~~`b`c`tp mjd nfkugt`t`fj~*

Lfx `jtgrg~tgd rg~ufjdgjt~ xgrg `j Xgc~l cmjhwmhg urfhrmkk`jh*

Rg~ufjdgjt~ urfugj~`tp tf c`~tgj tf m jgx rmd`f ~gry`ng*


Txf ifnw~ hrfwu~ xgrg lgcd*



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Tlg ~mkucg nfj~`~tgd fi =4 rg~ufjdgjt~# mcc fi xlfk xgrg rg~`dgjt~ fi tlg urfuf~gd nfygrmhg mrgmfi m jgx ~gry`ng mjd nwrrgjt cfnmc nfkkgrn`mc rmd`f c`~tgjgr~* Rg~ufjdgjt~ rgurg~gjtgd m rmjhg fibmnahrfwjd~ mjd cìg+~tmhg~# m~ ~lfxj bgcfx?

Kmcg~ Igkmcg~Lftgc`gr Lftgc`grBw~`jg~~kmj Cghmc ~gnrgtmrp^lfui`ttgr Cgmrj`jh mjd dgygcfukgjt fii`ngr^mcg~ kmjmhgr Mdk`j`~trmtfrKmtwrg ~twdgjt Mdk`j`~trmt`fj m~~`~tmjt^twdgjt Mrt`~t

Lfw~gxìg^twdgjt

,y) Xlgj mjd xlgrg tlg rg~gmrnl xm~ nfjdwntgd?

Tlg ifnw~ hrfwu~ xgrg nfjdwntgd fj tlg gygj`jh~ fi Kfjdmp 2>rd Kmp mjd Twg~dmp 24tl Kmp 2557mt tlg Dpcmj Tlfkm~ Ngjtrg# ^fkgr~gt Ucmng# ^xmj~gm*



Rmd`f 2 xm~ tlg kf~t ufuwcmr ~gry`ng*

M jgx rmd`f ~tmt`fj jggd~ tf fiigr m brfmd rmjhg fi kw~`n# ~`k`cmr tf tlmt fiigrgd bp Rmd`f 2*

ûgn`mc`~t# mjd umrt`nwcmrcp cfnmc# kw~`n ~lfwcd bg h`ygj g|uf~wrg fj m jgx ~gry`ng*

M jgx ~gry`ng ~lfwcd lmyg cfnmc jgx~ mjd xgmtlgr# bwt jft tff kwnl*

Trmii`n mjd trmygc `jifrkmt`fj xfwcd bg mj `kufrtmjt umrt fi m jgx ~gry`ng*

Tlgrg xm~ `jtgrg~t `j cfnmc ûfrt~ bg`jh nfygrgd*

M hffd cfnmc xlmt~ fj hw`dg xfwcd bg m xgcnfkg gcgkgjt fi m jgx ~gry`ng*

@jtgry`gx~ mjd Ulfjg+`j~# `jncwd`jh nfj~wkgr mdy`ng# lmd ~trfjh muugmc ifr tlg~g rg~ufjdgjt~#umrt`nwcmrcp mjp fuufrtwj`tp tf nlmccgjhg cfnmc nfwjn`ccfr~*

Bw~`jg~~ `~~wg~ xgrg mc~f ifwjd tf bg fi `jtgrg~t# mctlfwhl jft `j mjp hrgmt dgutl*

Tlgrg xm~ c`k`tgd dgkmjd ifr ~fkg mrt~ tpug urfhrmkk`jh*

Tl`~ rg~gmrnl rgygmcgd m ~trfjh iggc`jh tlmt m jgx rmd`f ~gry`ng ~lfwcd bg mnng~~`bcg*

Tlgrg xm~ ifwjd tf bg c`ttcg dgkmjd ifr m jgx ~gry`ng tf `jncwdg Xgc~l cmjhwmhg urfhrmkk`jh*

Mcc tlg rg~ufjdgjt~ xfwcd mt cgm~t bg x`cc`jh tf trp m jgx ~gry`ng mcfjh tlg c`jg~ d`~nw~~gd `j tlgifnw~ hrfwu~# g~ugn`mccp ì `t ngcgbrmtgd tlg mrgm*

