an analysis of the homeless people in america reflected in john

AN ANALYSIS OF THE HOMELESS PEOPLE IN AMERICA REFLECTED

IN JOHN GRISHAM’S NOVEL THE STREET LAWYER

A THESIS

BY

NISTI FINDRIANI UTAMI

REG. NO. 100705058

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH

FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES

UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA

MEDAN 2014

Universitas Sumatera Utara



A THESIS

BY


REG. NO. 100705058




MEDAN 2014




A THESIS

BY


REG. NO. 100705058

SUPERVISOR CO-SUPERVISOR

Dr. Siti Norma Nasution, M.Hum Drs. Siamir Marulafau, M.Hum

NIP. 19570720 198303 2 001 NIP. 19580517 198503 1 003

Submitted to Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara Medan

in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra from

Department of English




MEDAN 2014


Approved by the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies University

of Sumatera Utara (USU) Medan as thesis for The Sarjana Sastra Examination.

Head, Secretary,

Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, MS Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A. Ph.D.

NIP. 19541117 198003 1 002 NIP. 19750209 200812 1 002


Accepted by the Board of Examiners in partial fulfillment of requirements for

the degree of Sarjana Sastra from the Department of English, Faculty of

Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara, Medan.

The examination is held in Department of English Faculty of Cultural Studies

University of Sumatera Utara on Saturday, July 12, 2014

Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies

University of Sumatera Utara

Dr. H. Syahron Lubis, M.A.

NIP. 19511013 197603 1 001

Board of Examiners

Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, MS ……………………………….

Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A. Ph.D. ……………………………….

Dr. Siti Norma Nasution, M.Hum ……………………………….

Drs. Parlindungan Purba, M.Hum ……………………………….


AUTHOR’S DECLARATION

I, NISTI FINDRIANI UTAMI DECLARE THAT I AM THE SOLE AUTHOR

OF THIS THESIS EXCEPT WHERE REFERENCE IS MADE IN THE TEXT

OF THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS CONTAINS NO MATERIAL PUBLISHED

ELSEWHERE OR EXTRACTED IN WHOLE OR IN PART FROM A

THESIS BY WHICH I HAVE QUALIFIED FOR OR AWARDED ANOTHER

DEGREE. NO OTHER PERSON’S WORK HAS BEEN USED WITHOUT

DUE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS IN THE MAIN TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS

THESIS HAS NOT BEEN SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF ANOTHER

DEGREE IN ANY TERTIARY EDUCATION.

Signed :

Date : July, 2014


COPYRIGHT DECLARATION

NAME : NISTI FINDRIANI UTAMI

TITLE OF THESIS :AN ANALYSIS OF THE HOMELESS PEOPLE IN

AMERICA REFLECTED IN JOHN GRISHAM’S

NOVEL THE STREET LAWYER

QUALIFICATION : S-1/SARJANA SASTRA

DEPARTMENT : ENGLISH

I AM WILLING THAT MY THESIS SHOULD BE AVAILABLE FOR

REPRODUCTION AT THE DISCRETION OF THE LIBRARIAN OF

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH, FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES,

UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA ON THE UNDERSTANDING THAT

USERS ARE MADE AWARE OF THEIR OBLIGATION UNDER THE LAW

OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA.

Signed :

Date : July, 2014


ACKNOWLEDGMENT

Bismillahirrahmanirrahim.

Alhamdulillah, all praises to Allah SWT. and shalawat to the great Prophet,

Muhammad SAW., who has brought us from the dark ages to the era full of

knowledge like today.

First of all, I would like to give the gratitude to Allah SWT., God of the

universe, for all the mercy and the blessing so I can complete this thesis. Allah

always be there to guide me, especially in completing this thesis.

I also thankful to Dr. H. Syahron Lubis, M.A., the Dean of Faculty of

Cultural Studies; Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, MS, the Head of English Department; and

Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A. Ph.D., the Secretary of English Department. I also

would like thank to my Academic Advisor, Dr. Hj. T. Thyrhaya Zein, M.A., and all

the lecturer of English Department who have teach me during the years when study

in English Department.

I would like to give the gratitude and deepest appreciation to Dr. Siti Norma

Nasution, M.Hum., as the supervisor and Drs. Siamir Marulafau, M.Hum., as the co-

supervisor for all guidance, suggestion, advice, and all the thing given to me in doing

this thesis.

My special gratitude is given to my beloved parents, H. Usman Effendy, S. E.

and Sawalnis, who have given not only financial and spiritual support, but also

motivation and all the things that I need so I did not give up and keeps trying to

complete this thesis, and also thank you for the patience and advice in educating me.

I also given the gratitude to my brothers, Muhammad Merfadhly, Muhammad

Ardhika, Muhammad Hidayani Setiawan, Muhammad Nofrian, and my sister Atika

Nistiawaty, thanks to all your love, care, and pray given to me.


Finally, I would like to thank to Alm. Bang Amran and also Bang Mistam for

all the help. I also would like thank you to my friends Fira Mauliani Shanti, Ryani

Junisha Ayulin, Julisa Masita, Khairunnisa Nst., and Vita Khairani, thank you for

being a friend for me and filled the days while studying in English Department and in

daily life, share stories and listen all of my complaints that I given to you. Thank you

for the care and motivation given to me so I can complete this thesis.

