AN ANALYSIS ON THE FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE USED IN EDGAR

ALLAN POE’S POEMS

THESIS

By:

EKA YUSRIANSYAH

09360222

UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

2014

AN ANALYSIS ON THE FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE USED IN EDGAR

ALLAN POE’S POEMS

THESIS

By:

EKA YUSRIANSYAH

UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

2014

AN ANALYSIS ON THE FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE USED IN EDGAR

ALLAN POE’S POEMS

THESIS

This thesis is submitted to meet one of the requirements to achieve Sarjana

Degree in English Education

By:

EKA YUSRIANSYAH

09360222

UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

2014

MOTTO AND DEDICATION

Bersungguh-sungguhlah dan jangan bermalas-malasan dan jangan pula

lengah, karena penyesalan itu bagi orang yang bermalas-malasan.

“Hope is the thing with feathers that perches in the soul- and

sings the tunes without words- and never stops at all”

(Emily Dickinson)

“Kawula mung saderma, mobah-mosik kersaning Hyang

sukmo”

DEDICATION

I dedicated this thesis to:

My beloved father and mother,

My young sister and brother,

My sweaty dream,

And my friends.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Alhamdulillah, all praise is to Allah, the Merciful and Charitable. Because of

his guidance, blessing and affection, the writer can finish this thesis. Also, may

sholawat and salutation always be given to the last messenger Muhammad SAW.

The writer would like to express his deepest gratitude to Drs. Munaz Fauzie

Anwar, M.Pd, as his first advisor and Khairudin, M.Pd, as his second advisor, for

their suggestions, invaluable guidance and advice during the consultation period, their

comments and corrections during the completion of this thesis.

The writer’s absolutely deserves to thank to his beloved father (Sudjatto), and

his mother (Anis Watin), his young sisters (Nurul and Lita), his young brothers (Oni

and Fahmi), and his grandmother (Rusmini) who extremely support the writer much

morally and materially until this thesis is finished.

In addition, he cannot forget to say gratitude to his sweaty dream, Farah

Maulidya, who is never feeling bored and tired to support and motivate the writer in

finishing this thesis.

And also, he would like to thank to Dr. Arif Budi Wurianto, M.Si and

Supriyadi, M.Pd, for their suggestions, motivations, and consultations during

finishing this thesis.

Finally, the writer would like to say gratitude to the following people:

1. All of my friends in English Department, especially for D class 2009 period

(Baim, Dadan, Guntur, Ulum, Eva, Andro, Putri, Yoana, Evi, and Ipung)

2. My friends in boarding house (Bowo, Eko, Herman, Gok Pol, Okin, Bogel,

Ulum, Rozik, Hulaimi, Arif, and Didin).

3. My friends in UKM Komunitas Teater (Pak Meong, S.Sn, Bang Roni, Bang

Neo, Bang David, Don Miko, Koher, Irul, and Fida).

4. And my friends in LSO Teater KATAMATI (Bang Johan, Mbak Ratna, Mas

Faing, Codet, Vanggit, Burahen, Dimas, Haedar, Yaman, Nida, and Lastri)

Hopefully, Allah SWT always blesses them all and writes their kindness as

worship. Amin.

Malang, January 2014

Eka Yusriansyah

TABLE OF CONTENT

APPROVAL ............................................................................................................ i

LEGALIZATION ................................................................................................... ii

MOTTO AND DEDICATION ............................................................................... iii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ...................................................................................... iv

ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................ vi

TABLE OF CONTENT .......................................................................................... vii

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................ 1

1.1 Background of Study ............................................................................ 1

1.2 Statement of Problem ............................................................................ 5

1.3 Objective of Study................................................................................. 5

1.4 Significant of Study .............................................................................. 6

1.5 Scope and Limitation ............................................................................ 6

1.6 Definition of Key Term ......................................................................... 7

CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ....................................... 8

2.1 Literature ............................................................................................... 8

2.1.1 Prose .............................................................................................. 9

2.1.2 Drama ............................................................................................ 10

2.1.3 Poetry ............................................................................................. 10

2.2 Language of Literature .......................................................................... 11

2.2.1 Denotation ..................................................................................... 12

2.2.2 Connotation ................................................................................... 12

2.3 Poem ...................................................................................................... 12

2.3.1 Types of Poem ............................................................................... 13

2.3.1.1Narrative Poem ....................................................................... 13

2.3.1.1.1 Epic .............................................................................. 14

2.3.1.1.2 Ballad Stanza ............................................................... 14

2.3.1.2 Lyric Poem ............................................................................. 14

2.3.1.2.1 Elegy ............................................................................ 14

2.3.1.2.2 Ode ............................................................................... 15

2.3.1.2.3 Sonnet .......................................................................... 15

2.3.1.2.4 Haiku ............................................................................ 15

2.3.1.2.5 Villanelle ...................................................................... 16

2.3.1.3 Dramatic Poem ...................................................................... 16

2.3.2 The Element of Poem .................................................................... 16

2.3.2.1 Diction ................................................................................... 16

2.3.2.2 Imagery .................................................................................. 17

2.3.2.3 Rhyme .................................................................................... 17

2.3.2.4 Rhythm and Meter ................................................................. 18

2.3.2.5 Tone ....................................................................................... 19

2.3.2.6 Figurative Language .............................................................. 19

2.3.2.7 Theme .................................................................................... 19

2.4 Figurative Language .............................................................................. 20

2.4.1 The Kinds of Figurative Language ................................................ 21

2.4.1.1 Simile ..................................................................................... 21

2.4.1.2 Metaphor ................................................................................ 22

2.4.1.3 Pun ......................................................................................... 23

2.4.1.4 Synecdoche ............................................................................ 23

2.4.1.5 Metonymy .............................................................................. 24

2.4.1.6 Personification ....................................................................... 24

2.4.1.7 Apostrophe ............................................................................. 25

2.4.1.8 Hyperbole/Overstatement ...................................................... 25

2.4.1.9 Understatement ...................................................................... 26

2.4.1.10 Paradox ................................................................................ 26

2.4.1.11 Symbol ................................................................................. 27

2.4.1.12 Allegory ............................................................................... 27

2.4.1.13 Irony ..................................................................................... 27

2.4.2 Effectiveness of Figurative Language ........................................... 27

2.5 Edgar Allan Poe .................................................................................... 28

CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD ................................................................. 32