Tlg~g nfjncw~`fj~ dgkfj~trmtg tlg jggd ifr m jgx cfnmc ~gry`ng tlmt cfnmc jgx~# `jifrkmt`fj#`jtgry`gx~ mjd ulfjg+`j~* Tl`~ ~wuufrt~ tlg i`jd`jh~ fi tlg }wmjt`tmt`yg rg~gmrnl nfjdwntgd bp K@U `j

Owjg mjd dgtm`cgd gmrc`gr `j tl`~ ~gnt`fj*



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9*7 Mjmcp~`~ fi tlg xmj~gm Rmd`f Kmragt

Tl`~ rg~gmrnl urfognt xm~ nfkk`~~`fjgd irfk Rmd`f Dgygcfukgjt @jtgrjmt`fjmc rg~gmrnl ~ugn`mc`~t~*Tlg fbognt`yg xm~ tf mjmcp~g tlg nlmjhg~ `j c`~tgj`jh umttgrj~ `j tlg ^xmj~gm kmragt fygr tlg cm~ti`yg pgmr~ irfk RMOMR dmtm* Tlg agp rg~wct~ xgrg?

Lfwr~ c`~tgjgd tf mcc rmd`f lmyg `jnrgm~gd ~wb~tmjt`mccp fygr tlg cm~t i`yg pgmr~# dr`ygj bp tlg

cmwjnl fi Rgmc Rmd`f `j 2555 mjd bp tlg `jnrgm~`jh ufuwcmr`tp fi BBN Rmd`f Xmcg~ mjd BBNRmd`f Ifwr*

M~ m rg~wct# c`~tgj`jh tf cfnmc nfkkgrn`mc ~tmt`fj Tlg Xmyg lm~ imccgj drmkmt`nmccp# umrt`nwcmrcp `jtlg 27+44 dgkfhrmul`n* ^fkg fi tl`~ mwd`gjng lm~ trmj~igrrgd tf Rgmc Rmd`f# ~fkg tf BBNRmd`f Xmcg~# mjd ~fkg gygj tf BBN Rmd`f Fjg ,xlf~g lfwr~ c`~tgjgd mrg wu 25'*

Tlg cmwjnl fi Rgmc Rmd`f lm~ bggj `j~wii`n`gjt tf ~tgk tlg dgnc`j`jh muugmc fi nfkkgrn`mc rmd`fm~ m xlfcg# rgicgnt`jh tlg ~`k`cmr umttgrj tlmt g|`~t~ mnrf~~ tlg WA*

Rgmc Rmd`f~ muugmc g|tgjd~ g}wmccp mnrf~~ tlg 27+74 dgkfhrmul`n# mjd gygj nfj~`dgrmbcp `jtftlg =7+24 dgkfhrmul`n* @t~ fwtuwt muugmc~ tf tlg N2DG dgkfhrmul`n tx`ng m~ kwnl m~ tf tlg

MBN= dgkfhrmul`n*

Mctlfwhl cg~~ ~`hj`i`nmjt# BBN Rmd`f Npkrw `~ `jnrgm~`jh `t~ lfwr~ c`~tgjgd fygr tlg cfjh rwj*

Wjc`ag ftlgr mrgm~ fi tlg WA# BBN Rmd`f Txf lm~ ~lfxj c`ttcg hrfxtl `j tlg cm~t i`yg pgmr~# bwttlg ~tmt`fj `~ rmjagd .= `j tlg kmragt*

BBN ~tmt`fj~ tmag ifwr fi tlg tfu i`yg uf~`t`fj~ `j tlg kmragt ,`j frdgr? Rmd`f 2# Rmd`f Xmcg~#Rgmc Rmd`f# Rmd`f Fjg# Rmd`f Ifwr* I`yg pgmr~ mhf# tlg BBN tffa tlrgg fi tlg tfu i`yg uf~`t`fj~,`j frdgr? Tlg Xmyg# Rmd`f Txf# Rmd`f Fjg# ^xmj~gm ^fwjd# Rmd`f Xmcg~*

Gygj txf pgmr~ mhf# Tlg Xmyg nfjt`jwgd tf bg rmjagd .= `j tlg kmragt* Jfx `t rmja~ .9*

Tlg mdd`t`fj fi m jgx nfkkgrn`mc ~tmt`fj `j 2555 Rgmc Rmd`f lm~ `jnrgm~gd c`~tgj`jh tfnfkkgrn`mc rmd`f# bwt rgcmt`ygcp cg~~ tlmj tlg `jnrgm~g `j BBN rmd`f c`~tgj`jh*

9*9 Rg~gmrnl fi Cfnmc Mdygrt`~gr~ nfjdwntgd bp K@U

Txf u`gng~ fi rg~gmrnl xgrg nfjdwntgd mjd tlg rg~wct~ tlmt dgkfj~trmtg ~wuufrt irfk tlg cfnmcbw~`jg~~ nfkkwj`tp mrg ~gt fwt bgcfx?

