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AN ANALYSIS ON STUDENTS ERROR IN ESSAY AT FIFTH SEMESTER
STUDENTS OF UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
THESIS
By:
NURUL HASANAH AGUSTIENI
201010100311020
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
2014
AN ANALYSIS ON STUDENTS ERROR IN ESSAY AT FIFTH SEMESTER
STUDENTS OF UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
THESIS
By:
NURUL HASANAH AGUSTIENI
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
2014
AN ANALYSIS ON STUDENTS ERROR IN ESSAY AT FIFTH SEMESTER
STUDENTS OF UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
THESIS
This thesis is submitted to meet one of the requirements to achieve
Sarjana Degree in English Education
By:
NURUL HASANAH AGUSTIENI
201010100311020
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
2014
MOTTO AND DEDICATION
Keinginanmu kadang tak sepaham dengan keinginan Tuhan.
Tapi percaya saja, ketidaksepakatanmu hanyalah ujian
-Rons Imawan-
The only way to worry about nothing is to pray about everything
-Anymous-
Good things come to those who wait
-Garfield-
Maka nikmat Tuhan kamu yang manakah yang kamu dustakan?
-QS Ar Rahman :21-
Always living gratefully, that’s happiness
-Anymous-
DEDICATION:
I dedicated this thesis to :
My beloved and patient Mother and Father,
My super supporters, my sisters and brother,
My lovely nieces and nephews,
My dearest friends,
And the man that I’m so grateful for.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Alhamdulillah, praise be to Allah, the Merciful and Charitable, for the
guidance, blessing, and affection, so that the writer finally can finish this thesis. Also,
may sholawat and salam always be given to the last messenger, Muhammad SAW.
The writer would like to show her deepest gratitude to the advisors, Dr.
Masduki, M.Pd and Nurakhfini Septiany, M.A., M.Ed, for the opportunity and
kindness in giving guidance, suggestions, and advice during the consultation period,
along with their comments and correction during the completion of this thesis.
Her sincere gratitude and appreciation are also extended to the A class of the
fifth semester students at English Department in University of Muhammadiyah
Malang who had given her the opportunity to conduct the study.
Moreover, the writer would like to dedicate this thesis to her beloved and
patient parents, Soejadi Budianto and Rukmini, who always inspire and support her to
do her best, and also to her sisters, brother, nieces, and nephews who have never limit
their loves and cares to her.
Finally, a special thank goes to Norman Fadhilah who never stops praying for
her successful and supporting her during the completion of the thesis. A lot of thanks
also given to her friends during her study for four years in University of
Muhammadiyah Malang (Arin, Nisrin, Anggeh, Iyon, Rachmi, Mbak Ajeng, Nabriis,
Retno, Ulis, Anggi, Lutfi, etc), her seven-years best friends (Atika Rahmawati and
Meilyani), her housemate in Malang, and others who give their encouragements, love,
cares, and pray, so that the writer can finally finish her thesis.
The Writer,
Nurul Hasanah Agustieni
TABLE OF CONTENTS
APPROVAL ............................................................................................................ i
LEGALIZATION ................................................................................................... ii
MOTTO AND DEDICATION ............................................................................... iii
ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................. iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .................................................................................... v
TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................ vii
LIST OF FIGURE .................................................................................................. x
LIST OF TABLE .................................................................................................... xi
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of Study .................................................................................... 1
1.2 Statement of Problems .................................................................................. 4
1.3 Purpose of Study ........................................................................................... 5
1.4 Scope and Limitation .................................................................................... 5
1.5 Significance of Research ............................................................................... 5
1.6 Definition of Key Terms ............................................................................... 6
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1 Writing .......................................................................................................... 7
2.2 The Writing Process ...................................................................................... 9
2.2.1 Prewrite ................................................................................................ 10
2.2.1.1 Techniques for Exploring Ideas ............................................... 10
2.2.1.2 Preparing an Outline ................................................................ 14
2.2.2 Drafting ................................................................................................ 15
2.2.3 Reviewing and Revising ...................................................................... 16
2.2.4 Rewriting .............................................................................................. 17
2.3 Essay ............................................................................................................. 17
2.3.1 The Introductory Paragraph ................................................................. 17
2.3.2 Body .................................................................................................... 19
2.3.3 Concluding Paragraph .......................................................................... 19
2.4 Four Bases in Evaluating Essay .................................................................... 21
2.4.1 Unity ..................................................................................................... 21
2.4.2 Support ................................................................................................. 22
2.4.3 Organization/Coherence ....................................................................... 22
2.4.4 Sentence Skills ..................................................................................... 22
2.5 Errors ............................................................................................................. 23
2.6 Error Analysis ............................................................................................... 23
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research Design ............................................................................................ 26
3.2 Research Subject ........................................................................................... 27
3.3 Data ............................................................................................................... 27
3.4 Research Instrument ...................................................................................... 28
3.5 Data Collection.............................................................................................. 28
3.6 Data Analysis ................................................................................................ 29
CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
4.1 Research Findings ......................................................................................... 32
4.1.1 Errors Made by the Students in Essay ................................................. 32
4.1.1.1 Unity ........................................................................................ 33
4.1.1.2 Support ..................................................................................... 36
4.1.1.3 Coherence ................................................................................ 37
4.1.1.4 Sentence Skill .......................................................................... 39
4.1.2 The Most Frequent Error ...................................................................... 47
4.2 Discussion ..................................................................................................... 47
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
5.1 Conclusion .................................................................................................... 50
5.2 Suggestion ..................................................................................................... 51
REFERENCES
APPENDICES
Appendix I : Samples of Students’ Essay Writing
Appendix II : Rubric for Evaluating Essay
Appendix III : Table of Errors
LIST OF FIGURE
Figure 2.1 Example of Making a List ....................................................................... 11
Figure 2.2 Example of Freewriting ........................................................................... 12
Figure 2.3 Example of Clustering ............................................................................. 13
Figure 2.4 The Introductory Paragraph Organization ............................................... 18
Figure 2.5 The Organization of Essay....................................................................... 20
LIST OF TABLE
Table 2.1 Four Bases in Evaluating Essay ................................................................ 21
Table 4.1 Examples of Error in Grammar ................................................................. 40
Table 4.2 Examples of Error in Mechanics ............................................................... 42
Table 4.3 Examples of Error in Punctuation ............................................................. 44
Table 4.4 Examples of Error in Word Use ................................................................ 45
Table 4.5 Errors Number and Percentage ................................................................. 47
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