3.1 Research Design .................................................................................... 32

3.2 Approach ............................................................................................... 33

3.2.1 Mimetic Approach ......................................................................... 33

3.2.2. Pragmatic Approach ..................................................................... 33

3.2.3 Objective Approach ....................................................................... 34

3.2.4 Expressive Approach ..................................................................... 34

3.3 Research Object ..................................................................................... 34

3.4 Data Collection ...................................................................................... 35

3.5 Data Analysis ........................................................................................ 35

CHAPTER IV FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION ................................................... 37

4.1 Research Findings ................................................................................. 37

4.1.1 The Kinds of Figurative Language ................................................ 37

4.1.1.1 The kinds of figurative language used in the poem “The

City in the Sea” ................................................................. 37

4.1.1.2 The Kinds of Figurative Language used in the Poem The

Sleeper” ............................................................................. 40

4.1.1.3 The Kinds of Figurative Language used in the Poem

“Annabel Lee” .................................................................. 43

4.1.1.4 The Kinds of Figurative Language used in the Poem

“Ulalume” ......................................................................... 46

4.1.2 The Meaning of Figurative Language ........................................... 49

4.1.2.1 The meaning of Figurative Language used in the Poem

“The City in the Sea” ........................................................ 49

4.1.2.2 The Meaning of Figurative Language used in the Poem

“The Sleeper” ................................................................... 52

4.1.2.3 The Meaning of Figurative Language used in the Poem

“Annabel Lee” .................................................................. 54

4.1.2.4 The Meaning of Figurative Language used in the Poem

“Ulalume” ......................................................................... 57

4.2 Discussion ............................................................................................. 60

CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ............................................ 63

5.1 Conclusion ............................................................................................. 63

5.2 Suggestions ............................................................................................ 64

BIBLIOGRAPHY

APPENDIX

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Abrams, M.H. 1999. A Glossary of Literary Term. Seventh Edition. US: Thomson

Learning, Inc.

Abrams, M.H. 1953. The Mirror and the Lamp:Romantic Theory and the Critical

Tradition. USA: Oxford University Press, Inc.

Ary, Donald, Et. Al. 2010. Introduction to Research in Education. Eight Edition.

Canada: Wadsworth.

Aziz, Abdul. 2011. A Study of Figurative Language Used in James Blunt’s Song

Lyrics in “Back to Bedlam Album”. Unpublished Thesis. University of

Muhammadiyah Malang.

Bennet, Andrew and Nicholas Royle. 2004. Introducton to Literature, Criticism

and Theory. Third Edition. Great Britain: Perason Educated Limited.

Chandler, Daniel. 2002. Semiotics: The Basics. London: Routledge.

Culler, Jonathan. 1997. Literary Theory A Very Short Introduction. New York:

Oxford University Press.

Effendi, S. 2002. Bimbingan Apresiasi Puisi. Jakarta: PT Dunia Pustaka Jaya

Fisher, Benjamin F. 2008. The Cambridge Introduction to Edgar Allan Poe. New

York: Cambridge University Press.

Keraf, Gorys. 2008. Diksi dan Gaya Bahasa. Komposisi Lanjutan 1 Edisi yang

Diperbarui. Jakarta: PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama.

Macmillan, Literature Series. 1984. Appreciating Literature. New York: Macmillan

Publishing Company.

Macmillan, Literature Series. 1987, Understanding Literature. California: Macmillan

Publishing Company. Mission Hills.

Magil, Frank N. 1980. American Literature Colonial Age to 1980. California: Salem

Press Inc.

Meyer, Michael. 1990. The Bedford Introduction to Literature. Boston: 2nd

Edition Bedford Books of ST Martini’s Press.

Meyer, Jim. 1997. What is Literature? A Definition Based on Prototypes. Work

Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota

Session 1997 Volume 41, Online. URL: http://www.und.nodak.edu/dept/

linguistics/wp/1997Meyer.htmCopyrigh © 1997 by Jim Meyer.

Perrine, Lawrence. 1963. Sound and Sense An Introduction to Poetry. USA:

Harcourt, Brace and World Inc.

Pradopo, Rachmat Djoko. 2010. Pengkajian Puisi. Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada

University Press.

Puspitasari, Ellyana. 2005. An Analysis of the Messages of Edgar Allan Poe’s

Poems. Unpublished Thesis. University of Muhammadiyah Malang.

Reaske, Christopher Russel. 1966. How to Analyze Poetry. New York: Monarch

Press.

Siswantoro. 2002. Apresiasi Puisi-puisi Sastra Inggris. Surakarta: Muhammadiyah

University Press.

Stern, Philip Van Doren. 1945. The Portable of Poe”. USA. Viking Penguins Inc.

Wellek, Rene and Austin Warren. 1949. Theory of Literature. New York: Harcourt,

Brace and Company.

Wellek, Rene and Austin Warren, 1977. Teori Kesusastraan. Terjemahan Melani

Budianta. 1993. Jakarta: PT Gramedia.