An Age of An Age of SegregationSegregation

By: Natalie Hrabrick,By: Natalie Hrabrick,Morgan IacovellaMorgan Iacovella

Samantha WakeleySamantha WakeleyGabrielle RamseurGabrielle Ramseur

Prejudice Prejudice WhoWho Black people and White

people

WhatWhat White people thought that they were superior to Black people

WhenWhen Existed since the time of slaves and has extended into the Civil Rights Movement

WherWheree

United States

WhyWhy Didn’t accept black people because of the color of their skin

The Start of the Jim Crow The Start of the Jim Crow LawsLaws

Started as a skitStarted as a skit Skits performed for funSkits performed for fun Jim Crow acted and made fun of Jim Crow acted and made fun of

BlacksBlacks Soon Whites made them into lawsSoon Whites made them into laws

The LawsThe Laws

Etiquette NormsEtiquette Norms Blacks couldn’t shake whites’ handsBlacks couldn’t shake whites’ hands A Black man couldn’t light a white A Black man couldn’t light a white

women’s cigarettewomen’s cigarette Blacks couldn’t have courtesy titlesBlacks couldn’t have courtesy titles At intersections, white people had At intersections, white people had

the right of waythe right of way

Plessy v. FergusonPlessy v. Ferguson Caused by Jim Crow LawsCaused by Jim Crow Laws Homer Plessy jailed for sitting in Homer Plessy jailed for sitting in

White section of streetcarWhite section of streetcar Case taken to Supreme CourtCase taken to Supreme Court Started “separate but equal”Started “separate but equal”

Think about it: What affects do you think the term “separate but equal” had on society?

SegregationSegregation

Sports

Bathrooms

Theaters

Restaurants

Schools

Black Black FacilitiesFacilities

White White FacilitiesFacilities

Far Away

Set up own

leagues

Unsanitary

Sit on top

row

Don’t work

ShoddyNo Books

Professional Leagues

Stadiums

Clean

Good

PlumbingFront Row Seats

Bus SystemBooks and SuppliesServed First

Wouldn’t get served

Different restaurants

Public

fields

Brown v. Board of Brown v. Board of EducationEducation

Goal: To get Linda Brown into a closer (all Goal: To get Linda Brown into a closer (all White) schoolWhite) school

Linda Brown had to travel farther then Linda Brown had to travel farther then needed to an African American school that needed to an African American school that was unequippedwas unequipped Oliver Brown took case to Local CourtOliver Brown took case to Local Court Case went to Supreme CourtCase went to Supreme Court Brown’s attorney, Thurgood Marshall, argued that Brown’s attorney, Thurgood Marshall, argued that

segregation made it impossible for equal education segregation made it impossible for equal education and that it made African American children feel and that it made African American children feel inferiorinferior

Eventually, Supreme Court agreed and one year Eventually, Supreme Court agreed and one year later ordered local schools to integratelater ordered local schools to integrate

Little Rock Central HighLittle Rock Central High

Agreed to integrate slowlyAgreed to integrate slowly 9 African Americans9 African Americans

Whites gathered outside of schoolWhites gathered outside of school AngryAngry

Guards escorted kidsGuards escorted kids Eventually whole school integratedEventually whole school integrated

Mary McLeod BethuneMary McLeod Bethune

Opened an all girl African American schoolOpened an all girl African American school Daytona Literary and Industrial School for Daytona Literary and Industrial School for

Training Negro GirlsTraining Negro Girls Attendance rate low Attendance rate low 6 children (5 girls and Mary’s son)6 children (5 girls and Mary’s son) School unequippedSchool unequipped

Charcoal instead of pencils, crates instead of Charcoal instead of pencils, crates instead of desks, ink came from crushed elderberriesdesks, ink came from crushed elderberries

School taught reading, writing, and home School taught reading, writing, and home economicseconomics

Montgomery City Bus Montgomery City Bus LinesLines

White people sit front to backWhite people sit front to back Black people sit back to frontBlack people sit back to front Drivers often abusiveDrivers often abusive Made people pay twiceMade people pay twice

Think about it: How could this treatment have started the boycott?

Rosa ParksRosa Parks

“I’m sick and tired of being sick and tired”

Rosa Parks was a Rosa Parks was a major leading major leading symbol during the symbol during the Civil Rights Civil Rights Movement. She Movement. She refused to get up refused to get up from her seat for a from her seat for a white man and was white man and was arrested on the arrested on the spot. She ignited spot. She ignited the flame of the the flame of the boycott and gave boycott and gave people inspiration people inspiration to continue to continue fighting prejudice.fighting prejudice.