Tlg i`r~t u`gng fi rg~gmrnl `jyg~t`hmtgd tlg cgygc~ fi `jtgrg~t `j w~`jh m jgx rmd`f ~gry`ng m~ mj

mdygrt`~`jh kgd`wk* Tl`~ xm~ nfjdwntgd w~`jh tgcgulfjg nmcc+fwt~ tf bw~`jg~~g~# mcc fi xl`nl xgrgnwrrgjt fr rgngjt mdygrt`~gr~ `j tlg cfnmc kgd`m + g`tlgr urg~~# rmd`f# Pgccfx Umhg~ fr Tlfk~fjD`rgntfrp* M tftmc fi 75 bw~`jg~~g~ xgrg nfjtmntgd*


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9


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8* Gy`dgjng fi ^wuufrt

Tl`~ ~gnt`fj ~lfwcd urfy`dg gy`dgjng fi ~wuufrt# xlgrg muurfur`mtg# irfk tlg muuc`nmjt(~ uftgjt`mcmwd`gjng fr irfk urf~ugnt`yg cfnmc mdygrt`~gr~*

8*= ^wuufrt irfk Uftgjt`mc Mwd`gjng

^xmj~gm Cfnmc Rmd`f~ ucmj~ lmyg bgjgi`tgd `kkgj~gcp irfk ~tmh`jh txf Rg~tr`ntgd ^gry`ng C`ngjngbrfmdnm~t~ dwr`jh tlg cm~t pgmr* Tlg~g gygjt~ lmyg h`ygj w~ fuufrtwj`t`g~ tf `jtgrmnt x`tl lwjdrgd~fi uftgjt`mc c`~tgjgr~ tf tlg ugrkmjgjt ~tmt`fj urfuf~gd `j tl`~ muuc`nmt`fj* Tlgp lmyg mc~f urfy`dgdw~ x`tl d`rgnt iggdbmna ,bftl uf~`t`yg mjd jghmt`yg tf tlg ymr`fw~ urfhrmkk`jh gcgkgjt~ mjd `dgm~xg lmyg `jncwdgd `j tlg ~tmt`fj~ fwtuwt*

Tlg i`r~t tr`mc brfmdnm~t tffa ucmng `j ^gutgkbgr 2554 w~`jh tlg fj+m`r jmkg (Tlg Rfna(* Tlgurfhrmkk`jh tmrhgtgd =7 pgmr fcd~ x`tl m k`| fi jgx mjd ncm~~`n rfna kw~`n* @t xm~ tlg iggdbmnaxg rgng`ygd irfk c`~tgjgr~ mjd mdygrt`~gr~# nfkb`jgd x`tl ~wb~g}wgjt kmragt rg~gmrnl# tlmtugr~wmdgd w~ tf rg+gymcwmtg tlg ifrkmt mjd tlg tmrhgt mwd`gjng fi m ugrkmjgjt ~tmt`fj ifr ^xmj~gm*Tlg rg~wct~ tfcd w~ tlmt m kfrg brfmd+bm~gd mwd`gjng dg~`rgd m ~tmt`fj x`tl cg~~ j`nlg muugmc mjdkfrg ~uggnl nfjtgjt ifnw~gd fj cfnmc jgx~ mjd `~~wg~*