To all my classmates, Mori, Nina, Septi, Mariam, Devi, Wina, Laura, Kania,

Krista, Tami, Hetty, Apri, Elsye, Hanny, Yosi, Nurhayati, Rini, Eka, Cindy, Novita,

Gunanti, Ninis, Putri, Yudi, Aldi, Fandu, Boy, Denny, Samuel, Petrus, Dicky,

Martin, and all my friends in A & B Class in English Department. Thanks for all

moments we shared for four years in English Department. You guys are my friends.

May Allah SWT. bless us forever. Aamiin…

Medan, July 2014

Nisti Findriani Utami

Reg. No. 100705058


ABSTRAK

Judul skripsi ini adalah An Analysis of the Homeless People in America Reflected in John Grisham’s novel The Street Lawyer. Novel ini bercerita tentang ketidakadilan dalam sistem hukum, dimana “kaya” dan “miskin” tidak pernah berada pada kedudukan yang sama dan juga realitas kehidupan tunawisma di Amerika khususnya di Washington D.C., dimana masyarakat terbagi menjadi dua golongan, yaitu mereka yang peduli pada nasib tunawisma serta orang miskin dan mereka yang tidak peduli. Skripsi ini menganalisis penyebab seseorang menjadi tunawisma dan akibat sesorang menjadi tunawisma, serta sikap pemerintah dan masyarakat terhadap tunawisma. Metode yang digunakan dalam penulisan skripsi ini adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif yaitu penulis mendeskripsikan, menyelidiki, serta menganalisis data-data yang ada yang dikumpulkan dari buku-buku di perpustakaan dan internet yang berhubungan dengan penelitian ini. Teori yang digunakan adalah teori sosiologi sastra dan strukturalisme dinamik. Sosiologi sastra adalah suatu teori yang melihat sebuah karya sastra sebagai hasil interaksi antara penulis dan lingkungannya. Dan strukturalisme dinamik adalah sebuah bentuk sempurna dari teori strukturalisme. Strukturalisme dinamik adalah teori tentang unsur-unsur di dalam karya sastra yang diaplikasikan ke dalam suatu penelitian.

Kata Kunci: Tunawisma, sebab dan akibat dari tunawisma


ABSTRACT

The title of this thesis is An Analysis of the Homeless People in America Reflected in John Grisham’s novel The Street Lawyer. This novel tells about injustice in legal system, where the “haves” and “have-nots” are never on an equal footing and also the reality of homeless life in America especially in Washington D.C., where the society is divided into two groups, they are the people who care about the fate of homeless and poor people and the people who do not care. This thesis analyzes about the causes of people become homeless and the effect of people who become homeless, also the attitude of the government and society toward homeless people. The method that used in writing this thesis is a qualitative descriptive method that is the writer describes, explores, and analyzes the data that collected from the books in the library and the internet related to this study. The theory that used is sociology of literature theory and dynamic structuralism. Sociology of literature is a theory that sees a literary work as a result of interaction between the author and their community. And dynamic structuralism is a perfect form of the structuralism theory. Dynamic structuralism is a theory about the elements in literary work which is applied in the research. Key Word: Homeless, cause and effect of homeless


TABLE OF CONTENTS

AUTHOR’S DECLARATION…………………………………………… v

COPYRIGHT DECLARATION…………………………………………. vi

ACKNOWLEDGMENT…………………………………………………... vii

ABSTRAK………………………………………………………………….. ix

ABSTRACT………………………………………………………………... x

TABLE OF CONTENTS………………………………………………….. xi

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study……………………………………………… 1

1.2 Problem of the Study…………………………………………………... 5

1.3 Objective of the Study…………………………………………………. 5

1.4 Scope of the Study…………………………………………………….. 6

1.5 Significance of the Study……………………………………………… 6

CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE

2.1 Intrinsic Elements in Prose…………………………………………….. 9

2.1.1Character………………………………………………………………10

2.1.2 Plot……………………………………………………………………..11

2.1.3 Point of View…………………………………………………………..12

2.1.4 Setting………………………………………………………………….13

2.1.5 Style……………………………………………………………………13

2.1.6 Theme………………………………………………………………….14

2.2 Extrinsic Elements……………………………………………………..14

2.2.1 Economic Background in America…………………………………….14


2.2.2 Homeless People in America………………………………………....16

CHAPTER III METHOD OF RESEARCH

3.1 Research Design………………………………………………………..18

3.2 Data Collection………………………………………………………...18

3.3 Data Analysis…………………………………………………………... 19

CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS AND FINDING

4.1 The background of homeless people………………………………… 20

4.2 The causes of people become homeless ……………………………. 21

4.2.1Unemployment……………………………………………………….. 21

4.2.2Extreme poverty and the minimum wage………………………….... 22

4.2.3The lack of affordable housing……………………………………… 23

4.3 The effect of people who become homeless ………………………. 23

4.4 The attitude of government and society toward the homeless people… 27

CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

5.1 Conclusion……………………………………………………………... 41

5.2 Suggestion……………………………………………………………… 42

REFERENCES............................................................................................... 43

APPENDICES

i. Biography of John Grisham

ii. Grisham’s Works

iii. Summary of The Street Lawyer


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an analysis of the homeless people in america reflected in john