December 1st, 1955

Rosa Parks Rosa Parks Born February Born February

4th in Tuskegee, 4th in Tuskegee, AlabamaAlabama

Grew up with Grew up with Grandmother Grandmother

on farmon farm

Settled in Montgomery Settled in Montgomery with husbandwith husband

Joined NAACPJoined NAACP

Worked for years Worked for years to improve African to improve African

American livesAmerican lives

Constant Constant fear of fear of

Clans and Clans and GangsGangs

Went to Alabama Went to Alabama State CollegeState College

Night of ArrestNight of Arrest

Friends in NAACP and WPCFriends in NAACP and WPC News spread quicklyNews spread quickly Jo Ann Robinson and WPC printed Jo Ann Robinson and WPC printed

thousands of fliers that nightthousands of fliers that night MIA held first meeting in Baptist MIA held first meeting in Baptist

churchchurch

Montgomery Improvement Montgomery Improvement AssociationAssociation

Formed overnightFormed overnight Keep boycott Keep boycott

organized and organized and efficientefficient

Leader: Martin Leader: Martin Luther King Jr.Luther King Jr. Offered Offered

encouragementencouragement Another leading Another leading

symbolsymbol ““Rolling Churches”Rolling Churches”

3 Demands3 Demands

1. First-come first-serve basis for seating

2. Black drivers hired for Black neighborhood routes

3. Drivers must conduct themselves

Think about it: Why do you think that African Americans needed to keep the boycott organized and efficient?

WPC

President: Jo Ann President: Jo Ann RobinsonRobinson Women’s Political CouncilWomen’s Political Council

Formed by educated Formed by educated women from Alabama women from Alabama State CollegeState College

Purpose: To improve Purpose: To improve African American African American statusstatus

Leading activist Leading activist group of the Civil group of the Civil Rights EraRights Era

President: Ralph President: Ralph David AbernathyDavid Abernathy Southern Christian Southern Christian

Leadership Leadership ProgramProgram

Atlanta, GeorgiaAtlanta, Georgia Continue Civil Continue Civil

Rights ActivismRights Activism

SCLC

Montgomery Bus BoycottMontgomery Bus Boycott

Mass Boycott of busesMass Boycott of buses Hurt Bus system financiallyHurt Bus system financially

African Americans were majority of bus African Americans were majority of bus ridersriders

Lasted a little over a yearLasted a little over a year African Americans faced violence African Americans faced violence

and unfair social injustices and unfair social injustices throughout itthroughout ithttp://www.youtube.com/watch?http://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=1QZik4CYtgwv=1QZik4CYtgw

White People ReactWhite People React Police arrested:Police arrested:

Rolling Churches for speedingRolling Churches for speeding People walking to work for loiteringPeople walking to work for loitering

Gangs and lynchingsGangs and lynchings Bombed King’s HouseBombed King’s House

No one hurtNo one hurt Angry mobAngry mob ““We must meet hate with love.”We must meet hate with love.”

Think about it: What did King mean in his quote, “we must meet hate with love”

End of the BoycottEnd of the Boycott

Put to an End by Supreme CourtPut to an End by Supreme Court Declared segregation on buses was Declared segregation on buses was

unconstitutionalunconstitutional Mandate arrived on December 20Mandate arrived on December 20thth, ,

19561956 Following morning King rode the bus Following morning King rode the bus

next to a next to a white white ministerminister

Effects of the BoycottEffects of the Boycott

Achieved very little physically, a lot Achieved very little physically, a lot morallymorally

Showed African Americans had Showed African Americans had power in numberspower in numbers

Propelled King onto the national Propelled King onto the national stagestage

Monumental importanceMonumental importanceThink about it: How did the boycott have a mental affect on both Black and White people?

Martin Luther King, Martin Luther King, Jr.Jr.

Jo Ann RobinsonJo Ann Robinson Ralph David Ralph David AbernathyAbernathy

Mary McLeod BethuneMary McLeod Bethune Rosa ParksRosa Parks Linda BrownLinda Brown

Public Segregation of water fountain. Public Segregation of water fountain. The white water fountain was nicer The white water fountain was nicer

than the colored water fountain.than the colored water fountain.

Protest against school Protest against school integrationintegration

This is the This is the white man who white man who dressed as an dressed as an

African African American American named Jim named Jim

Crow to mock Crow to mock and make fun of and make fun of

the African the African American race. American race.

This was the This was the original ideas of original ideas of

the Jim Crow the Jim Crow Laws.Laws.

This is a cartoon showing people like

the Ku Klux Klan trying to tie down an

African American who is rising up to

freedom.

Martin Luther King Martin Luther King Jr. after the Jr. after the Montgomery Bus Montgomery Bus Boycott sitting next Boycott sitting next to a to a whitewhite minister minister