Ifr tlg ~gnfjd tr`mc brfmdnm~t `j Igbrwmrp 2557# xg rgjmkgd tlg ~tmt`fj ^xmj~gm Cfnmc Rmd`f tfrgicgnt tlg cfnmcjg~~ tlmt uftgjt`mc c`~tgjgr~ ~m`d tlgp xmjtgd# `jnrgm~gd tlg ~uggnl nfjtgjt mjdx`dgjgd tlg kw~`n ufc`np* Tlg ~tmt`fj xm~ nfjygr~mt`fjmc `j ~tpcg# x`tl mj gkulm~`~ fj cfnmc jgx~mjd `jifrkmt`fj# nfkucgkgjtgd bp m x`dg rmjhg fi ~wbognt~ tlrfwhl igmtwrg~ mjd `jtgry`gx~* Ifrg|mkucg# mt =55 tgcgulfjg nmcc~ mjd75 g+km`c~ rgng`ygd bp tlg ~tmt`fj dwr`jh `t~ 2< dmp~ fj+m`r* Tlg nmcc~ irfk tlg mwd`gjng g|urg~~gd

muurfymc fi tlg urfhrmkkg k`| mjd ~wuufrtgd tlg ~tmt`fj(~ ifnw~ fj cfnmc `~~wg~ mjd tlg w~g fi jgxcfnmc tmcgjt*^wb~g}wgjtcp# irfk Kmrnl tf Owjg 2557# ^xmj~gm Cfnmc Rmd`f frhmj`~gd m urfhrmkkg fi g`hlt`jyg~t`hmt`yg nfj~wctmt`fj kggt`jh~ ,fygr 95 ugfucg mttgjdgd + m iwcc c`~t nmj bg ~wuuc`gd `i rg}w`rgdtf gc`n`t `jifrkmt`fj irfk tlg uftgjt`mc mwd`gjng tlmt xfwcd mdd tf fwr ifrkmc kmragt rg~gmrnl Q~ggmj~xgr tf ]wg~t`fj 9[* Tlg rg~wctmjt k`| fi `jdgugjdgjt rg~gmrnl i`jd`jh~ mjd fu`j`fj~ g|urg~~gd mttlg~g nfj~wctmt`fj ~g~~`fj~ hmyg w~ m kwnl bgttgr jft`fj fi tlg tpug mjd a`jd~ fi urfhrmkkg~muurfur`mtg ifr rmd`f c`~tgjgr~ `j ^xmj~gm*


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DGNCMRMT@FJ


DGNCMRMT@FJMuuc`nmjt~ mrg rg}w`rgd tf nfjncwdg tlg`r ~wbk`~~`fj bp rg~ufjd`jh tf tlg ifccfx`jh }wg~t`fj?

Df pfw nfji`rk tlmt# tf tlg bg~t fi pfwr ajfxcgdhg mjd bgc`gi? tlg muuc`nmjt `~ jft m d`~}wmcì`gdugr~fj `j rgcmt`fj tf tlg c`ngjng bp y`rtwg fi tlg urfy`~`fj~ fi ~gnt`fj =4>,7) fi tlg Brfmdnm~t`jh Mnt=009 ,rgcmt`jh tf ufc`t`nmc fbognt~)1

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jf d`rgntfr fr ugr~fj nfjngrjgd d`rgntcp fr `jd`rgntcp `j tlg kmjmhgkgjt fi tlg nfkumjp fr tlgmuuc`nmjt hrfwu `~ tlg ~wbognt fi m d`~}wmcì`nmt`fj frdgr m~ dgi`jgd bp ~gnt`fj =47,=) fi tlgBrfmdnm~t`jh Mnt =0091

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jf ugr~fj `jyfcygd `j tlg muuc`nmt`fj lm~ bggj nfjy`ntgd x`tl`j tlg um~t i`yg pgmr~ fi mj wjc`ngj~gdbrfmdnm~t`jh fiigjng mjd tlmt tlg muuc`nmjt x`cc df mcc `t nmj tf gj~wrg tlmt jf ugr~fj ~f nfjy`ntgdx`cc bg nfjngrjgd `j tlg urfy`~`fj fi tlg ~gry`ng# tlg kma`jh fi urfhrmkkg~ `jncwdgd `j `t# frtlg fugrmt`fj fi m rmd`f ~tmt`fj ì tlg muuc`nmjt `~ hrmjtgd m c`ngjng*

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mjp kmttgr~ xl`nl k`hlt `jicwgjng Finfk(~ owdhgkgjt m~ tf xlgtlgr tlg d`rgntfr~ mjd ~wb~tmjt`mc~lmrglfcdgr~ `jyfcygd `j tlg muuc`nmt`fj mrg i`t mjd urfugr ugr~fj~ tf umrt`nùmtg `j m rmd`f c`ngjng

lmyg bggj kmdg ajfxj tf Finfk6

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An Application To Ofcom For The FM Independent Local Radio Licence For Swansea By SAfm' by Grant Goddard